With long hair and a short ‘bobbed’ tail, an American Bobtail cat was born thanks to a genetic mutation after a couple visited Arizona and adopted a bobtail cat. After mating him with a female cat, this resulted in a litter of kittens with shortened tails.

Despite their wildcat looks, these domesticated tabby cats have very friendly and docile temperaments and they can adapt their demeanor to suit their owner. It’s this fact that makes them one of the best cats for seniors and one of the best emotional support animals.

This long-haired cat breed is believed to be pretty healthy, but their shortened tail can cause them to develop a few issues. So if you are thinking of adopting one, there are some health conditions to be aware of. To help you come to a decision, we spoke to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who has shared some insight on all the helpful factors potential pet owners need to know.

Are American Bobtail cats hypoallergenic?

An American Bobtail cat is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

“They produce the Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine, the same as other cat breeds,” Dr MacMillan says. “They are also moderate shedders and may shed more heavily seasonally in fall and spring.

“Anecdotally some people report reacting to American Bobcats less than some other breeds, but I can’t find an official source to support this,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Therefore, if you’re part on an allergy-prone household, it’s probably worth considering some of the more non-shedding cat breeds, such the Cornish Rex, Siamese or Russian Blue.

Are American Bobtail cats rare?

Yes, the American Bobtail is considered a rare cat breed in the US.

“It has only been a relatively recently accepted breed by cat fanciers,” Dr MacMillan explains, “so it doesn’t have the years of history that some of the other pedigrees do.

“Their bobbed tail requires careful selective breeding, and not all kittens will be born with this desirable trait, further limiting their numbers,” the expert adds.

How big do American Bobtails get?

American Bobtail cats are classified as a medium to large breed. Where adult males can reach between 12–16 pounds while females can be anywhere between 7–11 pounds in weight.

This is similar to the average size of an Abyssinian, Birman, Burmese, Scottish Fold or Bombay.

How much grooming does an American Bobtail cat need?

American Bobtails tend to have either short or medium-length coats.

“Either way, their dense double coat needs regular brushing to prevent mats from forming,” Dr MacMillan says. “Once or twice a week should be enough, depending on coat length.”

The idea of brushing a cat might seem unnecessary given that the average cat spends anywhere between 30–50% of its day grooming themselves. But brushing your feline friend can help with the health and cleanliness of your kitty. For example, using one of the best cat brushes will help to remove dirt, dandruff and skin flakes from their fur and skin.

Plus, for a moderately shedding cat, like an American Bobtail, brushing your feline can prevent clumps of fur from appearing all over your home.

How much exercise does an American Bobtail cat need?

You should aim to help your American Bobtail complete around 30 minutes of exercise a day – however this shouldn’t be too much hassle, considering this breed loves to stay active.

Often described as having dog-like behaviour, this playful and energetic kitty is also a cat breed that likes water. So they’ll love playing with their water bowl or drinking from one of the best pet water fountains.

American Bobtail health problems

This breed is generally pretty robust and healthy. But according to Dr MacMillan, American Bobtails have a tendency to develop a few health issues.

“Their abnormal tail confirmation puts them at greater risk of spinal issues,” the vet says. “This can include herniated discs and spinal deformities. Depending on the severity, this could lead to a variety of issues including difficulty waking and jumping up, paralysis, and incontinence.”

American Bobtails are also at increased risk of hip dysplasia.

“This developmental joint abnormality can cause pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of osteoarthritis,” explains Dr MacMillan.

Purchasing from a reputable breeder who only mates healthy animals will reduce the risk of your kitten developing health issues.

“Keeping your cat at a healthy weight will also help protect their joints and spine from additional pressure,” the expert adds.

How much does an American Bobtail cost?

Their scarcity means that American Bobtails can be quite an expensive cat breed to purchase. On average, you could expect to pay anywhere between $600–1,200 for the privilege of welcoming an American Bobtail into your home.

This makes this breed pretty much the same price as the other similar ‘missing tail’ breed, the Manx.

Should I get an American Bobtail?

Above all, American Bobtail cats are friendly and adaptable so they would fit in well with most families.

They like attention and they are very affectionate, so some people even describe this breed as being ‘dog-like’.

“Unlike most cat breeds, they tend to bond well with all members of the household rather than focusing on just one owner, which is nice for families,” Dr MacMillan adds. “Due to their love of human company, they would be best suited to owners who are around most of the time to provide them with the fuss they need.”

“American Bobtails are frequently used as therapy cats due to their soft, interactive nature,” the vet adds, so they could be a great fit for helping people cope with stress and anxiety.

Read next: Wild cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Most people knows someone who regularly donates blood or has received a blood transfusion themselves, but it’s not just humans who can give blood to each other. In fact, the first successful blood transfusion in history was between two dogs in 1665.

Of course, we’ve come a long way since Richard Lower’s blood transfusion experiments back then, but animals like dogs and cats still give and receive blood. Even just one pint of blood from a dog can help save the lives of up to four other canines who are injured or unwell.

Despite pet blood donation being so important, however, it’s not something lots of pet parents are aware of, or know how to get involved with if they think their pet could help out.

Here, we’re taking a look at everything to know about pet blood donation and we asked expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan for her thoughts, too.

Why is pet blood donation needed?

Much like when humans are ill or injured, animals sometimes require blood transfusions with blood taken from healthy pets.

There are many reasons why an animal may need to receive a blood transfusion, but these are some of the most common:

• Blood loss from trauma or surgery
• Poisons or parasites
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells)
• Clotting disorders (e.g. Von Willebrand disease)

What does the blood donation process involve?

In the appointment itself, your pet will have a physical examination and you might have to answer a few questions about their history. They will then have some patches of fur clipped and a small bit of blood taken for some tests.

“During the donation, your pet will be lifted and laid onto a table,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Approximately 450ml of blood will be taken from your dog, or 50ml from your cat, into a collection bag. Your pet will be getting plenty of cuddles and reassurance throughout. Much like human donation, this process will not hurt them, but your pet may feel a bit tired afterward. Also, like humans, they will receive a snack and a drink once they are done!”

Once you’re back at home, try to keep your pet rested for the day. They should be back to their usual self within 24 hours, however.

Does blood donation hurt?

Fortunately for our pets, the process is pretty painless. Local anesthetic creams, which numb the area from which the blood is being taken, are often used.

Sometimes, cats receive a small amount of feline sedatives – there’s a small risk to any sedation procedure, but it is very small. If anything was to go wrong, vets are on hand to provide the necessary medical attention.

Can my pet donate?

If you’re thinking of giving your pet the chance to become a donor, that’s great. But it’s important to know that not every animal will be a good fit, whether because of temperament or their health and age.

"A pet blood donor needs to have a calm temperament and feel relaxed in a veterinary environment,” says Dr. MacMillan. “Stressed, anxious, or aggressive pets would be too difficult for staff to safely handle, and it would not be fair on the animal.”

For dogs to donate, the following should apply:

• In great health
• Aged between one and eight years old
• Weigh over 55lbs or 25kg
• Have had their vaccinations
• Never traveled abroad – this reduces the risk of them carrying any infectious diseases

For cats, the following should apply:

• In great health and does not take any medications aside from parasite treatments and routine vaccinations
• Aged between one and 10 years old
• Weigh over 9lbs or 4kg
• Have had their vaccinations
• Never traveled abroad
• Indoor only

Do pets have different blood types?

Like humans, different animals of the same species can have different blood types. Dogs have at least 12 known blood types. Most are DEA blood types, with DEA 1.1 the most reactive. DEA 1.1 positive dogs can only donate to other DEA 1.1 positive dogs, but DEA 1.1 negative dogs are “universal” blood donors and can also donate to both DEA 1.1 positive and negative dogs.

Only a small number of dogs are DEA 1.1 negative, but boxers, Dobermans, German Shepherds, greyhounds, Irish Wolfhounds, and pit bulls are more likely to have that blood type. Therefore, they’re rather in demand by blood banks.

Cats, on the other hand, either have A, B, or AB blood. Type A cats must receive Type A blood and Type B cats must receive Type B blood to greatly reduce the risk of reaction. Ideally, Type AB cats should have Type AB blood, but it can be difficult to find so Type A blood is sometimes used.

How to get involved with pet blood donation

If you think your pet could be well-suited to being a blood donor, you could reach out to your local veterinary teaching hospital or speak to your regular vet. You could also take a look at the North American Veterinary Blood Bank’s (NAVBB) website for advice. For UK-based pet parents, head to Pet Blood Bank UK’s website for more information.

We think donating blood is one of the most heroic things a pet can do. If you’d like to find out more about some of the best things our pets get up to, here are some amazing things dogs do without even trying.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Gentle and graceful, as their name suggests, Turkish Angoras originated in Türkiye during the 16th century. But by the 20th century, this cat almost became extinct. To stop this from happening, a breeding program was set up in Ankara Zoo in 1962 and the same program is still running in 2025 as it is still considered one of the rarest cat breeds.

Today, Turkish Angoras are most often depicted with their beautiful white silky coat, their striking almond-shaped eyes and a long and graceful body. Described as being regal in both their looks and personality, this family-oriented cat tends to form a close bond with one person and is known and loved for its intelligence and independence.

To find out more about this breed, and whether your four walls are a Turkish Angora's fur-ever home, we spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who shared her knowledge of this breed with us.

Are Turkish Angora cats hypoallergenic?

Turkish Angora cats aren't classed as a hypoallergenic cat breed.

While their luscious single-coated locks won't shed too much, they still carry the Fel d 1 protein, which is the primary allergen in cats, which is known to trigger allergies.

Therefore, if your allergy is on the mild end, a Turkish Angora might not have you reaching for the tissues any time soon as they won't end up leaving fur all over your home.

But as is the case with all feline friends, they still have the protein that is carried in cat saliva and this will be spread through their coat after they groom themselves.

Are Turkish Angora cats vocal?

Turkish Angora cats are well known for being one of the more vocal cat breeds.

“They have a wide range of meows that they use to communicate with their owner,” explains Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “They usually show off their vocal talents when they are demanding attention! However, individuals vary, so some of these cats may be more talkative than others.”

Turkish Angora health problems

According to Dr MacMillan, white Turkish Angoras with blue eyes are at an increased risk of deafness.

"The same genes that control melanin production, also affect the chemical balance in the tiny hairs within the ear," the vet explains. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for hereditary deafness, but many cats with hearing issues can still have a good quality of life if kept safely indoors, Dr MacMillan explains.

This breed, like many others, can be affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

"This hereditary heart issue can eventually lead to heart failure," Dr MacMillan explains. "A reputable breeder should screen their Turkish Angora cats for this condition prior to mating them. This will help to increase the chances of you owning a healthy cat."

Turkish Angoras can also suffer from all the common health complaints that may affect any other feline. So, to keep them healthy it is essential to carry out preventative healthcare.

"Making sure your cat is up to date with their vaccinations and anti-parasite treatment is important," Dr MacMillan says. "But you should also ensure they are on a good-quality, complete diet that is suitable for their life stage.

“Obesity can shorten the lifespan of your pet. Watching your Turkish Angora’s waistline will help increase their chances of a long and happy life and reduce the risk of issues like diabetes mellitus.”

What are a Turkish Angora’s grooming needs?

Brushing this cat breed once a week should do the trick. A Turkish Angora has a single coat with no undercoat which makes grooming them easier than other fur friends, with double or triple coats.

If you have a white coated or light colored Turkish Angora, you may need to bathe them occasionally too, to keep their fur looking its best. The good news is that Turkish Angoras love playing in water, so this should take care of washing their coat.

What are a Turkish Angora exercise needs?

This breed is very agile and athletic. When they're not exuding their kitten-like playfulness they are most probably playing in water. And when they're not picking up the best cat toys, they are exploring the world and climbing trees outside.

Therefore, to help expel some energy, a Turkish Angora will need at least 30 minutes of exercise a day, which can be broken up into smaller stints. This could include letting them explore the great outdoors with their strong hunting instincts, letting them run and jump around your home or engaging in some one-on-one toy time.

How much does Turkish Angora cost?

Turkish Angoras are a relatively expensive cat breed and the high price point is reflective of their rarity.

Generally speaking, kittens can cost between $650–2,000, depending on the location and breeder you go to.

This is in the same ballpark as a Korat, Abyssinian and Himalayan cat.

Should I get a Turkish Angora?

A Turkish Angora is a family-oriented cat and will love forming a close bond with one special human. Therefore, if you or your family are keen to create a fur friend for life, then this kitty, which can live for up to 20 years, will feel right at home.

Turkish Angoras retain their kitten-like energy all throughout adulthood. So not only will they bring lots of energy to your home, they will be up for playing, exploring and climbing. And when they're not doing that, they will be chatting away!

Grooming-wise, a Turkish Angora is pretty low-maintenance. And while there are a few health conditions to be aware of, like potential deafness and HCM, the latter can be prevented if you purchase from a reputable breeder who would health-screen their Turkish Angora cats for this condition prior to mating them.

All in all, a Turkish Angora is a friendly, lovable and fun cat to share your home with – but that's if you can find of these rare beauties in the first place!

Read next: White cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The active and mischievous Egyptian Mau is known for being one of the longest living cat breeds and one of the most fascinating felines. We say this because this regal-looking cat comes with a seemingly never-ending list of attributes to its name.

For example, along with being extremely athletic, having low grooming needs and a love for the great outdoors, these water-loving cats have a very balanced temperament. This makes them a great all-rounder for family homes and households that already have pets.

But that’s if you can find one! A ‘Mau’ – which in Egyptian means ‘cat’ – is classed as one of the rarest breeds in the US and because of this, it's one of the most expensive breeds, too.

Still intrigued by this vocal breed of tabby? If that’s the case, do keep scrolling to find out everything there is to know about this cat and who this kitty might be best suited for.

Are Egyptian Mau cats hypoallergenic?

No, the Egyptian Mau is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed. Explaining why, vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan says: “Though its short sleek fur may be less triggering than other breeds for mild allergy sufferers, they will shed moderate amounts all year round.”

Wondering how to reduce cat shedding? While there’s no ‘magic pill’ for preventing your Egyptian Mau from this completely natural process, there are some things you can do to help reduce the amount of hair found around your home.

For example, regular grooming with the right type of cat brush can help to remove dead hairs before they’re fully shed and prevent them from falling all over your home.

You could also check your anti-parasite regimen with a vet to ensure that your cat has been getting the correct dose and is up to date, as parasites, like fleas, lice, and mites, can all cause irritation, leading to increased grooming and shedding.

Are Egyptian Mau cats friendly?

They really are! Egyptian Mau cats are one of the friendliest cat breeds, known and loved for their affectionate nature.

“These cats enjoy human company and often form a strong bond with one family member, though they will still be sweet-natured with other people too,” explains Dr MacMillan. “They are intelligent cats that relish routine.”

Egyptian Maus can also get along just fine with other fur friends, like dogs, too.

“They usually get on OK with dogs in the household, provided there have been gradual introductions and the dog is laid back,” Dr MacMillan adds.

It’s a well-known fact that most cats and dogs are not naturally friends. But if you have a multi-pet household and are thinking about expanding your fur family with an Egyptian Mau, there are a range of tips and tricks that can help dogs and cats live together in perfect harmony.

Are Egyptian Mau cats vocal?

Another fun fact about an Egyptian Mau cat? Just like a Siamese, Burmese and Tonkinese, these kitties are one of the loudest cat breeds.

“This breed is very vocal around their family and will often chirrup, yowl, and meow to communicate,” confirms Dr MacMillian. “These chatty cats enjoy using their voice to get attention, helping them bond with their owners. This behavior is often reinforced when their owners react back, and so the Egyptian Mau quickly learns that it’s a useful tool!”

So, if you have a lively household, this chatty companion could fit right in. The same goes for if you are living alone and are looking for a fur friend to share your thoughts with. Either way, if you intend to share your four walls with an Egyptian Mau, your home is going to be full of chatter.

How much grooming does an Egyptian Mau need?

Egyptian Maus are low-maintenance when it comes to grooming.

“Their coat only needs brushing once or twice a week to remove loose hairs and keep it looking smart,” says Dr MacMillian. While regular preventive oral care is also advised, as is the case with all cat breeds. "

So, if you don’t know how to do so already, learning how to brush your cat’s teeth will help you keep your cat’s teeth clean and healthy, and go a long way to keeping dental disease, like stomatitis, at bay.

How much exercise does an Egyptian Mau need?

When it comes to exercise this athletic and energetic breed will need at least 30 minutes of play a day, so you'll need some of the best interactive cat toys to hand.

If you’ve got a safe and kitty-friendly outdoor space, an Egyptian Mau will also thrive from being outside, as it’s a cat breed that prefers living life outdoors. And, despite being domesticated, you’ll most likely find this cat standing on its hind legs, surveying the world beneath them.

This nature-loving breed loves water too, so will adore whiling away their days climbing and jumping. And, when rain ruins play, the best cat trees will help these fur friends still get their exercise-loving fix.

Egyptian Mau health problems

The good news is that Egyptian Maus are generally a pretty healthy cat breed. However, there are a few health conditions they can suffer from.

“Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a rare disease that can affect Egyptian Maus, causing red blood cells to die more quickly than usual,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This means that there is less blood circulating in the bloodstream and the cat becomes anaemic. This problem may not be noticed straight away as clinical signs can often be intermittent.”

Unfortunately, Dr MacMillan explains that this is a genetic defect, so there is nothing that a new owner can do to prevent it from occurring. However, she suggests owners look out for “symptoms, including pale or yellow gums, lethargy, muscle wastage, elevated heart rate, and exercise intolerance.”

Egyptian Maus can also be prone to cystitis, which is inflammation of the bladder.

“Owners need to be watchful for symptoms like blood in the urine, straining when urinating or only passing small amounts of urine at a time,” Dr MacMillan says. “They should also encourage their cat to take in more fluids by feeding wet food, adding water to their cat's diet, placing plenty of water dishes around the house and considering a cat drinking fountain.”

Like many other cats, the Egyptian Mau can be prone to tartar buildup and gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums.

“This is why I always recommend preventative oral care, from an early age,” the vet says. “Toothbrushing with cat-friendly toothpaste is recommended and some may need regular veterinary cleanings too.”

How much does an Egyptian Mau cost?

The price of an Egyptian Mau can vary anywhere from $800–1,200 but they have been known to sell for up to $2,500, which makes them one of the most expensive cat breeds. That’s because Egyptian Maus are rare in the US, so finding one could cost you a pretty penny!

Towards the lower end of the scale, this puts the Egyptian Mau in the same price bracket as a Cornish Rex or an ocicat. While the higher end is how much you could expect to pay for an Abyssinian.

Either way, the final price you pay will hang on the breeder you choose and what state you're in.

Should I get an Egyptian Mau?

If well looked after, Egyptian Maus are pretty healthy companions and sociable creatures who enjoy living with an owner who is home for much of the day.

As lovers of the great outdoors, they would also thrive in homes that have access to safe outside spaces and if possible, somewhere that has water they can play in.

If you’ve already got another pet in your home, like a dog, then worry not, as most Egyptian Maus extend their friendly nature to other four-legged friends.

If you’re seriously considering adopting this breed, you’ll also need to take into consideration that this chatty companion will want to talk for most of the day, as these kitties are extremely vocal.

“They are adaptable and would be happy living in the city or countryside, provided they are given enough exercise and mental stimulation,” adds Dr MacMillan. “If you travel or work away from home a lot, then this perhaps isn’t the best cat for you,” the expert highlights.

Read next: Most mischievous cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Thanks to their wonderful ability to be active and exceptionally affectionate, you get the best of both worlds with a toyger.

This hybrid cat was created by crossing a wildcat species – like a Bengal – with a domestic shorthair cat and because of this, it has many attributes of both of these breeds. For example, along with being brilliantly sociable, including with children and other pets, this larger-than-life breed is also always up for a cuddle.

This designer breed is one of the best cat breeds for hot climates due to its short, dense coat that helps them thrive in hotter weather. It gets its name because it resembles a toy tiger.

Their high energy levels mean that they are an above-average commitment, as they'll need plenty of enrichment to stay happy and healthy. To find out more and discover whether this is the right fit for your four walls, keep scrolling.

Are toygers hypoallergenic?

Unlike a Balinese or Javanese, a Toyger is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

“They produce the same amount of Fel d1 protein as other cat breeds – the trigger for allergy sufferers,” vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan explains.

Unlike the non-shedding cat breeds: “They also shed a moderate amount all year round,” the expert confirms.

What does a toyger eat?

Despite its wild-looking characteristics, a Toyger’s dietary requirements are no different from any other domestic cat.

“They require a good quality complete diet that is rich in meat protein, formulated for their age and lifestyle,” Dr MacMillan says. “As with any breed of cat, it is important to keep your toyger at a healthy body weight as obesity can shorten their lifespan.”

Are toygers rare?

Yes, toygers are considered to be a rare breed.

“They are a recently established breed, which only came about in the 1980’s so numbers of this cat are still low,” explains Dr MacMillan. “There are not many toyger breeders out there so prices for one of these kittens are high.”

How much grooming does a toyger need?

Some cats require more grooming than others. However, toygers are considered to be a low maintenance cat, when it comes to grooming.

“Their short, sleek coat only needs brushing once a week,” Dr MacMillan says. “This will keep their coat looking good by removing any loose fur and preventing mats from forming.”

If you intend on adopting this cat, regular oral care is also recommended with a gentle introduction to teeth brushing from a young age. Unsure on how to do so? Discover how to brush your cat’s teeth according to a vet and the best ways to keep your cat’s mouth clean and healthy.

How much exercise does a toyger need?

Like most cats, a toyger will need atleast 30 minutes of exercise a day.

“They are reasonably active so they would need an owner who can engage and play with them regularly,” Dr MacMillan says.

To help them get all the exercise they need, this is where the best cat toys, like the best interactive cat toys and the best automated cat toys will come in handy. The latter will work especially well in households who aren’t able to spend long periods of time playing. So your toyger can amuse themselves instead.

Toyger health problems

This breed is relatively healthy and doesn’t seem to have any breed specific health issues. Explaining why this might be, Dr MacMillan says this is because the Toyger is the product of domestic short-haired cats with certain desirable markings.

“These crossbreed tabbies have a wider gene pool rather than some of the other pedigree cats out there,” the expert says. “That is not to say that breed-specific concerns won’t develop as time goes on.”

However, some health conditions are common to all cats, including toygers.

“This includes dental disease,” Dr MacMillan says. “Any cat can develop excessive tartar buildup and gum inflammation. Owners should brush their cat’s teeth regularly with cat-safe toothpaste and some may require professional veterinary cleans occasionally.”

Keeping your cat at a healthy body weight is also essential, as overweight or obese cats are more likely to suffer from diabetes, joint disease, and cancer.

“Any breed of cat can develop health complaints like heart murmurs, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract issues, or hyperthyroidism, so it is important to be proactive and get them checked over regularly,” the vet says.

How much does a toyger cost?

The short answer to this question is: a lot! Due to their rarity, toygers are one of the more expensive cat breeds and can set you back up to $5,000! But depending on what breeder you go to and the state you’re in, prices tend to start from $1,500 and work their way up – which is similar to a Bengal cat.

That said, if you can find one of these cuties from a shelter, the adoption rate is usually around $500–1,000.

Should I get a toyger?

Only you can decide the answer to this question.

“Toygers are friendly and easygoing cats, so they would fit in well with most families,” explains Dr MacMillan. “They are also reasonably active so they would need an owner who can engage and play with them regularly.”

Generally healthy, toygers can live for up to 12–15 years, so if you intend to rehome one, you can expect them to become a fully fledged member of the fur family for years to come.

Although they have a wild and exotic look, these cats are usually affectionate. Therefore, with the right socialization and gentle introductions, these feline friends get on well with children and dogs.

Read next: Cat breeds that prefer being outdoors

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Large, muscular and full of energy, the ocicat is a beautiful mix between a Siamese, American Shorthair, and an Abyssinian. And while ocicats have a wild-like appearance to them, they’re a completely domestic breed.

According to history books, the ocicat originated by pure chance after breeder Virginia Daly crossed a Siamese cat with an Abyssinian in 1964. After a few attempts, she discovered a male kitten called Tonga that resembled a wild ocelot with ivory fur and golden spots. And, after later incorporating the American Shorthair into the breeding program, the athletic and muscular ocicat we know and love today was formed.

Today, ocicats come in 12 colors and patterns and are still relatively rare in the US due to being a relatively new breed. This makes them quite an expensive cat breed to purchase, with some breeders asking for up to $2,500. Aside from their high price tag, ocicats are vocal creatures who have a love for climbing, running and playing in water. It’s why they are often referred to as 'dogs in cats' fur.

If you're wondering whether your four walls could be an ocicat's forever home, stick right here. We spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who shared everything on the characteristics, temperament and health conditions of this lovable breed.

Are ocicats hypoallergenic?

“Ocicats may be hypoallergenic, as they are reported to produce less allergy-triggering Fel d1 protein than other cat breeds as well as shedding a bit less,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This doesn’t mean that they are completely allergen-free, however, and some sensitive allergy sufferers will still be triggered,” the vet adds.

That’s because, technically speaking, no cat can be classed as fully hypoallergenic as all cats produce the Fel d1 protein.

That’s why fur fans who are allergic to cats but still want to share their home withone tend to adopt hypoallergenic cat breeds, like the Balinese, Javanese, Devon Rex and now the ocicat, as they either produce less of the allergy-triggering protein and/or shed a lot less than other cats, which may reduce the amount of allergens spread by their hair.

Are ocicats rare?

Yes, Ocicats are considered a rare cat breed so finding one may be tricky.

“They are a relatively new breed, so there aren’t that many breeders around, although they are becoming more common in the US,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “This means your kitten may be an expensive one to purchase compared to many other cats.”

Are ocicat cats friendly?

You should never judge a book (or cat) by its cover because ocicats may look wild, but they have no recent wild DNA in their genetic makeup.

“They are actually friendly, playful, and outgoing cats that make great pets for the right owner,” says Dr MacMillan. “This inquisitive cat is very sociable and needs plenty of stimulation and play.”

How much grooming does an ocicat need?

Ocicats might be a type of large cat, but this independent breed requires minimal grooming due to their short fur.

“Brushing them once a week to remove any loose hairs should be enough,” states Dr MacMillan, and you should do so with one of the best cat brushes to help keep your cat mat-free and silky soft.

How much exercise does an ocicat cat need?

Due to their large and muscular body, ocicats are a fairly active breed and they will need at least 30–45 minutes of exercise each day.

“They are athletic and will need space in which to climb, run, and play,” Dr MacMillan confirms. They are also a breed that likes water, so if you have access to some outdoor space with some H₂O, they will love taking a dip.

“They can also be trained to do simple commands and tricks, which is a great way of keeping them stimulated,” Dr MacMillan says. Therefore, if you are looking for ways to be the best cat owner, teaching this cat a new trick or two will keep you in their good books.

Ocicat health problems

Ocicats are generally healthy cats, but according to Dr MacMillan there are a couple of health issues they are susceptible to, such as amyloidosis.

“Amyloidosis is an uncommon condition, but it is more prevalent in certain breeds, including Siamese, Abyssinians and ocicats,” the vet says. “In this genetic condition, abnormal amounts of protein are deposited in tissues around the body, especially the kidneys. This can affect organ function, leading to problems like kidney or liver failure.”

Dr MacMillan says ocicats can also suffer from progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is another genetic condition.

“It causes gradual vision loss, leading to blindness,” she says. “It is not curable, but responsible breeders should only mate healthy animals to avoid passing the genes for this on to future generations.”

How much does an ocicat cost?

If you are planning on buying an ocicat from a reputable breeder, you can expect to pay anywhere between $800–2,500. This is around the same price you might pay for a Siamese cat, but this is more expensive than the price of an American Shorthair, which typically costs between $500–1,500 depending on the breeder and color.

Should I get an ocicat?

Ocicats are a large breed so would perhaps suit larger homes where there is plenty of space to jump, climb and run. Due to their athletic nature, an ocicat would also suit owners who have plenty of time to spend playing and practicing training exercises with their cats.

Ocicats are also very vocal and they are considered to be one of the loudest cat breeds. Therefore, potential owners should account for this, as their home would never be quiet with an ocicat around!

Adobe all, ocicat cats enjoy spending time with their owners, so a family that doesn’t travel or work away much would also be ideal.

“Some can suffer from separation anxiety when left alone for more than a short period,” explains Dr MacMillan.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

From African dwarf frogs and fire belly toads to tiger salamanders and pacman frogs – contrary to what you might have heard, there are many amphibians that are easy to keep. Due to their need for a carefully controlled environment that mimics their natural habitat, these fascinating animals often get branded as being complicated to look after.

Of course, all pets need lots of TLC and amphibians are no different. But once you know how to get their setup right (and avoid the simple setup mistakes), their care doesn’t have to be convoluted or complex. For starters, amphibians – which are defined as small vertebrates that require a moist environment and/or water to survive – span several different species, including frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts.

To thrive in a domestic setting, these soft-skinned creatures need a vivarium or tank that's safe and sturdy, and able to be kept at the right temperature (most often with a hot side and a cooler side) and the correct humidity levels. Due to all amphibians being ectothermic (so, cold-blooded), they’ll also need an external heat source, like one of the best reptile heating pads, to help regulate their body temperature.

To uncover the amphibians that are easy to keep (making them ideal for busy pet parents), we’ve rounded up a list of our favourite 20.

Easy amphibians for beginners

1. American Green Tree frog

It wouldn’t be a list of the top easy amphibians unless we included the American Green Tree frog. Fascinating to look at, coming in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors, the humble leaper is one of the most beginner-friendly amphibians you can come across.

In the amphibian arena, they have relatively simple needs. So, along with the usual care requirements, as long as you feed them crickets, wax worms and earthworms and they have lots of places to climb to their heart’s content, these nocturnal creatures should be happy.

2. Tiger salamander

Often hailed as one of the most unusual pets, a tiger salamander might be anything but ordinary, but with a little know-how, they are one of the simplest amphibians to look after.

Of course, just like other amphibians, this tiger-printed beauty relies on external heat sources to help regulate its body temperature. And when bred in captivity, they are sociable beings, so if you intend to adopt one, bear in mind that you'll need space for two. But with their protruding eyes and wide-set mouth, which look like they are always smiling, what’s not to love?

3. Xenopus clawed frog

Known (and loved) for their charming toothless and tongueless expression, these long-living amphibians, which have been known to live for up to 25 years, are completely aquatic. This means, if you intend to keep these beauties, you’ll need to have a fully aquatic or submerged habitat for them to roam in.

They’re also one of the most fascinating creatures to look at, with their slits in their webbed feet and hands, which look like giant claws.

4. Pacman Frogs

Considered to be terrestrial amphibians, most often found in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, Pacman frogs (also called horned frogs) prefer to spend most of their time underground and in humid environments rather than in the water.

But even though these larger-than-life frogs can grow to up to 6in long, they prefer to live life in the slow lane as they’re not very active at all. Therefore, they won’t need a large enclosure to satisfy their often sedentary needs. Instead, to keep these amphibians happy, your best bet is to keep their bellies fully stocked on crickets and mealworms and ensure they have enough substrate to burrow.

5. African Dwarf frogs

Small, perfectly peaceful and low-maintenance, African Dwarf frogs join this list of amphibians that are easy to keep and for multiple reasons.

Tiny, so not taking up much room at all, living for a moderately long time (around five to seven years on average) and thriving in water, these aqua-loving amphibians are a joy to keep – but that’s if you can find them.

Coming with a brown-green appearance, in the wild, these kind croakers much prefer to blend into their surroundings rather than being the star of the underwater world. But this makes them all the more alluring! So if you’re looking for aquarium pets that aren't fish — consider an African Dwarf frog!

6. Fire-bellied toads

Just look at these multicolored beauties with their bright orange and red undersides and gorgeous green front!

Fire-bellied toads are popular among amphibian hobbyists for several reasons. The first being that they are a joy to look at. The second is that they are relatively easy to look after. And the third is that they are super-small in size (around 2in), so they are one of the best small pets for compact homes.

Plus, these toads require zero handling at all, as these semi-aquatic amphibians excrete toxins to prevent predators from eating them. Pretty, clever right?

7. Poison dart frog

Ticking all the boxes for being one of the most low-maintenance and easy-to-care-for amphibians once their right habitat has been set up, the poison dart frog is a great choice for beginner amphibian lovers and makes for one of the best first pets for children.

But don’t let their name fool you. Domestic poison dart frogs are, in fact, non-poisonous. That’s because their poison comes from their diet (such as insects like ants, mites, and millipedes) they eat when they’re in the wild. Therefore, this striking frog, which comes in a variety of vibrant colors, including red, green, blue, yellow and black, could be the ideal amphibian to share your home with.

8. Amazon Milk frog

Another beauty to add to the list. As their name suggests, the Amazon Milk frog is native to the Amazon Rainforest and they are considered to be a large species, growing anywhere between 2-4in.

Sociable, lovers of warm temperatures and high humidity levels, in the wild, they are classed as arboreal frogs (which means they spend the majority of their life in trees). So if you intend to become the very proud pet parent of an Amazon Milk frog, you’ll need an enclosure with enough height for them to climb.

9. Firebelly newts

It’s not just frogs and toads that are amphibians. Newts – like the firebelly newt – fit the bill, too.

Sometimes referred to as the Chinese firebelly newts, or the oriental firebelly newt, these striking pets are often characterized by their vibrant red-orange marking.

Considered to be aquatic as they live in bodies of water or in areas around them, these newts are active and hardy. Of course, just like other amphibians, there will be some work upfront to get their tank set up just right – as they thrive in cooler temperatures and clean water (so do read up on how to keep a tank clean), along with having access to some dry land and at least 12 hours of light.

But once this is all ticked off, they can live life right by your side for up to 30 years if cared for well.

10. Crested newts

Sturdy, robust and fairly easy to maintain, the crested newt could be another contender for your tank.

This wart-ridden charmer has a unique pattern of black spots on its orange underbelly, and it has a varied palette when it comes to their diet. For example, some will favor live foods like earthworms, shrimp, and bloodworms, while others might prefer fish food pellets.

Either way, they’ll need a body of water in which they can stretch their legs, but they’ll also yearn for some substrate where they can dry off and burrow.

11. Axolotl

Did you know you can have an axolotl as a pet? Well, that’s in some states, as these salamanders are illegal in certain places, like California, Maine, New Jersey, Washington, and Virginia. While in New Mexico and Hawaii, you’ll need a permit to keep these unique beauties.

But that said, these fairly low-maintenance amphibians, which are known best for their sweet smiles and feathery gills, are one of the more unusual pets. Remaining underwater their entire lives, so you’ll need a sturdy tank setup, these creatures are not to be handled. Once you have their housing needs sorted, they can live for up to 10 to 15 years.

12. Eastern newt

Mainly aquatic, Eastern newts are relatively easy to care for and if shown the right TLC, they can thrive in human company for 15 years (or more).

Native to the USA, Eastern newts’ habitat needs will shift between water and land, depending on their life stage. For example, they start their life underwater before moving onto land. They finally return to water as adults to breed.

Another word of warning? Eastern newts shouldn’t be handled and they are sensitive to heat. So if you’re considering making these amphibians your latest tank addition, do read up on the right care requirements to help them thrive.

13. Eastern tiger salamander

Here’s an exotic amphibian if ever there was one! In the wild, this large, robust and personable salamander is often found lurking in grassy fields, woodland areas and near bodies of water. So if you can replicate all of the above in a domestic setting, you’re onto a good thing.

Able to be kept with another tank mate, the key to living together under one roof in perfect harmony is to get this type of amphibian's humidity, light, and heat right, while ensuring there is enough food to go around. If not, eastern tiger salamanders have been known to eat each other when food sources are sparse.

14. African bullfrog

If you’re sure you can control the right humidity levels and recreate temperatures fit for an African bullfrog, then this amphibian could be your newest family member.

Known for their seemingly endless appetite, growing at up to 10 inches, it's been said that African bullfrogs can eat birds, lizards and snakes. But in captivity, these large-bodied frogs will favor invertebrates and other small vertebrates that they can fit in their mouth. So they could make for a great pet that isn't a cat or dog.

15. Australian Green Tree frog

Australian Green Tree frogs are another type of easy-to-look-after amphibian that comes with a relatively long lifespan when in captivity.

Known for reaching the grand old age of 16, if well cared for, Australian Green Tree frogs are celebrated for their loud bell-like call (so it's a wise idea not to keep their glass tank near where you sleep), sociable nature and their changing color, which can look more brown than green depending on the light, humidity and temperature in their habitat. Either way you look at it, these croakers will be fascinating to share a home with.

16. Tomato frogs

Best identified by their yellow-orange or bright red and orange coloring with black spots on their back, tomato frogs are brilliant at evading predators due to their number of defense mechanisms. For starters, they can release a toxic secretion through their skin. They can also inflate to deter predators.

But in captivity, this nocturnal species is pretty easy to look after (and keep safe). They might not need any special lighting requirements to satisfy their needs, but their tank will need to be kept at a 65–80% humidity level and set to stay at a temperature of between 65–85°F.

These loveable amphibians are also terrestrial, meaning they'll prefer to have more horizontal space (so they can burrow) instead of vertical.

17. American toad

Another toad to add to the list, this common American species comes with short legs, stout bodies, and lots of warts. Despite the common misconception, touching an American toad won't give you warts. However, these additions do play a vital role in the wild. That's because they contain glands that produce a poisonous fluid, which provides protection against predators.

Keen to keep an American toad as a pet? These semi-aquatic creatures require some fresh water, along with vegetation for cover. They'll also live happily when fed with a diet of crickets, mealworms and earthworms.

18. Southern toad

Starting out as herbivores as tadpoles and turning into carnivores as adults, this cold-blooded and smooth-skinned toad will favor a variety of terrestrial habitats – but it must be close to water.

Along with being able to eat up to 1,000 insects each day (yes, really!), this hardy toad is nocturnal, meaning it will come alive at night.

19. Gray tree frog

As their name suggests, gray tree frogs are an arboreal species that have webbed hands and feet and a penchant for climbing trees.

These large creatures will love feasting on mites, spiders, snails and slugs. And keen amphibian hobbyists will be pleased to know that, as long as you get their set-up right, these tree frogs will require very little upkeep – so they can be suitable for frog lovers who don't have bundles of spare time but still want to share their home with these fascinating critters.

20. Red eye tree frog

With their red eyes and red-tipped feet, red-eyed tree frogs are perhaps one of the most intriguing amphibians to look at and one of the wonderful but weird and unusual animals you might not have heard of before.

Living on a diet of insects, favoring damp substrate and growing to around 3 inches, this arboreal frog will need space to live, eat and climb. They will also need UVB lighting, the right heating and a water bowl as a source of freshwater.

Read next: Low-maintenance reptiles

We’re used to the idea of horses costing millions of dollars, and even some dog breeds tip over the six-figure mark. However, some exotic animals, including pet fish, can also command eye-watering prices.

Most types of expensive fish are the preserve of elite collectors and are rarely kept privately. This is not only due to their sky-high value, but their specific needs requiring intense maintenance and dedicated (and also highly costly) aquarium systems. However, wealthy and advanced hobbyists are also known to purchase pet fish that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Besides being a scaly status symbol in certain cultures, the appeal of expensive fish lies in their rarity, unusual colors and also uniqueness – much like the valuable gemstones some resemble as they flicker through the water. Pedigree comes into it, too, with certain bloodlines commanding higher prices. And, of course, such exclusivity can even be an investment – so long as you know how to nurture this precious commodity.

Prices vary, with some individuals hitting record highs, but here’s a glimpse of 20 of the most expensive pet fish in the world – with saltwater, freshwater and pond habitats – exceptional specimens will be at least four figures and most considerably higher. However, some more ordinary examples can be picked up much more cheaply.

Here’s a clue: if they’ve got platinum in their name, they’re bound to command very deep pockets, however, the record-breaker is a Kohaku Koi, with one individual selling for $1.8m in 2018.

Most expensive pet fish

1. Platinum arowana

Platinum arowanas have commanded prices as high as a jaw-dropping $400,000, and are considered the most expensive pet fish. This is on account not only of their beauty, but they are also rare – difficult to breed in captivity – and they are believed to bring luck to their owners.

Arowanas are already highly sought-after and this genetic mutation that creates their shimmering silver appearance makes them especially valuable.

2. Peppermint angelfish

These stunning candy-striped saltwater fish are something of a status symbol, being highly expensive, extremely rare and requiring specialist knowledge to keep them healthy.

In the wild they live 400ft below the surface, meaning a trained diver is required to collect them – and then both fish and collector have to decompress carefully. Very few people keep them as pets; they’re more likely to be seen in public aquariums.

3. Grand champion koi

The most expensive koi fish ever sold went for $1.8million. While there are thousands of koi born every year, a very select few are deemed to be sufficiently high quality to be classed as Grand Champions. This means they are show quality, being meticulously bred to produce vibrant, unblemished color patterns and great conformation.

You’re paying for a lifetime of koi breeding knowledge, time, effort and resource into creating a rare and exceptional specimen.

Plus, in Japan, they are associated with good fortune and prosperity.

4. Golden crossback arowana

All arowanas are believed in Asian culture to bring luck and prosperity, and their rarity ups their value even more.

The golden version is cherished for its stunning color – and is also associated with money. As gold relates to wealth, the custom is to keep a golden arowana in the office and a red one (representing happiness) in the home.

5. Polka dot stingray

These striking fish, whose natural habitat is the Brazilian River Xingu, are treasured by aquarists and collectors on account of their rarity and stunning appearance. They can cost up to $100,000.

Watch out, they have a venomous spine, though they are not considered a threat to humans.

6. Masked angelfish

With its contrasting white body and black mask, this is a striking Hawaiian reef fish. It's native deepwater habitat makes collection and breeding extremely tricky, hence the sky-high prices for this sought-after specimen.

Simple, elegant and extremely rare, this stunner could set you back $20,000.

7. Platinum alligator gar

While most alligator gars are olive or brown, the platinum version has a pigmentation disorder (leucism) that gives its bright white color, which is extremely desirable to aquarium enthusiasts as it is exceptionally rare in the wild.

Besides their unique and striking appearance, their size (around 8ft) and slow growth rate also drive up the prices as it takes time and effort to develop them.

8. Conspicuous angelfish

Also known as Rock Beauty, the “conspic” is rare and found only in a limited geographical area. This also drives up the price due to the costs of transporting them from their native remote habitats.

A further expense is their delicate natures – wild-caught specimens are tricky to acclimate and fussy eaters, while those bred in captivity still require significant time and effort. Enthusiasts believe it’s all worth it for the beauty and uniqueness of these angelfish.

9. Flowerhorn Cichlid

The jury’s out on whether these vivid hybrid fish with their bulbous foreheads are cute or just too weird. Their high cost is down to breeders selectively breeding for colors and patterns – not all turn out to be stunning, but those that are rake in the money. Plus, they are believed to be lucky.

Take care, they’re very aggressive towards any other tank mates.

10. Golden basslet

The golden basslet is a gorgeous golden color blend of yellow and tangerine, which can command figures of up to $8,000 for this tiny specimen.

It’s hard to find and collect, being a secretive little character that lives deep down in the ocean, and requires specialist diving techniques.

11. Neptune grouper

Expect to pay around $20,000 for the rarest of the grouper fish, its high cost due to its rarity and that it’s hard to collect from its deep-sea habitat as decompression techniques are essential. They are found on coral reefs 80–250m deep in the Indo-Pacific.

They’re also blessed with stunningly vivid sunset stripes that camouflage perfectly with the bright coral of its native surroundings. They are popular not only with aquarists but also in the Japanese culinary market.

12. Clarion angelfish

Export restrictions and breeding challenges have pushed up the price of this dazzling angelfish, which is popular due to its striking bright orange color with electric blue stripes.

They are a protected species in their native Mexico, and extremely rare.

13. Bladefin basslet

These torpedo-shaped red and white basslets have a prominent blade, hence the name, and a pointy snout. They are found in deep reefs in the western Atlantic.

They are highly prized by specialists thanks to their striking appearance and the difficulty in collecting them. Though only three inches long, they command huge prices, setting you back around $10,000 for one stunning little specimen!

14. Hybrid koi

Highly experienced breeders who are masters in bloodlines and fish conformation drive up the prices of their meticulously bred hybrid kois.

They have been bred specifically for their radiant, symmetrical patterns and perfect shape, with award-winning ancestry.

The breeders have spent years creating such high-quality specimens and the results command a premium.

15. Japanese dragon moray eel

What a stunner the Japanese dragon moray eel is! Their orange body with white and brown spots is mesmerising to look at, and they are strictly for expert handlers as they grow very large and are naturally aggressive.

16. Super red arowana

Like all arowanas, the super red is highly prized, much for its symbolic status, as they are believed to be lucky in Asian culture. This is further accentuated by its fiery red color, which resembles the mythical Chinese dragon.

Collectors love their shimmering scales, streamlined physique and the fact that they are considered a luxury commodity.

17. Wrought iron butterflyfish

Two things certain to drive up the price of pet fish are rarity and beauty, and the wrought-iron butterflyfish ticks both boxes.

They are exclusive to Japanese waters, and therefore are very rare in aquariums outside their homeland due to the logistical challenges of exporting them.

Looks-wise, they are stunners, with a metallic black body with a lattice pattern and yellow trim.

18. Emperor angelfish

Emperor angelfish are strikingly marked – and their captivating patterns undergo enormous change as the juvenile becomes and adult. So much so, that they were once believed to be different species!

The juveniles are dark blue with electric blue and white rings, while the adults are equally vivid in yellow and blue stripes.

Whatever their stage, these are highly sought-after and expensive fish that are challenging to breed in captivity, which drives up the prices for wild-caught specimens from the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

19. Platinum guppy

Platinum is synonymous with wealth and luxury and this unique coloring elevates the humble guppy into a rare and expensive specimen.

It’s a rare and highly sought-after gene strain which requires a lot of time, experience and effort on behalf of breeders to produce these show-quality guppies, with the right platinum coloration, specific metallic appearance and flowing fins.

You can still pick them up relatively cheaply, but if you’re after a show-grade platinum guppy, expect to pay accordingly.

20. Gem tang

Gem tangs are pricey due to their attractive spotty pattern on a jet black body, with yellow accents, alongside the difficulty in collecting and transporting them from their native Mauritius.

They are a prized addition to any saltwater aquarium, being not only beautiful but generally a peaceful tankmate – however they are likely to set you back well into four figures.

Read next: Most expensive pets in the world

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Small, sociable and very (very) chatty, you’re spoiled for choice when it comes to guinea pig facts. These cute little creatures might be a much-loved pet due to their relatively easy care needs (which makes them great low-maintenance pets). But there is so much more than meets the eye with these fur friends.

For starters, did you know that guinea pigs bear no relation to pigs? Or that they can ‘popcorn’? These herbivores also follow a strict veggie diet and you’ll most likely catch them eating non-stop due to their love for food and their forever-growing teeth.

To help you find out as much information about these captivating creatures as possible, we've rounded up all the guinea pig facts worth learning.

Facts about guinea pigs

1. They are called cavies

We might know (and love) guinea pigs by their so-called given name. But did you know these little sweet rodents are actually more formally referred to as 'cavies' or a 'domestic cavy'?

You might be wondering where they get this name from. But it’s actually a nickname for Cavia porcellus, which is a guinea pig’s proper scientific name.

2. Guinea pigs are social creatures

If you looked up guinea pig in the dictionary, you’d find it under the word ‘sociable’. That’s because these furry friends are known for being chatty little creatures who love nothing more than to chitter chatter all day (and night) long.

They’re so communicative that it really looks and sounds like they’re having a full-blown conversation with one another.

3. They aren’t actually related to pigs

This point is pretty surprising, given their name, right? While male guinea pigs are technically called ‘boars’ and females are called ‘sows’, cavies are classified as rodents, which means they aren’t part of the Suidae family, which pigs belong to.

Instead, legend has it that it’s their scientific name, Cavia porcellus, which has led to their pig-like moniker. That’s because in Latin the word ‘porcellus’ means ‘little pig’. You could also say their slight pig-like shape and sounds have also reinforced this, too.

4. They are known for popcorning

Now this has very little to do with the delectable snack often spotted in cinemas.

In the guinea pig world, popcorning refers to the act when these four-legged friends jump in the air very randomly to show how happy they are. Often likened to when a bunny binkies, this is a guinea pig's own way of showing you (and others) that they are on cloud nine. How sweet!

5. Guinea pigs aren’t from Guinea

It’s a wonder why guinea pigs go by this name at all, considering the little relevance they have to pigs and now the coastal country of Guinea.

Instead of hailing from West Africa’s Guinea, a guinea pig’s ancestors are believed to have originated from the Andes region of South America.

As to how they got this name, the jury is still out. One theory is that during the 16th century, these little creatures cost a guinea, and this name has stuck ever since.

6. They have unique toes

If you’ve ever been up close and personal with a guinea pig, you might have noticed that these rodents have three toes at the back and four toes in the front. But not all cavies are born equal.

Some Guinea pigs are polydactyly, which is a birth defect that means they could have more toes than normal. While this shouldn’t have an impact on the quality of their life, one tip for taking care of your guinea pig is to notify your vet. That's so they can check over your pet and make sure their extra pinkie isn’t causing them any pain or discomfort.

7. Their teeth never stop growing

These furry friends’ gnashers are one of the most intriguing things about guinea pigs as they have 20 open-rooted teeth, which means they’ll never stop growing.

Of course, good dental care is important for all pets – and guinea pigs are no different. Thankfully, these fur babies pretty much spend most of their lives constantly chewing so this can help them wear their teeth down and keep them at a comfortable length.

8. They make a range of noises

Whether it’s through their ‘wheeking’, purring or ‘chutting’ sounds, these social butterflies might appear standoffish or shy on the surface. But once they get to know you and feel comfortable in your presence, they’ll love conversing with you and their hutch friends.

So, if you’re lucky enough to be the very proud pet parent of a cavy, it’s well worth reading up on a guinea pig’s noises and body language so you can fully understand them.

9. They’re veggies

Another fascinating fact about guinea pigs? These pets are herbivores, which means they’ll only feed on plant-based foods.

This might sound limiting, but there are many things guinea pigs can eat to help keep their diet and nutrition on point. For example, if you’re wondering what guinea pigs eat, along with hay and grass, they’ll love digging their teeth into cucumber, kiwis and raspberries – and the same goes for carrots, parsley and baby corn. The veggie world is their oyster!

10. They like the cool

With all that fur, it’s no wonder these little piggies much prefer a cooler space to eat, sleep and play rather than a warm spot.

But the more scientific reason is that guinea pigs lack sweat glands, which means they’re unable to perspire to help cool themselves down.

Instead, it’s best to find these fur friends a cool spot inside or outside in one of the best hutches with the best bedding for guinea pigs to keep them comfortable and clean.

11. They can’t produce their own Vitamin C

Most animals can produce their own vitamin C. But, just like monkeys, guinea pigs are the only other animal that can’t do so. This means that they have to get it through their diet in order to prevent scurvy.

So, if you have a guinea pig, you should be feeding your pet vegetables that are high in this micronutrient, such as lots of spinach leaves, broccoli, kale, green peppers, and red peppers. You can also add vitamin C drops to your guinea pig’s water on a daily basis.

12. They’re active for up to 20 hours of the day

Yes, really! If you’re a dog or cat parent, you might be used to these fur babies dozing for most of the day. But guinea pigs, on the other hand, tend to sleep a whole lot less than other common household pets.

Some guinea pig parents say that their fur friend sleeps for just four to six hours a day. So instead of napping, you’ll most likely see these cute little critters eating, chewing or playing.

13. They are crepuscular

Along with needing a lot less sleep than other conventional fur friends, guinea pigs are crepuscular. This means that they are most active at dawn and dusk.

That's because guinea pigs are prey animals, which means if they’re awake during the twilight hours, they are more likely to evade predators. While domesticated guinea pigs (hopefully) need not worry about predators in your home, it's a natural habit that they still exhibit.

14. They eat their own excrement

But only if it’s the right kind! It might sound (very!) strange, but it’s common for herbivores, like guinea pigs, to be cophrophages (which means they gobble up poop). Rabbits eat their own poop, too.

To put it simply, the first round of a guinea pig’s poops are soft and called caecotrophs. This is the type of excrement they eat, as they are rich in vitamins and nutrients. While the drier poops, which they excrete after, is what guinea pig pet parents will clean up from the cage.

15. They can live for a long time

With the right care, love, diet and housing – generally speaking, guinea pigs tend to live for around seven years. But in some instances, this can be longer.

According to Guinness World Records, UK-based Snowball holds the record as the oldest guinea pig to have graced this earth, as he lived until he was ten and a half months old, before passing away in 1979.

16. Guinea pigs mark their scent

On the surface, it doesn’t seem like guinea pigs have a lot in common with cats and dogs. But what trait all three of these common pets do share is the act of marking their scent.

According to the RSPCA, guinea pigs use urine and secretions to mark out their territory, which can cover 1,500m².

17. They date back to 5,000 BCE

If, like us, you’re wondering how long these adorable balls of fluff have been roaming Earth with their presence, wonder no more.

Word has it that these precious little piggies are one of the oldest domesticated breeds on the planet, with records showing that they have lived alongside humans since 5,000 BCE!

18. They can run even when only a few hours old

Now here’s a fun fact for you! Did you know, guinea pigs can pretty much run and scamper around their cage when they are first born?

They are also born with their eyes open and a full coat of fur!

19. They can learn tricks

Guinea pigs are intelligent creatures, and without enough mental and physical stimulation, they will get bored.

This means it’s well worth investing in a large hutch, to help keep them entertained and filling it with a selection of the best guinea pig accessories, like tunnels, hammocks and balls. Or invest in one of the best rabbit runs. You could also try and teach these clever fur balls tricks, like spinning in a circle or coming when their name is called.

20. Guinea pigs create their own ‘cleaning product’

If you’ve got a guinea pig, you might have noticed that they secrete a white fluid around their eyes. While it’s tempting to wipe this liquid away, these clever creations actually use this to wash themselves with.

Read next: Interesting rabbit facts

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When it comes to tips for keeping a house clean with pets, you'll be relieved to learn that regardless of how much time you have on your hands, there are lots of simple things you can do to keep your home looking its best.

Having a pet can be such a rewarding experience. Not only do they infuse your life with joy, but they're also wonderful at providing unconditional love and companionship. Yes, there are certainly plenty of reasons to adopt a dog or cat but there are definitely some drawbacks, too.

There are lots of ways having a pet changes your life and perhaps the biggest negative is the mess they create – from muddy paw prints all over your cream carpets to piles of fur down the side of your couch, there's always plenty of cleaning up to be done when you have fur friend's in the family.

The good news is, having pets and a clean house at the same time needn't be impossible. Here's how to do it...

keeping a house clean with pets

1. Groom your pets

When it comes to keeping your house clean, regularly grooming your pets is a must. Investing in one of the best dog brushes or cat brushes and using it on your canine or kitty companion daily can help cut down on the amount of loose fur that ends up all over your floors. Plus, regular grooming sessions are also a great way to bond with your pet!

2. Vacuum regularly

While it's probably not your favorite job, vacuuming every other day when you have pets in the house can go a long way in keeping your carpets, floors and upholstery clean.

High traffic areas and soft furnishings are places where fur tends to gather quickly, so giving extra attention to this areas will help enormously when it comes to keeping pet hair to a minimum. To make your job as easy as possible, consider investing in one of the best vacuum cleaners for pet hair.

3. Invest in a good pet bed

Washable dog beds and cat beds are a lifesaver when it comes to keeping your home as clean as possible.

Your pets bed can accumulate all sorts of dirt, fur and bacteria, so washing their bed regularly can help keep it clean and hygienic. You'll also find that regular washing kills odors, which is great for ensuring your home stays smelling fresh.

4. Wash their toys and bedding frequently

Just like their beds, our pets toys and bedding are also prime breeding grounds for germs, which can quickly spread around your home and potentially lead to illness and poor health.

These items can get dirty quickly, so investing in washable toys (or ones that can be wiped down easily) can remove any harmful bacteria. When it comes to your pet's bedding, washing this regularly is important, too – however, cats in particular like to be able to detect their scent on their favorite items, so it's always best to wash bedding one at a time to ensure they always have a blanket with their scent on it.

5. Keep pets off your furniture

We know, there's nothing better than having your dog or cat curled up next to you on the couch. Sadly, a lot of furniture does a great job of acting as a trap for pet hair, which means you can quickly end up with a lot of fur down the sides of your couch and all over the cushions.

For that reason, it's worth restricting your pet's access to your furniture to help keep your home clean. If you can't bear to do that, check out our guide to how to get dog hair off your couch – it works equally well for cat fur, too!

6. Don't let them share your bed

It can make you feel so safe and secure, but there are lots of reasons why you shouldn't sleep with your dog or cat. Firstly, there's the risk of parasites. Thankfully, this shouldn't be a problem if you're vigilant about keeping on top of your pet's flea prevention treatment – but if you're prone to forgetting from time to time, your fur friend could easily bring fleas into your bed.

Aside from fleas, our pets also collect all sorts of germs and dirt in their paws and fur, which can end up finding its way onto your sheets. Making your bed a no-go zone can help to keep your bed clean and ensure you stay healthy.

7. Wipe their paws after they've been outside

There's nothing worse than finding muddy paw prints all over your sparkling hardwood floors, white tiles or heaven forbid – cream carpets!

To maintain a clean house with pets, always wipe your fur friend's paws before they come back inside. This will help prevent them from tracking dirt, debris, leaves, and other grime through your house and will minimize the need for frequent cleaning.

8. Upgrade your upholstery

If curling up on your couch with your pet is really important to you, then it's time to upgrade your upholstery. The wrong material acts as a magnet, attracting pet hair and helping it stick in exactly the places you don't want to.

The right material, however, repels pet hair so you can easily brush it off and vacuum it up. Leather or another tightly woven upholstery will make your life a whole lot easier.

9. React quickly to accidents

Whether you're in the middle of potty training a puppy, litter training a kitten, or you have a senior dog who can't always make it through the night without the toilet, life with a pet involves accidents from time to time.

When your fur friend does their business in the house, be sure to react quickly and use an enzyme-based cleaner to get rid of the smell.

10. Use an air purifier

Struggling to keep the air clean and fresh in your home? Investing in an air purifier could be a great way to go. Air purifiers with HEPA filters don't just get rid of all those stinky odors, they also remove any allergens or dander from the air which can help to create a much healthier living environment.

An added bonus of an air purifier is that because it's removing dirt from the air, you'll find that it's not settling on the surfaces in your home as much, which means less frequent cleaning.

11. Decorate with dark colors

There are certain areas of a home that have a tendency to accumulate grime where pets are concerned – lower cabinets and walls are particular magnets for dirt, hair and smudges as these are the places cats and dogs tend to rub up against. The solution? Using dark colors when you decorate.

Painting kitchen cabinets a dark green or blue can work wonders for making marks a lot harder to spot. You'll still need to clean, of course, but no where near as frequently as if you have white or cream-colored cabinets and walls.

12. Replace curtains with blinds

There's no denying it – curtains can add a real warmth and coziness to a room, particularly in the winter. Unfortunately, they're also often the target of mischievous pets! Dogs will often wind their way in and out of curtains, leaving a trail of grime behind them and don't even get us started on how much cats like clawing their way to the top.

Both of these activities can quickly lead your curtains to become dirty and discoloured, not to mention covered in pet hair. Blinds aren't as attractive to our fur friends, they won't harbor bad odors and they don't fade over time, so they can be a really attractive alternative to curtains if you have pets in your home.

13. Create off-limits areas for your pets

Making certain areas of your home pet-free zones can be really helpful as it confines the mess to certain areas and lets you know which parts of the house to focus your cleaning efforts on.

The easiest way to do this is by using a baby gate – simply attach this to the stairs or door of a room and it prevents your pet from having access to that particular area.

14. Air out your home regularly

Airing your home out regularly is a must when you have pets in the family – after all, there's nothing like the smell of wet dog or a cat's dirty litter box to ruin a good social gathering. During the summer months, airing out your home is much easier, so you may decide to leave your windows open whenever you're home.

During the colder months, it's not quite so pleasant, so we recommend airing your home out in short 10 minute bursts to keep as much of the warm air in as possible.

15. Invest in throws and rugs

Not only can washable throws and rugs breathe new life into a room, but they can also stop your pet's fur from gathering in your upholstery and prevent muddy paw marks on your floors or tiles.

Place rugs at entry points to your home and on hardwood floors in your living room to offer your pet a cozy alternative to the furniture. If you'd like them to be able to join you on the couch or your bed, throws can help trap any pet hair.

16. Use a placemat under food bowls

Even if you've invested in the best cat food bowl or dog bowl that money can buy, chances are you still find your pet's kibble on the floor from time to time. Food stations are high traffic areas with lots of munching and slurping going on – and this isn't always done in a tidy fashion!

To help make cleaning up easier, consider popping a wipeable placemat under your pet's bowls, this will ensure tidying up their food station a piece of cake.

17. Bathe your dog often

While you want to avoid using dog shampoo too often as this can strip your dog's coat of the natural oils needed to keep it looking healthy, a quick bath with plain water will help remove any mud and dirt from your pup's coat.

And you don't need us to tell you that dirt removed through a bath is dirt you're not going to have to clean up later around your house.

18. Clean out your cat's litter box each day

Unless you have an automatic cat litter box to do the job for you, chances are you're the one scooping and disposing of your cat's poop. Even with a really good litter, the smell of your cat's poop can quickly infiltrate a room and leave people running for cover.

Scooping out their litter box every day and adding in some fresh litter will do a good job of keeping odors at bay.

19. Have the right cleaning supplies on hand

When it comes to keeping your house clean when you have dogs and cats around, one of the best weapons at your disposal is a cupboard stocked with effective and pet-safe cleaning products.

Things like baking soda, vinegar, organic detergents and enzyme-based cleaners will all do a really good job of tackling a range of different messes, from toileting accidents to dirt and grime.

20. Always have a lint roller on standby

Believe it or not, lint rollers aren't just for clothing. They're also super effective at removing pet hair from your upholstery, curtains, kitchen table and even your car. Roll them over any surface and you'll be amazed at how much fur and dirt these little beauties are able to get rid of.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Is there a lull in conversation at the barn? Need something to break the ice at a competition? Or, perhaps a horse-loving friend or colleague could do with a giggle (or a groan?). Sounds like you need some hilarious equine jokes in your life.

Horses' joy-inspiring capabilities know no bounds. From offering a friendly whinny to pulling funny faces, it’s as if they know they’re making us smile.

On the flip side, as any horse owner will tell you, they can find ways to be intensely frustrating. They break things, self-inflict injuries in the most creative ways and regularly come in from the pasture wearing fewer shoes than they went out with, which makes you wonder: “why do horses wear shoes in the first place?”

With that in mind, it’s easy to see why horse folk need a sense of humor and, thankfully, there’s no shortage of horse-related humor and pony puns in the world. So, what are the best equine jokes? Here’s a list of our favorites. Be warned, though – some of these equine jokes are more likely to elicit an eyeroll than a guffaw!

Best equine jokes

1. A horse walks into a bar...

“Ouch!” says the horse.

2. A horse walks into a bar...

“Hey,” says the barman.

“You read my mind,” replies the horse.

3. A couple of racehorses were chatting in a barn...

One starts to brag about his track record. “In my last 15 races, I’ve won eight!”

“Not bad,” concedes the other. “But get this. In the last 27 races, I’ve won 19!”

At this point, a greyhound who’d been sitting and quietly listening pipes up: “I don’t mean to boast, but in my last 70 races, I’ve won 68 of them.”

The horses’ mouths drop open; they are clearly amazed. “Wow!” says the first one, “a talking dog!”

4. What’s a horse’s favorite wine?

Chardon-neigh!

5. A man and his talking pony have a booth at the county fair...

A young girl walks up to the booth and pays the man a quarter to hear the pony speak.

“Hi, what’s your name?” she asks the pony.

The pony says nothing.

“Excuse me, I asked you for your name,” repeats the girl.

Still, the pony is silent.

“HELLO!” she says, frustrated, “Can you understand me?”

The pony doesn’t reply.

“You’re a liar. This pony can’t speak at all!” says the girl to the man.

“Oh, he can speak alright,” he replies, “but right now, he’s just a little hoarse.”

6. What did the mare say when her foal came back after curfew?

“It’s pasture bedtime!”

7. Why do cowboys ride horses?

Because they’re too heavy to carry.

8. A cowboy buys a horse from a pastor...

Before he takes the horse away, the pastor explains: “when you want him to go, you gotta shout ‘thank God!’, and when you want him to stop, you gotta yell, ‘hallelujah!’

The cowboy thanks the pastor and rides off. Things are going well until the horse, spooked by a rattlesnake, takes off towards a cliff at speed.

For the life of him, the cowboy can’t remember how to get the horse to stop. “Amen!” he shouts, “Hosanna! Err, hallelujah!”

The horse grinds to a halt just in the nick of time. Relieved, the cowboy wipes the sweat from his brow. “Phew!” he says, “thank God!”

9. What’s a horse’s favorite store?

Barnes & Noble!

10. I but a bet on a horse to come in at 10 to 1, and it did!

Unfortunately, all the others came in at 12.30.

11. When does a horse talk?

Whinny wants to!

12. Have you heard the one about the runaway horse?

It’s a terrible tale of WHOA!

13. A jockey buys the cheapest racehorse he could find...

He’s walking it down the road when he bumps into a friend.

“What are you planning on doing with that nag?” says the friend.

“Race it,” replies the jockey.

“Well, by the looks of it,” laughs his friend, “you’ll probably win!”

14. What do you give a sick horse?

Cough stirrup!

15. What’s the hardest thing about learning to horseback ride?

The ground!

16. Why do you never see horses using Android phones?

They prefer Apples!

17. Where do equestrian newlyweds stay?

The bridle suite!

18. Why did the man stand behind the horse?

He was hoping to get a kick out of it!

19. A horse walks into a movie theater and takes his seat...

The woman next to him asks: “Excuse me, are you a horse?”

“Why yes, I am,” the horse replies.

“I don’t mean to be rude,” the woman continues, “but what on earth are you doing here?”

The horse says: “I really liked the book.”

20. One of my friends is half horse...

He’s the life of the party – always the centaur of attention!

Read next: Hilarious animal jokes

Want to check out the most stunning black cat breeds? This is the place for you – we've rounded up eight breeds that are downright beautiful, and can be celebrated on National Black Cat day, too.

Black cat breeds

1. Bombay

Bombay cats are often called 'Velcro cats' as they love nothing more than being close to their pet parents. This is a very intelligent breed and will need plenty of mental stimulation to keep from getting bored – think puzzle feeders and interactive cat toys.

This is a generally healthy breed and doesn't require a lot in terms of exercise. Around 30 minutes daily will be enough, which can be broken up into short sessions throughout the day. Interestingly, the Bombay is the only cat breed that is always black – and they are also one of the rarest cat breeds.

2. British Shorthair

British Shorthairs are friendly and affectionate cats. They are a very independent cat breed and have a laid-back attitude. These cats have thick, dense coats that need weekly grooming to keep mats away.

If you're thinking of getting a British Shorthair, you'll need to set aside $1,500-3,000 and know that they are one of the most popular breeds in the US.

3. Persian

Persian cats are not just gorgeous felines but make excellent companions. You'll never run out of reasons to love Persians, but one of our favorites is their super sweet and loving nature. They enjoy spending time close to their pet parents and are always up for a snuggle session.

Persians can live between 12-15 years, making them one of the longest living cat breeds. They can be prone to some health issues, and they are a brachyephalic breed, which can cause problems with breathing.

4. Maine Coon

Maine Coons are one of the largest cat breeds. These giants can weigh between 18–22lbs and are around 4ft long. But don't be intimidated by their size, they are the gentle giants of the cat world.

They have a very sweet disposition and are extremely friendly cats. Due to this, they are one of the best cat breeds for families. Maine Coons are adventurous cats, so they will need around 30 minutes of playtime each day.

5. Scottish Fold

Scottish Folds are some of the most popular breeds around. Just ask Taylor Swift, who is cat mom to two Scottish Folds. One surprising fact about Scottish Fold cats, is that not all kittens are born with characteristic folded ears. Only about 50% of kittens are born with this mutation.

These cats bond closely with their pet parents, and one of the cat breeds most likely to suffer from separation anxiety. So be prepared to spend plenty of quality time with them. If you think your cat is struggling with separation anxiety, be sure to check out our vet's guide on how to help them through it.

6. Devon Rex

One of the most playful cat breeds around, the Devon Rex has endless bounds of energy. You will definitely need to stock up on plenty of cat toys, scratching posts, and cat trees to keep them busy.

If you're looking for a low-maintenance cat, then this is a breed worth considering. They require minimal grooming, thanks to their curly coats, and are happy to play by themselves or with their pet parents.

Devon Rex cats are often confused with the Cornish Rex, but if you take a close look at their features, you'll see that the Devon Rex has a more elf-like appearance.

7. Cornish Rex

Cornish Rex cats are another curly haired breed that need minimum grooming. They are striking in looks and even more high energy than the Devon Rex. They are very athletic cats and are known for being able to jump up to eight feet high.

Another interesting fact about the Cornish Rex is that they are one of the cat breeds that like water, so don't be surprised if you find them trying to splash around in the bath with you.

Their love for adventure doesn't end with water. This breed loves being outdoors. So it may be worth installing an outdoor cat enclosure so they can enjoy the outdoors safely.

8. Sphynx

One of the most unusual-looking cat breeds is the sphynx cat. This hairless cat is a fan among allergy sufferers, as it's considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

One thing you need to know about Sphynx cats is that they love being the center of attention. They have some of the biggest meows around and are not afraid of being vocal.

This breed is also highly intelligent, so it will need plenty of mental stimulation to keep it from getting bored.

Enjoyed this feature? Check out white cat breeds that will melt your heart

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Curious what the best pet birds for beginners are? You've come to the right place! This list should give you some ideas and help you choose the right bird for you.

Before adopting a beaked buddy, there are several things to consider. Alongside investing in the best bird cage, you'll want to consider how noisy each species is, how much attention they require and what sort of time commitment you're getting into – spoiler alert: some birds can live for 60 years in captivity!

Taking care of pet birds is much the same as taking care of any other pet. Just like dogs and cats, they require plenty of physical and mental enrichment, a healthy diet and lots of love and affection in order to thrive.

If you've been thinking about getting a pet bird but aren't quite sure where to begin, we've got you covered. Below, you'll find the best pet birds for beginners from the petite parrotlet to the rather huge hyacinth macaw.

Best pet birds for beginners

1. Canary

Canaries make fantastic beginner birds thanks to their delightful demeanour and sweet, melodious song. Small and easy to care for, the canary doesn't require constant interaction and is quite happy in their own space.

Native to the Canary Islands, these little birds come in over 200 different varieties with yellow canaries in particular being popular pets. Their cage should be long with lots of vertical space to allow them to fly and it should be covered at night to create enough darkness to enable them to sleep.

Canaries enjoy being around people but do not like heavy handling, and because they're solitary birds, they should be housed alone.

2. Parrotlet

The smallest of the parrot species, the parrotlet may be tiny but they come packed with personality. There are lots of different types of parrotlets and they can be great first birds for families with children given how active they are.

Because they're not overly loud or squawky, they're also a good choice if you live in an apartment or home with neighbors in close proximity. While they don't talk as much as larger parrots, parrotlets can be taught a few basic words and they tend to be both affectionate and playful.

Training is essential with these birds to prevent them from becoming territorial around their cage, and while they prefer to live in opposite sex pairs, if you want to bond deeply with your parrotlet, consider getting just one.

3. Budgerigar

The most popular bird in the United States, the budgie is a small and affectionate parrot who comes in many shades of blue, yellow, green and white with black speckling.

Budgies are extremely friendly and affectionate birds and with a little bit of training, they can learn to talk – with many having broader vocabularies than the cockatoo.

There are lots of things birds can eat other than bird food, which is just as well as budgies like a varied diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

With the right care, budgies can live for up to 15 years and because they're flock birds who enjoy companionship, it's worth getting more than one unless you have plenty of time to devote to interacting with them.

4. Dove

If you've never owned a bird before, the sweet-natured dove is a brilliant first choice. Considered a symbol of peace in many cultures, this graceful and calm bird rarely nips or bites and their tranquil temperament makes them a wonderful addition to families with children.

Relatively quiet except for gentle cooing sounds, doves have simple care needs and are non-demanding. While they are affectionate and bond with their owners, they don't require lots of one-on-one interaction provided they have other doves for company.

5. Cockatiel

Gentle-natured birds who bond with their owners, cockatiels are intelligent, social and affectionate. As long as they've been socialized well from a young age, they'll be more than happy to be handled and most will live for up to 25 years with the right care.

Cockatiels like to play, so you'll want to make sure they have plenty of toys in their cage – especially those that encourage foraging and chewing. It's also worth noting that these birds have very sensitive respiratory systems, so they must be kept away from products that emit toxic fumes, such as candles and aerosol sprays.

6. Green-cheeked conure

A popular parrot due to their small size, the green-cheeked conure is a beautiful bird with a playful, curious and intelligent nature. While they're easy to care for and therefore a good choice for beginners, they're best suited to owners who are home a lot as they require a lot of attention and interaction in order to stay happy and healthy.

Mischievous and engaging, they make delightfully lively pets but are easygoing and quiet enough to make them suitable for families. Green-cheeked conures can be trained to do tricks and while they don't usually talk, they enjoy being part of all aspects of their humans lives.

7. Hahn's Macaw

The Hahn's Macaw is a charming bird that's easy to tame and is a good option if you'd like to have a parrot but would like one with a manageable temperament. Native to north-eastern South America, they're the smallest of the macaws and are known for their bold, fun and active nature.

Compact and playful, they're a joy to train and they typically form very solid bonds with their owners. Gentle birds who aren't prone to nipping or biting, the Hahn's Macaw is a sweet bird but it's worth noting that they can be very noisy, so they're not suitable for apartment living.

8. Eclectus parrot

Looking for a family-oriented bird with a calm temperament? The eclectus parrot may well be the feathered friend for you. An eye-catching beauty thanks to their boldly colored plumage, these birds are charming, intelligent and can live for up to 50 years with the right care.

Originating in the tropical rainforests of the Solomon Islands, the eclectus parrot is gentle, tranquil and known for its caring nature. Sensitive souls who thrive on spending time with their owners, they do not do well if they feel neglected and can become stressed without regular interaction. Quick to learn, you can train them to talk and do tricks and their unique honk is sure to keep you amused.

9. Lovebird

Lovebirds come in every color you can think of, so owning a few of these beauties is sure to brighten up your home. Chatty and active birds who need lots of attention, when handled frequently they tend to bond deeply with their humans and enjoy cuddling.

Lovebirds require lots of exercise to keep them happy, so if you're after a bird you can let roam around the house each day, a lovebird would be a good option. They're typically best kept in pairs unless you have a lot of time each day to interact with them and while not known for being big talkers, they do communicate with whistles and chirps.

10. Hyacinth macaw

A cobalt blue beauty with a splash of yellow around the eyes and mouth, the striking hyacinth macaw is a parrot native to central and eastern South America. It is the largest macaw and the largest flying parrot species, so you'll want to make sure you have a very large commercial cage if you plan to welcome one of these birds in to your life.

A playful and affectionate bird, the hyacinth macaw loves to cuddle and is known for being gentle, so they're a good choice if you're after a feathered friend you can build a strong connection with. However, given that they can live for 50 years, you'll want to consider the lengthy commitment before adopting one.

11. African Grey parrot

African Grey parrots are beautiful and intelligent birds who typically choose one human to devote themselves to. They become remarkably adept at reading this person's emotions and remain attuned to them throughout their life.

These birds love to talk and mimic sounds, so if you plan on adopting one, expect plenty of chatter in your home. Known as the Einsteins of the bird world because of how smart they are, African Greys need lots of physical and mental stimulation to keep them healthy.

12. Finch

Finches are known for being robust, adaptable and easy to care for, so they're a great bird for beginners. Small songbirds that can be found in flocks all over the world, finches are social creatures who enjoy spending time with each other.

While not fond of being handled by humans, if you hand raise them they can be trained to sit on your hand during feeding time, but other than that, they're more of a bird to enjoy watching as opposed to actively interacting with.

Finches have a very pleasant sound and with the right care they can live for between five and 10 years.

13. Bourke’s Parakeet

Bourke's Parakeets are hardy birds that make wonderful companions for first-time bird owners. Calm and relatively quiet, they're great for apartment-dwellers and don't need lots of space.

Native to Australia, Bourke's parakeets are incredibly good-natured and they make very gentle pets when hand-fed as babies. Peaceful and passive, if you'd like to keep a variety of birds they get along beautifully with doves, finches and other small parakeets.

Mellow in both vocalization and attitude, they are most active at dawn and dusk and tend to be fairly chilled out the rest of the day.

14. Pionus parrot

Considered the best kept secret of the bird world, the pionus parrot has all the fabulous traits of a parrot with none of the drawbacks. Native to central and South America, they are quiet and easygoing birds and while not a total love-sponge, they are certainly affectionate with their humans.

Pionus parrots enjoy spending time with their owners and giving them plenty of attention will ensure they grow up to become a wonderful companion. If properly cared for, these birds can live anywhere between 25–40 years, so they're well suited to people looking for a long-lived feathered friend.

15. Amazon Parrot

An intelligent and sociable bird that can live for up to 60 years, the Amazon Parrot is a medium to large sized bird with a playful and clownish nature that's sure to keep you both entertained and amused.

Curious and athletic, Amazon Parrots are usually very comfortable with being handled as long as they've been hand-raised from a young age. Very loving, they need several hours of interaction with their humans each day to prevent them from becoming bored, depressed and destructive so letting them out of their cage and giving them free access to the house during the day will be very much appreciated.

16. Lineolated parakeet

Lineolated parakeets are gentle birds who are known for having an easygoing and calm temperament. Relatively quiet considering they're a parrot, these little birds are mild-mannered, mellow and communicate in mumbles and murmurs rather than lots of loud squawking.

Rather comically, these birds really like to walk, so much so that they'll often choose that over flying and the fact that they strut about with their bodies almost parallel to the ground is a very sweet sight to observe.

Lineolated parakeets love to play in water, so giving them access to this each day will offer them one of their favorite sources of enrichment.

17. Meyer's parrot

Funny, playful and highly intelligent, Meyer's parrots are gentle birds who love to socialize with their human family. Calm and affectionate, they're relatively quiet and undemanding as far as parrots go and are typically easygoing with a stable temperament.

While they form bonds with all of the people in their life, they don't need to be the center of attention all the time and are quite happy to sit on their perch and watch all of the household activity when people are too busy to amuse them.

While not big cuddle bugs, they are content to be handled and a good head and neck scratch will win you some serious brownie points.

18. Quaker parrot

The Quaker parrot (also known as the monk parakeet) is a small bird loved for their charming and comical personality. If you want all the fun of a large parrot but in a much tinier package, the quaker parrot is well worth considering.

Found in a small part of South America, these birds are the only parrots that build nests and they'll often build them next to each other to create Quaker communities.

Confident, bold and social, they enjoy being the center of attention but their devoted nature means they typically bond deeply with just one human.

19. Crimson-bellied conure

Known for being delightfully silly and oh-so-cuddly, the crimson-bellied conure is an affectionate little parrot with an incredibly sweet nature. Real feathered charmers, they are striking birds to look at and are generally quiet.

Fun and friendly, they love to snuggle up with their owners and are a brilliant choice if you're looking for a laid-back companion. While not as quick to learn as some other birds, the crimson-bellied conure can still be taught tricks and their daily goofy antics are guaranteed to keep a smile on your face.

20. Plum-headed parakeet

A medium-sized parrot of breathtaking beauty, the plum-headed parakeet is a real showstopper of a bird. Native to South Asia where they live in woodlands and forests, the plum-headed parakeet needs plenty of human interaction but is less demanding than many other parrot species.

Gentle, affectionate and social, they love spending time with their favorite humans but can be standoffish with strangers. As long as they're hand-fed as babies, these birds tend to be very tame and will form strong bonds with their owners.

Plum-headed parakeets aren't cuddlers, but they do like to sit on their humans shoulders and chat away.

Read next: Quietest pet birds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Originating from Burma, which is now known as Myanmar, the silky soft Burmese cat resulted from a cross between a female cat named Wong Mau and an American Siamese.

Dating back to the 1930s, most Burmese cats tend to be brown or chocolate brown in color (although you can find them in blue, red and two-tone variations) and despite the difference in their coloring, a Burmese is most often likened to a Bombay – and for good reason. Along with sharing dog-like tendencies, being very vocal and playful, just like a Bombay, a Burmese is also a very affectionate and attention-demanding family cat.

Of course, choosing a new furry family member is no mean feat. To help you understand this breed and find more information about their personality, traits and grooming needs, we spoke to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillian.

Are Burmese Cats hypoallergenic?

According to Dr MacMillan, Burmese cats are labelled as hypoallergenic because they are thought to produce lower levels of ‘Fel D1’ than other breeds of cats. This is the protein in a cat’s saliva and urine that triggers allergies in those susceptible to reactions.

“They also shed less hair than other breeds, meaning less of the protein gets into the environment,” Dr MacMillan adds. “However, this doesn’t mean that they don’t shed altogether, and sensitive allergy sufferers could still be affected.”

Therefore, if you are allergy-prone and thinking of adopting a Burmese, it’s well worth spending some time around this cat to see whether this breed triggers your allergies. For more information on hypoallergenic cat breeds for allergy sufferers, we’ve pulled together an expert-led guide. We’ve also compiled a list of the non-shedding cats.

If you’re unsure if you’re allergic to cats, these are the symptoms to look out for.

How long do Burmese cats live?

How long a cat lives for will depend on a variety of factors. For example, the breed and environment are just two components that will affect their lifespan.

That said, in general, the average life expectancy of a crossbreed cat is around 14 years. While purebred cats live shorter lives, with an average of 12.5 years.

Burmese cats are a crossbreed, and they are considered a healthy breed. Therefore, with the right care, they can live for anywhere between 15 to 20 years, which makes them one of the longest living cat breeds.

“Some may even go into their 20s,” explains Dr MacMillian.

Are Burmese cats friendly?

Yes! These lovable creatures are one of the friendliest cat breeds you’ll come across. Always up for a cuddle (or three!), Burmese cats are people purrr-sons who will want to spend as much time with their owners as possible.

“These cats are known for their friendly and affectionate natures,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “They are very sociable and can even be trained to do simple tricks,” the vet adds. “Their easy-going nature means that they often get along with other pets and children, provided they have had the right socialization and introductions.”

At first, figuring out how to socialize a kitten may feel daunting. But the process isn’t as complicated as it might seem. Plus, it will help your kitty master the skills and behaviors they need to thrive.

How much grooming does a Burmese cat need?

These short-haired cats have sleek coats that are relatively easy to care for.

“Brushing them once a week should be enough to keep their coat in order,” Dr MacMillan says.

How much exercise does a Burmese cat need?

A Burmese kitty is classed as a high-energy breed that will want to play with you all the time. So you’ll want to learn how to play with a cat if you’re adopting this breed, as they will thrive off playing with their humans.

Exercise-wise, a Burmese cat will need at least 30 minutes of exercise per day, which can be broken down into shorter play sessions.

“These cats are quite energetic and playful,” explains Dr MacMillan. “So make sure to provide them with plenty of toys and climbing options.”

For example, the best cat toys are real boredom busters and will keep your Burmese mentally stimulated and physically fit. While the best automated cat toys will give your kitty something to play with even if you’re not around.

And for cats who love to climb – like the Burmese – the best cat trees will help your kitty survey the world up high.

Burmese cat health problems

Despite a Burmese cat having a long lifespan, Dr MacMillan says that this breed is susceptible to diabetes.

To prevent this from happening, Dr MacMillan advises: “Maintaining a healthy body weight and encouraging physical activity will help to reduce the risk of their Burmese developing this problem.”

It’s also worth watching out for the signs of diabetes in cats, which include increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and muscle weakness.

“If an owner notices these signs, then they should take their cat to be checked over by a vet as soon as possible,” the vet adds.

Calcium oxalate bladder stones are another health problem that can occur in some Burmese cats, which could require surgery and a change of diet to resolve.

“To help prevent bladder stones, owners should encourage increased water intake by feeding a wet diet, adding water to their existing food, providing plenty of water bowls, or considering the use of a cat drinking fountain,” the veterinarian adds.

How much does a Burmese cat cost?

How much you pay out for a Burmese will depend on a few things. For example, the state you’re in and the breeder you choose will all hinge on how much your kitty will cost.

But generally speaking, an average Burmese cat can cost anywhere between $600–1,000, which makes them a relatively affordable kitty that's similar in price to a Burmilla and Cornish Rex cat, but much cheaper than a Bombay.

Should I get a Burmese cat?

This depends on a few things. For starters, Burmese cats are highly sociable creatures who thrive when they’re in human company. So they wouldn’t like being left alone for long periods of time – Burmese cats are best suited to owners who are around a lot.

“A family or owner that could spend plenty of time playing and training their cat would be ideal,” highlights Dr MacMillan. “Because these cats thrive on companionship, some can develop separation anxiety when they do have to be left on their own.”

Of course, no cat owner would be expected to wait hand and foot on their feline for 24 hours a day. So if you are prone to nipping in and out of the house, puzzle feeders and toys are a great way to keep these cats busy while you are gone.

According to Dr MacMillan, a Burmese cat could also be suitable for homes that are wishing for two fur friends.

“Potential owners could also consider adopting two kittens that grow up together,” the vet adds.

Read next: Reasons to love Burmese cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Picking peaceful fish for a community tank can seem a bit daunting to begin with – after all, with so many different species to choose from, how on earth are you supposed to figure out which fish can live happily with each other?

Thankfully, we've got you covered in this guide with some tranquil species that will live in harmony with one another. Once you've chosen the best fish tank, the list below will help you fill it with calm species that will co-habit well with one another.

All of these beautiful freshwater fish and tropical fish make great pets, however it's worth noting that many of these species thrive in schools, so you'll want to keep at least three to five of each type. And of course, before you add any fish into your community tank, be sure to research each species well to ensure you meet their environmental needs.

Fish for a community tank

1. White cloud mountain minnow

A small and colorful freshwater and coldwater fish, the white cloud mountain minnow is a hardy species that's tranquil in nature and easy to breed. Native to China, Hong Kong and Vietnam, these fish like to be kept in groups of six or more so they can show off their shoaling behaviors.

The white cloud mountain minnow likes to be kept in aquariums that have a large open swimming area in the middle and plenty of plants to the sides and back and while they need to be kept with other peaceful species, avoid housing them with goldfish as the poor white cloud mountain minnow will quickly become their snack of choice!

2. Diamond tetra

The diamond tetra is a peaceful shoaling species that likes to be kept in groups of six or more in a mature community aquarium. Darker decor will show off their gorgeous glittery appearance with these striking fish sure to be the talking point of your tank.

Open swimming spaces mixed with plant cover will keep this species happy and because they're very sensitive to nitrates, keeping the water pristine is a must for their health and wellbeing.

3. Honey gourami

Shy, quiet and calm, the honey gourami are extremely hardy making them very easy to care for. Because of their reserved nature, they like community tanks with lots of plants so they can hide away when they feel the need to be on their own and they do best with a gentle flow rate.

Native to Bangladesh and India, this brightly colored species likes a varied diet and it's best to keep them in groups where females outnumber males to prevent them from being frequently harassed by amorous males looking to spawn.

4. Zebra danio

The zebra danio is an attractive and highly active fish that's incredibly durable and easy to care for. Thriving in a range of different water temperatures, these peaceful fish are prolific breeders who can spawn every few days, so be prepared to have lots of these little creatures on your hands in you add a few zebra danios to your tank.

While they are very chilled out and make a great addition to community tanks, it's worth avoiding pairing them with any species that has long-flowing fins as these high-energy fish are prone to nipping.

5. Pictus catfish

A tranquil, nocturnal fish native to South America, the pictus catfish is an attractive species with black and white spots and whiskers that can run the length of their body. Measuring around five to six inches with a lifespan of between four to eight years, the pictus catfish is a bottom-dwelling species who likes dim lightening and plenty of places that they can hide during the day.

They enjoy shoaling, so keeping them in groups is ideal, and they do best with fish who are calm and won't bother them when they're hiding.

6. Harlequin rasbora

Harlequin rasboras are stunning fish native to Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Thailand. Easy to care for, large schools of these fish will create a stunning display in your aquarium, but at the very least they need to be kept in groups of eight to let them engage in the shoaling behaviors they love.

Measuring just 1.75 inches, they need to be kept with species of a similar size to prevent them from being eaten and their home should be well planted to offer them plenty of places to hide.

7. Neon tetra

A chilled out little fish that gets on well with other peaceful species, the vibrant neon tetra hails from the Amazon basin and loves soft, acidic and stable water conditions.

Because they're a shoaling fish, they need to be kept in groups in a well furnished aquarium with plenty of dense vegetation and driftwood, and it's recommended you house them in a 20-gallon tank so that they don't feel too cramped.

8. Cory catfish

Looking for fish that clean the tank? The peaceful, bottom-feeding cory catfish is a great option. These scavengers do a brilliant job of gobbling up any uneaten food that finds its way to the bottom of the tank and their non-aggressive temperament makes them a fantastic choice for community tanks.

Native to South America, they are a pleasant species that's hardy an easy to care for, so if you're looking for a low-maintenance fish who won't cause you any stress, the cory catfish is a great choice.

9. Guppy

One of the most popular freshwater aquarium species, the guppy is a great fish for first-time owners as they have a mild temperament and are easy to care for. Available in a range of different varieties, guppies are highly social fish and must be kept in groups.

Guppies can leap up to seven times the length of their bodies, so you'll want a tank that has a very tight fitting lid so that they don't escape and they prefer large aquariums with lots of plants as they're very active.

10. Bristlenose pleco

Growing to just five inches, the bristlenose pleco is one of the smallest catfish but don't let their petite size fool you – these powerful algae eaters will do a brilliant job of keeping your tank looking pristine. A unique looking creature thanks to their bristled snout, this species has a peaceful and sociable nature that makes them a great addition to community tanks.

These fish do best in tanks that are 20 gallons or larger but they can handle a wide range of water conditions, which makes them a flexible option. Because they're bottom-dwellers, be sure to provide them with plenty of driftwood, plants and caves that they can hide out in during the day as they do most of their feeding at night.

11. Clown loach

An entertaining shoaling fish with a striking orange and black striped body and red fins, the active clown loach is native to waters of Indonesia and has a peaceful nature that enables it to co-exist with a wide range of species.

Energetic and engaging to watch, the clown loach is around 12 inches long and can live for up to 25 years. These fish like to be kept in groups, so having at least four of them is advised and they don't like bright lights, so subdued lightning with plenty of plants, rocks, and caves that they can hide in will be much appreciated.

12. Swordtail

Looking for a beginner-friendly fish? The swordtail is a great choice. Compatible with a range of different environments and tank mates, these livebearing fish are extremely hardy and easy to care for.

Swordtails like fast-flowing habitats with cooler water and higher oxygen levels, plus plenty of dense vegetation and floating plants for hiding and spawning. While peaceful with other fish, males can become aggressive towards each other if there are not enough females, so make sure you keep a 3:1 ratio of females to males to prevent this.

13. Celestial pearl danio

Celestial pearl danios are gorgeous fish that will make a show-stopping addition to your community tank. A shoaling species that needs to be kept in groups of 10 or more, celestial pearl danios is a freshwater fish who can live for up to five years when kept in the right conditions.

In the wild, they live in water that is shallow and rich with vegetation so the water ends up being very clear and pure – recreating this for them in your tank will ensure they stay happy and healthy. Males will fight over females, so keeping more females in the tank will prevent any aggression.

14. Platy

A great tropical fish for beginners, platies are hardy and colorful fish that are easy to breed. Wild platies are found in various countries around the world and inhabit slow-moving waters with plenty of vegetation.

Sociable, livebearing fish, they come in many different varieties and are all known for being peaceful and friendly towards other species with a similar nature. As with other livebearing fish, males have a tendency to pester females, so be sure that females outnumber males to prevent them from fighting amongst themselves.

15. Bala shark

Don't panic – while they contain the word 'shark' in their name thanks to their resemblance to these huge sea creatures, the bala shark isn't actually a true shark and won't grow past 13 inches.

Hailing from Southeast Asia, their appearance makes them an intriguing addition to a community tank and their peaceful nature means they won't cause any issues. A timid shoaling species, they need to be kept in groups and require lots of swimming space.

16. Mollies

Livebearing fish that come in a range of different varieties, mollies are hardy fish that like to be kept in groups. Fantastic plant and algae eaters, these warm water fish are very adaptable and will live for around five years with the correct care.

Peaceful mid-dwellers, they need a tank size of at least 20 gallons as they're known for being active and boisterous – traits that mean they may playfully nip the fins of slow-moving or long-finned species from time to time. However, on the whole they're easygoing and their lively nature means they're a great fish to sit back and observe.

17. Siamese algae eater

Famous for their ability to gobble up algae before it has a chance to make your tank look a mess, the Siamese algae eater is a low-maintenance, freshwater fish who doesn't require a ton of care in order to thrive.

Measuring around seven inches and with a lifespan of 10-12 years, this durable and adaptable species is known for being extremely peaceful and have a reputation for getting on well with many different types of fish.

Just be aware that the Siamese algae eater doesn't possess a swimmer bladder, meaning they must remain constantly in motion. For that reason, you'll want to provide them with lots of places to hide at the bottom of the tank for those times when they need to rest.

18. Cherry barb

Cherry barbs are adaptable fish who can thrive in a range of different water conditions. Named for the way males turn a vibrant red during spawning season, this species tends to be shy but are very easy to manage.

Native to Sri Lanka, they are small at just two inches but with the right care they can live for up to six years. Cherry barbs like to be kept in small schools and because they are quite timid, they appreciate having lots of places they can hide.

19. Pearl gourami

Originating in Southeast Asia, the pearl gourami is an attractive fish that's robust and easy to take care of. Known as a labyrinth fish for the way it can store air in the labyrinth chamber of its first gill, the pearl gourami can be vocal at times making distinct croaking sounds.

A peaceful top to mid dweller, these fish get on well in community tanks provided they're paired with other tranquil species. Pearl gouramis do best in tanks with heavy vegetation, dark substrate and subdued lighting.

20. Peacock gudgeon

A tropical freshwater fish that's endemic to the eastern parts of Papua New Guinea and can also be found in Australia and New Zealand, the beautiful peacock gudgeon is a one of a kind fish that will make a vibrant addition to your community aquarium.

A non-fussy fish that's easy to care for, the peacock gudgeon is small enough to not require a ton of room but a minimum tank size of 15 gallons is required. They like warm water with lots of vegetation, so a heavily aquascaped aquarium is ideal and they're happiest when kept in groups of between six to eight.

Read next: Low-maintenance fish

Despite their name, experts don’t believe the Chinese Crested dog originated in China. It seems more likely to have emerged from Mexico, which is where Spanish explorers found them in the 1500s.

You could imagine their surprise at seeing these dogs with their spotted pink skin, crazy hair, furry feet and feathering tail. Some would say they are a super-cute toy dog breed while others would consider them among the ugliest dogs in the world.

Whichever side of the fence you sit on, it’s worth checking out this breed in more detail. As we do so, we’ll discover that not all Chinese Crested dogs are hairless but that, regardless of fur, they can be rather high maintenance. We’ll also take a look at the exercise and training needs and assess their overall health with the assistance of expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of exercise?

Chinese Crested dogs are a low-energy breed and they can stay healthy with minimal effort.

“They only require a small amount of exercise,” Dr Coder says.

Indeed, you don’t even need to take them outside each day although fresh air is undoubtedly good for them.

So long as they’re getting a minimum of 30 minutes each day in one shape or form, they’ll be sufficiently physically stimulated.

“They do well with short walks outdoors or indoor play,” Dr Coder says.

Taking Chinese Crested dogs outside

You will need to be careful if you venture outdoors with this breed. In winter, you need to make sure they are wearing one of the best dog coats – their relative lack of muscle or fat means they feel the cold.

In the summer, despite being one the best dog breeds for warmer weather thanks to their upright temperate-regulating ears and medium-sized snout, you need to ensure their skin is protected.

“If you take your Chinese Crested outdoors, they should have protective clothing or sunscreen in the summer and warmer clothing in the winter,” Dr Coder affirms.

All that said, Chinese Crested dogs are among the best dog breeds for travel so don’t leave them at home if you intend to go on vacation.

Are Chinese Crested dogs easy to train?

According to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs, Chinese Crested Dogs have fair working and obedience intelligence. They will understand new commands with 40–80 repetitions and obey the first command 30% of the time or better.

What this means is that, with positive reinforcement and consistency, you should find this breed to be willing and adaptable.

“Chinese Crested Dogs are easy to train as they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

It’s important that you carefully socialize this breed. Although they will be loyal to their families, they will be suspicious of strangers but this can be overcome with sufficient training.

Do Chinese Crested Dogs make good family pets?

This breed’s friendly, cheerful nature makes them a good fit with families. They’re also one of the best dogs for seniors since they’re playful and affectionate.

“Chinese Crested Dogs make excellent family dogs and they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

“Chinese Crested are friendly and very outgoing and do well with children, but should be supervised as they are fine-boned and easily injured with rough play.”

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of grooming?

Since Chinese Crested dogs have far less hair than most other breeds, you will find they are one of the small dog breeds that don’t shed much. But while that saves you a heap of effort caring for their fur, these dogs are still one of the most high-maintenance dog breeds.

As mentioned earlier, you need to take care of their exposed skin.

“Chinese Crested dogs without hair require regular skin care to keep them healthy, including regular bathing, lotion, acne treatment as needed, and sunscreen,” Dr Coder says.

Hairless Chinese Crested dogs may also be more prone to allergies or skin irritation because their skin is not protected by a haircoat.

That said, there is a variety of Chinese Crested Dog that does have hair: the Powder Puff.

“Powder Puff Chinese Crested Dogs have a short haircoat,” Dr Coder says. “Powder Puff Chinese Crested require regular grooming and daily brushing, as their coat tangles easily and can lead to painful matting if not cared for properly.”

Are Chinese Crested dogs hypoallergenic?

The hairless Chinese Crested dogs could be considered to be among the most hypoallergenic dog breeds although, given the Powder Puff variety doesn’t shed, either can be a good choice for allergy sufferers.

Just remember that problems can still surface, though.

“Most people with dog allergies are allergic to skin and saliva from dogs, so no breed is truly hypoallergenic. Chinese Crested are no different,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Crested dog health problems

Chinese Crested dogs have a few health conditions owners should be aware of. They include patellar luxation.

“This is a condition where the kneecap does not stay in the appropriate location. This can lead to lameness of varying severity, and may require surgery,” Dr Coder says

They can also suffer from Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

“It’s an orthopedic disease that can cause degeneration of the hip joint,” Dr Coder explains.

Like many purebred dogs, Chinese Cresteds can develop progressive retinal atrophy.

“It can affect vision and cause blindness,” Dr Coder adds. “They can also develop glaucoma, which is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eye is too high, causing pain and eventually blindness,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Cresteds can also suffer from lens luxation within the eye, which can lead to eye pain and blindness.

Should I get a Chinese Crested dog?

If you want an unusual-looking canine, then you’re certainly going to get that with a Chinese Crested. You do need to give them a lot of care and attention, however – their skin must be looked after and you can’t leave them alone for long because they suffer from separation anxiety.

They are, however, a great dog breed if you’re short on space and they can also accompany you on your travels. You will find they are good at many canine sports, too.

Read next: American dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Adorable, short-tailed little rodents, hamsters make delightful pets. Their diminutive size, radar ears, paintbrush paws and habit of stuffing their cheeks full of morsels to save for later makes them particularly endearing.

But did you know that the pet hamsters we know and love only scratch the surface of the many different types of hamster in the world? These rodents belong to the sub-family “cricetinae”, and there are around 19 different species under that umbrella. Of these, only five are commonly kept as pets.

The others typically roam free in their natural habitat, foraging at night-time – which is a habit pet hamsters perpetuate even when there is no predatory threat in the home.

Let’s take a look at some of the different types of hamster, their native habitats – and their scientific names that denote which species they belong to.

Types of hamsters

1. Syrian (teddy bear)

Commonly kept as pets, Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) – also known as golden hamsters – are all one species, but there are dozens of different colors. In terms of coat types, there are three main types.

The long-hair version is nicknamed “teddy bear”, and their silky locks can grow up to 10cm, with males growing longer hair than females.

2. Syrian (satin)

The satin Syrian hamster has shiny, glossy fur, which can be either short or long. The fur can appear to shimmer as the individual hairs are more translucent than other coat types.

However, you can get too much of a good thing, as two satins bred together tend to produce offspring with dull coats.

3. Syrian (Rex)

Rex Syrians can be either short or long-haired, but their coats and whiskers are curly, crimped or wavy. The Rex gene is recessive and therefore these hamsters are fairly rare.

The hamster pictured, while it has a slightly frizzy coat is unlikely to be a true Rex as the whiskers are not curled.

4. Syrian (short-haired)

A Syrian or golden hamster with short, smooth fur. They can be considered the classic Syrian, as the first hamsters discovered had short hair.

They come with benefits – they need minimal grooming as their fur doesn’t tangle or collect bedding and debris.

5. Syrian (hairless)

The hairless Syrian hamster has a gene that affects the outer layer of the skin with the hair follicles. This is a genetic mutation which is most commonly seen in Syrians, and unfortunately the life expectancy of such hamsters is considerably shorter than the hairy ones.

They have very sensitive and fragile skin, without a protective furry layer, and minimal whiskers. They also struggle to keep warm without that insulation and so have a rocketing metabolism.

6. Chinese (normal/wild)

There are three main variations of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) while the Chinese striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis) is closely related and looks very similar. This species has a mouse-like appearance.

The “normal” or “wild” Chinese hamster has a dark brownish-gray coat, white tummy and a dark dorsal stripe. This type is commonly domesticated – the wild being a reference to the coloring – and is a popular pet.

7. Chinese (dominant spot)

The dominant spot Chinese – also called the “spotted white” – is a variation that is common in pet hamsters. This version is white with coloured spots, speckles or patches.

8. Chinese (black-eyed white)

The black-eyed white Chinese hamster is a relatively new mutation, and is much the rarest of the three color variations of this species. There are very few in existence and confined to breeders in the UK.

9. Campbell’s dwarf

The Campbell’s dwarf hamster (Phodopus campbelli) was named in honour of Charles William Campbell, the first collector of this breed. They are kept as pets. In common with other “phodopus” hamsters, they live in groups in the wild.

Similar in looks to the Djungarian hamster (winter white), with a few differences, notably that they aren’t as well adapted to withstand very low temperatures.

They typically have brown or grey fur with a narrow dorsal stripe, a grey belly and small ears.

10. Winter white (Russian) dwarf

The winter white (Phodopus sungorus) goes by many names: Russian dwarf, Djungarian, striped dwarf, Siberian dwarf and more, and are around half the size of Syrians.

In the wild, they usually have grey fur with a thick dark dorsal stripe, however when winter comes this dark fur is replaced with white. This acts as a camouflage to protect them from predators in the snow. This is the main way to tell them apart from the very similar Campbell’s dwarf.

This amazing coat change is less likely to happen when they are kept as domestic pets, due to artificial light.

11. Robo (Roborovski) dwarf

One of the three Phodopus species, the Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovski) is also known as “desert hamster” and is the smallest of this tiny species.

Distinguishing features include pale patches above the eyes, sandy coat (to match its original desert habitat) and no dorsal stripe.

The diminutive Robo is known for its extraordinary speed and stamina. They are popular – if slightly skittish – pets.

12. Black-bellied (European)

The black-bellied (Cricetus cricetus) is a gorgeous wild hamster, with brown fur, white patches and its signature black belly. It is the largest known hamster species, and also goes by the name European or Eurasian hamster.

While they have been viewed as a pest, they are now critically endangered.

13. Brandt’s

The same species as the Syrian hamster to which it is closely related, the Brandt’s hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) is also known as the Turkish or Azerbaijani hamster, or the Avurtlak.

Their eye-catching coats are sandy, tan and dark brown. They are known to be aggressive and therefore not kept as pets. They are native to Turkey, Armenia and countries close by, and tend to live in dry, rocky steppe habitats high above sea level.

14. Gansu

The Gansu hamster (Cansumys canus) is native to China, specifically the Gansu province. It is not closely related to any of our common pet hamsters.

A study on the the Cansumys canus suggests that this species has certain morphological features that imply its natural habitat is mountain forests, and that it may even live in trees.

15. Mongolian

Found in Mongolia, but also in China and Russia, the Mongolian hamster (Allocricetulus curtatus) is wild and not kept as a pet. However, they do have similarities in appearance with Chinese hamster. The Mongolian gerbil, on the other hand, is commonly domesticated!

Unlike many wild hamsters, the Mongolian is not considered endangered.

16. Eversmann’s

The Eversmann’s or Kazakh hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni) is very similar to the Mongolian hamster, and is found in the deserts and semi-deserts of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan China and Russia.

They are wild, and have soft gray-brown or sandy fur with a white belly with a characteristic dark spot on their chest. They are short and stocky.

17. Sokolov's dwarf

This adorable dwarf hamster (Cricetulus sokolovi) is very similar to the Chinese, and has in its history been marked as the Chinese striped though is officially a distinct species.

Grey with a yellow hue and a distinctive dorsal stripe, these beautiful hamsters live in burrows in the deserts of Mongolia and China. They are not kept as pets.

18. Dobrudja

The Dobrudja – or Romanian – hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni) is closely related to the much more familiar Syrian type that is much loved in our homes.

However, the Dobrudja is not kept as a pet, instead its natural habitat is the arid, shrubby plains of Romania and Bulgaria.

19. Armenian

The Armenian hamster (Nothocricetulus migratorius) also goes by the name gray dwarf – which describes its appearance perfectly. This hamster, unlike many other wild species, is not endangered and is said to be even more common than mice in Armenia!

It has a wide population spread, from Eastern Europe to Asia, and typically lives at least 1,000m above sea level, preferring dry landscapes and semi-deserts.

20. Greater long-tailed

Hamsters are known for having very short tails, however the greater long-tailed (Tscherskia triton) is the exception. Resembling rats more than hamsters, they have long tails, gray coloring and are much larger than most hamster species. They are typically aggressive, whether in the breeding or non-breeding season.

They are not kept as pets, and are native to Siberia, China and the Korean Peninsula – they are also named the Korean hamster.

The term “oriental dog” means that the breed originated in East or Far East Asia, most commonly in Japan, China and Tibet. Ranging from petite Shih Tzus to behemoth Tibetan Mastiffs, from fluffy chow chows to sleek and athletic Thai Ridgeback, these widely varying breeds have unique characteristics and histories that reflect the diverse cultures of their origins.

Throughout millennia, domesticated Asian dogs filter through all the strata of society. They’ve worked as haulers and herders, been royal companions and guardians of religious temples. But despite their long history and development in East Asia, many of these breeds are highly sought-after and popular pets throughout the world.

Let’s take a look at oriental breeds of all shapes and sizes.

Oriental dog breeds

1. Shih Tzu

The precise history of these silky lap dogs is a little hazy, but their ancestry lies in Tibetan temples and as canine companions for Chinese royalty. They resemble mini lions thanks to their copious “manes”, and as lions were sacred in Buddhism, this afforded them special status.

Nowadays the even-tempered Shih Tzu makes an affectionate family pet, bred over centuries to live alongside humans. Just be prepared for some serious grooming of those luscious locks...

2. Chow chow

Originating in Ancient China where they were used as guarding and herding dogs, the chow chow is powerful and dignified – known for their signature purplish-black tongues in adulthood. This is a very old breed, one of the earliest known “basal” breeds, from which most modern dogs are derived.

With their thick coats and fluffy ruffs, they have something of the lion in them, but tend to form strong bonds with their humans. They are somewhat aloof in temperament and can have a stubborn streak, but on the upside they are renowned for being super-clean, both in house-training and body odor.

3. Lhasa Apso

Despite their diminutive size, the Lhasa Apso’s original role was as a guard dog at palaces and monasteries in the Himalayas. These Tibetan cuties might be small, but they are both hardy and regal, with their flowing, straight coat falling to the floor on each side.

Uber glamorous, yet both feisty and lazy all at once, the Lhasa Apso is distinctive both in character and looks.

4. Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback is not yet a well established breed outside its homeland, although several kennel clubs, including the Federation Cynologique Internationale and American Kennel Club do recognize it.

It is an ancient breed, one of the few that have a ridge of hair along its back formed by the hairs growing in the opposite direction. Like other ridgeback breeds, the Thai version is known for its loyalty, survival instincts and athleticism.

They come in solid colors of blue, black, red or fawn, occasionally with a black mask.

5. Akita Inu

“Inu” means dog in Japanese, which is where the akita hails from. The American Kennel Club recognizes both the American Akita and the akita inu and they are considered separate breeds, although this is controversial in Japan.

Akitas are known for being family protectors, being big-boned, imposing dogs with curled tails and thick coats. While affectionate with those they trust, they tend to be wary of strangers and have strong instincts to keep their loved ones safe.

6. Japanese Chin

Of all the Japanese dog breeds, the diminutive Chin is arguably the cutest (though the jury’s out on whether it really, truly came from Japan). A delightful toy lapdog with a long, silky coats, they have a regal outlook and tend to love us humans.

With their aristocratic connections, exotic look, large eyes and profuse coat, this is a dog with a feline side.

7. Shiba inu

The shiba inu is a foxy spitz breed developed to hunt small game in the Japanese mountains. As befits a mountain dog, they have a dense double coat (in four stunning colors), and an independent streak. Nowadays they make great pet dogs so long as they have sufficient early socialization, and make fun, loyal and playful companions.

8. Pug

This brachycephalic companion breed is a charming, impish and fun little dog whose primary aim in life is to share the love – and act the clown. With their scrunchy faces, big round eyes and snuffles, pugs are a comical character who’s impossible not to adore.

Initially bred to entertain Chinese emperors thousands of years ago, since the 16th century they have been beloved in Western societies too, popularized by Queen Victoria.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Tibetan breed is the archetypal guardian: devoted to their family and mistrustful of strangers. More mountain dog than mastiff, they are massive creatures with dense coats to protect them against Himalayan winters. However, despite their colossus appearance Tibetan Mastiffs are surprisingly nimble.

10. Pekingese

Like many Asian lapdog breeds, the Pekingese was developed as companions for Ancient Chinese emperors. Its name derives from Peking – as the capital of China, Beijing, was previously called.

While their origins stretch back millennia, Pekingese dogs continue to act as though they belong in a palace – being opinionated, charming and ever so confident in their status, whatever their (tiny) size.

11. Shar pei

Like many Asian breeds, the shar pei is both a natural companion and guard dog, loving to his own family but aloof towards strangers. Developed in the imperial palaces of southern China, these strong and independent dogs now make loving pets in experienced homes.

They are somewhat extraordinary in appearance as an extreme wrinkly breed, their trademarks are their massive folds of loose skin around the head, neck and shoulders, a blue-black tongue, and a muzzle that resembles a hippo! Shar pei means “sandy skin” – which describes their harsh, bristly and sandy-colored coat.

12. Tibetan Spaniel

The Tibetan Spaniel bears little resemblance to most other spaniel breeds, being closer in appearance to its fellow Asian breeds the Pekingese, pugs and Lhasa Apsos.

Like many of these small companion breeds, the “Tibbie” was created as a (super-cute) guard dog for monasteries, has a silky coat and a ruff resembling a lion’s mane – the animal considered almost sacred in Buddhism.

13. Korean Jindo

The Korean Jindo is a fairly new addition to the American Kennel Club, and is still a foundation stock breed rather than established (due to needing a solid base of stock to confirm recognition of a new breed). They are rare outside their homeland.

The Jindo is native to the eponymous island in South Korea and is one of the country’s national treasures, signifying its importance in the culture and heritage and ensuring the breed’s preservation.

Jindos are known for their loyalty and good temperaments, but they are also highly active and impressive jumpers, which makes them great escape artists. They are a spitz breed, resembling foxes, and were developed for hunting and guarding.

14. Tibetan Terrier

Much like the Tibetan Spaniel bearing little resemblance to a western spaniel, the Tibetan Terrier has little to do with most terriers. In fact, they’re more of a herding dog, while also having acted as a watchdog at Buddhist monasteries through their history.

Their long and dense coat is their hallmark, while their fluffy feet are another feature that helped them thrive in the snowy Tibetan landscape.

15. Japanese Spitz

You only have to look a Japanese Spitz in the eye and you’ll want to smile. They are true people-pleasers: fluffy, loyal, fun and affectionate with all the family. And while they have Japanese in their name, their roots really lie in Germany – having first been imported around 1920.

They have a cute, foxy look with triangular ears and a curly tail, like most spitz breeds, while their brilliant white coat with a lion-like ruff is distinctive.

16. Hokkaido

Almost unheard-of outside its native Japan, the Hokkaido is a loyal and docile breed that lives to protect its family. They have a spitz-type appearance, with a dense coat, foxy ears and a curled tail, and their presence in Japan is believed to date way back to the 12th century when they were used for hunting and as guard-dogs.

They have the status of “living natural monument” in their homeland, highlighting their cultural significance.

17. Thai Bangkaew

The Thai Bangkaew is little recognised outside his homeland. While they are an official breed according to the Federation Cynologique Internationale , they were only accepted into the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service in 2023.

A spitz-type with a plumed curly tail and dense coat, they hail from Bangkaew in central Thailand. They are said to have descended from a Buddhist abbot’s dog and crossed with a wild dog. They are intelligent, very protective over their own people and known to be tricky to train. One for the experts!

18. Formosan Mountain dog

The Formosan Mountain dog – also known simply as the Taiwan dog – is the only native breed of Taiwan. This loyal and intelligent dog was developed to hunt small game in Taiwan’s mountainous terrain and as such they are both bold and hardy as well as working faithfully alongside humans.

While rare – even in their homeland – they are an athletic and eye-catching breed, often with a brindle coat, beautiful almond eyes, pricked ears and sickle tail.

Like several other Asian breeds, they are not yet officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, but since 2017 have been listed in the foundation stock service.

19. Tosa

Listed in the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service since 1997, the Tosa has a varied reception outside its homeland of Japan. Also known as the Japanese Mastiff, it is banned or restricted in several countries (such as the UK, Australia, Ireland, Denmark, Norway and New Zealand) due to its reputation as a fighting dog.

In reality, the Tosa tends to be calm, dignified and quiet. While they were indeed once bred for fighting, nowadays they are more commonly used as watchdogs, being vigilant, imposing and bold.

20. Kintamani-Bali

In a 2005 study, the Kintamani dog was described as an emerging breed from Bali, Indonesia, according to a study. It is in fact an established mix of many different breeds, including the chow chow, Bali street dogs and Australian dingoes. But since 2019, the Kintamani has been officially recognised as a breed by the FCI, on a provisional basis.

Although it’s a newly official, the Kintamani-Bali’s heritage goes back some 3,000 years. As befits a dog with feral origins, they tend to thrive living on the streets, but can also be affectionate and gentle around humans and are popular as pets in their homeland.

If you live a busy life but still want to be a pet owner, these low-maintenance fish are well worth considering. While starting an aquarium and keeping it healthy does take some work, there are fish out there that are easier to care for than others – which can make your life relatively hassle-free in the long run.

Regardless of the species you get, there are some tips for taking care of fish that you'll want to bear in mind. No matter how fuss-free your finned friends are, you'll still want to ensure you house them in the right size tank, keep fish who have similar temperaments and requirements together, and keep the tank clean.

If you're new to keeping fish, there are many types of fish for first-time owners that are hardy, adaptable, and fairly easy to care for. You'll be able to sit back and enjoy watching them (when time permits!) but also relax when you're out of the house knowing they're happy and healthy. Here are a few of our favorites...

Low-maintenance fish

1. Betta fish

When it comes to caring for a betta fish, you'll be relieved to hear that as long as you provide your finned friend with the right tank setup, you'll have a relatively low-maintenance fish on your hands.

A great pet for first time fish owners, these colorful characters are curious and playful, and most betta fish will recognize their owners and get excited when they see them approach their tank.

While they are calm and slow moving when housed alone, they can be very aggressive and territorial where other betta fish are concerned so you'll want to avoid keeping them in pairs or groups.

These fish are not particularly active, so they don't need lots of space, they're easy to feed and require minimal daily interaction.

2. Zebrafish

A hardy fish that's simple to house and easy to breed, the zebrafish is one of the most beautiful freshwater fish you can keep as a pet. Their small size means their care needs are straightforward and their social nature makes them a great addition to a tank with other peaceful breeds.

Robust fish that thrive in a range of different water temperatures, zebrafish are prolific breeders so expect to see a steady supply of this fish in your tank! Disease resistant and with a fairly simple diet, you'll find the zebrafish is a very simple little creature to take care of.

3. Standard goldfish

Did you know that there are over 200 different breeds of goldfish? It's true! The standard (or common) goldfish is the most commonly kept freshwater species of fish on the planet and they're a great choice for beginners.

A hardy and resilient little creature, the goldfish is very adaptable and can thrive in a variety of settings. Because they don't require a ton of special care, they're very cost effective and won't take up much of your time.

However, they still need a spacious tank, regular water changes and a balanced diet comprising flakes and pellets.

4. Neon tetra

A colorful tropical fish to brighten up your aquarium, the neon tetra is a peaceful fish who thrives in community tanks with other tranquil species. Quiet yet active, they love swimming in the middle to lower levels of their aquarium but they do need to be kept in odd-numbered groups of five or more to prevent aggression with each other.

They can live up to 10 years with proper care and while they are generally low-maintenance, they are sensitive to water conditions so you'll want to ensure the water is soft and slightly acidic.

5. Harlequin rasbora

Harlequin rasboras are a fantastic choice if you're new to keeping fish and short on time. Hardy, peaceful and able to thrive in a range of different water conditions, they like to be kept in schools of 8-10 and away from aggressive species.

Harlequin rasboras need a tank that's a minimum of 10 gallons in size and they prefer water that is slightly acidic with plenty of plants so they can hide when they want to. Couple this with low water flow and dim lighting and you'll have some very happy fish on your hands.

6. Cory catfish

Looking for fish that clean the tank to make your life easier? Look no further than the cory catfish, a bottom-dwelling species that's constantly scavenging for leftover food, algae and debris.

Peaceful and active, this robust and social fish likes to be kept in groups and enjoys the company of their own kind. Cory catfish can tolerate a wide range of water temperatures and can adapt to a range of tank sizes as long as it's 10 gallons or bigger.

They're not picky eaters and will happily gobble up a range of different foods including flakes, pellets and frozen treats.

7. Guppy

A beginner-friendly fish that's adaptable enough to be able to thrive in a wide range of tank conditions, the guppy is a delight to watch thanks to its lively swimming behavior.

Peaceful and easygoing, they do well in community tanks with other non-aggressive fish species and because they're generally hardy, they don't succumb easily to disease.

Guppies eat a wide variety of foods making them every easy to feed and as long as they're housed in a large tank with good filtration and lots of plants that they can explore and hide in, you'll find they stay happy and healthy.

8. Cherry barb

A great community fish with a lively personality, the cherry barb is typically very peaceful and calm and they love to be kept in groups so they can playfully chase each other.

You'll want a 20-gallon tank minimum for this species with plenty of hiding places in the form of caves and driftwood as cherry barbs tend to be shy. They like gentle currents rather than fast flowing water and they'll readily accept a wide range of foods, making them very easy to care for.

9. Kuhli loach

The kuhli loach is a chilled out fish who can peacefully co-exist with other tranquil community fish. Far from fussy, these non-picky eaters will readily accept all kinds of food and they are generally very hardy.

Excellent scavengers, the kuhli loach is a brilliant choice if you're looking for species that will help you to keep your tank in tip-top condition. A bottom-dwelling fish that enjoys burrowing in the sand, they're very social and enjoy the company of their own kind.

10. White cloud mountain minnow

The white cloud mountain minnow is a tranquil and sociable fish who thrives when kept in groups of at least six or more of their own kind. This docile species makes a great addition to a community tank with other placid fish and they do best in cooler water temperatures.

Small, colorful and easy to care for, they're a hardy fish which makes them a brilliant choice for beginners. White cloud mountain minnows like a mix of open swimming areas as well as planting to the sides and back of their tank, so that's something to keep in mind if you plan on keeping this species.

11. Angelfish

Beginner-friendly and low-maintenance, the beautiful angelfish is hardy, adaptable and generally peaceful, although they can become aggressive and territorial when breeding.

They are best kept in groups with larger, tranquil fish as smaller fish can be viewed as food. A majestic species that requires a tall and large aquarium of at least 55-gallons due to their long finnage, the angelfish likes lots of live plants, rocks and driftwood, as well as soft and smooth substrate.

12. Bolivian cichlids

A peaceful species ideally suited to community tanks, Bolivian cichlids are loved for their vibrant colors and docile temperament. Hailing from South America, they are relatively robust and tolerant of water fluctuations, adapting well to temperatures between 75-82°F.

These fish like to hide, so you'll want to provide them with a sandy substrate they can burrow in as well as caves, rocks and driftwood. Bolivian cichlids will accept a wide range of food and they get on well with species such as tetras and rasboras.

13. Swordtails

Easy to breed and take care of, swordtails are generally placid and active fish with lively personalities. Compatible with a wide range of community fish, they love to explore their environment and their social nature means they enjoy interacting with their tank mates.

It's worth noting that males can be aggressive towards each other if they have to compete for females, so it's worth keeping them in large groups where females well outnumber males.

Due to the males elaborate courtship ritual that involves dancing to attract females, swordtails can be a wonderful species to sit back and observe. Swordtails can tolerate a wide range of water conditions and will readily accept flakes, pellets and frozen treats.

14. Molly

Mollies are small fish found along the Gulf coast of the United States and they come in lots of different varieties. Colorful and relatively fuss-free, mollies are tropical fish with active personalities.

Livebearers who can have up to 100 babies at a time, they're usually very peaceful, however male mollies can become aggressive when they want to mate with females. On the whole, they are robust and adaptable fish who like moderately hard water and warm temperatures between 75-80°F.

15. Platy

Platies are livebearing fish native to east coast of Central America and southern Mexico. These fish are a dream come true if you're looking for a low-maintenance species that's hardy, tolerant of different water conditions and friendly enough to include in a community tank.

Playful and curious, platies come in different varieties and thrive when housed with other peaceful fish such as mollies and tetras. Their fondness for algae makes them a great choice if you're after a species that will help keep your tank clean and they're easy to breed and feed.

16. Bristlenose pleco

Bristlenose plecos are docile fish with a calm nature. They love to snack on algae, so they do a brilliant job of keeping the tank clean, and while they're typically peaceful, they can become territorial when it comes to space and resources.

These bottom-dwellers aren't big swimmers, so they don't tend to interact with fish at other levels of the tank and because they're nocturnal, you'll want to provide them with caves that they can hide out in during the day.

Bristlenose plecos are a fairly hardy species and can adapt to a wide range of environments.

17. Buenos Aires tetra

Buenos Aires tetras are active shoaling fish who like to be kept in groups of at least six. Extremely popular due to how hardy and easy to care for they are, Buenos Aires tetras are generally peaceful but are known to engage in fin-nipping, so it's best to avoid housing them with long-finned fish.

Omnivores who will quite happily munch on a wide variety of foods, they can tolerate a wide range of tank conditions but they are sensitive to ammonia so regularly water changes are recommended.

18. Endler's livebearer

A robust fish that's great if you're time-poor or new to keeping finned friends, the Endler's livebearer is one species you won't get bored of. An active and curious species who loves to zip around their tank and explore every nook and cranny, Endler's livebearers do best when housed with similarly sized, docile fish.

A well decorated tank is a must for this species who love live plants, vegetation and algae – live plants are particularly important as they offer both a food source and a place to hide.

Visually striking and very hardy, they're a great choice if you're after a fuss-free fish to add to your aquarium.

19. Siamese algae eater

The Siamese algae eater does an outstanding job of controlling different types of algae, so they'll make an outstanding member of your clean up crew.

They're also really easy to take care of once you have your aquarium set up to give them the conditions they need to thrive – including soft, sandy substrate, moderate to high water flow and plenty of hiding places in the form of plants and driftwood.

Active and playful, they're peaceful in nature and are compatible with most community fish.

20. Honey gourami

Honey gouramis are robust fish that are very low-maintenance and beginner-friendly. Hardy and adaptable, they thrive in a range of different tank conditions and aren't fussy when it comes to food.

Gentle and docile, they're great community fish but bear in mind that they can be very shy, so they'll appreciate having lots of hiding places that they can sneak off to when they're in need of some peace and quiet.

Livestock guardian dogs protect livestock including sheep, goats and cattle from predators such as bears, wolves and even robbers. Rather than move their animals around, like a herding breed would, livestock guardian dogs remain with the livestock deterring and defending them against threats.

Known for their protective instincts and bravery, livestock guardians are a great match for farms and those living rurally. Many of the breeds are calm and most are independent, usually forming close bonds with the animals and humans they spend time with. Their imposing presence helps ward off predators, meanwhile their loyalty and companionship is loved by owners the world over.

What is a livestock guardian dog?

Unlike a herding breed or retriever, the term livestock guardian dog is more of a functional title than a quantifiable classification. It refers to dogs bred and trained for the purpose of guarding livestock, but there is no standardised, agreed-upon official list that formally defines or ranks the dogs within this category.

It is much more of a working category, with the dogs within it recognised for their role, instincts and historic function. Most kennel clubs categorise breeds by groups, such as terrier and herding. You could think of livestock guardian dogs as an unofficial subgroup within the working or guardian groups, of which the latter is often broken into flock guards and mastiffs.

Livestock guardian behaviour

Here are some of the traits that characterise a livestock guardian breeds:

Instinct to protect: They have a natural instinct to watch over and guard their livestock, which they do without being aggressive towards their flock.

Alert: These are highly independent and alert animals that are used to making decisions on their own and staying on high alert for any threat.

Strong and large: As part of their role involves deterring predators, it makes sense that they are big and strong breeds.

Calm but confident: These dogs are not anxious or prone to getting in a flap – instead they have a calm demeanor and a quiet confidence that they can handle things.

Bonded: Raised alongside livestock, they naturally become bonded to them.

Livestock guardian dog breeds

Because there is no official list of livestock guardian dogs, we will focus on dogs that fulfill the role and are traditionally used for this purpose. We have taken into account common consensus across breed clubs and academic sources to round up the best and most widely recognised livestock guardians.

1. Great Pyrenees

A majestic mountain dog if ever there were one, the Great Pyrenees is known for its thick white coat and adoration of its family. The breed originated in the Pyrenees Mountains and was used to guard sheep from local predators like wolves and bears.

These are big dogs and their thick double coat needs thorough and frequent grooming. They can be stubborn and will require consistent training, yet a well trained Great Pyrenees is a loyal and loving companion.

2. Anatolian Shepherd

Prized for their intelligence and endurance the Anatolian Shepherd is a big, agile dog originating from Anatolia, Turkey. These dogs are seriously good workers, they are independent and territorial meaning they can work without being micromanaged. As such, they can form deep bonds with their livestock.

They'll need lots of early socialisation and even then they are a discerning dog prone to giving strangers the cold shoulder.

3. Maremma Sheepdog

This fluffy white Italian native is known for its fierce loyalty juxtaposed with gentle nature within a family centre. Originally bred to guard sheep in open pastures, the Maremma Sheepdog has a dense weather-resistant coat and has a deep, vocal bark used to warn off intruders. So consider yourself warned: you'll need to groom regularly and not be offended with a bit of barking

4. Kuvasz

Characterised by its striking white coat, the Kuvasz is as protective as it is courageous. Originating as a royal guard dog for Hungarian nobility, this large, powerful dog is protective of family and highly wary of strangers.

Their dense coat requires regular grooming, and their stubborn nature and high work ethic mean you'll need to engage with plenty of training.

5. Akbash

Calm and intelligent, the Akbash is a Turkish breed known for its zen-like confidence. These independent workers are able to work in harsh environments and have strong instincts when it comes to guarding livestock. Their short white hair helps provide camouflage with the sheep they protect.

6. Komondor

Instantly recognisable with their long, corded coat that can look a little like dreadlocks, the Komondor is a Hungarian breed bred to protect. Their unique and durable coat provides plenty of protection against the weather and predators, allowing them to get on with their job of protecting livestock.

7. Kangal

This Turkish national treasure is known for its immense bite force, speed and dedication to its flock. It's highly protective and territorial and while they have a calm demeanour with their family, they need an experienced handler, oodles of outside space and early socialisation aplenty.

With one of the strongest bite forces of any dog – sometimes compared with that of a lion – it goes without saying that owning a Kangal comes with a lot of responsibility.

8. Šarplaninac

Hailing from the Shar Mountains in the Balkans, the Šarplaninac or Sharr dog, is a rugged mountain guardian dog known for being fearless and highly territorial. Its large size and thick double weatherproof coat are well suited to protecting livestock across punishing terrain. Highly intelligent and alert, you'll need a good training plan and plenty of socialisation.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Himalayan breed is known for its huge size (weighing up to 150lbs!) and impressive thick double coat, well suited for working long shifts in the cold. The Tibetan Mastiff is highly protective and known for its deep, booming bark. The magnificent coat requires plenty of grooming and you'll need to train and socialise well.

10. Polish Tatra Sheepdog

A vigilant guard dog at work, a calm force around the family, the Polish Tatra Sheepdog is a joy of a dog. Originated in the Tatra Mountains in Poland, the dogs' all-white coat helps keep them warm in the harsh climate.

11. Caucasian Shepherd

Hailing from the Caucasus Mountains, this large Russian mountain guardian dog is famed for its brute strength, fearless nature and protection. The thick double coat can be both short and long, and is often brindle, grey or white.

While they are bonded and loyal to their family, they require early socialisation and plenty of training.

12. Spanish Mastiff

Built for Mediterranean climates, the Spanish Mastiff is a master in protecting flocks from wolves over challenging terrain. The short-to-medium length coat is easy to groom, and this dog is calm and gentle around the family.

13. Bulgarian Shepherd

A hard worker hailing from Bulgaria’s karst mountains, the Bulgarian Shepherd is intelligent and independent. Also known as Karakachan dogs, this breed has been bred to defend sheep and other livestock from predators like wolves and bears.

14. Estrela Mountain dog

This smart and mighty Portuguese guardian breed is able to guard flock across rough mountain terrain.

Originating in Portugal’s Estrela Mountains, the Estrela Mountain Dog is well used to working across tough landscapes to protect flocks of sheep, goats and other livestock from wolves and bears.

Horses are something of a specialist pet – a great deal of knowledge and effort goes into keeping them. However, that’s not to say you can’t sound like an expert in all things equine by boning up on a few horse facts!

Already clued up on why horses wear shoes? Aware of the difference between a horse and a pony? Know how many horse colors there are? Sounds like you’ve sussed entry-level horse facts and are ready for something more advanced. Here are 10 horse facts that would help you blend in at any barn.

Interesting horse facts

1. Horses produce approximately 10 gallons of saliva daily

A pretty gross horse fact straight off the bat – but it’s totally true!

So, why so much saliva? Well, it acts as a natural buffer to stomach acid. The pH value in the horse’s stomach varies region by region, but in the lower third it can be as low as 1 or 2, which is very acidic. Saliva contains bicarbonate, which helps neutralize the acidic environment and guards against stomach ulcers.

Unlike humans, horses only produce saliva when chewing – around 1ml for every chew. This means it’s important they eat little and often, and predominantly a diet of fibre. These are two of the golden rules of feeding horses!

2. The human ear has three muscles that move the ear, but equine ears have 10

Equine ears are more sensitive than ours. They can hear sounds up to four kilometers away and also perceive higher frequencies of sound than we can.

Ears are also integral to equine expression, and you can tell much about what a horse is thinking by looking at his ears. For example, a horse with his ears forward is attentive, alert or startled. Ears pointing to the side or tilted slightly back indicate a content or relaxed horse, while ears flat back mean a horse feels uncomfortable or under threat.

3. Horses can sleep standing up...

...thanks to a locking system that evolved in their legs. Horses can only achieve REM sleep when lying down, though. In a herd of horses, you’ll often see one member standing over his fieldmates while they sleep.

Horses don’t need a great deal of sleep. They spent four to five hours out of 24 sleeping, but only need 30 minutes of REM sleep while lying down.

4. Horses cannot vomit...

...thanks to a band of ultra-strong muscles that surround the oesophagus.

The opening of the stomach, called the cardiac sphincter, closes after food is pushed into it, acting like a one-way shut-off.

When horses are unwell, especially with colic, their inability to vomit means the stomach is at risk of rupture. Horses are often tubed when colic occurs to relieve any build-up of gas or liquid.

5. Horses have the biggest eyes of all land mammals

They also have a third eyelid situated inside the eye for protection, which closes diagonally.

6. Every horse has a frog in its hoof

Well, not an actual frog, but it’s the name given to the V-shaped structure on the underside of the hoof. While the hoof wall is not sensitive, the frog is, and farriers must be careful when trimming it.

The frog provides shock absorption when the horse's foot comes into contact with the ground.

7. The equine brain weighs approximately one-and-a-half pounds

That’s roughly half the weight of the human brain!

The horse’s frontal lobe, the part of the brain responsible for decision making, is relatively much smaller than a human’s, too.

8. The equine heart weights around nine pounds

A thoroughbred horse’s powerful heart pumps some 35 liters of blood around the body per minute, compare with five in humans.

The horse’s heartbeat at rest is just 30 beats per minute, but it can reach as high as 240 at full gallop. Racehorses like Secretariat had much larger hearts than average, which boosted their athletic capabilities.

9. The average horse has a top speed of 20–30mph

However, the fastest speed ever recorded over two furlongs was set by a racehorse called Winning Brew. She achieve 43.71mph at the Penn National Racecourse, Pennsylvania, on 14 May 2008.

10. And finally, horses can only breathe through their noses

Healthy adult horses breathe around eight to 12 times per minute at rest. During moderately strenuous exercise, a horse will breathe up to 150 times per minute.

Read next: Interesting dog facts and interesting cat facts

They say that animals don’t like us laughing at them, but sometimes we have to stifle a giggle because they can be just downright hilarious. We defy you not to laugh at the thought of a hedgehog doggy-paddling across a swimming pool (surprisingly streamlined), or to coo over the concept of otter couples sleeping with their paws linked.

Or perhaps it’s the soap opera-style acting prowess of the snake that plays dead or the idea that a turtle can use its butt to breathe. True, some of these facts are more weird and wonderful than roll-on-the-floor funny, but most of them will simply blow your mind – you can’t help but drop your jaw at the marvels of the animal kingdom.

Let’s take a look at some hilarious facts about animals.

Hilarious facts about animals

1. Male seahorses get pregnant

More extraordinary than laugh-out-loud funny, but seahorse pregnancy is surely one to make you gape.

An elaborate seahorse courtship dance precedes a unique adaptation whereby the male ends up carrying and giving birth to live young. (Well, almost unique; sea dragons do the same).

The female seahorse lays her eggs in a pouch in the male’s abdomen, where they are fertilised and incubated until he gives birth to as many as a thousand ready-to-go baby seahorses into the ocean. Alas, very few survive, hence the need for such large numbers.

2. Wombats poop cubes

Square poos are a thing – in wombat world. So neat and tidy! Its thanks to the varied elasticity of the Australian marsupial’s digestive tract, that they deliver their dung in 2cm cube-shaped poops – up to a hundred a night.

These fastidious creatures collect the cubes to stack up neatly into piles which they use to mark their territory, and the square-shape prevents them from rolling away.

3. Goats have accents

Can you tell a “maa” from a “meh”? Research on goats has found that kids are able to modify their bleats according to their social environment – which is as close to a local accent as you can get in the animal kingdom.

While humans have very well developed “vocal plasticity” (the ability to produce different sounds and accents), in other mammals it is much more likely to be genetic rather than a social response.

However, goats are among the very few that do develop similar accents to their peers.

4. Some cats are allergic to humans

Of course allergies are never a laughing matter, but it feels like payback when so many of our beloved pets cause us to cough and sneeze, and our eyes to water. And we love them anyway.

However, certain cats have allergies triggered by human dander, just like we can be triggered by theirs. Happily, it’s a very small number that have this reaction.

5. Hedgehogs can swim

A picture of floating pin cushion springs to mind when you try to imagine a hedgehog swimming, but they are in fact naturals in the water. Their spines are hollow tubes, giving super buoyancy and there are records of them swimming up to half a mile.

The major snag is that once they’re in, they often can’t get out, especially if they dare a quick dip in a swimming pool without considering their exit. So when you hear of drowned hedgehogs, it’s unlikely to be a lack of swimming ability but sadly sheer exhaustion.

6. Koalas have fingerprints like humans

The difference between a hand and a paw is the presence of an opposing thumb – which koalas have, as well as great apes.

But it’s the koala that has hands that are remarkably similar to humans’, with their fingerprints being similarly complex and individual, with whorls, loops and ridges. So much so, that some social posts doing the rounds have implied that fingerprints of humans and koalas have been mistaken at crime scenes. However, this is likely to be false news – modern technology can tell them apart despite their similarities.

Besides, can you imagine a koala robbing a bank?

7. Bees can recognize humans

Honeybees can distinguish between different human faces, according to a study – apparently with up to 90% accuracy. They can differentiate between tasty flowers, so why not faces?

The researchers used sugar water as a reward to encourage them to approach a specific face, and even when the reward was not forthcoming, they continued to pick out the target face. Perhaps we look like strange flowers...

8. Sea otters sleep holding hands

Sea otters are cute enough before you learn that they cuddle each other – and even link paws – while they are sleeping. This is a practical move to prevent them drifting away from the group in the ocean, known as “rafting”.

It helps keep the group safe, conserve energy and warmth – and can be spotted in anything from couples to rafts of up to 200.

9. Octopuses have three hearts and nine brains

We know about an octopus’s eight arms, but less well known is the fact that each arm contains a mini-brain, plus a doughnut-shaped central one. This gives it the highest brain:body ratio of any invertebrate, and research has shown they can solve puzzles to obtain food.

Plus, they have three hearts: one for circulating blood around the body and two to pump it past the gills. All those legs require efficient circulation!

10. Penguins give rocks for love

It’s an adorable image. Boy gentoo penguin woos girl penguin with lovely pebble and she falls head over heels for the suitor that brings her the shiniest, smoothest one, which signifies they will build their nest together.

However, it’s probably a little less cute in reality than we’d like to believe. The males may nick a neighbour’s pebble already laid down in a lovers’ nest, which causes quite a kerfuffle – and not all penguin partnerships last for life.

11. Turtles can breathe through their butts

The official name for “butt-breathing” is cloacal respiration. This enables certain reptiles, such as turtles, and amphibians to breathe while they are underwater.

Many turtles enter a period of hibernation – correctly termed brumation for reptiles – during the colder months. They are typically submerged in water and although they require less oxygen because their metabolic needs are very low, what they do need, they get from breathing through their butts.

12. The mantis shrimp punches so fast it boils water

This really is as crazy as it sounds. The mantis shrimp is as violent as it is dazzlingly beautiful. They can act with lightning speed and lethal strength, whether piercing, smashing or clubbing their victims.

They have truncheon-like limbs that grow out of the side of their mouths, which they can swing at up to 50mph – and this despite water resistance! This speed of strike is so powerful that the friction on impact can set the surrounding water boiling. Deadly as a lion’s bite, as lethal as a bullet, this crustacean is not to be messed with.

13. Butterflies taste with their feet

Eating with your (unwashed) feet is definitely considered gross in our world, but it’s an everyday dining experience for a butterfly. Most of their taste sensors are located on their feet, with much fewer on their antennae and proboscis.

When they are looking for nectar to sate their appetite, they can quickly tell from landing on a flower, and a quick taste test with its feet, whether it has sufficient nutrients. Moreover, as a female butterfly alights on a plant, it tastes its landing pad to see if it’s a good, safe home for its eggs to hatch into caterpillars.

14. Rats laugh when they are tickled

Research on “laughing rats” has discovered that these rodents display more than a passing resemblance to primitive human laughter in response to tickling and play. Alas for those who want to join in with the merriment, a rat’s laugh is too high-pitched for us to hear. However, there is a laugh centre in their brain that is activated when they are tickled or played with and it sends them into fits of giggles.

15. There’s a breed of dog that looks like a mop

The Hungarian sheepdog, or Komondor, is a herding breed also known as a mop dog on account of its white dreadlocks. Their coat is long, thick and forms natural cords (with a little bit of help so as not to turn into a general mat) over about two years – just like a mop.

Their coats are nearly a foot long and these dogs carry the heaviest amount of fur of any breed around. Just imagine when they get wet – with no mop bucket to wring them out!

16. A lobster’s bladder is in its head

Yes, it’s true, lobsters pee out of their faces. Their bladder is located under their brain, and they have nozzles for urinating under their eyes. In fact, they communicate by peeing in one another’s faces – whether it’s fighting or mating (which the female only does when she’s shed her shell and before she’s grown a new one).

In this light, it’s somewhat surprising they’re such a delicacy!

17. Elephants throw dust on themselves like sunscreen

While an elephant throwing dust around with their trunks looks hilarious, like a little kid throwing sand in delight on the beach, this is actually a smart move. The dirt acts as a natural sunblock, protecting the elephant’s skin from burning UV rays. Even cleverer, they typically squirt water over themselves first, to help the dust to stick.

18. Elephants can’t jump

Can you imagine an elephant jumping? Apart from the concern that the landing would cause an earth tremor, elephants cannot physically spring with all four feet off the ground at once.

Trying to propel four tonnes airborne is simply not possible. Besides, they don’t need to. They have their imposing size, presence and social structure to keep them safe from any potential predator.

19. Some snakes can play dead

If snakes weren’t so scary this would be the funniest fact of all. But there’s something of the last-gasp thriller, when the villain comes back to life, about a snake pretending to be dead.

It’s actually a defensive strategy, adopted chiefly by the hognose snake (not considered dangerous to humans) to avoid being attacked by predators. It’s quite the Oscar-winning performance: they flip dramatically on to their back, gape their mouths open and stick out their tongue. Fooled you!

20. Soothing music makes cows produce more milk

Dairy farmers started playing music to their herd initially to drown out the noises of the robotic milking system, and discovered it not only calmed the cows down, but helped improve their milk flow.

Research on music and tactile stimuli during daily milking found that classical, more soothing music is preferred to fast tunes with a heavy beat.

Read next: Interesting cat facts or funny hamster facts

There’s pretty much no limit to the horse colors you’ll see in the equine world, as well as huge variety of coat patterns that make endless combinations possible.

Equine coat color is determined by genetics. In very simple terms, two base coat pigments result in a chestnut coat (a reddish brown color) and black. These two colours commonly interact to produce another base color, a dark brown known as bay. The variation we see in horse colors is caused by additional genes, which modify and enhance the coat color.

If you’ve ever wondered how to identify horse colors, here’s our helpful guide to the many different variations in the equine world.

Solid horse colors

Black

This one is pretty straightforward. While different genes interact with the black pigment to create other colors and patterns, there aren’t any named variations of this color as there are with other coats.

Black horses can have white markings on their legs and faces, but generally nowhere else. They have black manes and tails, but can have white or striped hooves.

Chestnut

Chestnut horses can also be called sorrel. They have a reddish brown coat in various shades and can have white leg and facial markings.

Bay

The bay equine coat color is similar to chestnut, but bays have black points, meaning black markings on their legs and black manes and tails. They can also have white face and leg markings.

Gray

Often, grays look white. There is such a thing as a truly white horse, but this is rare.

Grays might have darker gray legs, ears and dark skin on the muzzle.

Buckskin

Buckskins have a coat that varies in color from pale cream to a yellowy cream, gold or even as dark as chocolate with a mane and tail usually significantly darker than the coat color, often black. Buckskins can have black or dark points and white leg and face markings.

Palamino

Palaminos often have the look of Barbie’s dream horse! Like buckskins, their coats can be pale cream to golden, a reddish cream or even a deeper chocolate (a sooty palamino), but their manes and tails are always paler, or flaxen. They can have white markings on their face and legs.

Cremello

Cremellos have an all-over creamy coat. They have pink skin, which can make them susceptible to sunburn, and frequently have blue eyes. A cremello will not have any black points.

Perlino

A perlino has a similar look to the cremello, also with pink skin and commonly blue eyes. However, they have a reddish tinge to the mane and tail, sometimes the coat too.

Dun horse colors

Duns are frequently confused with buckskin due to their similar coat colors. However, duns have a little extra something special – primitive markings called dun factors. These include a dorsal stripe (a dark line running along the spine to the top of the tail, or dock), a darker colored mane and tail and sometimes horizontal stripes on the legs that look like zebra stripes.

Here’s a detailed look at some dun variations...

Blue dun (Grulla)

A mouse coloured gray or silver color with dun factors.

Red dun

Pale yellow or tan coat with a chestnut hue and dun factor markings.

Spotted horse colors

Several horse breeds have spotted coats, such as Appaloosa, Knabstrupper or the British Spotted Pony. Spotted coat patterns come in a number of variations, which include...

Leopard spot

A white base with spots of various sizes and colors covering the body.

Few spot leopard

A white body, sometimes with dark points and sparse spotting, usually concentrated on the face, legs, ‘armpits’, neck and chest.

Blanket spot

A dark base coat and a ‘blanket’ of white over the usually the hindquarters, but can extend over the whole back. The blanket feature spots of the same color as the base coat.

Snowflake

White spots over a dark body.

Pinto/Paint horse colors

Pinto or paint horses have large patches of white over any underlying coat color. There are several pattern variations...

Tobiano

A tobiano commonly has a solid head color (though he may have white facial markings), white legs and a white zone across the back between the withers (base of neck) and dock. The markings are generally rounded in shape.

Overo (frame)

The overo pattern is also known as frame. A white face and patches with sharp edges in a horizontal pattern characterize overo, and sometimes the markings can be subtle, so the horse is not instantly recognizable as a pinto. Overos can have blue eyes.

Sabino

Sometimes called a sabino roan, this pattern features white stockings and white splashes higher up the leg, belly and flanks. The edges of the markings can look blurred into the darker equine coat color. This pattern is often seen in Clydesdales.

Splash white

The rarest pinto color, splashed whites look as if they are a solid color horse dipped in white pain. They often have white faces and white stockings, but the white can extend high up the body.

Roan horse colors

A roan has white hairs intermixed into their darker color, which does not lighten with age as is often seen in grays. There may be color variation between a roan horse’s summer and winter coats. They can have either a solid-colored or much darker head.

Variations of roan include...

Red roan

Sometimes called strawberry roan, this label describes a horse with a chestnut base coat featuring roaning.

Bay roan

A bay base coat, including the characteristic black mane and tail and legs, with roaning throughout.

Blue roan

A black base coat color with white hairs dispersed throughout.

Low-maintenance reptiles can be a great choice if you're a novice pet owner or someone who has a hectic lifestyle with not a lot of time leftover to devote to a pet.

There are lots of different types of reptile you can keep as a pet and the ones on this list are typically very hardy and most don't require elaborate set ups in order to thrive. They still require basic care, but the majority are happy to do their own thing and won't be demanding frequent attention.

As an added bonus, many reptiles enjoy long lifespans, so they can be a great choice if you're looking for a display pet who will be around for years to come. It's worth bearing in mind that some of the reptiles on this list will live for 50 years or more, so while they're certainly low-maintenance they do require a long-term commitment.

Low-maintenance reptiles

1. Leopard gecko

An easy-to-care-for pet with a docile nature, the leopard gecko can live up to 20 years when looked after correctly. A breeze to handle and requiring minimal care, these nocturnal reptiles get their name because of their yellow and white coloring and black spots.

Measuring 8-10 inches in length, leopard geckos (or leos as they're affectionately called) are slow-moving, vocal and gentle as long as they're handled with care.

2. Bearded dragon

A great starter pet for reptile enthusiasts, the bearded dragon is native to Australia and grows to around 24 inches in length. Beardies will flare out the skin underneath their chin when feeling threatened, making them look like they have a beard, which is how they got their name.

Good bearded dragon care (such as ensuring they have a good tank setup with hiding areas and basking rocks) will help this calm, gentle and placid lizard live for up to 10 years.

3. Corn snake

Corn snakes make fantastic pets thanks to how docile and low-maintenance they are. Active at dawn and dusk, these snakes are typically low-key and will tolerate being handled. They can grow to around four feet long on average and have a lifespan of between 15 and 20 years.

Like all snakes, corn snakes are master escape artists, so you'll want to make sure you have a very tight fitting lid on their tank to prevent them from getting out.

4. Blue-tongued skink

One of the best pet reptiles, the blue-tongued skink is laid-back, intelligent and easily tamed. These docile, quiet and gentle lizards hail from Australia and are known for forming strong bonds with their owners.

Their elongated body can reach 24 inches and length and most will live for 15-20 years with the correct care. While blue-tongued skinks are not aggressive, they will bite if they feel threatened and they have very strong teeth so bites can be painful.

For that reason, it's always worth supervising children when they're interacting with this skink.

5. Ball python

Named because for the way they curl up in a tight ball when feeling threatened, the ball python can grow to around 4-5 feet in length and if cared for correctly, they can live for a whopping 30 years!

Ball pythons are solitary and nocturnal, and are typically very docile and gentle, which makes them easy to handle. Calm and non-aggressive, ball pythons are well-mannered and while they're generally friendly, most are also quite shy.

6. Russian Tortoise

Russian Tortoises are native to the desserts of Russia, Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan and live in large, underground burrows which they hibernate in for many months of the year due to the extreme temperatures.

Reaching around 8-10 inches in length when fully grown, these hardy creatures can live for up to 60 years with the right care. Docile yet active, Russian Tortoises are very curious and responsive to their owners but most prefer not to be handled.

7. Kingsnake

Ground-dwelling kingsnakes are widespread in the US and are happy in a range of different habitats from forests to deserts. They typically hide out in rodent burrows and under logs, so you'll want to make sure that their tank environment mimics their natural habitat.

Kingsnakes are mainly active during the day and they're not venomous, although some will nip when stressed. On the whole, however, they are docile, adaptable, inquisitive and easy to tame and most will live between 10–30 years with the right care.

8. Red-eared slider

With the correct care (a large tank, special lighting and a diverse diet, for example) red eared sliders have been known to live for 20 years in captivity. A popular pet with a personable and friendly nature, they are happy to interact with their owners during feeding time, but for the most part, they prefer to be left alone.

Despite their friendliness and tendency to greet their humans at the side of their tank at mealtimes, they are note affectionate and don't enjoy being picked up. However, if you're happy with a pet you can enjoy watching, the enchanting red-eared slider could well be the creature for you.

9. Crested gecko

The crested gecko is a low-maintenance pet perfect for novice lizard owners. Considered extinct until 1994 when large populations were found on islands off the Australian coast, these powerful jumpers quickly became beloved pets.

Growing to eight inches in length and with a lifespan of 15–20 years, crested geckos are relatively calm and placid, and while they don't necessarily enjoy being handled for long periods, they will tolerate short stints.

10. Panther chameleon

With their beautifully colored bodies and fast tongues, the elegant panther chameleon is a spectacular creature to behold. Males can grow to 21 inches in length with females being much shorter at 14 inches, but both have a lifespan of around eight years when they receive the correct care.

Slow moving, docile and quiet, their mood is often reflected by their changing colors and they're known for being more relaxed than other chameleon species. However, it's worth noting that excessive handling can cause stress, so they're more of a display pet than a hands-on one.

11. Spiny-tailed lizard

While it's legal to own a spiny-tailed lizard in the United States, it's not a common choice of pet. That's largely due to the fact that very few countries allow this little creature to be exported, so they're rare and hard to come by.

Still, if you manage to get your hands on one, the spiny-tailed lizard will certainly prove to be the talking point of your home! These creatures are very low maintenance as they only require vegetation for food and their enclosure needs aren't complicated either – they just need a warm tank with plenty of rocks where they can bask and hide.

The spiny-tailed lizard can live for up to 30 years and while they're very gentle, they don't like to be handled.

12. Eastern box turtle

The eastern box turtle is found in woodlands across the Chesapeake watershed in the US. This small reptile measures just six inches in length and has a lifespan of around 40 years.

Eastern box turtles are brown with orange and yellow markings and their toes are only slightly webbed. Typically docile and shy, these turtles are active during the day and enjoy foraging for food.

They tend to be able to recognize the voice of their favorite human and while they don't like being handled, many will interact with their owners by playing with toys.

13. Green anole

A small lizard native to the southern United States, the striking green anole are known for their eye-catching green skin and the bright red fold of skin over their throat.

They're a great choice for beginners as they're very easy to care for and while they are known for being skittish and shy, over time they can learn to tolerate short and gentle handling.

However, it's worth noting that on the whole, they are best as display pets, so that's something to keep in mind if you have children in your family. Most green anoles will live for 5-8 years with the correct care.

14. Gargoyle gecko

Found only on the southern end of the island of New Caledonia in the south-west Pacific, the gargoyle gecko has an easygoing and relaxed nature. Their triangular-shaped head, large bulging eyes and their ability to take on a variety of colors has made them a very popular pet in recent years.

Measuring 6-10 inches in length, gargoyle geckos can live for 20 years and because they're so friendly, they adapt really well to being kept as a pet. While generally placid, they can be territorial with other geckos and for that reason, they're best kept alone unless in a bonded pair.

15. Chinese Water Dragon

Native to southern China and Southeast Asia, the Chinese Water Dragon is relatively small with females measuring two feet in length and males growing to reach three feet.

They tend to live for around 14-16 years and while they're popular pets, many people underestimate their advanced needs and specific care requirements. Chinese Water Dragons need large enclosures measuring at least six feet in length, three feet in depth and six feet in height. They need a good pool of water that they can submerge at least half their height in and the temperature and lighting in the tank need to be kept at the correct levels for bone health.

They are social creatures who like to live in pairs or groups and they're one of the friendliest lizards so they don't mind being handled.

16. Hermann's tortoise

The gentle and calm Hermann's tortoise hails from Mediterranean Europe where it lives in rocky hillsides and forests. Mild mannered and beautiful to look at, this little tortoise measures just 6-8 inches in length and can live for a mind-blowing 75 years with the right care.

While they prefer not to be handled, they're typically very social and will often approach their owners in search of food. They also enjoy being around other Hermann's tortoises and are very active with a love of running, digging and foraging. It's worth noting that these tortoises do not do well inside, so you'll want to house them in an outdoor enclosure.

17. Red-footed tortoise

A long-lived reptile who will easily reach the age of 50, the red-footed tortoise is native to Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Barbados.

They require specific temperatures and humidity levels to thrive and their diet should be made up of dark leafy greens, vegetables, fruit and animal protein. Docile and easy going, they are active during the day and spend a lot of time digging and foraging.

Curious and known to approach their owners at feeding time, the red-footed tortoise is friendly but is easily stressed by excessive handling.

18. Frilled-necked lizard

Hailing from Australia, the frilled-neck lizard is a rare but fascinating little creature with a spectacular frill around their neck that they use as a defence mechanism when feeling threatened.

Typically docile and non-aggressive, frilled-neck lizards are quick and agile and while they're not overly fond of being handled, they make excellent pets due to their calm nature and relatively straightforward care needs. Frilled-neck lizards grow to around three feet in length and most will live for around 10-15 years.

19. Red-eyed crocodile skink

Endemic to New Guinea where it lives in tropical rainforests, the red-eyed crocodile skink is a shy and secretive little critter who does best when kept as a display pet. They love to hide and can become very stressed when handled, so keeping this to a minimum will ensure they remain happy and healthy in their habitat.

The red-eyed crocodile skink has very specific care needs, so their enclosure must contain moisture-retaining substrate in the form of bark and moss, as well as high humidity levels but cooler temperatures.

As long as they are looked after correctly, most red-eyed crocodile skinks can live for 10 years, with some living longer.

20. Greek tortoise

Greek tortoises are native to Southern Europe, Southwest Asia and Northern Africa where they inhabit various terrains including grasslands, rocky hillsides and forests.

They have a friendly, calm, gentle and interactive nature, which is why they've become so popular as pets. They are social creatures who enjoy the company of their owners, but like all tortoises, they can become stressed when handled so this is best kept to a minimum.

Greek tortoises do require a long-term commitment as most will live for 50 to 100 years when kept in favorable conditions.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Reptile tanks look very impressive when set up correctly, but achieving the perfect environment for your scaly friend is harder than it looks. In fact, reptile tank setup mistakes occur more often than you might think; there are so many factors at play, and a great deal of expertise goes into cultivating an ideal home.

What's more, there are no blanket conditions that can apply to all reptile species; from tortoises to lizards and turtles to snakes, each species needs a different setup to match their native environment.

Light, temperature, humidity, enrichment – these are just some of the details a potential reptile owner must know inside out to avoid common reptile tank setup mistakes. So, without further ado, let's dive into what can go wrong – and how to ensure it doesn't.

Reptile tank setup mistakes

1. Size

When it comes to housing reptiles, enclosure size has a huge effect on quality of life. Every reptile species is different, with its own set of territory and exercise requirements, and climate conditions to maintain.

While there may be a sale on a certain type of tank at your local pet store, starting with a tank of the incorrect size can cause stress and make it difficult to maintain appropriate humidity or temperature. While it might seem like bigger is always better, this isn't necessarily the case.

2. Substrate

What's under your reptile's feet is more influential than you might think, and using the wrong substrate on the floor of your tank could lead to a trip to the vet.

There are a variety of substrate options out there, but, as with many aspects of reptile care, there isn't really a one-size-fits-all option to act as an all-rounder for all reptile species. For example, while desert-dwelling species such as bearded dragons and sand boas love to burrow in a sand substrate, this material could cause impaction or injury in other species.

Similarly, some substrates can have an overwhelming effect on conditions inside the tank. For example, bark-based substrates help maintain high humidity, which is perfect for rainforest species, but not for reptiles that thrive in a dry environment. Always research safe, species-specific options.

3. Humidity

Speaking of humidity, each reptile has specific humidity needs that owners need to cater to, and using the wrong level can lead to dehydration or respiratory problems.

So, what factors affect humidity? As discussed above, substrate plays a role as well as heat lamp bulb type and misting technique, timing, and frequency. Be mindful, too, of where your tank is placed in your home; next the the bathroom might not be ideal for a dry air-loving pet!

4. Zones

Reptiles, of course, are cold-blooded and rely on their external environment to regulate their temperature. This means their tank shouldn't be one consistent temperature; rather, they require a warm and cool side to their enclosure, as well as a basking zone where the heat is most concentrated. This means they can use the different zones to thermoregulate appropriately.

So, how do you achieve this? One or more lamps will help you get the balance right, but make sure you research appropriate temperature ranges for your chosen reptile and maintain them at all times.

5. Temperature

Take out the guesswork by making sure your reptile tank's heat sources have a proper thermostat. Overheating is dangerous, so it's vital to keep control of each heat-emitting device, be it a heat mat, lamp, or ceramic heater, with a thermostat.

You can back up the heat reading on these devices with a thermometer to check they are performing as they should be.

6. Thermometers

Another of the top reptile tank setup mistakes to avoid is using only one thermometer. Use multiple thermometers to monitor basking, ambient, and cool areas accurately.

7. Airflow

Ventilation in a terrarium prevents stagnant air from accumulating. You can buy tanks with vents included, fit vent grids yourself, or even buy open-top enclosures that are fully meshed in place of an upper pane.

Of course, while an open-top tank offers great ventilation, this setup won't foster the highly humid environment some reptile species need. That said, a lack of airflow can cause a rise in temperature, mold growth, or even respiratory illness, so no matter the tank type, you need to ensure the tank has proper ventilation. If your tank's ventilation is less than ideal, you might find that using a fan helps to push hot air out, boost airflow, and help restore ideal conditions for your scaly friend.

8. Introducing new pets

Got an established tank and want to add a second reptile? Before introducing your new pet to his ready-made enclosure – and an existing friend – it’s really important to keep him separate from your other reptiles. Placing him in quarantine allows you to check for signs of disease or parasites. Keep him in a separate tank in a different room and ensure you practise biosecurity by washing your hands in between tending to your two tanks. This way, you keep your existing pets free from the risk of illness.

So, how long to quarantine a reptile? There are various opinions, with some keepers recommending up to six months. However, the consensus is a minimum of 90 days, with a vet exam before you introduce your new reptile to the communal tank.

9. Lighting

Appropriate lighting isn't just about heat and, well, light. It's the type of lighting that matters, too.

Reptiles need exposure to both UVA and UVB rays. UVB is essential for calcium absorption and bone health in many reptiles, so check your bulbs before you invest.

10. Day/night cycle

One of the biggest reptile tank setup mistakes concerns providing a proper day/night cycle. Whether your reptile is diurnal (awake during the day), nocturnal (awake during the night), or crepuscular (awake at dawn and dusk), it requires a proper simulation of day and night to maintain its circadian rhythm and support its natural behaviours.

So, don't leave your tank's lights on 24/7. Rather, adopt a 12 hours on, 12 hours off system, or whatever is recommended for your specific species.

11. Water

Choosing a water dish might not seem like a big deal, but there are a few things to consider. Firstly, material; a plastic dish might be upturned by a larger reptile, while a glass one, though stable and easy to clean, could potentially break. Furthermore, smaller lizards and snakes will want a shallow bowl, whereas a water turtle would want a deeper, larger dish.

A dish that is too deep risks drowning, while one that is too small or hard to access could lead to dehydration.

12. Overcrowding

Make sure your tank is the right size for the number of reptiles you want to keep there. Overcrowding can lead to stress, aggression, or illness, especially if your chosen reptile is a solitary species. Speak to a specialist at a reputable reptile store or a vet for advice, as this will inform the tank size, or indeed the reptile species, you buy.

If one of your reptiles becomes aggressive to its tankmates and the tank size is confirmed appropriate, you can try rearranging rocks and other features to mix up established territories, or even remove the aggressor.

13. Hiding places

Your reptile tank needs to be an appropriate playground for its scaly inhabitants. That means its features should satisfy your reptile's need to climb, bask, burrow, and hide as appropriate. After all, reptiles need both stimulation and security.

Substrate will come into this, but ensuring you have an appropriate offering of climbing structures, hides, and even reptile-safe live plants will help avoid stress and boredom.

14. Food

Before you bring your reptilian pal home, make sure you've adequately researched and prepared their menu. While it might seem most stimulating to offer live prey to tap into hunting instincts, you should proceed with caution: some reptiles need live prey, others don’t.

What's more, reptile species have a diverse range of dietary needs. There are so many surprising things that turtles can eat, like blackberries and crickets. Then you have insect-eating geckos or the meat-only diet of corn snakes. It's important to research thoroughly, as an improper diet can lead to malnutrition or obesity.

15. Cleaning

Infrequent tank cleaning is a big no-no. As a rule, reptile tanks should be deep cleaned weekly, which involves the removal of all enclosure contents to clean and replace or throw away, plus disinfecting the tank itself. Tanks should also be spot-cleaned daily, which involves removing dung and urine, wiping up spills, and clearing shed skin and uneaten food. Water should also be changed daily.

Neglecting spot cleans and deep cleans leads to odor, bacterial buildup, and potential health issues.

16. Handling

New reptiles need time to adjust, and frequent handling causes stress. You might be keen to bond with your new reptile, but handling them too much, too soon can harm the process. Be patient, give him time, and then gently encourage more interaction.

17. Knowlegde

As we've covered extensively in this list, each reptile species has specific needs. Whether you're a total reptile-owning newbie or have vast experience with one or two other species, don't rely on guesswork or aesthetics when you buy a new reptile. Consult reputable experts, like specialist reptile stores, vets, and the sources they recommend, and you can't go far wrong.

18. Safety

Tank décor needs to be appropriate, so don't be fooled by a deal you see online somewhere. Sharp objects, loose rocks, or unstable logs can injure your reptile, so while a viral reptile toy might be half off, your pet's safety is priceless. If possible, go to a store to 'try before you buy', and ask for expert advice while you're there.

19. Room to grow

Do you know the adult size of your new reptile? Misjudging growth size happens more often than you think, and some reptiles grow much larger than expected. Don't rush into buying a tank, and make sure you plan for adult size when choosing one. It may dwarf your new pet when they first arrive, but you don't want to cultivate the best reptile environment only to have to buy a new tank and start from scratch again!

20. Getting help

In this day and age, misinformation can spread like wildfire online. Not everything you see on Google is accurate, and as a general rule, you should look for further evidence if you come across a source that seems to scaremonger or be too good to be true. Use reputable reptile care guides or vet-approved sources where credentials are clear and verifiable.

Read next: Best toys for pet lizards

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

If you're thinking about bringing home a new feline friend, it's important to know the cost of owning a cat so you can budget and be prepared. Getting a pet is a huge responsibility – mentally, physically, and financially – so it's a good idea to have a clear understanding of what you're getting into.

While there are obvious things you'll need to stock up on (like food, treats, and the best cat toys), there are also some ongoing (and unexpected!) costs you might not have considered before.

With the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we've outlined everything you'll need to budget for – including upfront, ongoing, and surprise payments to be aware of.

Why is it important to know the cost of owning a cat?

Before you decide to bring home a new cat, it's important to work out a budget and determine whether you can afford all the costs involved.

Dr MacMillan says: "Unprepared owners can soon find themselves unable to afford things like routine parasite treatment or emergency vet visits. This could have some serious welfare implications for your cat. Over the years, I have seen unwanted pregnancies, household flea infestations, and untreated ailments all occur because of this.

"Sadly, some people run out of funds altogether and end up in a position where they are forced to rehome their pet. By being sensible and taking a realistic look at your finances before leaping into cat ownership, you could save yourself a lot of heartache and stress in the long run."

What is the lifetime cost of a cat?

It's impossible to give an exact lifetime cost of owning a cat, as this all depends on the breed you choose, how long they live, and the lifestyle they lead. If your pet runs into health issues during their life, things like vet bills and premium food costs can quickly add up.

After the initial expenses (outlined below), you can expect to spend anywhere between $33 and $290 per month on your cat – but it all depends on how much you're willing to spend. Keep in mind that this doesn't include unexpected costs, such as vet emergencies or pet sitters.

Initial costs of getting a cat

Unless you're looking for a specific pedigree breed, buying a cat doesn't have to be expensive – some rescue centers don't charge anything at all, while others just ask for a small adoption fee.

However, there are lots of things you'll need to buy in preparation for your cat coming home – and that's where things can get pricey.

You'll need a sturdy carrier for vet visits, a comfortable bed for them to sleep in, of of the best scratching posts to keep their claws in good condition, as well as bowls, collars, and toys. And that's all before you've had them microchipped and neutered or spayed!

Ongoing costs of having a cat

Once you've tackled those initial payments, you'll be spending monthly on things like insurance, food, and routine treatments. Cats live for around 13–20 years, so it's important to ensure you can afford those regular costs for many years to come.

Dr MacMillan says: "As well as initial costs, it is essential that you factor in the ongoing costs of owning a cat. These include routine veterinary care, such as annual booster vaccinations, anti-parasite treatment, and other check-ups.

"Many vets run pet health care plans that help owners to budget for this, as well as helping them to make some savings. Pet insurance is recommended to help cover your unexpected vet bills, but this will be another regular ongoing cost that needs to be accounted for.

"Food and kitty litter will also add up over the years, so they need to be factored in. Most owners find that toys and equipment often need replacing over time as they become worn or broken. If you like to travel or work away from home a lot then you will need to account for cattery or pet sitter fees for your cat."

Unexpected extra costs of cat ownership

Here are some unexpected costs you might not have considered:

1. Vet bills
Vet visits are inevitable for your cat, and if you want to avoid hefty bills, it's worth investing in pet insurance to help significantly reduce the cost.

Dr MacMillan says: "Insurance also allows cats to receive a higher level of care than most pet owners could otherwise afford, opening up the door to things like specialist referral treatment."

2. Behaviorist
If you struggle with cat behavioral issues, like aggression, anxiety, or litter box problems, you might have to fork out for a specialist to help.

3. Cattery or cat sitter
While cats are independent creatures and can be left longer than dogs, they still require daily care and attention, which is something to bear in mind if you like to go on vacation. You might have to pay for their stay in a cattery or a cat sitter.

4. Pet camera
If you worry about leaving your cats alone, you might want to buy one of the best pet cameras for peace of mind. This can also be helpful for checking if your cat sitter is actually coming to look after them – with their permission to film, of course.

Read next: How to be a good cat owner and things to do when preparing for a new kitten

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

The rarest horse breeds come from all regions of the globe. Some are desert-dwelling equines with ancient roots, while others learned to thrive in the harsh and rugged landscape of the wildest parts of Britain. Others are more recent cultivations, carefully selected for key characteristics such as color and conformation.

One thing all these breeds have in common is scarcity. Indeed, some of these beautiful breeds only have a handful of individuals left. Though small in number, all these elusive equines have so much to offer, from sporting skill and sleek, elegant coats to vital conservation work and cultural heritage. Here are 20 of the rarest horse breeds that deserve your attention.

Rarest horse breeds

1. Clydesdale

Clydesdales are closely associated with Budweiser, and many Super Bowl viewers will recognise them from the company’s famous commercials. While it’s true Clydesdales are great for driving work, and they still participate in farm and heritage work such as logging, many also rate them highly as riding horses.

Clydesdales are one of the largest horse breeds, and recognizable by their flowing white feathers that adorn their lower legs. Many also have white blazes down their faces. It’s thought that the global Clydesdale population is fewer than 5,000.

2. Suffolk

The Suffolk horse is also known as the Suffolk Punch, and is always a brownish orange color known as chestnut, or “chesnut” in local dialect. Like many UK draft breeds, the Suffolk was the precursor to the tractor and worked the land on farms, in forests, and transported goods to market.

Today, the Suffolk horse is often touted to be rarer than the panda. In fact, the breed numbers fewer than 500 in the UK today. Thanks to the work and promotion of breed preservation societies, it’s hoped these numbers will increase.

3. Akhal-Teke

The Akhal-Teke spent generations roaming the Kakarum Desert in Central Asia and has ancient roots – Macedonian King Alexander the Great is said to have ridden them. Records of the breed date back approximately 3,000 years, but equine remains found at a Siberian burial site dating as far back as the 6th century BC are remarkably similar to the Akhal-Teke of today. The Akhal-Teke is frequently crossed with thoroughbreds and sport horse breeds to harness their athletic abilities and flair for endurance.

Akhal-Tekes have a distinct conformation, including a long, slender neck that tapers at the almond-shaped head, which is carried high. They are also famed for their coats’ shimmering sheen-like quality. There are around 6,600 Akhal-Teke in the world, mostly found in Turkmenistan, where they are a national symbol.

4. Carolina Marsh Tacky

Marsh Tackies are an American saddle horse descended from colonial Spanish equines brought to the coast of South Carolina in the 1500s. The breed was developed on the Sea Islands of South Carolina to create a small, sturdy and surefooted mount that can navigate the soft and arduous marsh terrain.

Marsh Tackies are also well adapted to the hot and humid climate of the marshes, both in their ability to withstand heat and remain unflustered with their calm and easygoing manner. An integral element of South Carolina culture, they are extremely rare, with an estimated 400 Tackies alive today.

5. Exmoor

Exmoor ponies are named for the English national park where they can be found. They are widely considered to be one of the world’s oldest equine breeds. Some theories posit they have prehistoric origins, descending from wild horses from north-west Europe more than a hundred millennia ago.

Exmoors are small and stout, often bay in color, and are recognizable for the white markings that encircle their eyes and muzzles. Living wild in harsh climates for 100s of generations has made them very hardy and easy keepers – many owners keep them out all year round with no need to blanket. There are thought to be around 2,000 Exmoors worldwide.

6. Dartmoor

This English moorland pony has been a recorded inhabitant of Dartmoor, another Devonshire national park, since the Middle Ages. They’re sure-footed, tough, and able to withstand the harshest wintry conditions, which makes them great grazers for conservation and rewilding projects.

Dartmoor ponies are generally one block dark color. Semi-wild pony numbers on Dartmoor have dropped in the last 25 years, and there are around 800 roaming the moorland. Estimates put the global population of Dartmoor ponies at around 2,000-5,000.

7. Marwari

Once the stuff of myth and legend, genome mapping in the 2010s revealed Arabian and Mongolian components to this Indian breed’s make-up, confirming stories that native ponies were crossed with Arabians to produce the breed. Marwaris were then cultivated by the Rathores, rulers of the Marwar region, who used them as cavalry and riding horses.

Marwaris fell out of favour in the 20th century as British colonizers preferred the thoroughbred. Today, they number about 5,000 worldwide. They can be recognized by their iconic curved ears and athletic build.

8. American Cream Draft

The American Cream is the only draft horse breed developed in the USA. They became popular in the 1930s, and one owner in particular, Clarence T Rieson, was particularly influential in cultivating the breed. Indeed, he was one of the founding members of the American Cream Draft Horse Association.

Sadly, the breed was established just as the market for draft horses was obliterated by the rise of mechanization. Thankfully, a few owners kept hold of their American Creams, and breed development efforts resumed in the 1980s. Though rare, with approximately 400 individuals registered, it’s hoped dedicated breeding programmes and renewed interest will help numbers rise.

9. Sorraia

For a long time, the Sorraia existed virtually unknown beyond local knowledge, but awareness began to spread from 1920. At this point, a Portuguese paleontologist and zoologist, Dr Roy d’Andrade, came across the breed in the lowlands of the Iberian Peninsula by the river Sorraia.

Occasionally, locals would catch them and train them for herding or farming work, but they were largely an untouched equine population. Conservation efforts began in the 1930s, and the small herd expanded. There is still much to learn about Sorraia’s origins, but they have primitive markings such as a black dorsal stripe and “zebra markings” on their legs.

Prehistoric cave art resembling the Sorraia suggests this breed is ancient indeed. With an estimated 200-300 individuals worldwide, the Sorraia isn’t just one of the rarest horse breeds, but also critically endangered.

10. Eriskay

Born dark but usually turning grey with age, Eriskay ponies are docile and built to thrive in harsh Scottish winters. They were invaluable to the people of the Hebridean Islands for farm work and hauling peat for winter fuel, but as mechanization took hold in the latter half of the 20th century, their numbers declined.

Eriskays’ thriftiness makes them great conservation grazers, while their strength and stamina mean they are ideal for driving. They have sweet natures, which makes them popular riding ponies for children. It’s estimated there could be fewer than 500 Eriskay ponies worldwide.

11. Highland

Highland ponies look similar to Eriskays, but despite their geographic proximity, the two breeds are genetically quite different.

Highlands are best known as the favored breed of the late Queen Elizabeth II. As sure-footed, docile, and good-natured mounts, they were the perfect choice to carry the British monarch, and the late Queen was often seen riding them well into her 90s. Today, an estimated 5,500 Highland ponies can be found worldwide.

12. Noma

The small but mighty Noma was favoured by Japanese farmers from the 17th century for its agility and stamina – it made a superb pack pony for mountainous terrain. However, the breed declined after the Russo-Japanese War of the early 20th century, when taller horses were more useful for military purposes.

By 1978, there were just six individuals left: a pair at Tobe Zoo and a stallion and three mares belonging to a private owner. A government-backed breeding programme was established, and that number has grown to around 80 today.

13. American Bashkir Curly

This interesting breed is instantly recognizable for its curly coat with a crushed velvet look, which is also hypoallergenic. Also known as the North American Curly Horse, records show the breed was discovered at the turn of the 20th century by Peter Damele, who came across three curly-coated equines while riding out through the Nevada desert.

Curlies can be found in all horse colors and have a sturdy build with strong, heavy-boned legs. Their hardiness and gentle nature make them great all-around saddle horses. Estimates put their numbers anywhere between 1,000-4,000 worldwide.

14. Caspian

Small in stature though still considered a horse for its conformation, the Caspian has ancient Persian roots with genetic links the Turkmenistan’s Akhal-Teke. Though not a new breed, the Caspian underwent something of a resurgence in the 1960s when Louise Firouz, a native of Virginia, and her Iranian husband, Narcy, were looking for ideal horses for children. They heard about the small-but-capable Caspian and began a breeding program.

In the 1970s, the late Prince Philip of England was gifted a breeding pair of Caspians, and conservation efforts took off. In the last ten years, studs in the UK have closed and numbers have dwindled to fewer than 500 in Britain, perhaps around 2,000 worldwide.

15. Camarillo White Horse

There are an estimated fewer than 30 Camarillo White Horses in existence, arguably making it one of the rarest horse breeds in the world. A relatively new breed, and a breed native to America, the Camarillo was cultivated from 1921 by a California family of the same name. The foundation stallion, ‘Sultan’, was purchased by the family from the 1921 Sacramento State Fair and bred with Morgan mares at their ranch in Ventura County.

The Camarillo is known for its pure white color with pink skin. Many greys are born dark and slowly turn, but the Camarillo is pure white from birth. A pure white horse is extremely hard to breed, and mating two white horses only has a 50% chance of breeding a white foal. All known white horses have one copy of the white gene, and it is understood that two copies would result in a failed pregnancy.

16. Cleveland Bay

The Cleveland Bay’s history can be traced back to the 17th century. The breed is named for its bay colouring and its native district of Cleveland in the northern English county of Yorkshire. They are short-backed and strong, which made them ideal for pulling heavy loads of wool from the farms to the mills of northern England. They were also widely used as carriage horses.

Today, Cleveland Bays are prized as riding and driving horses and are seen competing in a variety of activities, from jumping to showing. There are approximately 1,000 Cleveland Bays worldwide.

17. Przewalski’s Wild Horse

Przewalski’s horse is the only truly wild species of horse in the world. They can be identified by their stocky build, short legs, straight backs, zebra-like mane, and dorsal stripe running from the wither, or base of the mane, to the dock, or tail bone.

Extinct in the wild, the Przewalski's horse can be found at reintroduction sites in Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan. Believed to have diverged from a common ancestor half a million years ago, the Przewalski has 66 chromosomes, whereas domesticated horses have 64. They are also known as Takhi, which means “spirit” in Mongolian.

18. Canadian

The official national horse of Canada, the Canadian is a descendant of French horses sent to the region in 1665 by King Louis XIV. Additional imports followed to establish an equine breeding population in the French colonies.

The breed is thought to share ancestry with British native breeds such as the Clydesdale as well as other European draft breeds. The Canadian horse has also influenced the modern Morgan, and they are usually bay, black, or brown. Historically, the Canadian was the ultimate all-rounder for saddle, farm, and driving work, and was also outcrossed with other breeds to serve different purposes. Today, its global population is around 6,000 animals.

19. Newfoundland

Another Canadian breed, the Newfoundland, is a pony type established from equine stock brought over to the region by British and Irish settlers. The Newfoundland is thought to have a variety of British native pony breeds as part of its genetic makeup, including the Exmoor, Dartmoor, Highland, and Irish Connemara.

These ponies are built to withstand the harshest weather and, before the Industrial Revolution, were used to fetch kelp from the seashore, plough fields, and gather firewood. Breed numbers dwindled with the rise of machinery, and by 1980, the population dropped from several thousand to just a couple of hundred. The global population today is roughly 2,000.

20. Zorse

A zorse is the offspring of a zebra stallion and a mare that resembles the mother with some zebra markings overlaid on the base coat color. The offspring are sterile and cannot reproduce.

Early documentation of zorses can be found in the late 19th century, when Scottish zoologist James Cossar Ewart began his Penicuik Experiments that saw him cross various species as part of his study of genetics. There are estimated to be about 100 zorses worldwide.

Read next: Miniature horse breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

As a pet parent, I often wonder what my cats think about throughout the day. What are they pondering when they rub their face on things? What’s going through their minds when they knock a vase off the edge of the table? And do they think about me when I’m not there?

Cats are confusing and mysterious creatures – one minute they're rolling around on their belly and purring as you stroke them, the next, they've got four paws wrapped around your arm with claws buried deep in your skin – so I'd love to know what really goes on in those heads of theirs.

To find out the answers, I asked Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with 16 years of experience working with cats, to see what she had to say. While we can't ever know 100% what's inside their brain, experts like her can make a pretty good educated guess!

What cats think about

1. Food and water

You could probably guess this one yourself, but Dr MacMillan explains that food and water are high up on your cat's list of thoughts, as their survival depends on them.

She says, "They are hardwired to give this some serious consideration. If your cat is bored and lacking other forms of mental stimulation, then food will dominate their thoughts even more."

So, if you've noticed your cat is overeating and you've ruled out any underlying medical conditions, investing in the best puzzle feeder is a great way to keep them occupied while satisfying their cravings.

2. Their environment

Next on the list is their environment. What place can they explore next? Where can they hide? What could they jump on? And are there any threats to be wary of? Cats are curious by nature and are always looking for ways to interact with the world around them.

She adds, "New sounds, visitors, or smells will give your cat some pause for thought and could even make them feel anxious. Cats are very territorial animals and will spend plenty of time keeping an eye on their surroundings, in between cat naps and other activities."

It's important to provide your feline with plenty of the best cat toys, ledges, scratching posts, and hiding spots to help them express these natural instincts.

3. Social interactions and play

Cats are more sociable than most people think, and a lot of the time, they'll be thinking about how to interact with you and any other pets they live with.

Dr MacMillan says, "Hopefully, these are all positive thoughts, but some cats will suffer from stress and anxiety when introductions haven’t been smooth. Cats soon learn to seek you out for play and a fuss, so they might be thinking about this and contemplating their next move."

When it comes to play, your cat needs around an hour every day, but you can break this up into smaller sessions to make it more manageable. Lots of pet parents find the best automated cat toys helpful for when they're not around the house.

While humans often dwell on the past, cats are excellent at living in the moment and are most interested in what’s happening now. That being said, Dr MacMillan says they have pretty good memories!

She adds: "Don’t forget that cats also sleep a fair amount, so catnaps will help to break up their day, giving their busy brains a rest."

Read next: Signs your cat is happy and do cats think humans are cats?

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

What are the most popular pets in the world? The world of pet ownership is remarkably diverse. While dogs and cats top every listing as the most popular pets globally, there are plenty of other mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish vying for our attention.

There are timeless favorites, trending creatures, and those with enduring appeal and cultural significance. There are pets to suit different living situations and personalities, whether you love fur, feathers, or fins.

Let’s take a look at those pets that have particularly captured human hearts.

Most popular pets in the world

1. Dogs

By most metrics, dogs are considered the most popular pet of all, and it’s not hard to see why. “Man’s best friend” is loyal, companionable, and shows unconditional love to their human family – and within the species, it’s French Bulldogs that take the top spot for the most popular dog breed in the US.

Research has proven that dogs improve our mental health, lower stress, anxiety, and feelings of loneliness.

2. Cats

You’re either a dog person or a cat person, so the saying goes, and the popularity of our feline friends would bear this out. We’d argue you can certainly be both – but if you’re not one, you are the other. While dogs consistently rank as the most popular pet, cats come a close second – and in some countries they take top billing.

They’re beloved for their low-maintenance needs, independent nature, and therapeutic benefits. Who doesn’t love a purr?

3. Fish

Fish typically rank third in lists of most popular pets, with the Covid pandemic having spurred a boon in fish ownership as people devoted more time to hobbies at home.

Fish are relatively low maintenance to take care of (although water parameters in aquariums can feel like they require a biology degree), they are mesmerising to look at and create a calm atmosphere in the home.

Plus, there are so many varieties and price points – whether you’re going for freshwater fish, saltwater fish, or pretty tropical fish, there’s something for everyone.

4. Parrots

Parrots are social creatures that have been kept as pets for centuries – and not just by pirates in fairytales. They provide companionship and interaction; they’re intelligent, with their ability to mimic human speech, and can even learn tricks. Another draw is their aesthetic appeal with their vibrantly colored feathers.

Bear in mind, they live for decades, so parrot owners are in it for the long haul. Plus, they demand a lot of time, effort, and attention.

5. Chickens

Chickens are the only pet that pays you back, so they say – thanks to a daily egg delivery, if you’re lucky. They are an increasingly popular pet, especially as people try to become more self-sufficient.

They provide a great learning experience for kids, teaching them about how to look after a living creature, building a bond, while being relatively low-maintenance and rewarding!

6. Hamsters

Hamsters are popular pets with families, and are particularly suitable for those who would love to have an animal in the home, but are limited by space.

They are super fun creatures who bond well with humans given proper attention, while being less demanding in time, money, and effort than many other animals, such as dogs.

Sadly, their little lives are short – around two years – but this will suit those testing the waters of pet ownership.

7. Guinea pigs

Guinea pigs are much loved in the western world as a family pet, being gentle and interactive. Their small size means they suit homes without abundant outdoor space, and compared to some other pets, they are fairly low-maintenance and inexpensive to keep. They do prefer to live alongside other guineas, which is a great excuse to have several!

8. Rabbits

Rabbits are sometimes viewed as “starter pets,” but the reality is that they are not low-maintenance and have specific needs, depending on the breed of rabbit, and a relatively long lifespan.

They remain a popular choice among families, probably because they are – quite simply – adorable! Whether a companionable house bunny or fluffy lionhead or one of the giant breeds, all types of rabbits have wonderfully endearing qualities – but they do require appropriate space, exercise, stimulation, and interaction.

9. Gerbils

Gerbils are great fun as pets and deservedly popular. They are entertaining and sociable, with curious and outgoing personalities. They do like to be kept alongside other gerbils, as well as forming strong bonds with humans, too, which makes them a companionable pet to have in the home.

10. Chinchillas

With their velvety fur and playful characters, chinchillas are a rewarding pet that lives for a long time, unlike many of the other rodent pets. It's worth reading up on how to care for chincillas because their needs can be a little particular.

Don’t expect them to be super cuddly, but they are engaging and entertaining. They positively need playtime, they can be messy, and they love to gnaw through anything. But if you’re up for all of the above, you’ll enjoy the companionship of a charming and interactive creature!

11. Rats

Rats aren’t everyone’s cup of tea, but those who love them really love them. They are intelligent creatures, affectionate and fun, as well as being relatively easy and inexpensive to look after.

One of the most fun things about rats is their ability to learn tricks such as jumping through hoops, spinning, mazes, recall, and fetch. Now that’s better than most dogs...

12. Mice

While slightly less popular as pets than rats, mice require less space and are arguably cuter to look at, being so tiny. They’re also less smelly. Mice tend to be more wary of humans, however, and their lifespan is woefully short.

13. Pigs

Interest in pet pigs – typically miniature breeds – has grown over recent years, probably thanks to celebrities adopting pigs and posting on social media.

They are remarkably intelligent creatures who can be trained to walk on a leash, go to the bathroom appropriately, and even do a few tricks.

They are highly sociable animals who require plenty of attention and enrichment, as well as appropriate outdoor space for piggy activities such as snuffling and exercise.

14. Budgies

Like parrots, budgies are remarkably intelligent birds who can mimic speech, which makes them great fun and engaging companions.

They tend to be cheaper both to purchase and to keep than larger parrot species, while retaining all of the appeal of the vibrant plumage and talking ability. They are fairly easy to tame, with a bit of patience, and form strong bonds with their owners.

15. Turtles

Turtles – including aquatic turtles and land-lubbing tortoises – make fascinating pets, offering a very different type of experience to owning a cat or dog.

With their hard carapace – or watery environment – this is not a pet for those who love a cuddle, but they are captivating to watch trundling around.

They are a good option for those with allergies, due to their lack of fur and dander, however, they wouldn’t be ideal for everyone, with their very specific habitat requirements and long lifespan. A pet requiring serious, enduring commitment.

16. Axolotls

The Minecraft computer game gave rise to a fascination with axolotls when they appeared in the video game – albeit in very blocky form. Their perma-smile, other-worldly appearance, and ability to regenerate have made them shoot up in popularity, however, they do have complex living requirements due to being an exotic pet.

Critics warn that they are vulnerable to impulse purchases, yet they have a relatively long lifespan of 15 years. In some US states and Canadian provinces, it is illegal to keep them.

17. Lizards

Lizards are a popular reptile species to keep as pets, and are often suitable for beginners. There are many varieties, from dragons and geckos to chameleons, all with their own unique appeal.

Besides being fascinating to look at, they tend to be easy to handle and don’t require daily walks or training!

18. Snakes

A low-maintenance pet with polarized popularity, snakes are among the most common exotic pets. The typical pet varieties, corn snakes and ball pythons, are calm and docile. They suit those who don’t have masses of time to devote to a pet’s training and stimulation, but they are a long-term commitment and have specific accommodation requirements.

19. Ferrets

Playful, curious, and affectionate, ferrets are relatively trainable and make for a companionable small pet. They are high-energy, with a mischievous air, which makes for a fun and entertaining little friend. Downsides? They love to chew and can be stinky.

20. Equines

While ridden horses aren’t typically classed as pets, miniature horses make great companion animals for horse lovers who may not have the acreage for the full-size version. They are bred to be friendly and sociable, and many are trained as therapy animals to go into hospices, education settings, and so on.

You’d still need a decent outdoor space – at least a quarter of an acre per horse – this is not a pet to keep in your home or back yard.

Read next: Most expensive pets in the world

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Small but perfectly formed, how many miniature horse breeds do you know?

We’ll be exploring some of the most adorable tiny equines in this article, but it should be noted that technically, not just any tiny pony can be called a miniature horse – more about this below.

Tiny equines need all the care and attention that larger horses do, and it would be a fallacy to think you can scale down your horse husbandry due to their size. In fact, minis need special attention paid to their weight. Monitoring their feed intake closely and ensuring they are exercised properly keeps minis happy and healthy.

Minis aren’t really for riding, but there are still so many ways to exercise, bond and have fun with a mini horse pal. They can be driven, for example, exhibited in showing classes and even take part in horse agility. They can be walked like a dog, too!

So, without further ado, let’s get a taste for the smallest horse breeds around!

Miniature horse breeds

5. Shetland

We kick off the list with one of the most iconic pony breeds, the Shetland. Not only are these little floofballs one of the smallest equine breeds, they can also be considered among the oldest.

Hailing from the Shetlands, a group of small islands more than 100 miles from mainland Scotland, the eponymous pony, or at least its ancestors, are thought to have been found there more than 2,000 years ago. The generations of living in a wild landscape with harsh weather and limited food have made the Shetland what it is today – a hardy, resilient breed with an attitude to match its stunning yet unpredictable native land.

Shetlands were originally used for land-based tasks, transport and mining. Nowadays, life isn’t as tough and they are doted on as pets and children’s riding ponies. Lovable yet stubborn, a Shetland knows its own mind and will take advantage of any sign of weakness!

4. Dutch Miniature

The Dutch Miniature, or Nederlands Minipaard, is a finely-built miniature horse breed and has been established with a studbook since 1993. Initially, all horses under 106cm (42 inches) were welcome, allowing diverse genetics to help cultivate the little Dutch horse further. Today, those hoping to register their horse in the studbook must have a Dutch Mini pedigree with registered parents.

Dutch Minis are widely shown and the breed registry holds a summer show for minis of all breeds on the first Saturday of July. There are various classes, including jumping, driving and showing.

3. Miniature Shetland

Okay, we’re technically repeating here, but did you know Shetland ponies come in an even tinier version?

Just when you thought these little guys couldn’t get cuter and more floofy, along comes the Mini Shetland. They’re just like the standard size – chunky, surefooted, resiliant and cheeky – but can be more than ten inches smaller.

2. American Miniature

The American Miniature is another of the miniature horse breeds that should look like an exact, tiny replica of a full-size riding horse.

According to the American Miniature Horse Association, the mini horse didn’t enter wider public awareness until the 1960s. However, their recorded history in the US begins in 1888 with records of an imported mini. The belief that the American Mini was cultivated further by way of crossing with imported European mining horses is widely held, and it’s thought the size might have been shrunk down with some Shetland Pony genes, too.

American Minis make for great companions; they’re affectionate, fun-loving and trainable. They can be driven and are prime candidates for halter work and equine agility.

1. Falabella

This tiny Argentine breed takes the top spot with ease! Falabellas are pretty rare, with just a few thousand purebreds worldwide, but despite their super-small stature, they can withstand temperature extremes and rugged terrains.

The breed’s origins lie in the Spanish horses brought to South America from the 16th century onwards. Essentially running wild, these horses made their way to isolated regions outside Buenos Aires, while some joined herds that belonged to the indigenous Mapuche people. Centuries in the harsh environment with scant forage and water cultivated the breed’s stamina and intelligence.

In 1845, Irishman Patrick Newtall noticed the Argentine people were keeping unusually small horses alongside their riding horses, and began keeping and breeding them, transferring his knowledge to his son-in-law, Juan Falabella, prior to his death.

Falabella cross-bred with other horse breeds, namely Shetland ponies and specially-selected English thoroughbreds, to develop the Falabella – a scaled-down horse with a refined head and tiny features perfectly in proportion.

How small was the smallest horse ever?

According to Guinness World Records, the smallest horse ever documented was Thumbelina, a miniature from St Louis, Missouri. She stood at a minuscule 17 inches to the wither (that’s a little over 4hh) and weighed just 57lb. That’s about the same as an English Bulldog!

What is a miniature horse?

A miniature horse is just that – a sport or riding horse in miniature. Essentially, miniature horse breeds look like a full-size horse shrunk down, and maintain all the qualities of a horse, just teeny-tiny.

While you might come across a pony and a miniature horse standing at the same height, you’ll be able to tell the difference because the pony will, well, look like a pony. That is to say that ponies commonly have a heavier build, a proportionally shorter body and legs, a wider barrel, thicker necks and shorter heads.

Another thing to note is that miniature horses have been selectively bred to achieve this scaled-down aesthetic over hundreds of years, and many different nations have cultivated their own versions of these tiny little guys.

There are some pet birds that like to be handled and others that don't, so it's worth giving some thought to how important this is to you before you adopt. If you want a species that will let you pick them up and perhaps even give them a cuddle, the birds on this list tick that box nicely.

Taking care of pet birds isn't as easy as you might think – just like dogs and cats, our beaked buddies require lots of attention and affection in order to thrive – although some require more interaction than others.

The birds below all enjoy human companionship, with many forming deep bonds with their humans. Some require training and socialization from a young age to make them easy to handle while others will enjoy (and demand!) handling from the minute they meet you.

Pet birds that like to be handled

1. Budgerigar

The budgerigar, or 'budgie' as it's often called, is one of the most popular bird breeds worldwide and for good reason. Gentle, sweet-natured, and affectionate, they are lovely birds who can live for around 10-12 years with the correct care.

Budgies are known for mimicking sounds, and they love learning new tricks, so they can be very entertaining pets to have in the home. Budgies that have been hand-raised by humans are happy to be handled, and they're very social creatures, so they do best with another budgie or an owner who can give them a lot of interaction.

2. Cockatiel

The cockatiel is a playful, curious, and sociable bird that thrives when they have lots of human companionship. They adore being petted, especially around their crest, and have a reputation for loving a cuddle or two.

Cockatiels have a long lifespan, with many living well into their twenties, so it's worth bearing in mind that if you plan to adopt one, you'll likely have them for a long time. They need a lot of attention to ensure they thrive and while generally gentle birds, they can sometimes playfully nip when they're having fun.

3. Cockatoo

Known as the Velcro bird because of how cuddly they are with their owners, Cockatoos are lively and affectionate birds with an intelligent nature. Highly social, these birds bond deeply with their humans and crave their companionship, so they don't do well in homes where there's no one around during the day.

Loyal and playful, cockatoos love to vocalise, so expect a lot of noise in your life if you plan on adopting one of these birds. Cockatoos are quite demanding creatures who require a lot of mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy – they can also live for up to 70 years, so you'll want to ensure you have the time and energy to devote to them.

4. Lovebird

They may be small, but lovebirds are very active and surprisingly feisty at times, given their name! Curious and playful, these birds come in a range of beautiful colors and make truly charming companions.

With a life expectancy of 10-15 years, lovebirds are flock animals who thrive when they have other lovebirds to keep them company. However, they also bond deeply with their humans and enjoy being handled. Just bear in mind that they can be territorial and aggressive if not properly trained from a young age.

5. African Grey Parrot

If you're a fan of birds with complex personalities and off-the-charts intelligence, then the African Grey Parrot may well be your new forever friend. Known for their persistence in trying to solicit head scratches from their humans, this bird has an extraordinary ability to imitate those around them, an extensive vocabulary, and a love of putting it all to good use by chatting nonstop.

Playful birds who enjoy climbing and chewing, because the African Grey Parrot is so smart, they need a lot of physical and mental stimulation each day, with the best toys for parrots to keep them from becoming bored and destructive. These birds thrive on predictable schedules and routines and do not like change.

6. Green-Cheeked Conure

A big personality packed into a small body, green-cheeked conures like to be held and are never happier than when spending time interacting with their favorite humans. Relatively quiet birds, they're striking to look at and mischievous in nature.

Green-cheeked conures can live for up to 30 years, so they're a great choice if you're after a feathered friend who will be with you for a long time. Known to be fast learners, they do well with training, and while they can be nippy at times, they're generally fairly easygoing birds.

7. Hyacinth Macaw

Gentle giants who form strong bonds with their human family, the Hyacinth Macaw is a striking bird with a cobalt blue coat and bright yellow markings around their eyes and the base of their lower jaw. They are the largest parrot by length in the world, measuring 40 inches from head to tail, and can live for up to 60 years.

Powerful birds with strong beaks, you do need to take care when interacting with them, as even though they are fairly docile, a playful nip could still cause injury. Affectionate and intelligent, they demand a lot of attention and can be very vocal, so they're not a good choice if you have neighbors in close range!

8. Canary

A sweet and gentle little soul who is known for being very hands-on with its owners, the Canary is an active and lively bird who can be handled fairly easily, although they don't like being held for long periods like a budgie might.

With its cheerful disposition and melodious voice, the Canary is a delight to have in the home and while they enjoy the company of people, they are very undemanding. A fairly solitary bird, the Canary will co-exist with other birds in an aviary without issue, but they are very content to be housed alone.

9. Dove

Doves are placid and mild-mannered birds with sweet and quiet natures. A symbol of peace in many cultures, they are calm, graceful, and great for beginners. They live for an average of 10 years, but with the proper care, many can live beyond this.

All doves are different, so some do prefer a hands-off approach, but many others will be quite happy to accept gentle handling. Their soothing coos can be wonderful to have in the home, although it's worth noting that they are social birds who like to live in small flocks, so you'll want to get more than one.

10. Parrotlet

A spirited bird with a personality much bigger than their small size, the parrotlet craves human interaction but is known for being stubborn and more than a little cheeky at times. Charming and intelligent, parrotlets come in a range of colors and can live for up to 30 years.

While they're affectionate and quiet, they are also known for being feisty and temperamental but thankfully, training, socialization, and lots of mental stimulation can help to reduce this. They enjoy cuddling and being petted and are smart enough to learn new tricks.

11. Double Yellow-Headed Amazon

A striking bird with a green body and yellow head, the Double Yellow-Headed Amazon is a medium-sized parrot that can live a whopping 80 years or more when well cared for.

When hand-fed and reared from a young age, these birds can make wonderful pets thanks to their affectionate nature, but they expect (and demand) to be the center of attention, so they need an owner who can give them a lot of attention.

12. Eclectus parrot

An observant bird who is often described by those who own one as being calm, caring, and tranquil in nature, the eclectus parrot is an affectionate soul who enjoys being included in family life and forges strong bonds with their humans.

Eclectus parrots can live for up to 50 years, and they have eye-catching colors that will make them the main conversation piece when visitors come to your home. They are very friendly birds, but they are also deeply sensitive and can become stressed if they feel they're not being given enough attention.

13. Pionus parrot

Sweet-tempered and easygoing, the gentle pionus parrot is a great choice if you've never owned a bird before. They are very devoted to their humans, but at the same time, they have a lovely independent streak that makes them an undemanding companion.

Pionus parrots enjoy interacting with their owners and love playing games. They're a relatively quiet species so they're ideal if you live in an apartment or busy suburban street with neighbors in close proximity. They tend to attach most strongly to one person and can live for 40 years.

14. Meyer's Parrot

Highly intelligent and very funny, the Meyer's Parrot is a small and stocky bird with a life expectancy of around 30 years. Laid back and hugely social, they like regular handling and can be very affectionate.

Gentle and quiet, the Meyer's Parrot enjoys being the center of attention and tends to bond equally with all members of their human family. Because they're so smart and quick to learn, you'll find it a breeze teaching them new tricks, which can be a great way of offering them the mental stimulation they need to thrive.

15. Red-shouldered macaw

Also known as the Hahn's Macaw, the red-shouldered macaw is the smallest of the Macaws, and their playful nature makes them an ideal family pet. They love learning new tricks, and with practice, they can become good talkers with a wide vocabulary.

Although small, these charming birds have big personalities, but if you're on the hunt for a fun-filled companion, this could well be the bird for you. Affectionate souls who bond strongly with their people, as long as they've been hand-raised, they're very easy to handle.

16. Indian Ringneck Parakeet

The Indian Ringneck Parakeet can make a great pet – as long as it's socialized from a young age to get it comfortable with being handled. Playful and remarkably intelligent, they are curious and playful birds with outstanding vocal abilities.

While they can be very interactive with their humans, they're also independent enough to be comfortable with you not being around 24/7. They may not be cuddly birds, but Indian Ringneck Parakeets love to bond with their family through play and training.

17. Bourke's Parakeet

A gentle, peaceful, and even-tempered bird with a calm temperament and a friendly nature, the Bourke's Parakeet is a joy to have in the home. They have a soft and tranquil voice and demeanor, and while they still need daily mental and physical enrichment, they are less active than other birds.

While they are bonded to their humans and like to ride on their shoulders, they're also independent enough to entertain themselves when their favorite people are out of the house. With the right care, Bourke's Parakeets can live for around 25 years.

18. Scarlet-chested parakeet

The scarlet-chested parakeet is a stunning bird that sports a range of bold and beautiful colors. Gentle and docile, they are introverted in nature and a wonderful choice if you're looking for a quiet companion.

While they're not gregarious and demanding of attention and affection like some birds, they enjoy interacting with people and can be handled as long as they have had proper socialization from a young age.

19. Lineolated parakeet

Named for its fine lines, the lineolated parakeet is one of the quietest and calmest members of the parrot family, which makes it a good choice for apartment dwellers. Charming and even-tempered, they are comical creatures who make very entertaining pets.

The lineolated parakeet is always eager to spend time with their humans, and it adores perching on their shoulders or following them around the house. While they're very mellow birds, they do bore easily, so they're best suited to people who have lots of time to spend interacting with them.

20. Jardine’s Parrot

Playful and energetic with a steady and mild temperament, the Jardine's Parrot is outgoing, affectionate, and highly intelligent. These birds adore a good head scratch, and while they're fairly independent, they still enjoy lots of interaction.

A fairly long-lived bird, Jardine's Parrots can live for around 35 years with the right care and attention. Less demanding than other parrots, they can happily entertain themselves as long as they have lots of toys to keep them occupied and while they can be easily handled, you'll want all members of the family to be handling them from a young age to prevent them from becoming a one-person bird.

Read next: Quietest pet birds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Looking for fish that clean the tank so that you don't have to spend so much time doing it for yourself? We've got you covered with these algae-eating species who will have your aquarium looking clean and sparkling in no time at all.

If you've ever found yourself wondering why your fish tank is cloudy, chances are that algae is to blame. While algae isn't actually a problem and rarely creates any health issues where your tank is concerned, there's no denying it can turn your aquarium into a mess.

Thankfully, there are dozens of species to choose from when it comes to fish that will help to clean your tank. These freshwater fish make a brilliant clean-up crew regardless of the size of your aquarium – just be sure to do your research to make sure you house fish of similar temperaments together to prevent fighting.

Fish that clean the tank

1. Sailfin Molly

Found in both freshwater and brackish waterways along the east coast of the US, the Sailfin Molly is a popular fish amongst those with home aquariums and for good reason – and their love of algae means they do a phenomenal job of keeping the tank clean.

They typically grow to around 3-4 inches in length, and they're generally peaceful, so they can be kept in community tanks with other non-aggressive species.

2. American Flagfish

Endemic to Florida, the American Flagfish (sometimes also referred to as the Florida Flagfish) is a hardy, algae-eating species named for its colorful markings. A small fish that grows to around 2.5 inches in length, they're omnivores who like to be in aquariums that are densely planted with lots of floating cover.

They're peaceful when not in spawning mode and do best with tank mates who are similar in both temperament and size.

3. Siamese Algae Eater

Looking for an outstanding algae-eating fish? Well, look no further than the Siamese Algae Eater, who has a name well suited to the job. Growing to around 6.5 inches, this species is found throughout Southeast Asia.

Siamese Algae Eaters to be kept either singly or in groups of five or more of their own kind to prevent aggression, and you'll want to make sure you have a tight lid on your aquarium, as they're known for their jumping skills.

4. Dwarf Sucking Catfish

A small and placid fish that has a reputation for doing a great job of controlling brown algae, the Dwarf Sucking Catfish loves being part of a large group. They're a delicate species, so they need to be kept in mature aquariums that are rich in algae and biofilm to ensure their survival.

Dwarf Sucking Catfish are known for being shy, so they need lots of places they can hide, and they don't do well with aggressive tank mates.

5. Platy

A freshwater fish found in Central America, the Platy is a social species who are great for beginners. Hardy, colorful, and easy to breed, Platies like slow-moving habitats with lots of vegetation, and they need hard water as they don't do well in acidic conditions.

It's worth noting that Platies should be kept in tanks where females outnumber males to prevent aggression and reduce the likelihood of males harassing females.

6. Siamese Flying Fox

Often confused with the Siamese Algae Eater, the Siamese Flying Fox is a species in its own right, and they are much more territorial and aggressive than Siamese Algae Eaters.

Reaching lengths of around 16 inches, they need to be kept singly unless you have a large aquarium that's well-furnished with lots of visual barriers. Native to the Indonesian islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra, these fish like good water movement and can be boisterous at feeding time.

7. Whiptail Catfish

The Whiptail Catfish is a peaceful species that does well in a wide range of conditions. Found in the upper and middle Amazon, these fish like to be kept in groups in a mature tank where there are plenty of places for them to hide.

Because they're so tranquil, you'll want to avoid housing them with fish that are first in line at feeding time, as the Whiptail Catfish wouldn't be good at competing for food.

8. Corydoras

Often referred to as Corys, these social shoaling fish like to be kept in groups of five or more in a tank that has lots of sandy substrate that they can root around in. Popular due to their easygoing nature, Corys are great bottom-dwelling scavengers who will ensure the floor of your aquarium always looks sparkling.

A breeze to take care of, these catfish come in a range of different species and do best when housed with small to medium-sized fish.

9. Rainbow Shark

Found throughout South-East Asia, the Rainbow Shark is around six inches in length and loves having plenty of rocky caves and live plants that they can use to hide out in.

This species can be very territorial, so if you have a small tank, they need to be kept singly. However, if you have a spacious aquarium, then they'll do just fine in a large group of Rainbow Sharks with other boisterous fish for company.

While the name Rainbow Shark makes them sound predatory, they're not known for being aggressive with smaller fish and tend to leave them be.

10. Bristlenose Pleco

Native to rivers in South America, the peaceful Bristlenose Pleco is a fantastic algae eater who loves to live in a mature tank with a strong water current, lots of hiding places, and plenty of oxygenation.

One of the smallest catfish (they average just five inches in length), the Bristlenose Pleco earned its name from the tentacles around its snout, and its sucker-shaped mouth is brilliant for vacuuming up substrate and keeping your aquarium clean.

11. Reticulated Hillstream Loach

A striking, freshwater fish that loves fast-moving water, the Reticulated Hillstream Loach uses its pelvic fins as suction cups that enable it to attach to smooth rocks and stay put no matter how quickly the water flows over them.

If you want one of these fish in your tank, you'll want to make sure it's high velocity to mimic their natural environment and you'll want lots of flat rocks and hiding places – but don't worry, they'll reward you for all your hard work by munching on all the algae and keeping your tank very clean indeed.

12. Nerite Snails

Okay, busted – it's technically not a fish, but you can't mention tank cleaning and not include Nerite Snails. The Zebra Nerite is particularly striking with its black and gold stripes, and the good news is that any plants you have in your aquarium will be completely safe, as these little beauties like to feast on algae.

Nerite Snails like mature and spacious tanks as well as hard, alkaline water to keep their shells in tip-top condition. You'll want to make sure their tank mates are calm and peaceful, taking care to avoid boisterous fish who may knock them over.

13. Panda Garra

A robust, algae-devouring fish that hails from Myanmar, the Panda Garra loves fast-moving water and high oxygen levels. Relatively social, the Panda Garra likes to be kept in groups of five or more, which you'll want to adhere to, as any less than this and you may find these fish squabble amongst themselves.

Panda Garras like lots of sand or gravel substrate and plenty of cobbles and smooth rocks, plus you'll want to ensure your aquarium has a tight lid, as these little fish are very capable of climbing up the glass. While typically peaceful, they're boisterous at meal times, so avoid pairing them with slow-moving fish.

14. Rosy Barb

Rosy Barbs are popular fish and for good reason – these brightly colored creatures are active enough to keep you entertained while also being incredibly peaceful in nature. Rosy Barbs love being kept in groups of six or more and housed in a spacious aquarium with large open swimming spaces as well as some densely planted areas with fast-growing plants that they can nibble on.

Because of their lively nature, it's best not to house them with shy or quiet fish, and they are prone to nipping, so keep them separate from long-finned fish who are slow-moving.

15. Balloon Molly

Balloon Mollies (named after their very distinctive round body shape) are typically peaceful fish who do well in community tanks with species that have a similar temperament.

A prolific livebearer that can be found in freshwater and saltwater habitats, they love scavenging for leftovers and devouring algae, so they can be a fantastic addition to your tank cleaning crew. Because they love to breed, you'll want to ensure there are two to three females for every male, and they like spacious tanks with plenty of hiding places.

16. Twig Catfish

There's no getting around it – the Twig Catfish is one unique-looking creature! A lover of peaceful aquariums and algae-eating, this species grows to around seven inches in length and likes being housed in tanks where there are lots of shady hiding places.

Shy and tranquil, they're happy in large groups as long as the other fish in the tank all have the same peaceable nature.

17. Dalmatian Molly

A super popular fish amongst home aquarium enthusiasts, the Dalmatian Molly is a lively species that loves to swim around in groups. Hardy fish who dine on plants and algae, they're relatively hardy, although they do prefer warmer water temperatures.

Peaceful mid-dwellers, the Dalmatian Molly typically gets on well with other tranquil, non-fin-nipping fish, and they're relatively resistant to disease.

18. Chinese Algae Eater

The Chinese Algae Eater (also sometimes called the Honey Sucker) is a territorial algae-eating fish that needs a large aquarium with a fast flow rate and plenty of smooth rocks and cobbles.

They should not be housed with peaceful, slow-moving, or long-finned fish, as unfortunately, they have a tendency to harass these species, so ensure tank mates are robust and fast-moving. Chinese Algae Eaters can also squabble amongst themselves, so you'll want to provide them with plenty of visual barriers and hiding places.

19. Clown Pleco

Measuring just 3.5 inches in length, the Clown Pleco is considered a dwarf species that is well-suited to smaller aquariums. They have a long life span where fish are concerned, with many Clown Plecos living for 10 years or more when well cared for.

They are a wood-eating species, so they need lots of bogwood to survive, and they like subdued lighting and shady places they can relax in. Peaceful towards other fish, they should be kept with quiet species for a harmonious living situation.

20. Black Molly

The Black Molly is a tropical, livebearing fish that hails from Central and South America, and while they thrive in freshwater, they can adapt to brackish or even saltwater environments if they have to.

Perfect for community tanks thanks to their peaceful nature, Black Mollies like to have a mix of open swimming spaces coupled with plants and hiding places. While Sailfin Mollies are the best algae eaters when it comes to this group of fish, Black Mollies are no slouches in this department and will do a good job of keeping your tank clean.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Have you ever encountered one of the biggest horse breeds? Many of these tall, broad equines are draft horses. Due to their history, which is mostly rooted in working the land, you don’t see as many of them as you would have 100 or more years ago. Thanks to the efforts of numerous breed societies worldwide, many of these historic draft horses are still bred today, representing a tangible link to our past.

As well as being the heaviest and biggest horse breeds, draft horses are muscular, strong and built for pulling. Some are smaller and denser, others leggier and more athletic-looking, but one thing that unifies draft horses is their hardiness and willingness to work. Placid yet obedient, draft horses like the ones we’ll look at in this article were the ideal working partner in a world before machines.

That’s not to say they don’t make wonderful companions today, and many draft breeds can be seen as the beloved partners of leisure riders, heritage crafters and industry enthusiasts and traditionalists alike. Let’s take a look at the 10 biggest of these wonderful breeds.

Biggest horse breeds in the world

10. Comtois

Hailing from the Jura Mountains on the French/Swiss border, the Comtois was once a prized cavalry and military horse. It’s said Louis XIV used these magnificent beasts in his armies, as did Napoleon when he invaded Russia.

Today, the Comtois is one of France’s most popular heavy horse breeds. They are still widely used in logging and farming work, especially in places where the land cannot be worked by machines. Comtois also make for great leisure horses, as well as being used for draft work.

9. Dutch Draft

This sturdy, broad-chested horse was built to pull heavy loads. This breed closely resembles the Belgian Draft and was once abundant in the coastal Zeeland region of the Netherlands. Here, the heavy marine clay makes farm work a tough task, so this equine powerhouse is the perfect solution.

The Dutch Draft is still a working horse today, albeit on a much smaller scale. They are used in heritage work, harness competitions and sometimes for leisure riding.

8. Jutland

This compact and muscular horse originates from the Jutland peninsula in eastern Denmark. Although the breed’s ancestors were bred here from the Middle Ages, the breed as we know it today was refined from the middle of the 19th century.

The Jutland is closely linked to the Carlsberg brewery, which used the breed to haul brewery wagons in the 20th century. Today, the Jutland can still be found pulling Carlsberg wagons in Copenhagen, and can also be seen at shows, promoting the beer and the Jutland itself.

7. American Cream Draft

The first known American Cream was called ‘Old Granny’; she appeared at a farm sale in Story County, Iowa, in 1911. A vet named Eric Christian, arrested by the beauty of her foals, persuaded Nelson Bros of Jewell, Iowa, to keep a colt for a breeding stallion. Over time, a new breed of cream-colored all-American draft horses was cultivated in Iowa.

The breed is endangered today, but is desirable for harnessing, hitching and driving.

6. Suffolk Horse

The Suffolk Horse, also known as the Suffolk Punch, is the rarest draft horse in the UK. They played a vital role in shaping the country’s agricultural and military history as they worked the flat, fertile farmland of the East Anglia region and many Suffolks were bred in the early to mid-19th century to meet the demand for farm work.

Their numbers were further depleted as they were used to haul artillery guns during World War One, and as the 20th century advanced, mechanized farming further halted breeding efforts. The Suffolk remains rare to this day, but there are a number of breeding initiatives promoting population growth. They can be seen at agricultural and country shows, and they are increasingly used in ridden work.

5. Clydesdale

The iconic Clydesdale, recognisable for its flowing white feathers, is closely associated with Budweiser. Beer wagons pulled by teams of Clydesdale geldings to advertise and promote Budweiser’s product, and Americans will recognise the Budweiser Clydesdale advert as a long-standing Super Bowl tradition.

In their native Scotland, Clydesdales were another firm fixture on farms from the early 18th century. They were also involved in logging and driving. They are still used for heritage draft work, and they are also kept as ridden and show horses.

4. Ardennais

Although not one of the biggest horse breeds by height, the Ardennais, or Ardennes, has an impressive amount of heft. These draft horses originate from Ardennes, a region spanning Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and are one of the oldest horse breeds, speculated to be descended from ancient horses and used by Roman legions and medieval knights for jousting and warring.

Super strong and willing, these draft horses are famed for their pulling power and bravery in battle. Today, they are still used in driving and riding, and can also be found at equine therapy centres.

3. Belgian Draft

Like the Ardennes, the Belgian Draft was popular for its strength and stoicism both in agricultural and military settings. Though the demand for draft horses declined as the world became increasingly mechanized, the breed was beloved and protected from going extinct.

Belgians today undertake heritage agricultural and driving work, but are also brilliant leisure horses across ridden and driving work.

2. Percheron

There is some speculation about the Percheron’s origins, but records from the 8th century link early Percherons to Normandy, France. Today’s Percheron can be grouped into three types: the smaller French Percheron, the taller North American Percheron and the British Percheron in between.

Resilient and hard-working, the Percheron’s working history has spanned the centuries as a loyal cavalry charger, a means of artillery haulage, a stagecoach puller and a farm workhorse. It remains a popular draft horse breed for leisure and show use.

1. Shire

The Shire horse takes the number one spot in our list of biggest horse breeds. Their breeding has been honed over centuries from its fenland ancestor, the Lincolnshire Black, and crossed with Flemish horses to produce the tall, strapping draft horse we know today.

With a tremendous capacity for pulling, the Shire has been employed in various domestic and commercial tasks over the centuries, from carrying knights to pulling barges along canals and for arable work and transport. They’re also used for leisure activities such as trekking, and they are shown in hand, under saddle and can be seen competing in ploughing matches.

How tall was the biggest horse ever?

According to Guinness World Records, the tallest horse ever documented was a Shire horse called Sampson. He foaled in 1846 in Bedfordshire, England, and reached a height of 21.2hh, or almost 87 inches to the wither.

Read next: American horse breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Here’s a question for you: what do an American Curl cat and the fictional character Peter Pan have in common? A playful persona and kid-like energy, of course!

The charming American Curl scoops the top spot when it comes to the high-energy cat breeds that will want to play with you all the time. The youthful breed retains its kitten-like energy well into adulthood which means they make for a fabulous cat for families, lively homes, and pet parents who have plenty of time for play.

Aside from its friendly disposition, this hugely affectionate cat is perhaps best known and characterized by its unusual ears that fold backward and impressive walnut-shaped eyes that are hard to say no to! Of course, deciding between what cat is right for your home is no easy task. Which is why we've roped in the help of vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who has shared the grooming needs, exercise requirements and more about this breed.

Are American Curl cats hypoallergenic?

No, American Curl cats are not a hypoallergenic breed. Explaining why, Dr MacMillan says: “They produce the same triggering Fel d1 protein that other cat breeds do, so it is likely they will cause a reaction in people with allergies.”

However, if you are in an allergy-prone household (or don’t want to be picking up fur after your cat all the time), these cats aren't classed as non-shedding cats, but they are only light to moderate shedders, which may be helpful for those who are hypersensitive to allergens.

Are American Curl cats rare?

As a relatively new cat breed, the American Curl is considered to be rare.

“The American Curl first appeared in the 1980s, so there are relatively few breeders around compared to other long-standing breeds,” recalls Dr MacMillan.

“Kittens are born with straight ears that then start to curl back within a few weeks. There is no guarantee how many kittens will be born with the curled ear trait within each litter, further adding to the rareness of the breed,” the vet explains.

Are American Curl cats ethical?

Well, according to Dr MacMillan, the curled ears originally came from a natural mutation in one cat, and there has since been a diverse gene pool involved in the selective breeding process.

“This has created a relatively healthy cat with no known breed-linked health issues,” the expert says. “This is definitely a good thing, especially compared to many pedigrees out there.”

However, Dr MacMillan does still question the ethics of whether or not these cats have communication issues due to their curled ears.

“Cats use facial expressions, including flattening the ears against the head, to show their feelings to others,” Dr MacMillan says. “So, with their unusual anatomy, these cats may not be able to signal as well as they would like. The curled ear is a human style choice, rather than being a functional feature for the cat.”

The American Curl isn’t the first cat to have curled or folded ears. One of the most famous examples of cats with curled ears include the Scottish Fold, which is often loved by the masses (Taylor Swift included) but it does come with some ethical concerns. At present, the British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) and International Cat Care consider the breeding of Scottish Folds as 'unethical' and are currently raising awareness of Scottish Fold suffering.

But that said, according to The Cat Fanciers’ Association, to date, no breed-linked health issues have come to light regarding the American Curl.

How much grooming does an American Curl cat need?

American Curls can be either short-haired or long-haired.

“The long-haired variety will need brushing two to three times a week to keep tangles and mats at bay, whereas once a week should be fine for the short-haired variety,” confirms Dr MacMillan.

Therefore, no matter whether you’re thinking of adopting a short-haired or long-haired variety, it’s well worth buying one of the best cat brushes to keep their coat in top condition and to help prevent any mats from developing.

How much exercise does an American Curl cat need?

American Curls are playful and active, but this kitty doesn’t have a never-ending battery.

Therefore, “Like most cats they will need at least 30 minutes of activity each day to keep them happy,” Dr MacMillan says.

American Curl health problems

Now, for the good news: the American Curl isn’t prone to any specific genetic disorders, and they are a relatively healthy cat breed.

“Like all cats though, there is always the chance of developing a general health complaint such as a heart murmur, kidney disease, obesity, or dental disease,” Dr MacMillan highlights.

“Regular check-ups, a good diet, and preventative oral care will help to keep some of these issues in check,” she says.

However, due to their defining curled feature, American curls can develop issues with their ears.

“Their unique anatomy means that they were born with narrow ear canals that are more prone to wax buildup and ear infections,” the vet says. “Owners should keep a close eye on their pet’s ears and seek help if they notice any redness, increased scratching, or odor.”

How much does an American Curl cost?

Due to their rare nature, an American Curl cat is on the pricer side, with figures starting at around $1,200 and heading up to $3,000.

This makes them one of the most expensive cat breeds, just like the Korat, Selkirk Rex and Abyssinian.

Should I get an American Curl?

If you’ve got kids, or a lively home, the American Curl would fit right in.

“They retain their playful kitten ways for many years and get on well with children,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “They will often follow their favorite family member around!”

The American Curl is described as ‘dog-like’ due to their affectionate and friendly nature, so this can be one of the best cat breeds for dog owners.

"They are adaptable and would be fine in most households, provided they are not left alone for long periods," the vet adds.

So, if you are away from home a lot, then this isn’t the cat breed for you. That’s because they form strong bonds with their owner and can suffer from separation anxiety if parted for too long.

Read next: American Shorthair breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Celebrated for their blue-silver coats, elegant build and low-key energy, the Russian Blue is the perfect mix of beauty and grace. As their name suggests, these feline companions hail from Russia – in the bustling port city of Arkhangelsk, to be exact – and they are a naturally occurring breed.

They get their name because of their illustrious blue coat that has a silvery sheen throughout. You might think all this fur requires hours worth of upkeep, but the truth is, Russian Blues are pretty low maintenance on all fronts. This breed can also be a godsend for allergy-prone households because Russian Blues produce less of the allergy-triggering protein found in cats when compared to other breeds.

Another fun fact about this beautiful, long-living breed? They are an intelligent, relatively independent and quiet breed, so are best suited for homes that can match this understated energy. If you’re considering bringing a Russian Blue home, you’ll find everything you need to know in this guide, including their health conditions, enrichment needs, and more.

Are Russian Blue cats hypoallergenic?

“Russian Blue cats are not truly hypoallergenic, but may suit some owners with mild allergies,” explains vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “This is because Russian Blues produce less Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine than many other breeds,”.

In the cat realm, Fel d1 is the protein that triggers reactions in those allergic to cats. Therefore, if you are in an allergy-prone household, it’s worth reading up on the hypoallergenic cat breeds, like the Siamese, Burmese and the LaPerm, as these pets either produce less of the allergy-triggering protein and/or don’t shed too much, which can make them an ideal proposition for allergy sufferers.

Do Russian Blue cats shed?

Russian Blues do shed some of their shimmering coat, but only minimally so this means you won’t find too many loose hairs around your home!

“This can also help allergy sufferers as there will be less saliva-coated hair and dander in the environment,” Dr MacMillan says. “Just remember that very sensitive people may still react.”

For those who would prefer not to have tons of fur all over their clothing, floors and furniture, the non-shedding cat breeds are well worth considering.

How long do Russian Blue cats live?

Russian Blue cats are pretty long-living cats. So much so, many Russian Blues live until they are between 15–20 years of age with the right care.

According to Dr MacMillan, if you want to increase the chances of your cat having a long and healthy life, then there are several things you can do.

“Make sure they are receiving the correct amount of a good quality diet, appropriate for their age and lifestyle,” the vet notes. “Also monitor their weight closely, as cats that are overweight or obese can have significantly shorter life spans."

Thirdly, Dr MacMillan suggests taking your cat to the vets for routine check-ups and ensuring they have all the recommended vaccinations.

“This will keep them safe from potentially fatal diseases,” she says.

While regular anti-parasite treatment, like the best flea treatments for cats, will also help to keep them healthy, as will regular preventative oral care.

How much grooming does a Russian Blue cat need?

If you’re considering adopting a Russian Blue, you’ll be pleased to know that these cuties have easy grooming requirements.

“Their short coat only needs brushing once a week to remove any loose hairs,” Dr MacMillan says. “I also recommend introducing regular oral care from an early age. Many cats will tolerate gentle toothbrushing with cat-safe toothpaste, if you encourage this with positive reinforcement training.”

As Dr MacMillan says, to help keep cat teeth clean, it’s important to get into a good teethbrushing routine. It’s also well worth learning how to brush your cat’s teeth, so that you can avoid dental disease, like stomatitis and gingivitis, and boost your cat’s longevity and quality of life.

How much exercise does a Russian Blue cat need?

Russian Blues have moderate exercise needs and are not as demanding as some other cat breeds, like an Abyssinian, Bengal or Siamese, which are all high-energy cat breeds that will want to play with you all the time.

“Around 30 minutes of activity a day should be enough to keep them happy,” Dr MacMillan says.

So, if you plan on bringing a Russian Blue home, the best cat toys and the best automated cat toys will help keep your kitty entertained.

Russian Blue health problems

Dental disease is common in many cats and Russian Blues are no different because dental issues in cats often go unnoticed.

“Excessive tartar buildup and gum inflammation can lead to tooth loss,” explains Dr MacMillan. “That is why preventative oral care is so important.”

Obesity is another health condition common in Russian Blues, as it can be hard to say no to those cute little faces!

“However, obesity is linked to an increased risk of other ailments like diabetes, joint disease, and cancer,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “Owners must weigh their pet’s food out carefully and keep an eye on their cat’s body condition, to ensure they don’t put on any extra pounds.”

As with many pedigree breeds, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be a problem for Russian Blues.

“This condition causes thickening of the muscular heart walls,” the vet explains. “This affects the heart’s ability to effectively pump blood around the body. Heart failure can occur, as well as blood clots and sudden death.”

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited condition so purchasing your kitten from a reputable breeder who has screened their cats will reduce the risk.

Asthma in cats isn’t uncommon and it’s a respiratory condition that can affect this breed.

“In affected cats, the body overreacts to inhaled allergens leading to inflammation and constriction of the airways,” Dr MacMillan says. “Asthmatic cats can have breathing difficulties, wheezing, and start open-mouth breathing.”

If any of these symptoms occur, owners must seek urgent help from a vet if their cat is showing any signs of asthma.

“Reducing things like cigarette smoke, air fresheners and scented candles in the environment can help ease symptoms, but many cats will require long-term medication too,” Dr MacMillan adds.

How much does a Russian Blue cost?

Russian Blues are pretty expensive cats. Costing anywhere between $1,400–3,800, their distinct appearance and pleasing personality traits make them particularly desirable – and therefore on the pricier side. This is around the same price tag as a Bengal or Savannah cat.

Though Russian Blues aren’t considered to be one of the rarest cat breeds in the US, they aren’t your everyday cat you might come across.

Should I get a Russian Blue?

That depends. The long-living Russian Blues are sweet-natured kitties who thrive in human company.

These cats are a relatively quiet breed and can get a bit scared by noisy children, bouncy dogs, or strangers. This is why Dr MacMillan suggests they would be best suited to a peaceful household, perhaps an elderly owner or a family with calmer, older children.

Due to the fact Russian Blues produce less Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine than many other breed and shed minimally, this breed might also suit allergy sufferers or those who don’t want to spend all day picking up after their kitty.

Although they enjoy playing, they also like a bit of alone time and will often take themselves off for a nap.

“They are usually content being left for short periods too, if you need to head out for a bit,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Read next: Facts about Russian blue cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’re preparing for a kitten, we’ve put together a checklist of things to do that will ensure you're 100% ready for bringing home a new kitten. While welcoming a little fur friend into your life can be a super exciting time, I know from my own experience that it can bring a few challenges with it as well.

There are lots of things to consider when you get a kitten. Do you have existing pets? Are you home during the day, or do you tend to be out a lot? Will you be able to devote enough time to them? Are you prepared for the additional financial demands? Thinking these questions through will help ensure you choose the best breed for you and you're ready for what lies ahead.

Getting a new kitten can be really special, but I'm really glad I spent time thinking it through before we welcomed our own little bundle of joy into the family. It's not all cuddles and play time with cute kitten toys – those early days can also be hard work as you try to establish a routine for your new feline friend and help them learn what's expected of them.

This checklist will help you think through all the important questions and make sure you have everything you need before your bundle of fluff sets paws inside your home. So, without further ado, here's what to consider...

Preparing for a kitten

1. Do your breed research

I have to admit, I wasn't keen on getting a second cat to begin with. Working from home, I felt I already had my hands full with one feline friend in my life. Our British Shorthair/Burmese cross, Roxy, definitely inherited more Burmese genes, and at that point, she was demanding a fair amount of my attention. How on earth would I get my work done while juggling two cats?

In the end, I said to my husband that if we were going to get another kitty, it would have to be one of the best cats for introverts. I wanted one of the quietest cat breeds that enjoyed the company of humans but was relatively undemanding and independent. We decided to go for a full British Shorthair this time around, and we hit the jackpot — Teddy is exactly what I was looking for in a second cat.

If I could recommend just one thing in your hunt for a kitten, it would be this: think carefully about your lifestyle and do your breed research. Are you wanting a high-energy breed who will accompany you on outdoor adventures? If so, a Bengal could be a good fit.

Maybe you want a chatty, Velcro kitty who will follow you wherever you go? A Burmese or Siamese would be a good choice. Or maybe you're after a quiet and cuddly lap cat? A ragdoll or Persian will tick that box nicely. While all cats have their own unique personalities, thinking through what you're looking for in a feline friend will give you the best chance of finding a good match.

2. Don't underestimate the time commitment

All kittens require a substantial time commitment in the first six months of their life, regardless of whether they're high energy or spend a lot of time on your lap. When you bring home your new pet, all sorts of things will happen that will draw your focus away from whatever else it is that you're trying to do.

Kittens have a lot of energy, so there'll be moments during the day where they're zooming round the house at high speed, knocking things over and getting into all sorts of mischief that you hadn't anticipated. You also need to be really consistent with your training, as many kittens will test the boundaries, especially when they have the zoomies and decide to forgo their cat scratching post in favor of pulling themselves along the bottom of your couch!

If you plan on neutering your pet (and unless you plan on using them for breeding purposes, I highly recommend you do to prevent male aggression or unwanted pregnancies in females) there is also a recovery process to oversee, including pain relief to be administered, a medical cone that needs to be kept in place to prevent them from licking their stitches, and supervising them to ensure they don't overexert themselves.

3. Kitten proof your home

Next, you'll definitely want to kitten proof your home. We were fairly lucky in that first year with Teddy, as although she was very playful, she wasn't one for chewing small objects or cables, so we didn't have the risks associated with those things to worry about.

One thing she did love, though, was human food! It took us a few weeks to realise we couldn't leave butter, cheese, cream, or any other dairy-based item out on the counter as we'd turn our backs for a second and then look back to find her paws and whiskers covered in whatever fat-based goodness she'd managed to get stuck into.

She was also quite big on chewing on the leaves of the plants in our home, but thankfully, we already had Roxy in our family, so we'd long since made sure our plants were non-toxic to cats.

You'll also want to keep toilet seats down (kittens can fall in easily), lock away household chemicals, and protect your furniture if your new kitty is prone to scratching things other than their post.

4. Plan the integration

Unfortunately, if you already have another fur friend or two in your family, it's impossible to know for sure how they'll cope with a new addition. Some pets take to each other instantly and are besties for life, while others may only ever learn to tolerate each other and some may never be able to co-exist.

It really is luck of the draw. We'd hoped because Roxy is so outgoing with humans that she'd do well with Teddy as long as we got the introductions right, but sadly it didn't go as well as we expected. Thankfully, while the first nine months were pretty bumpy, they have got to the point where they can live together without too many issues.

My top tip for keeping the peace in a multi-pet household is not to rush the introductions. We kept Teddy and Roxy separate for the first two weeks, with Roxy having free rein of the house as usual and Teddy being confined to the living room.

After that, we introduced each cat to the other's scent and then let them meet by opening the door just a crack so they could see each other. If Roxy hissed, we closed the door and started the process all over again. Finally, they were able to be in the same room together with supervision (and lots of cat treats!), and now, a year later, we can leave them home alone together.

While I hope the relationship between your pets moves a bit quicker than ours did, make sure you think through how to integrate them, and don't underestimate how long it might take for them to be able to co-exist peacefully.

5. Decide if they'll be an indoor or outdoor cat (or both)

There are some cat breeds that prefer being outdoors, and trying to keep them inside will only cause you to want to tear your hair out — trust me, I speak from experience! While Teddy is a little bit more agreeable to having her outdoor access curtailed, being Burmese, Roxy is a complete genius and will simply manipulate the dials on the cat flap until she can get out.

Have a think before you adopt a kitten as to whether or not they'll eventually have outdoor access. Some breeds, like the Persian and Scottish Fold, will be quite content to remain indoors as they're more docile and less adventurous, but others don't take kindly to being kept inside unless you provide them with a lot of mental and physical stimulation to entertain them.

If you decide that your kitten will eventually go outside, it's important you don't let them out before they're neutered and vaccinated — typically after six months of age. You'll also want to supervise them at first until they get confident. We only let Teddy out with us for short periods at a time, gradually working up to longer spells and eventually leaving her outside unsupervised when we were sure she was comfortable.

6. Purchase essential supplies

Before bringing home your new kitten, you'll want to stock up on everything they're going to need. An automatic cat litter box can be a great option if you don't fancy scooping out your kitten's poop on a daily basis, but I'm not particularly bothered by that so we just went with a regular one. You'll also want to get the litter to go in it, as well as poop bags and a scoop.

Aside from that, a cat scratching post is essential to prevent your kitty from sinking their claws into your furniture. Depending on how much space you have, you may want to invest in one of the best cat trees instead, as these have the scratching post incorporated into them, plus they provide your kitty with a place to sleep, as most feature at least one bed and condo.

Finally, you'll need food, toys, and a separate bed if you don't plan on buying a cat tree (or simply want them to have additional options). If you'd like your kitten to wear a collar, it can be a good idea to get them used to this when they're young, and you might also like to buy a grooming brush for the same reason.

7. Create a safe space for them

Imagine having to leave the only home and family you'd ever known and suddenly finding yourself in a strange new house without your littermates for company. It would feel pretty daunting, wouldn't it? It's normal for kittens to take some time to settle in, but creating a safe space for them can really help make the transition easier.

It's worth setting up a small space that your kitten can use to hide away in if they feel they need it. If you happen to have a blanket with their mother's scent on it, pop this into their bed or another comfortable area in your home – this familiar smell can be very soothing for kittens.

Don't force your kitten to interact with you, and don't try to stop them from hiding away. This is a very natural and normal behavior when they're adjusting to a new place. Of course, not all kittens will feel the need to do this. Teddy was relaxed from the get-go and never hid away or cried at night, but many kittens (especially breeds that are highly people-oriented) may take some time to relax and feel safe.

8. Consider how you'll get them home

Once you've decided on a kitten and purchased the necessary supplies, you'll want to give some thought to how you'll get them home. A sturdy and well-ventilated cat carrier is the best option as this will ensure your feline friend stays safe and secure on the journey to their forever home.

I highly recommend that once you have your kitten inside their carrier that you place this on the backseat of your car and fasten the seatbelt over it to prevent any movement while you're traveling.

While it can be tempting to place them on the front passenger seat, I don't advise this as many kittens will meow or claw at the carrier to communicate their displeasure at being confined, and this can end up being a distraction if you're constantly reaching over to try to soothe them. Placing a blanket over three sides of the carrier (making sure to leave space for air to get in) may help minimize motion sickness and help your kitty feel calmer.

9. Register them with a local vet

One of the first things you want to do once you've made the decision to adopt a kitten is to register them with a local vet. Once you've done that, you'll find your vet will be able to provide you with a wealth of information around neutering, kitten vaccinations, flea treatments, and microchipping.

We made more trips to the vet in the first year of Teddy's life than we would have liked due to her sustaining a nasty bite wound on her tail inflicted by a stray and unneutered male cat, so pet insurance is something you might also like to consider.

10. Introduce them to your home slowly

It can be tempting to let your kitten have unlimited access to their new home the minute they set their paws inside the door, but try to hold back if you can. It can be really overwhelming for kittens to have so much space so soon, especially when they're still adjusting to being without their mother and littermates.

I recommend having one room in your home set up for your kitten. Pop their food and water dishes in here, as well as their litter box, toys, and bed. We used the living room for Teddy, but you can use any room in your home that feels convenient.

After they've been in this room for a few days to a week, you'll probably notice there naturally comes a point where they're feeling ready to explore more of their surroundings. Once that confidence is there, you can grant them access to other parts of the home.

11. Be prepared for the kitten teething phase

Do kittens lose their teeth? You bet they do! Kittens have 26 milk teeth that are gradually lost and replaced by 30 deciduous teeth. While it's not an exact science, most kittens start to lose their baby teeth around three months of age and will have all their adult teeth in place by the time they reach seven or eight months.

As you can see, kitten teething isn't a quick process. It's very normal for kittens to want to chew everything in sight for a period of four or five months, and although some will swallow their baby teeth while they're eating, it's worth preparing yourself for the fact that you may find little kitten teeth on your floor!

Investing in a few of the best kitten teething toys can be a real lifesaver during this period, as it will stop your little fur friend from chewing on things they shouldn't – such as your shoelaces, which our Teddy was particularly fond of during her teething phase!

12. Provide them with play sessions each day to help them burn off energy

Kittens need around 16–20 hours of sleep in the first six months of their life, so expect your feline friend to spend a lot of time with their eyes closed. However, when they're not snoozing, they'll have energy they need to burn off, which is why regular play sessions are so important.

Kittens don't have the same attention span as adult cats, so shorter sessions are best for them. Aim for around 2–3 sessions a day of roughly 10 minutes each. Investing in a few interactive cat toys and playing with your friend rather than them playing independently can be a great way to start to build a bond with them.

Cat play time is always key, but it's especially vital if you have other pets in the home who are perhaps quite a bit older. Playing with your kitten gives their energy an appropriate outlet so they don't end up directing it towards the other animals in their new family. Trust me, this can really reduce the number of fights that break out!

Read next: 20 things I've learnt to consider before getting another pet, how to set up the perfect catio and checklist for new cat owners

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

When it comes to comparing the Cornish Rex and Devon Rex, it may look like there's not much separating these two curly-coated cuties. However, look a little deeper and you'll find that while they are similar in many ways, there are some key differences that are worth being aware of.

Cornish Rex cats are known for their sleek and slender bodies and their highly energetic nature. Confident, charming, and super smart, they love to be around their owners and retain their kitten-like playfulness well into their twilight years. They have a slightly longer lifespan than the Devon Rex and suffer from fewer health issues.

The Devon Rex has adorable elfish features and, like the Cornish Rex, they're very people-orientated, active, and affectionate. They're slightly less energetic and appreciate some cuddle time when they're not playing, so they're great if you're after a more easygoing and docile companion.

While the two breeds are more similar than they are different, we spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to find out about their intelligence levels, exercise and grooming needs, and the health issues you'll want to be aware of.

Size: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

When it comes to size, there really isn't a lot separating these two breeds. The Cornish Rex stands at around 8–12 inches and weighs roughly 6–10 pounds, while the Devon Rex measures 10–12 inches and typically weighs 6–9 pounds.

As you can see, both cats are relatively small with a petite build, however, the Cornish Rex tends to be ever so slightly larger than the Devon Rex. There's not much in it, though!

Appearance: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

At first glance, it's easy to think that the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are one and the same. But look a little closer and you'll soon notice that both of these breeds have distinguishing features that set them apart from one another.

The Cornish Rex has a slender and elegant build with a long tail and large, high-set ears. They have a small, egg-shaped head, large eyes, a long nose, and a soft and wavy down coat with tight and compact curls that feel velvety to the touch. While they may look fragile, these cats are actually very muscular and sturdy.

In contrast, the Devon Rex has a more elvish appearance. Their face is broader and more triangular in shape than the Cornish Rex, and while they have the same large ears, they're lower set. Unlike the Cornish Rex who has just a single undercoat, the Devon Rex has a coat with three layers so their curls are looser and more open.

Intelligence and trainability: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Can you train a cat? You can if they're a Cornish or Devon Rex!

"Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are highly intelligent and very trainable," confirms Dr MacMillan. "They can both be trained to fetch toys and do tricks with the right positive reinforcement."

The Cornish Rex and Devon Rex are natural problem solvers, and they're both eager to learn, so you'll find that, as well as mastering new tricks and behaviors, they'll also enjoy cat puzzle feeders and other challenging toys that give their brains and bodies a good workout.

Because both breeds form deep emotional connections with their humans, they are naturally inclined to want to please them, which makes training both a breeze and a whole lot of fun.

However, when it comes to teaching a cat a trick, stick to the basics with these two smart kitties – patience, consistency, and lots of praise and treats will help both of these breeds learn that much quicker.

Exercise needs: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are active and curious cats who love to clown around and entertain their humans. They retain their kitten-like energy well into their senior years, although the Devon Rex is a little less energetic than the Cornish Rex.

"The Cornish Rex is often the more active of the two," says Dr MacMillan. "This breed particularly enjoys climbing and exploring. The Cornish Rex maintains a kitten-like personality for quite some time, which many owners enjoy. The Devon Rex is still playful, but a bit more docile than the Cornish Rex."

However, regardless of which breed you choose to go for, Dr MacMillan says that both cats will need around 30 minutes of physical activity each day, depending on their age and health status.

The good news is that because these breeds are highly active and love to play, you'll find that they adore zooming around the house with the best cat toys. You'll likely discover that different brain games for cats go down a treat as well, alongside interactive puzzles and toys.

Grooming: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Looking for a feline friend who won't require more time in front of the mirror than you do? Well look no further than these two unfussy felines!

"Both the Devon Rex and the Cornish Rex have characteristically short and curly or wavy coats," explains Dr. MacMillan. "The main differences are that the Cornish Rex’s fur is a little finer and silkier, while the Devon Rex’s is a little longer.

“Both are minimal shedders with low-maintenance grooming needs. Weekly brushing with a soft brush or grooming mitten should be enough to keep their coats looking good."

While both breeds don't require much in the way of grooming, investing in one of the best cat brushes and giving them a daily or weekly brush is a wonderful way to strengthen your bond and spend quality time with your feline friend.

Health considerations: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

When we choose to adopt a kitten or adult cat, most of us are hoping that we'll have our new feline friend with us for as long as possible. Even the healthiest cat breeds will be prone to getting sick from time to time, and almost all breeds have certain health conditions that they're more prone to. Here's what you need to know about the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex:

"Both cats are prone to a few hereditary health complaints, with more affecting the Devon Rex," says Dr MacMillan. The Cornish Rex also has a slightly longer average lifespan than the Devon Rex, so it could be considered the healthier of the two.

“Like many pedigree breeds, they are both affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM] which is a hereditary condition that causes thickening of the heart muscle. This stops the heart from working effectively and could lead to blood clots, heart failure, and sudden death in severe cases.

“Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are at low risk of developing polycystic kidney disease [PKD]. These cysts are present from birth, gradually increasing in size over time,” Dr MacMillan explains. “In some cases, this can affect the kidneys’ function, even leading to kidney failure. You should try to choose a breeder that doesn’t have HCM or PKD in their breeding lines, as this will increase the chances of having a healthy cat.

“Devon Rex can suffer from a disease that causes muscle weakness. This condition is known as Devon Rex myopathy, and problems start showing between three weeks and six months of age in affected cats. In some severe cases, the problem can be fatal. There is a genetic test available, so potential owners should purchase their kittens from a reputable breeder who will have tested their cats before breeding from them,” Dr MacMillan advises.

“The Devon Rex is also prone to a blood-clotting disorder, which can lead to bleeding problems. This hereditary vitamin K-responsive coagulopathy cannot be cured but may be managed through vitamin K supplementation.

“Both breeds are at risk of hypotrichosis due to the gene mutations that give them their abnormal coat types. This can lead to varying amounts of baldness."

Owner suitability: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

"Both breeds would make excellent family cats due to their sweet and playful personalities. They also have very similar care needs, though the Devon Rex is slightly more prone to health issues. Most people find the Devon Rex more laid back than the Cornish Rex however, so you will need to take this into account when deciding on the right cat for your family."

If you're looking for a real bundle of energy, the Cornish Rex may be the slightly better choice. However, if you'd like a kitty that loves to play but is equally fond of a cuddle, the Devon Rex will tick that box nicely.

Whichever breed you decide to go for, it's worth bearing in mind that neither cat is particularly independent. These are real companion kitties who like to be with their humans at all times, so you'll want to make sure you're able to give them the love and attention they need to thrive.

Read next: More facts about Devon Rex cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Trying to decide between the Savannah and the Bengal? You've come to the right place! Adopting a cat is a big decision, and this guide will share everything you need to know about these two breeds so you can choose a feline friend that's the right fit for you and your lifestyle.

A large cat with long limbs and a dog-like personality, the Savannah is more likely to be found following their humans from room to room or zooming about after their favorite cat toy than they are to be curled up on a warm lap. Definitely no couch potato, this breed loves to play, scratch, climb, and explore.

While the Bengal is no slouch in the energy department, they are slightly less active than the Savannah, and they're smaller too, so they're a good choice if you're looking for a slightly less demanding and more compact kitty. However, like the Savannah, these curious and athletic cats need plenty of mental and physical stimulation to keep them from becoming bored and destructive.

To help you decide on your new forever friend, we sought the advice of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she shares her vet wisdom with us, revealing how much exercise these two cats need, whether or not they can be trained, and the health issues each is prone to. Let's take a look...

Size: Savannah vs Bengal

When it comes to the largest cat breeds in the world, the Savannah is near the top of the list. These are big cats with most standing 14–17 inches tall and tipping the scales at a very impressive 25 pounds (although many females will be considerably smaller). They're more likely to resemble a small dog in size and weight than they are a cat.

The Bengal is much smaller in comparison with most, measuring around 8–10 inches tall and weighing 8–15 pounds. However, Bengals are still considered a medium-to-large breed by cat standards, they're just not quite in the same league as the Savannah.

Appearance: Savannah vs Bengal

Boldly spotted and towering over most other breeds, the Savannah is tall and lean with an elongated body, long neck, and long legs. Their head is triangular in shape, and while their ears are large, they're rounded and low-set. The Savannah's coat comes in a range of colors, from light tawny to black smoke, and alongside their spots, their coat may also feature bars.

A sleek and muscular cat with a wild appearance, the Bengal is more compact than the Savannah and has a wedge-shaped head, high cheekbones, and large ears. Their coat is similar to that of a leopard, being made up of spots, stripes, and marbling, and their most common coat color is brown tabby, but they also come in many other colors.

Intelligence and trainability: Savannah vs Bengal

A common question asked by cat owners is can you train a cat? While all cats can be trained to do basic things, like use the litter box or a scratching post, some felines are particularly bright and can be trained to do tricks and walk on a leash. If you've always wanted to teach a cat a trick, you're in luck because both of these breeds are known to respond well to this sort of training.

"Both cats are very intelligent and curious," says Dr MacMillan. "Savannah and Bengal cats are often dog-like in nature and said to be easy to train, but patience is key. Some tricks will take longer than others to learn, and each cat is individual."

When it comes to training your cat, Dr MacMillan says how you go about it is key, with patience and consistency being important.

"With the right positive approach, Savannah cats can be clicker-trained and taught to walk on a leash. Early socialization is important for both breeds, as their wild roots could make them more independent and wary if this has not been handled correctly."

Exercise needs: Savannah vs Bengal

If you're looking for a lap cat or a relaxed lifestyle, Dr MacMillan says you'll definitely want to steer clear of these two breeds!

"Both the Bengal and the Savannah are active cats that enjoy climbing, running, and playing. They will need 30–60 minutes of exercise each day, depending on age and health status. If they don’t receive enough physical activity, they could become destructive or start climbing your curtains!"

Both breeds with benefit hugely from a range of the best interactive cat toys that they can zoom around the house after.

"A cat wheel can be helpful for these cats, too," Dr. MacMillan adds, "just make sure that it is the correct size for them."

Of of these breeds, the Savannah is the more active of the two, but both are energetic cats with minds and bodies that like to be kept busy. Cat puzzle feeders can be a good way to give their brains a good workout.

Grooming: Savannah vs Bengal

They may not be low-maintenance on the exercise front, but you'll be relieved to hear that neither the Savannah nor the Bengal requires much in the way of grooming.

"Both cats have short and sleek fur," says Dr MacMillan. "Weekly brushing should keep their easy-to-care-for coats looking good."

Still, while you don't have to brush them every day, it's worth bearing in mind that regular grooming sessions are a wonderful way to strengthen the bond you share with your fur friend.

Savannah and Bengal cats are also known to relish bath time, especially if there are some cat-friendly bubbles involved. So, although this isn't necessary for their skin health, it can be a great way to add some extra enrichment into their day.

Health considerations: Savannah vs Bengal

According to Dr MacMillan, both Savannah cats and Bengals are relatively healthy, but there are some inherited health issues they are prone to.

"It is important to remember that many Savannah cats will be much closer to domestic cats than they are wild servals," she explains. "This means that most of the health conditions that Savannah cats suffer from could also affect any domestic cat, including dental disease, obesity, and kidney disease.

“Servals are also at slightly increased risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM]. This causes thickening of the heart muscle, affecting how well it pumps blood around the body, which can lead to blood clot formation and heart failure.

“Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is another hereditary condition that Savannah cats can suffer from, which can cause loss of vision.

“In the unlikely event you purchase an early-generation hybrid cat, then male sterility could be an issue. These fertility issues seem to resolve in cats that are more than four generations removed from their serval ancestors. This is not a particular problem unless you are planning on breeding from your cat, however.

“Bengal cats are also at risk from HCM, but are also more likely to suffer with hip dysplasia and patellar luxation. These joint abnormalities can lead to pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis.

“Bengal cats also seem more likely to develop feline infectious peritonitis than some other breeds of cats. This infectious disease can be fatal in some cases."

Owner suitability: Savannah vs Bengal

Adopting a kitten or adult cat can certainly bring a lot of joy and fun to your life, but it's also worth giving careful consideration to which cat you choose to ensure you can meet their breed-specific needs.

"Both cats require active owners who can give them plenty of time and attention," explains Dr MacMillan. "These cats are not for the faint of heart. Expect climbing, broken ornaments, and plenty of fun!

“The Savannah needs much more space than the Bengal, so a large home and some outdoor space are a must for this cat. Savannah cats can also be quite demanding, so owners need to put more time into their physical and mental stimulation.

“Families looking for a more compact and (slightly) less energetic cat should opt for the Bengal. They are not much larger than the average domestic cat, so they are a bit more adaptable, and could be kept as an indoor-only cat."

Read next: Reasons to love Savannah cats and facts about Bengals

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

You may be wondering what the difference is between the Siberian Forest cat and Norwegian Forest cat. After all, they're both large, fluffy, and muscular cats who are affectionate, intelligent, and people-oriented. But although these two breeds are similar in lots of ways, they each have their own unique qualities that set them apart from the other.

The Siberian Forest cat is gentle, adaptable, and typically doesn't like to be left alone for long periods of time. They enjoy the company of their humans, tend to bond equally with everyone in their family, and also get along well with strangers.

Norwegian Forest cats are also very friendly, but they tend to be much more reserved with those they don't know. Loyal and playful cats who are slow to mature, they have an independent streak and are very undemanding, but they still enjoy giving and receiving love and affection.

To help you decide which of these friendly felines is right for you, we consulted expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she outlines how intelligent and easy to train these cats are, what sort of grooming regime those long coats require, and which type of owner each breed is best suited to.

Size: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian Forest cat is the larger of these two breeds. They typically stand around 17–25 inches tall and can weigh anywhere from 11–17 pounds.

The Norwegian Forest cat may not be quite as tall, but it's still one of the largest cat breeds around. Measuring 12–18 inches and weighing 10–20 pounds, there's plenty of this fluffy feline to love.

Appearance: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian and Norwegian Forest cats are both large, long-haired breeds, but they have many differences that make it easy to distinguish between the two.

Siberians are known for their trademark sweet expression, which is a result of their rounded face, curved profile, and soft features. They have large, round eyes that are set wide apart and come in shades of green, gold, green-gold, and copper.

Siberians also have a thick, triple coat that comes in many colors, and they have medium-sized ears with rounded tips. Their body is barrel shaped, and their legs are medium length, with the rear ones being slightly longer than the front ones.

In contrast, the Norwegian Forest cat has a triangular-shaped head with a long and straight profile. Their eyes are large, almond shaped and they have a much more alert expression than that of the Siberian.

Their ears are larger and triangular, and they have a long and muscular body. Unlike the Siberian, they have a double rather than a triple coat, and they always have a mane. As with the Siberian, their rear legs are longer than their front ones, which is why both breeds are such powerful jumpers.

Intelligence and trainability: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Can you train a cat? Well, it depends on their breed. All cats can be trained to learn basic skills, such as using their litter box or scratching post, but not all cats will be capable of learning advanced tricks. So, where do the Norwegian and Siberian sit on this scale?

"Siberian Forest cats are highly intelligent and sociable,” says Dr MacMillan. “Norwegian Forest cats are also clever and have great problem-solving skills, but it can be hard to get them to focus on training. Out of the two, the Siberians seem keener to learn tricks and commands."

When it comes to training your cat, Dr MacMillan says patience and positive reinforcement will get the best results. For some cats, positive reinforcement may look like verbal praise or quality time, whereas other kitties may prefer a few of the best cat treats as a reward. Experiment to find out which your feline friend responds to.

Exercise needs: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Cat play is a really important way to boost your feline friend's mental and physical health, strengthen your bond, and provide them with a source of daily enrichment. According to Dr MacMillan, all cats need around 20–30 minutes of physical activity each day, depending on their age and health status.

"Both Norwegian and Siberian Forest cats enjoy climbing and exploring, so they will be at the more active end of the spectrum," she explains. "These breeds need plenty of play opportunities and stimulation, though the Norwegian is reported to be the more high-energy of the two."

When it comes to these two breeds, both will benefit from having a range of interactive cat toys to play with. You may also find they respond well to cat puzzle feeders, which give them an opportunity to give their brains a good workout.

Grooming: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian and Norwegian Forest cats have similar grooming needs thanks to their long and thick coats, so we highly recommend investing in one of the best cat brushes to help get rid of all that loose fur!

"These cats need brushing a few times a week to remove dead fur and make sure their coats are kept tangle-free, but the good news is that they don’t seem as prone to matting as some other pedigree cats," Dr. MacMillan says.

And while brushing your cat's teeth may seem a little strange, Dr MacMillan says that “regular oral hygiene is important and should be started from a young age".

Health considerations: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

All cats can get sick, but there's no denying that some breeds are more prone to health issues than others. Here's everything you need to know about the Norwegian and Siberian Forest cats.

"Due to a lack of inbreeding, Siberian cats are not especially prone to any hereditary health complaints," Dr MacMillan explains. "Like many pedigree cats, they can be affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but it is more commonly reported in Norwegian Forest cats. This heart condition affects many pedigree breeds. It causes a thickening of the heart muscle, leading to blood clot formation and heart failure. Siberians can also develop any of the conditions that are common to all cats, however, such as dental disease, obesity, or kidney disease.

“Norwegian Forest cats are more at risk of inherited conditions, such as glycogen storage disease IV. This condition is rare and often results in death before birth. Hip dysplasia is also more commonly seen in Norwegian Forest cats. This developmental abnormality causes one or both hip joints to form incorrectly. This leads to pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of arthritis."

Owner suitability: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Now that you know a little bit more about the Siberian and Norwegian Forest Cats, you may be trying to decide which one would be the best fit for your home and lifestyle. Each breed is slightly different, so the good news is you're sure to find the perfect fur friend for you.

"Norwegian Forest cats are more independent and energetic than Siberians," says Dr. MacMillan. "An active family setup would suit them well, especially if there are older children who are keen to stimulate them with games and cat toys.

“Siberian Forest cats are also playful and will adapt to most families well, plus they are much more likely to curl up on a lap than a Norwegian. Some Siberian Forest cats also shed less Fel D1 protein than other cat breeds, which may benefit some mild allergy sufferers, but remember that no cat is truly a hypoallergenic breed."

Read next: Maine Coon vs ragdoll breed comparison

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

The second-largest continent in the world is home to many African dog breeds that have since been exported all over the world.

Most African dog breeds were originally working dogs, which is something to bear in mind as they are large, muscular, and strong

"This means they can be high energy with an independent streak, and are not necessarily suitable for a novice pet owner," says vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

African dog breeds

1. Rhodesian Ridgeback

The Rhodesian Ridgeback is known for its distinctive ridge of hair that grows along its back.

Originally bred for hunting and guarding, this is a powerful and agile large breed dog that needs around two hours of exercise each day. This is a very intelligent breed, but has a stubborn streak. Due to this – and their size – they are better suited to more experienced owners and handlers.

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are friendly, although they can be wary of strangers and other unknown dogs. It is important to socialize them from pups to help with this.

2. Boerboel

The Boerboel certainly stands out from the crowd thanks to their stocky build. They stand between 24–27 inches and can weigh up to 180lbs! They are one of the best guard dog breeds and are extremely protective of their pet parents and family.

This breed needs about an hour of exercise each day to stay happy. You'll want to be sure they have plenty of outdoor space to run around and stretch their legs.

3. Basenji

The basenji is a super intelligent pup, known for their distinctive yowling. This is a high energy breed that needs at least an hour per day of exercise. Basenjis are scent hounds and have a high prey drive, so they will do best in homes that don't have other smaller pets.

Basenjis have a strong independent streak and often struggle with recall training. Due to this, training can be a little harder, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. With plenty of the best dog treats and tons of positive reinforcement, basenjis can easily learn new skills.

4. Sloughi

A sighthound that originates from Northern Africa, the Sloughi is one of the fastest dog breeds that can reach speeds up to 42mph. They were originally bred for hunting and still maintain a high prey drive, so it’s best to keep them on a leash while out and about.

5. Aidi

You wouldn't guess it by looking at their thick coats but yes, the aidi originated in Morocco, where they were bred as guard dogs to protect against predators in the mountain regions.

Aidis are smart and loyal pups. While this breed is not officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is recognized by other organizations around the world.

6. Azawakh

The Azawakh is one of the rarest dog breeds around. They could easily be mistaken for a whippet due to their tall and slim frames. This breed was used to guard livestock, and they still carry their protective genes today.

They are incredibly loyal and loving dogs, but are not so trusting of strangers. Socialization can help them feel more comfortable around new people and dogs.

Caring for African dog breeds

You may have noticed a pattern by now – African dog breeds are typically high-energy and were originally bred for working purposes, so these dogs are going to do best when they are kept busy or given a job to do.

Dr MacMillan says, "Owners of large guarding and hunting breeds in particular, like the Rhodesian Ridgeback and boerboel, need to make sure their dogs receive early socialisation to avoid behavioural issues."

She also notes that these breeds will need just as much mental stimulation as physical to avoid boredom. Brain games for dogs and the best dog puzzle toys will go a long way in this department.

Read next: Unusual dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

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Cat breeds that act like dogs? Yes, please! Some say that you’re either a “dog person” or a “cat person”, but there are certain feline breeds that bridge the gap. These cats act so like their canine counterparts that they can bewitch even the most monogamous of dog lovers.

Stereotypical doggy traits such as chasing balls, greeting you at the door, and walking on the leash aren’t exclusive to the canine world. In fact, there are many cat breeds that are more loyal than aloof, more affectionate than independent, and more devoted than indifferent. But one asset that characterizes all cats, whatever their canine antics, is their beguiling charm.

Here are 20 breeds that behave more like man’s best friends than cool kitties – arguably giving us the best of both worlds.

Cat breeds that act like dogs

1. Abyssinian

Like dogs, Abyssinian cats tend to have sky-high energy levels and love to play. They will indulge in a spot of fetch and are highly trainable, thanks to their smart brains and willing natures. You can even teach them tricks.

Another doggy affinity is that they like playing in water more than most cats. Plus, they tend to get on well with dogs.

2. American Bobtail

Can cats play fetch? This breed sure can! An active and sociable breed, the American Bobtail greets its owner at the door and can be trained to walk on a leash as well as other tricks. Some even wag their stubby tails! Just about the only doggy trait they don’t share is barking.

3. Balinese

Unlike many cat breeds, the beautiful Balinese is not a solitary type, preferring the company of its family and tending to follow their humans around the house. An intelligent breed, they are highly active and playful, and can be trained to do tricks.

They can be classed as a high-maintenance cat breed due to their grooming requirements, but they sure are a beautiful breed.

4. Bengal

The glittering Bengal cat looks highly exotic, almost wild, but they are incredibly loyal and eager to please. They have bundles of energy, like a bouncy puppy, and love to play and interact – they’ll retrieve toys, play in water sources, relish the big outdoors, and generally give every impression that they’re a dog.

We’d say their elegant feline appearance and striking coat are a giveaway, though...

5. Birman

Like a dog, Birman cats are loyal and playful, and can be taught to obey commands. They tend to be sweet and gentle characters, not as suspicious or haughty as some cat breeds! They aren’t naturally independent and would much prefer your companionship to time alone.

6. Bombay

These striking black cats thrive on attention and affection, and tend to get on well with both people and other animals, including dogs. While the Bombay shares only their coat color with a black Labrador, physically speaking, in temperament they are similarly playful and outgoing as their canine counterparts, and likewise are trainable, love exploring, and being center stage.

7. Burmese

Athletic, playful, and interactive, Burmese cats thrive on attention and stimulation, in common with a regular dog. An intelligent breed, they are similarly trainable.

Like a whining dog, they are one of the loudest cat breeds. They are quite vocal when they want to communicate something to their owners, and don’t enjoy being left alone.

8. Chartreux

Like a Weimaraner in coloring but nothing else in its appearance, the stout Chartreux is often described as being dog-like in behavior. An athletic breed, they can be taught to retrieve a ball and walk on a leash, and they relish interactive play with their owner.

They are known for their intelligence and affectionate, playful personalities, but tend to be far less demanding than a dog.

9. Chausie

A Chausie has the look of a wildcat, but the behavior of a sweet and loving dog. They are naturally affectionate, eager to please, and sociable, as well as being highly energetic. Like most dogs, they love running, jumping, and exploring, and so make a great fit for active families.

10. Egyptian Mau

These stunning spotted cats are extraordinary athletes – the greyhounds of the feline world. With a uniquely long stride for a cat, they can clock speeds of up to 30mph and are outstanding jumpers and hunters. As far as their temperament goes, they share the stereotypical doggy traits of loyalty, playfulness, and trainability.

11. Havana Brown

This intelligent and people-oriented breed loves to please and thrives on being the center of attention in the home. They’ll follow you around, try to engage you in a game of fetch, and tend to get along well with other pets, including dogs.

12. Maine Coon

These gentle giants are larger than many of the smaller canine breeds, and resemble dogs in many ways. More like a dog than a fellow cat, the Maine Coon is not naturally independent or aloof, loving to be at the heart of the family.

They’ll go for walks on a leash and harness, will play fetch, chase, and learn tricks, and even enjoy splashing about in water.

13. Manx

While the first thing most people remark about Manx cats is that they are tail-less, their most obvious character trait is how closely they resemble dogs.

They are smart, sociable, loyal, and playful, as well as curious about exploring their environment. They tend to hang out with their family like a dog would, walk by your side, and follow you around the house.

14. Ocicat

Despite its name, the ocicat is just as much dog in temperament as it is a cat. Unlike many feline breeds that enjoy spells of solitude, the ocicat thrives on being part of the family, being excited and curious to meet and greet people.

They are intelligent and trainable, can jump impressively high, and walk on a leash. But they also love nothing more than settling down as a “lap cat” for a stroke and a cuddle with their favorite human.

15. Ragamuffin

Unlike many dog-like cats, the ragamuffin is not a high-energy breed. However, they resemble dogs in their affectionate natures and propensity to follow their owners around. They are sociable, thrive on human companionship, and enjoy interactive play.

As big as many dogs in size, they’re calm, kind, and great around kids and other pets. One fun fact about ragamuffins is that just like dogs, they love a good belly rub.

16. Savannah

The Savannah cat looks like a leopard but acts like a dog, sharing many traits with the latter. These leggy cats are full of zest and require plenty of physical activity as well as mental stimulation, which will sound familiar to owners of any high-energy dog breed.

Like dogs, they are among the cat breeds that like water (some even swim), they’ll retrieve toys, and can be trained to walk on a leash – among other tricks.

17. Selkirk Rex

Mellow and affectionate, the Selkirk Rex makes a great family pet, being sociable and forming close bonds with their humans.

While many dog-like cats are hyper-energetic, these resemble the more laid-back canine breeds, being calm, easy-going, and friendly.

18. Serengeti

A domestic rare cat breed with a look of the wild, but its appearance is misleading, as it has no wildcat genes. This is a great option for active families, as Serengetis are full of energy, love to play and climb, while also being friendly and affectionate companions.

Like a bouncy pup, the Serengeti does need plenty of stimulation, both physical and mental, to thrive.

19. Siberian Forest cat

Siberian Forest cats are like dogs in the way they bond so loyally with their owners. They tend to follow their favorite human around the home and cherish interaction and attention.

They are known for their devoted personality, which makes them eager to please and trainable. While they are playful, adventurous, and powerful, they are also calm and kind.

20. Sphynx

The bald sphynx has several counterparts in the canine world, with hairless dog breeds including the Chinese Crested, Mexican Hairless, and Peruvian Inca Orchid. But that’s not where the similarities end. Sphynx cats are known to be affectionate and loyal, while also enjoying interacting with their owners and deciding when it’s playtime.

A few things to know about sphynx cats are that they tend to be welcoming and friendly, and are sufficiently intelligent to enjoy learning tricks, such as leash walking.

Read next: Best cat breeds for dog owners