There's a common misconception that cats are highly independent and rather aloof, but often the ways cats show affection are misinterpreted. While it's true that our feline friends may not possess the same eagerness as our canine companions, they form very deep bonds with their chosen humans and are always finding ways to show their affection.

Cat communication may seem complex, but it’s easier to decipher than you might think. Because they can't simply say 'I love you' like we can, cats need to find other ways to let us know just how much they care — once you know what these are, you'll be completely fluent in cat love lingo.

It may be something as casual as dropping one of the best interactive cat toys at your feet in the hope you'll pick up on their signal that they want to play and spend time with you. Or it might be a sweet head butt, lick or slow blink.

However, if your kitty chooses to communicate with you, know that they're constantly using all the tools available to them to show you how much they adore you. Don't believe me? Read on for a huge list of the ways cats show affection.

1. Grooming you

Does your cat make it their mission to keep you clean? If so, consider it a sign of love. One of the many strange things that cats do that are actually quite normal, licking you is their way of showing affection. Cats groom each other to form bonds and when they do this with their humans, it’s a sign they’ve accepted you into their tribe.

2. Sleeping on your lap

When it comes to ways to bond with your cat, there’s nothing quite as satisfying as having them curl up on your lap. While not all cat breeds show their affection by cuddling, cuddly lap cat breeds will likely have this act as their number one love language.

3. Greeting you at the door

If your cat greets you at the door, consider yourself very loved indeed. While we often think of cats as being aloof and independent, most cats bond very deeply with their owners and are happy to see them when they return home. Running to greet you is one of the ways our feline friends express just how much we mean to them.

4. Following you around

Some cats are just complete velcro kitties — yes, we’re looking at you, Miss Siamese! These high-maintenance cat breeds can’t imagine being separated from their humans or missing out on any of the activities going on around the home. While it’s not always ideal to trip over a cat when you’ve just pulled dinner out of the oven and are trying to get it to the table in one piece, consider it your fur friend’s way of saying ‘I love you’.

5. Kneading you

Kneading (also known rather adorably as ‘making biscuits’) is a key sign of affection and is wonderfully relaxing for both cat and human — as long as you have a blanket over your lap that is because let’s face it, kitty claws are sharp! As well as being a way to show affection, cats will also knead when they feel content or when they’re trying to soothe themselves.

6. Purring

When a cat purrs, they’re saying that they feel safe and relaxed in your presence. Purring will often happen during times of close contact, such as when you’re petting or grooming your feline friend. One of the loudest ways cats show their love, purring isn’t just good for cats, listening to it can help us humans feel calmer, too.

7. The slow blink

When a cat closes their eyes (even briefly) in your presence, they’re putting themselves in a vulnerable position, so take the slow blink as a massive sign of trust. One of the best things about the slow blink is that it can be returned, creating a special way that you and your fur friend can express your love for one another.

8. Meowing

When it comes to the cat breeds with the biggest meows, the Siamese, Burmese, and Sphynx are at the top of the list. But regardless of what breed your feline friend is, almost all cats will meow when they’re in the presence of their favorite humans as a way of communicating with them. While it’s true that a cat will sometimes meow to demand that their food bowl is refilled, more often than not cats meow as a way of expressing affection — or to insist that you stroke them this very second!

9. Will let you pet them

Believe it or not, cats don’t just let any old person pet them, they’re actually very particular about who they let touch them. Your cat lets you pet them because they feel confident and secure in your presence and because that ear scratch just feels so darn good!

10. Head butts you

Cats are very territorial creatures and one of the ways they mark what’s theirs is by using the scent glands on their head and cheeks. If your kitty is head-butting you, take it as a compliment — they’re letting the world know that you belong to them.

11. Doesn't bite you

Why does my cat bite me is a common question amongst pet parents, but we often don’t pay as much attention to what it means when our feline friends don’t bite us. Your cat not biting you is a huge sign of affection that signals they feel able to let their guard down with you. Consider the lack of biting as a good indicator your kitty feels comfortable in your presence.

12. Does bite you

Just as not biting you can be a sign of affection, so too can biting! While it’s not the nicest feeling to have your kitty suddenly sink their teeth into you, cat play biting is one of the ways our cats communicate with us and they’ll often use gentle nips to get us to join in with their game. Gentle biting may also be used as a way to initiate an interaction and get your attention.

13. Shows you their belly

If your cat flops down on the floor and exposes their belly to you, it’s a huge sign of trust. Like a lot of animals, cats won’t show their belly to just anyone as this makes them vulnerable to being attacked, so if they are giving you some belly love, they’re communicating that they feel safe and at ease around you.

14. Rubbing up against you

Yes, it’s possible that they just want their bowl refilled with some of the best cat food, but rubbing up against you doesn’t always have an ulterior motive! Also known rather sweetly as ‘bunting’, cats will affectionately rub up against people they identify as a friends.

15. Lets you live in the same house as them

When you first hear that letting you live in the same house as them is one of the big ways your cat shows their affection for you, you can’t help but laugh — until you realize it’s true! Those of us who have a feline friend (or two) know that it’s really them who run the show, they’re just kind enough to let us think we’re in charge.

16. Sitting next to you

Does your cat love to sit next to you when you’re working or watching a movie? If so, consider yourself deeply loved. A cat who chooses to be close to you is expressing just how much you mean to them but don’t be offended if they don’t want to snuggle up into your lap. Some cat breeds have lots of fur which means they get hot quickly, while others simply want to be close to your warmth and scent without being too close.

17. Demanding attention

Is my cat bored? If they’re demanding attention, it’s well worth considering whether your kitty is getting enough mental and physical stimulation. However, if you know they get plenty of playtime and they’re still demanding your focus, it could well be because they simply enjoy spending time with you. Although they can be annoying, attention-seeking behaviors are often your cat's way of letting you know they adore you.

18. Tail shaped like a question mark

Ever wondered what your cat’s tail is telling you? It could well be saying I love you! A question mark tail (one that’s up and curled at the end) is a sign of a very happy kitty and our feline friends will often use it as a way of inviting us to interact with them. Not only is this a signal of their affection for you, but it’s also typically used when they’re keen to receive affection.

19. Rolling over

If the first thing your cat does when you walk in the door is flop on the floor and roll over, they’re definitely excited to have you home. When a cat rolls around on their back, they’re signaling they feel safe and would love to have your attention. Just a note of caution — rolling around on their back can also be an invitation to play, so do think carefully before giving them a belly rub!

20. Letting you brush them

Cats groom each other as a way to form bonds and show affection. When they extend this behavior to humans (and let you brush and groom them in return) it’s their way of saying that they consider you to be one of their own.

21. Unwavering eye contact

On the whole, cats typically find eye contact with strangers (fellow cats and humans alike) to be very threatening but if you find your kitty looking at you with a soft and relaxed gaze, that’s a huge sign of affection.

22. Offering emotional support

When it comes to the best emotional support animal breeds, it’s often dogs that spring to mind, but don’t discount cats! Although cats are often viewed as aloof, most bond very deeply with their human family, and sensitive felines in particular are able to sense their owner's mood. If you’re feeling sad and you suddenly find your kitty sitting beside you, that’s their way of letting you know they care.

23. Sulking

Do cats hold grudges? Well, not quite in the same way we humans do but they can certainly sulk when you've done something to upset them. You're probably wondering how this could possibly be a sign of affection, but remember — we don't tend to get upset by people we don't care about, it's those that we love who are the most likely to hurt us. The same is true for our feline friends.

24. Jealousy

Ever found yourself thinking 'Do cats feel jealousy?' Although jealousy in cats is different from the jealousy we feel, it's clear that cats are highly territorial creatures and can feel very possessive about their humans. In a roundabout way, your cat acting this out (likely through unwanted behaviors!) is their way of communicating how important you are to them.

25. Pawing you

If you've ever been woken up at 4 am by your cat pawing at you demanding breakfast, you don't need us to tell you how annoying that can be! But cats will also paw their humans for other reasons, too — namely as an affectionate gesture designed to get you to send a little love their way.

26. Wanting to share your bed

When it comes to activities to do with your cat, nothing beats a cat nap! While some cats will snuggle in close, others will be content to lie at the end of the bed — either way, a joint snooze session is definitely a way of showing affection.

27. "Helping" you work

Have you ever been sitting in an online meeting or in the middle of putting together a presentation only to have your kitty walk over your keyboard — or worse still for your productivity, sprawl themselves across it? Even though it may feel exasperating in the moment, try to reframe things in your mind. Your feline friend simply wants to be involved in everything you do and likely thinks they're being helpful!

28. Nursing you when you're sick

Cats seem to have a sense of when their humans are feeling unwell and if their favorite person is laid up on the couch or has taken to their bed with a cold or the flu, they'll often camp out beside them until they're feeling better. We can't promise they'll bring you chicken soup, but they'll definitely bring you a whole lot of love.

29. Bringing you a gift

Why does my cat bring me toys and other gifts like dead animals we hear you ask, well, it's likely their way of showing you how much you mean to them. Unlike us, they can't pop to the store and pick their loved ones up a box of chocolate or a bouquet of flowers, so a dead (or heaven forbid, live) mouse or bird is the best way to say I love you.

30. Asking you to play

There's nothing most cats love more than zooming about after one of the best cat toys, and the majority of cats prefer to play with their favorite human than play alone. If your kitty is dropping toys at your feet or engaging in other playful behavior, that's their affectionate way of asking you to spend some time with them.

31. Scratching

We know — there's nothing more annoying than having your kitty scratching your furniture to pieces, but it's worth noting that they're not doing it to annoy you. Cats scratch both to keep their claws healthy and to deposit their scent, so if they're scratching around the house, that's their way of marking their territory and letting the world know that you belong to them. If your feline friend is destroying important items, investing in a good quality cat scratching post can help them learn appropriate scratching behavior.

32. Comes to fetch you

If you're a cat owner, you've likely had the experience of being woken up by your feline friend at a completely unsociable hour just because they're bored or have decided they miss you. Waking you during the night is a sign that your kitty has noticed your absence and is seeking comfort and connection.

Cat play biting can come as a shock. One minute playtime with your furry friend is all fun and games, then they suddenly give you a painful nip.

Perhaps you have a multi-cat household and are concerned that your cats are playing too roughly and biting each other. Even if you’ve given them the best cat toys, it’s common for cats to occasionally give their human companions or feline playmates a playful nibble, but play biting can escalate and cause injuries if their teeth break the skin, so it’s important to discourage this behavior.

Play biting can be influenced by three key factors - a cat’s natural hunting instincts, their early socialization experiences, and a need to communicate with their human or feline playmate.

We asked Amanda Campion, a clinical animal behaviorist, to explain these underlying motivations and advise us how to respond to play bites or better yet, deter your kitty from displaying this undesirable behavior.

She has worked with cats and their caregivers for many years, using her detective skills to find out what their problems are and trying to find a balance where life is harmonious again for cats and humans.

Why is my cat play biting?

Have you ever received an unexpected bite during playtime with your furry friend and found yourself wondering why does my cat bite me? Cats don’t bite just for the sake of biting. It’s a natural part of your feline friend’s behavioral repertoire.

Campion explains, “A cat’s bite is innate and instinctual predatory behavior. As kittens, they practice their hunting skills, honing their reflexes and satisfying their natural urge to chase moving objects, catch and bite prey.”

You may have experienced your kitty attempting to hug, bunny kick and bite your forearm or leg. This is how they would restrain and immobilize prey. If your cat doesn’t have enough opportunities to simulate the hunting sequence of stalk, chase, pounce, kick, scratch and bite by playing with toys or puzzle feeders, they may misdirect predatory behavior towards you or their feline playmates.

Kittens usually learn social skills, boundaries, and self-control through playing with their siblings and mother. Their playmate will yelp, bat them on the nose, or stop playing with them if they bite too hard.

If a kitten is taken away from its litter too soon or has to be hand-reared alone, it may not learn to sheath its claws and inhibit its bite, leading to overly aggressive play behaviors in adulthood.

Cats also use biting as a form of communication and social interaction. Campion explains, “Play biting is also a means for cats to communicate their personal boundaries or seek attention. By gently nipping another cat or human, they may be indicating their comfort levels or trying to initiate interaction. As soon as the other cat or human responds to the nip, the cat quickly learns this is effective to get the attention it sought.”

When cats play together, gentle nips are often used to encourage a feline playmate to join the game, but a bite may also signal that play is getting too rough and the biter has had enough. If your kitty nips your body parts during play, they're probably in a heightened state of arousal.

Campion cautions, “When a cat becomes overstimulated during play, they may resort to biting to release pent-up energy or express frustration. It’s crucial to recognize their subtle cues and intervene or conclude the interaction before play escalates to aggression.”

How to stop a cat play biting you

To prevent cat play aggression it’s important to understand how to play with a cat appropriately. Never engage in play that involves roughhousing or teasing your feline friend with your hands or feet.

Campion warns, “Hands-free play is essential to prevent your kitten or cat from associating hands or feet as toys."

Encouraging them to pounce by wriggling your fingers or toes under a blanket may seem like a fun game, but this teaches them that it’s acceptable to ambush and attack human body parts, which can lead to misdirected predatory behavior.

While nips from a kitten may be cute, it’s not so amusing when they grow up and have sharper teeth and a much stronger bite.

“Very often, inappropriate human play with kittens will develop into unwanted aggressive tendencies as they mature into adulthood,” explains Campion.

She continues: “Appropriate play is a crucial factor in reducing the likelihood of play biting directed at caregivers and helps establish healthy boundaries and positive play habits. Providing outlets for predatory play, such as wand toys and puzzle feeders, offers your cat opportunities to engage in natural predatory and foraging behaviors in a safe and stimulating environment. It helps satisfy their hunting instincts and prevents boredom-induced biting by utilizing their time effectively.”

Keeping an eye on cat body language can help you spot the warning signs that your feline friend is becoming over-stimulated or frustrated.

“Understanding your cat’s body language is key to preventing play biting,” says Campion. “Always pay attention to their micro-facial and body signals, such as dilated pupils, rippling skin, twitching tail, or flattened ears, which may indicate agitation or overstimulation during play.”

Campion advises, “To deter play biting, immediately withdraw your attention and focus from the cat or kitten and shift your body position away. If your cat already has a grip on your hand, let your limb go floppy and still, then wait for the cat to unlatch. When this happens swiftly remove yourself from the cat without eye contact or communication, preferably to another room.”

If you believe that your furry playmate is about to bite, redirecting their attention to an appropriate kicker toy will allow them to engage their natural predatory instincts to grab, kick, and bite without causing you any injuries.

Campion cautions, “The timing of this is crucial as if you give them the toy after they have bitten you, they may perceive that the biting results in the reward of play with a toy. Consistently reinforcing gentle play behavior with positive reinforcement and redirecting your cat to appropriate toys can help to discourage play biting in the future.”

How to stop a cat play biting other cats

It can be difficult to determine are my cats playing or fighting? The pouncing, wrestling, bunny kicking and biting behaviors displayed by cats during play look very similar to those seen during aggressive encounters. But there are clues you can look out for.

Play fighting is less intense than true fighting, doesn’t involve any hissing or growling and playmates tend to take turns ambushing and pouncing on each other, whereas during an aggressive interaction, it’s usually obvious that one cat is the aggressor and the other the victim.

Cats, particularly kittens, often use their mouths to interact with each other during play sessions. These playful nips are usually gentle and not intended to cause harm.

However, there is a risk that play biting can escalate into aggression, particularly if one cat decides that they’ve had enough, but their playmate continues trying to ambush or wrestle them.

Cats are individuals with unique personalities and preferences. Some enjoy and have a high tolerance for rough play, while others are more sensitive and may find over-exuberant play and biting stressful.

This is more likely to occur when there’s a mismatch between the cats’ temperaments and activity levels, for example, kittens tend to be very active and have higher play drives than adult cats.

If one of your cats has much more energy than their companion, engage them in play with the the best interactive cat toys to give their feline playmate a break.

Never punish your cat if they play too roughly or play bite another cat, as this can cause stress and anxiety.

“Punishing a cat will only exacerbate tensions and can cause the relationship between cats to deteriorate, as well as damaging the human/cat bond,” cautions Campion. "Discourage play biting and aggressive play by ensuring the environment has ample resources and space to avoid competition and resource guarding. Try to engage your cats in favorable interactions through individual playtime and enrichment activities tailored to each cat’s age-specific and health needs.”

You might be wondering can you train a cat to deter play biting and the answer is yes! Positive reinforcement training using praise and treats to reward gentle play behavior can help to foster harmony between two cats and encourage positive play interactions.

They have a reputation for being lazy and aloof but are cats playful? We reveal the importance and benefits of cat play, from banishing boredom to strengthening the cat-human bond. Or, learn about how cats play with each other and why cats sit on their toys

Having a pet at home is one of the great joys of life, but sometimes they display downright baffling behaviors. Your dog scratching at the door is pretty easy to interpret, but why does he follow you to the bathroom? Your cat's tendency to hiss at things that scare her makes sense, but why is she eating plastic?

We've put together a list of some common pet behaviors and gone through what your pet might be trying to tell you. Next time your furry friend is being weird, have a read and see what they're saying.

32 things your pet is trying to tell you

1. Sighing

Dogs and cats might sigh to communicate a number of things. The sigh might indicate happiness or contentment, or they may be trying to tell you that they're bored. Take contextual clues from other body language your pet is displaying: do they seem stressed? Understimulated?

2. Howling

This one is more of a dog behavior, although cats sometimes yowl. Howling can be your dog's way of saying "I am here" and marking their territory, or warning predators away from your home. Howling is also a social activity, so your dogs may enjoy howling together, even if you don't. A yowling cat is likely bored and wants attention, or might be squaring up for a fight.

3. Hissing

A hissing cat is not a happy cat. It is usually an indication that your cat is anxious, scared, or angry. Cats hiss in response to pain, or threats, or to give those around them a warning that they might get spicy and aren't afraid to fight.

4. Whale eye

Dogs use whale eyes to communicate discomfort, worry, and a desire not to be disturbed. The whites of the eyes are visible, and the dog's head is usually lowered, but they will keep their eyes fixed on something or someone that they're trying to tell to go away.

5. Barking

A barking dog is definitely trying to tell you something, but it could mean a variety of things. They may be trying to alert you to danger, get your attention or they may just be happy and expressing themselves. Some dogs bark to initiate play or to show that they are enjoying play.

6. Meowing

Cats meow for a variety of reasons, but mostly to communicate with humans. A long meow might be a plea for attention, a little meow might be your cat saying "hi!" and a chirping meow might mean that your cat is excited and has seen something interesting.

7. Growling

A growl can mean several things, like "go away," "I'm scared," or "I don't like that." But not all growls are negative: some dogs growl during play or to simply let you know they need their space. Contextual clues are important here, sometimes a stressed-out dog might produce a yawn that ends in a growl. Sometimes they even growl in their sleep.

8. Purring

A purring cat is usually a content cat. Cats purr when they are happy, and feel safe and comfortable with you. If they purr while you're petting them they're letting you know "I like that."

9. Wagging

A wagging tail tends to be a good indication that your dog is having a good time! A slow and lazy wag usually means your dog is relaxed and happy, a fast wag means your dog is excited. Your dog may also wag in appeasement, so if their other body language looks anxious it might not be a cheerful wag but a nervous one.

10. Slow blinking

Cats slow-blink to communicate happiness, relaxation, and affection. If your cat is half closing their eyes while they stare at you they're telling you that they love you and they feel safe with you.

11. Bowing

Dogs bow for a number of reasons. A big stretch that ends in a bow pointing to their human usually means your dog is ready for action and wants you to know that. Dogs also go into a bow, called a play bow, to invite other dogs to play with them.

12. Bringing you a beloved item

This is a weird displacement behavior that dogs do when they are feeling big emotions. If when you come in the door or come downstairs in the morning your dog has to go and get a toy or something else, this is his way of managing his feelings because he's very excited to see you. It might also just mean he wants to play!

13. Eating or chewing things

Dogs and cats both like to chew or attempt to eat things that interest them. They experience the world through their mouths and noses, so chomping down on something is a good way to assess the texture and see if it's worth eating. Try to keep things like plastic bags and toxic plants out of reach of your cat or dog if there is a risk they will ingest them.

14. Interest in the door

If your pet is standing by, scratching, or generally showing interest in the front door, they might want to go out. Some dogs can even be trained to press a button or pull a string and set off a bell that lets you know they need to go out and do their business. Sometimes dogs will stand by the door and whine, while cats might meow for your attention — they can't open it by themselves!

15.  Hiding

Dogs and cats both hide when they feel insecure or unsafe. This might be due to a trigger you can help them with, but they may need time and space to reassess their environment and feel secure again. Cats also enjoy hiding for fun, as it helps them to feel secure, which is why when they see a cardboard box, they must sit in it.

16. Exposing belly

Dogs and cats both expose their bellies when they feel safe and comfortable. Sometimes this is an invitation to pet their exposed tummy, sometimes it is not. Cats in particular can be very choosey about who they let touch their bellies, so proceed with caution. Dogs will also roll over as a submissive gesture if they feel stressed or dominated by another dog or human.

17. Licking their person

The good news is that your pet probably won't lick you unless they like you. The bad news is that it's often considered an undesirable behavior, especially in dogs. There's nothing worse than your dog (who was licking his nether regions in full view five minutes ago) planting a wet sloppy kiss on your face. Pets lick to show affection, get our attention, or just because we taste good. Whether or not you let your pet give you a tongue bath is up to you.

18. Leaning against you

Pets lean on the people they love, just as we do. A lean against a favorite human's legs, or putting their weight on you is a universal sign of affection whether you've got a cat or a dog. Cats are more likely to rub against you as they lean or weave in and out of your legs, whereas dogs might plop their head on you or lean their weight against you, just to let you know they're there.

19. Nuzzling

Cats tend to headbutt or "headbunt" to show affection and claim you as "theirs." This action means "I love you," "I trust you," and "You are my friend." Dogs do something similar and nuzzle their owners to show love or gain attention. A dog pushing their head against you usually wants to let you know that they're there and they love you..

20. Staring

A stare can mean a number of things in the animal kingdom. It can express anything from discomfort to affection. Your pet's other body language will be a good indicator of what they might be feeling. If their ears are up they are probably curious. If their ears are flat they might be upset by something. Check-in with your surroundings and see if there is anything they might be trying to point out to you.

21. Yawning

A yawn is another multifaceted piece of pet communication. In its simplest form, it could just be your pet expressing drowsiness or waking up from a good sleep. However, yawning can be an appeasement behavior in dogs or a way to express that they are stressed. Cats will also yawn when stressed, bored, or upset. If the yawn is accompanied by a big stretch, it's probably reflexive and your pet is relaxed.

22. Tail between legs

Dogs will tuck their tails down or clamp them between their legs if they are afraid. If they are unsure of a situation or feeling anxious, and is an expression of submission where there is a dominant dog around.

23. Arched back

Cats arch their backs when they are frightened or angry to make themselves look bigger. If the arched back is accompanied by hissing and flat ears, your cat is feeling threatened. Cats will also arch their backs when you pet them, in simple enjoyment of the feeling. This arch is more about asking for more or appreciating the back scratch.

24. Curling up

How your pet chooses to sleep can tell you a lot about how they are feeling. Dogs and cats will curl up to stay warm and protect their vital organs. While this doesn't always mean they feel unsafe — it might just be a comfortable position for them — if it's the only way they sleep they might not feel entirely secure with their surroundings. A dog or cat that is happy to sleep with their belly exposed feels very safe in your company.

25.  Zoomies

Cats and dogs both experience Frenetic Random Activity Periods (FRAPs), or zoomies. Your pet has excess energy and is using it up, or is expressing their excitement, joy, and overall good feelings. The main difference between dog and cat zoomies is that cats seem to have them in the middle of the night, while dogs generally don't.

26. Stealing your things

Many pets are opportunists and will steal food, toys, and other items when they can. It might be that they just like the thing that they've stolen, or see it as valuable, but if they are stealing particular things like socks it might be because these smell strongly of you. Pets sometimes hoard things they deem valuable, which is a behavior called caching. When something is really nice or really special, they may want to save it for later or hide it from anyone who may take it off them, hence caching.

27. Spinning before lying down

Dogs and cats will circle before lying down as it gives them an opportunity to observe their environment and check out the area they're looking to sleep in. While this behavior isn't anything to worry about and is purely instinctual, it can seem a bit strange. It also allows them to make their beds nice and comfy and get their pillows and blankets "just so".

28. Licking paws

Pets will clean their paws as part of general grooming, but excessive paw licking can be a symptom of anxiety, skin irritation, or allergies. Some pets will do this out of boredom, similar to humans chewing their nails, so make sure your pet has enough entertainment. If your dog only licks their feet at certain times of the year it might indicate that their paws are itchy due to allergies and they might need an antihistamine.

29. Baring teeth

Dogs and cats will show their teeth for several reasons, but usually, it is a sign of discomfort or aggression. A scared pet will show you their teeth to express their fear. If bared teeth are accompanied by growling or hissing and other negative body language, your pet isn't happy. Some cats bare their teeth when sniffing due to something called the Flehmen response. Some dogs also bare their teeth or "smile" when they think they're in trouble, in an attempt to avoid confrontation, which is known as a submissive grin.

30. Whining

Some dogs are more vocal than others and while you may never hear one dog whine, another might do it all the time to communicate lots of different things. Dogs often whine to communicate boredom, beg for attention, or indicate that they need something. They may also whine when excited, concerned, in pain, or unhappy.

31.  Leash agression

Leash aggression is something that dogs do when they feel restricted by the leash or unsafe with the leash on. If they are nervous or anxious, a leash prevents them from running away from something triggering, so they feel their only option is to lash out. This can lead to a dog who is perfectly behaved off leash acting out while leashed and showing reactivity to other dogs where they would normally be calm.

32. Destructive behavior

Dogs and cats may express anxiety or boredom with destructive behavior. In dogs this can present as digging, chewing, and ripping things apart, and in cats, it tends to be scratching or ripping. While this might feel like a punishment, giving your pet appropriate sources of entertainment and plenty of mental stimulation is likely to solve the issue. Here's how to stop a dog digging.

Read next: 20 quirky pet behaviors explained.

You may have tried talking. You may have attempted to smile. You may even have reached out and given your cat a friendly pat. But if you really want to bond with your feline friend, then you need to try working on your eyes. 

You may have already tried the best interactive cat toys but now, a study published in Scientific Reports has revealed cats are receptive to human attempts to chat with them – so long as you're speaking the correct language. 

By slowly blinking, for instance, a cat is likely to reciprocate by slow-blinking in return. If you go further and extend a hand while slowly blinking, the scientists say a cat will, more often than not, also approach you.

• Does cat translator app Meowtalk really work?
• Why do cats rub against you?
• 10 signs of a happy cat

In each case, the cat owners were sitting a meter away from the kitties. What's more, the communication hack seemed to work when humans and cats were strangers, making the slow-blink a great way to engage a feline you encounter for the first time.

But there's a knack to it: you need to relax your face, narrow your eyes then close them for a couple of seconds.

“Our results suggest that slow blink sequences may function as a form of positive emotional communication between cats and humans,” the researchers from the University of Sussex wrote. In conducting their study, they've confirmed what many cat owners had long suspected. Here's a tweet showing some cat love in action!

Even so, it appears to be only one method of engagement. It doesn't shed light on other issues such as why do cats meow nor does it explain what your feline is trying to tell you when purring, licking and making use of their tail.

Indeed, you may want to explore what your cat's tail is telling you and also get to grips with cat body language. You may even find that playing games while feeding your kitty with the best cat food is another great way to bond – albeit an essential one! 

As for why cats have developed to communicate by slow-blinking, the scientists point to the eyes being important in signalling emotions.

“The act of narrowing the eyes [appears] to be associated with positive emotional communication in a range of species,” the researchers wrote. 

"Why do cats blink?" might not be a question you've ever really given much thought to. After all, you probably understand why people blink – to keep our eyes nice and moist and to clear away any foreign bodies – so it's likely the same thing for cats, right? However, that's not quite the case.

If you're a particularly observant cat-watcher, you might instead wonder if they ever actually blink at all. It's possible to watch a cat for absolutely ages without catching it blinking, so what's going on there? Does it simply not blink, or does it somehow time its blinks to match yours so you never catch it in the act? When you think about it, that's just the sort of fiendish trick a cat might pull to confuse its humans!

Thankfully we're here to dispel as much confusion as we can. Whatever your questions about cats and their blinking, you'll find all of the answers below. And because blinking can also be a kind of cat body language, we'll also talk about what cat blinks can mean, and how you can make use of them as a form of cat communication. 

Read on to get all the answers you need, or alternatively see our more general guide to cats' eyes for plenty more fascinating feline facts.

• Can cats sleep with their eyes open?
• Do cats see color?
• Why does my cat stare at me?

Do cats blink? 

It's probably safe to say that we've already established that cats blink. However they don't quite do it in the same way that we do. Cats' eyes are largely similar to ours but with some fascinating differences, and one thing they have that we don't is a third, inner eyelid, called the nictitating membrane. When a cat blinks it doesn't fully close its eyelids; instead the upper and lower eyelids almost close, while the nictitating membrane quickly swipes diagonally across the eyeball.

Why do cats blink? 

As we've mentioned, we humans blink to keep our eyes in good condition. And cats do it for much the same reason – to clear away dust and debris and to keep their little eyeballs moist. The big difference, however, is that while the tears in our eyes evaporate quickly, which means we tend to blink a lot to stop them drying out, cat tears are more viscous – they're a mixture of water, oil and mucus created by glands around their eyes – so they take a lot longer to evaporate, and that means cats don't need to blink as frequently as we do.

There is of course another reason that cats blink, and that's as a form of communication; we'll come back to that in a bit. But getting back to why your cat might be blinking, if you're noticing excessive blinking or watery eyes, your cat may need medical attention; our article on Why are my cat's eyes watering can give you all the advice you might need.

How often do cats blink?

Nowhere near as often as we do. Humans tend to blink between 15-20 times a minute, and as we've already mentioned, it's an essential thing we do automatically to keep our eyes in good condition. Cats, however, can't afford the luxury of shutting their eyes multiple times a minute; they're predators who can also find themselves as prey to bigger animals, so they need to be watchful the whole time.

So they only blink when they need to, and because their eyelids don't fully close when they blink and the translucent nictitating membrane does the business of refreshing their eyeballs, it's thought that they can still see during those fractions of a second when they're blinking.

• Can cats see in the dark?

How long do cats go without blinking?

Cutting to the chase, then, how long exactly can a cat go without blinking? If you've ever wondered whether cats actually blink at all, this will go some way to explaining that train of thought: cats can actually go for hours at a time without what we think of as a blink. They might occasionally refresh their eyes with a lightning-fast swipe of that nictitating membrane, but their eyes will remain open and watchful.

Why do cats blink with one eye? 

Most cat blinking is all about keeping their eyes in good condition, and while in most cases it's simply regular upkeep, sometimes cats – like us – will get something in one eye, or one eye might get drier than the other one. And while we might blink when we get something in one eye, cats, as we've noted, prefer to see as much as possible at all times. 

And so when your cat is troubled by one eye but the other's fine, it'll simply blink with that eye and keep the other fully open. It might look strange to us, but from the cat's perspective it's the most visually effective way of doing things.

• Why do cats sleep so much? 

What does it mean when a cat blinks or winks at you?

Aside from everyday blinking as a form of eye maintenance, what does it mean when a cat blinks (or even winks) at you? It depends on how quickly it happens.

As most cat owners surely know by now, receiving a slow blink from your cat is a great honor; in cat terms, shutting your eyes for any length of times means that you're feeling comfortable in that situation, and so a slow means that kitty loves you, or is at least happy in your presence. 

However, a cat that's rapidly blinking (or winking) is in quite a different mood; this means that it feels uncomfortable, nervous or frightened. If you're faced by a fast-blinking cat, the best option is to back away and let it cool down for a bit.

Can you communicate with your cat by blinking slowly?

You can indeed. The slow blink is a potent form of cat communication, and if you're in the receiving end of one it's only polite to return the compliment. You don't have to wait to receive a slow blink, though; if you're trying to break the ice with a stand-offish cat, a slow blink – followed by looking away from it for a few seconds – is an excellent way to communicate to it that you're not a threat and you're not treating the cat as a threat, and kitty may well reciprocate the gesture.

Should I avoid direct eye contact with my cat?

As a rule, yes. Cats don't like direct eye contact; staring between cats is generally a sign that they're squaring up for a fight. A cat staring at a human is a little more complex but if your cat's staring at you, you shouldn't really stare back, although if you find you've locked eyes with kitty without thinking, a slow blink will defuse the situation.

Why do cats rub against you? If you have a feline friend in your life, it’s one of many behaviors that has likely piqued your curiosity, and while it can certainly be a sign that they’re trying to get you to top up their bowl, there are several other reasons that your kitty may choose to rub up against you.

Cat communication can feel notoriously difficult to figure out at times, but the good news is that once you master it, you’ll soon become an expert on what your feline friend is trying to tell you. When it comes to rubbing up against you, rest assured that while it can mean several different things, it's almost always positive.

Rubbing is a behavior that’s passed down from mother to kitten and is used within the cat community as a sign of affection, to greet others in the feline family, to mark territory and as a way of communicating acceptance. Cats are likely to use rubbing in much the same way with humans as they would with others in their fur tribe.

Below, we walk you through the science behind rubbing behavior in cats and explore the five main most common reasons your cat is rubbing up against you. Plus, we reveal the signs to be on the lookout for that may indicate that your kitty's rubbing is a cause for concern. 

Why do cats rub against you?

When it comes to communication, our feline friends rely heavily on scent as a way of getting their message across. Located around their cheeks, chin, top of their head and base of their tail, cats have a number of scent glands that contain what are known as pheromones. Cats use these pheromones as chemical messages to interact with the world around them. 

To help you decipher what it is your kitty is trying to tell you, here are the most common reasons your fur baby is rubbing up against you:

1. Showing affection

Rubbing their body around your legs or engaging in head bunting, are the ultimate signs of affection where your cat is concerned and shows that they feel safe and secure around you. 

2. To claim you as a member of their tribe

Cats are highly territorial creatures and not just when it comes to inanimate objects, they’re also very possessive of any human they consider to be a part of their tribe. Rubbing up against you is your feline friend's way of marking you with their scent and letting other cats know that you belong to them.

If you notice that your kitty often rubs up against you when you return home after having been out for the day, this is because the scent from the pheromones they release don’t last and need to be frequently reapplied in order for your cat to reclaim their territory. Marking you with their scent is also said to release endorphins, helping your furkid to feel calm and safe.

3. As a greeting

Have you ever come home from a long day at work or a night away and almost tripped over your feline friend as they tried to weave in and out of your legs? Both rubbing and head bunting are classic greeting signs your cat may use to let you know they missed you and are happy to have you back. 

4. To signal they need something

Not all rubbing will be a sign of affection or territorial marking, sometimes your cat will rub up against you to let you know they want something. Whether they’re after their next meal or they want you to drag a few of the best cat toys out of the drawer and play with them, rubbing may be used to indicate a need.

It’s important to pay attention to the kind of rubbing your cat is using as this will help you decipher what it is they’re trying to tell you. If it’s persistent yet gentle (and perhaps accompanied by meowing) then it’s likely food, play or affection they’re after. More aggressive rubbing may be a sign of illness or a way of expressing displeasure if their litter box needs cleaning. 

5. Creating a family scent

When it comes to keeping their family unified, that’s one job your feline friend takes very seriously - so much so that they want to make sure that all the members of their pack have one scent that groups them all together. 

If your kitty is rubbing you and you begin to pet them, they’ll likely take this as a sign that you’re fully committed to actively participating in this family scent exchange and take great delight in the fact that you’re marking them back. 

Should I worry if my cat is rubbing up against me all the time?

According to Dr. Mikel Maria Delgado, a certified animal behaviorist and cat behavior consultant, rubbing is rarely a cause for concern and is a very normal form of cat communication. “It’s one way they mark their territory, and rubbing can help cats feel safe,” she says.

Even if your cat is rubbing you or a particular item of furniture several times a day, Delgado says this isn’t anything to worry about. “Cats will often return to the same areas to ‘refresh’ their rubs,” she explains.

However, if your cat’s rubbing becomes aggressive and you notice it’s being accompanied by other changes in behavior, it’s important to take your kitty to the vet to get a checkup. Some signs to be on the lookout for, include:

• Increased vocalization
• Excessive grooming
• Changes in appetite or drinking behavior
• Moderate to severe itching and scratching
• Hair loss
• Weight loss
• Confusion
• Vomiting and/or diarrhea

Excessive rubbing can often be a sign of allergies, a flea infestation, ear infection, feline hypersensitivity disorder and intracranial disease, so if you’re at all concerned that your feline friend is rubbing compulsively, have a chat with your vet who will be able to offer advice and guidance. 

If you’re wondering why do cats rub their face on things, check out this helpful feature. Or, discover the signs your cat loves you/

Learning how to decipher cat body language will not only help you understand and communicate with your pet, but it will also strengthen your bond.

It can be difficult to read what your cat is thinking not only because they’re not as expressive as dogs, but because their body language can be misinterpreted.

For example, you may think your cat is happy if it has its tail straight up in the air, but if its fur is standing up at the same time, this could signal fear or anxiety instead. There's no denying that cat communication can be a little more difficult to navigate than that of our canine companions but with a little bit of background knowledge, you'll be an expert cat whisperer in no time.

Below we walk you through how cats communicate with humans as well as each other and reveal the most common forms of body language so that you can better understand your feline friend.

So, what are you waiting for? Read on as we take you on a journey into the world of your kitty and help you uncover the secrets to a happy cat.

How do cats communicate with humans? 

While we may not speak the same language, cats communicate with humans in a number of verbal and non-verbal ways.

Verbally, this tends to come primarily in the form of meowing. Meowing is actually only used to communicate with humans. While kittens may meow at their mothers, adult cats don’t actually meow at each other.

Meows can be used as a greeting, when they want something or to tell us when something is wrong. Cats also communicate by purring or chirping when they are happy or looking for comfort, hissing and howling when scared, stressed or in pain.

Non-verbal communication includes their body language and behavior. A cat’s posture, tail position, as well as what their eyes, ears and whiskers are doing are all indicative of their mood.

For example, if a cat tucks its tail between its legs it could be scared or anxious. Similarly, its learning certain behaviors will help you better understand your cat. You may ask yourself why they’re pawing at your leg or staring at you, but these are simply signs of affection.

How do cats communicate with other cats?  

Cats use a number of methods to communicate with other cats. These include verbal, physical and even chemical.

Vocalizations used to communicate with other cats are similar to those used with humans: trills, growls, hisses and purrs. Cats use different pitches, volumes and levels of intensity to express these vocalizations so if they’re anxious they may let out an intense, loud meow and if they’re happy it may be a softer, less intense meow.

Body language and chemical cues are also used between cats. When they greet each other they touch noses and rub up against each other to give off their scent. They may even hook tails as a sign of affection. Their body language is similar to that used with humans.

A friendly cat will hold its tail high and perk its ears forward, blinking its eyes slowly. However there are additional signs too. Licking the top of each other’s head is a sign of affection and by sniffing each other’s bottoms and play biting they form a social bond.

What does my cat's body language mean? 

Your cat’s body language and actions are a guide to understanding them. This is what they’re telling you:

Body language signals

• Ears, eyes and whiskers A happy cat usually has a relaxed face and whiskers, forward facing ears with slightly slit pupils. An angry cat has flat ears, slit eyes and backward-facing whiskers. A scared cat has wide, dilated pupils, slightly flattened ears and backward-facing whiskers.

• Body If a cat’s body is relaxed and facing towards you they are generally content. An arched back is a sign of anger or aggression if they feel threatened and if they crouch or curl their body up into a ball it’s a sign of stress or fear.

• Tail A high tail tends to mean a happy cat unless their heckles are raised at the same time. A downward pointing tail or tucked tail signal fear or anxiety and if you want to know why cats wag their tails this could be that they’re unhappy, annoyed or in pain.

While this is a general guide, it’s important to watch your cat’s body language in context of the situation they’re in. A cat may have wide eyes when scared, but also when attentive for example.

Behavior

• Knocking things over As natural hunters your cat will like to investigate, but they also like to play. When they knock things over they could just be having fun or looking for attention. Try to make sure your cat has enough interactive toys and is getting enough physical and mental stimulation.

• Scratching furniture Scratching is another instinctive behavior for cats. They need to scratch to mark their territory and sharpen their claws. Make sure you provide your cat with scratching posts to stop them destroying your furniture.

• Licking Cats lick themselves as a form of grooming, but when they lick you it’s a sign of affection. Just like their mother grooms them when they’re young, this is how they form a bond with you. If you’re curious why your cat licks their lips, a vet gives seven reasons why in this feature.

• Sitting in tight spaces Have you ever wondered why your cat has squeezed itself into that shoebox? Cats like fitting into small spaces as it makes them feel warm, safe and secure. It seems odd, but actually it’s quite logical.

• Drinking from the faucet Cats are wild animals and as such they seek running water such as a stream. This is why they may choose to drink water from a running faucet instead of from their water bowl. If they do this try changing their bowl in case they don’t like how it feels on their whiskers or move it to a position where they may feel less vulnerable.

• Zoomies – Wondering what to do if your cat has the zoomies? This is when your cat zooms around the house in a hyperactive way. It’s simply them getting rid of excess energy. Try ensure they have enough toys spread across the house and feed them their biggest meal at night so they’re not too full and lazing around all day.

How to tell if your cat is happy or not 

Want to know if your cat is happy or not? You may know why your cat likes high places and what the best cat treats are to spoil your kitty, but are they content? Learn to read their mood and emotions by understanding their body language:

• Happy A happy cat is a relaxed cat. An upright tail with a slight c-curve at the tip is just one sign of a happy cat. They will generally have soft eyes (not wide open) and if they’re happy in your company they’ll stare at you and blink slowly to show they’re comfortable. They may also roll over, expose their belly and purr at you.

• Scared If your cat is afraid they may crouch down, tail tucked in with their ears flat back or run away and hide. They may also stand with their back arched and hair raised hissing or growling with wide, dilated pupils.

• Stressed If your cat is stressed they may be restless causing them to bite or scratch around the house or to over-groom themselves. They may crouch low to the ground with their tail low or tucked in or they may even hide.

• Angry If a cat feels threatened it will arch its back and its body will stiffen. Its ears will be pulled back, pupils will be constricted, whiskers pointing forward and teeth bared when it’s angry. Other signs of anger or annoyance include a wagging or thumping tail and growls or hisses.

How can you tell if your cat loves you? 

You’ve learnt your cat’s likes and dislikes and you’re doing everything you can to ensure they’re healthy, safe and happy. You love them unconditionally. But is the feeling mutual? Find out how to know if your cat loves you with these 10 signs:

• Grooming Cats lick each other to bond with each other, but also to spread their scent and establish their group so when your cat licks you they’re telling you you’re their family. If they treat you like you’re a cat, that’s a sure sign of love.

• Biting Don’t be mad if you cat nips at your fingers. This can be a sign of affection. Cats will bite each other when they playing and this is the same with humans. However, biting can also mean your cat wants you to stop petting them, that they want attention or that they’re teething. You’ll need to learn to read the situation.

• Blinking Generally cats don’t like direct eye contact as it makes them feel threatened so if they stare at you and blink slowly it’s a sign that they’re comfortable with you.

• Headbutting Cats headbutt each other to mark their territory and spread their scent so when they headbutt you or rub themselves up against you they’re marking you as someone who they trust and feel safe with.

• Kneading If you want to know why your cat kneads you, it’s a sign of affection. When they are young, kittens knead their mother’s stomach to stimulate milk production. When your cat kneads your lap they are showing you the same bond they have with their mother.

• Gifting presents You may not be too pleased when your cat brings you a dead mouse or bird, but they’re actually trying to do something nice for you by bringing you a gift.

• Following you around If your cat loves even if they’re not affectionate they’ll want to be near you. They will follow you around if they want company, attention or someone to play with. Just remember it may be something else so make sure you watch their body language as they could be trying to tell you something like they’re ill or suffering from separation anxiety.

• Showing their belly A cat’s belly is a vulnerable spot so if they lie on the floor or roll over to show you their stomach they’re showing you their vulnerable side. This is a sign that they trust and love you. It may also mean they want to play.

• Sleeping on you Sleeping is another vulnerable state. If your cat likes to sleep on your lap or in your bed with you, they feel safe and protected with you.

• Purring and curved tail If your cat’s body language and vocalizations suggest a happy cat, they probably love the company they’re in. A purring cat is generally content, but be careful not to confuse it with nerves if their ears are folded back. And a tail up in the air with a slight curve is friendly and playful.

How to tell if a cat is in pain  

It’s important to understand when your cat needs to go to the vet. These are all signs your cat may be in pain:

• Change in appetite If you cat has lost their appetite and doesn’t seem interested in their food their teeth could be hurting them.

• Loss of energy and changes in movement If they’re not as active as usual and is moving differently, for example, if they’re limping or if they don’t want to sit on your lap and be touched, this could be because they’re suffering.

• Body language If you cat is showing tension in their body, if they’re crouching or lowering their head this could be a sign that they’re in pain. They may also close or squint their eyes and flatten their ears.

• Change in sleep habits Pain may cause insomnia in cats if they can’t sleep because of what’s ailing them.

• Change in grooming habits If your cat is in pain they may stop grooming themselves to avoid changing positions and aggravating the sore spot.

• Change in mood Your cat may become irritable if they’re distressed, which could lead to vocalizations such as urgent meowing, hissing or growling.

• Change in behavior Just like humans, when cats are in pain they may become withdrawn and lose interest in things as they try to cope with the pain.

• Litterbox accidents If your cat is in pain they may find it difficult to get in and out of their litterbox or to squat so there may be accidents when they need the toilet.

Want more cat body language content? Check out this vet nurse’s guide that answers, ‘Why does my cat drool when I pet him?’ You might also be questioning, ‘Why is my cat shaking?’ For the answer, take a look at our vet’s guide. Or, learn all about weird cat behaviors, like why cats play with their tails.

If you struggle to understand cat communication, rest assured you’re not alone. Regarded for centuries as mysterious and solitary, we humans often find it challenging to decipher the many verbal and non-verbal messages our feline friend’s send out.

From visual signaling to an impressive array of sounds, cats communicate in a variety of different ways. If you’ve ever wondered ‘why do cats purr?’, learning how to interpret these complex communication combinations will provide you with the answers you’ve been looking for.

Understanding cat communication can also help you recognise the signs of a happy cat and strengthen your relationship with your kitty. Plus, once you realize that our feline friends express themselves differently, you’ll come to appreciate that there are lots of strange things cats do that are actually quite normal.

So, without further ado, here’s everything you need to know about cat communication so that you can become a master at translating what it is your beloved bundle of fluff is trying to tell you.

Explaining cat communication

1. I’m not always happy when I purr

You've definitely smiled your way through an uncomfortable social situation, right? Chances are you were more anxious than happy in that moment. It turns out, our little feline friends adopt the same approach - they use purring to help comfort themselves.

While cats often purr when they’re feeling relaxed and content, occasionally a cat may also purr when they’re feeling nervous or agitated. Just like a child can use thumb sucking as a way to soothe themselves, your cat may use their purr as a comfort mechanism.

So how do you know if your cat is purring because they’re happy or stressed? The key lies in the body language. The hallmark sign of a worry-purr is a tense body with the ears back. And purring can also increase with illness, so keep an eye out for any unusual behavior, such as mobility issues and changes in food intake and energy levels. Schedule a visit with your vet if you're concerned.

2. I lick you because I love you

Your cat doesn’t see you as a human - in fact, your furbaby just thinks you're a large, hairless version of themselves, so they'll treat you the same as they would treat any other cat. Welcome to the feline family.

According to anthrozoologist Dr. John Bradshaw, author of the book 'Cat Sense', unlike dogs, who know humans are different and adapt their social behavior to match, cats show no such differentiation.

“Cats behave towards us in a way that’s indistinguishable from how they would act towards other cats,” says Bradshaw, “Putting their tails up in the air, rubbing around our legs, and sitting beside us and grooming us are exactly what cats do to each other.”

Next time your kitty drops a dead mouse at your feet or wants to lick you all over, take it as a compliment. While they may not be as expressive as dogs, Bradshaw’s research has shown that cats love their owners just as much.

3. If I meow, I want your attention

If a cat is meowing, it's almost exclusively to get the attention of humans. Believe it or not, while kittens meow to communicate with their mothers, adult cats rarely meow at other cats. That means when your cat meows, it wants to communicate specifically with you. These are some of the more common reasons why:

• To greet you: Cats love to say hello and to respond when you speak to them.
• As a way of getting attention: When they want to play or be stroked, a cat will meow to get noticed.
• To ask for food: Cats are masters at using the meow to get you to feed them their favorite wet or dry cat food, even when they’re not hungry.
• Because they want to be let in or out.
• If they have a cognitive impairment: Elderly cats are prone to meowing a lot if they’re suffering from the feline version of Alzheimer’s Disease, which causes mental confusion.

Whatever the reason, while meowing can sometimes be irritating, don’t ignore it unless you know for sure that your cat is being a diva and trying to get you to do something they want. In most cases, excessive meowing is your cat's way of trying to alert you to the fact they need the toilet, have an empty water or food bowl, or have been accidentally locked in a closet.

4. My tail will tell you a lot

Your cat's tail is a great indicator of what kind of mood they’re in, so observing their tail talk can help you to understand them better.

According to Bradshaw, “An upright tail is a greeting sign between cats and is probably the clearest way cats show their affection for us”. If your cat's tail is high in the air, that’s a good sign they’re feeling confident and content, while a tail curved like a question mark is an indicator your cat is in a playful mood and ready to have some fun. A swishing tail is a common sight when they’re playing with cat toys and shows intense concentration.

And what if your cat’s tail is hanging low? That’s usually a sign of aggression, and you’ll often see this when your cat encounters another cat in its territory. If they puff up their tail, that’s an attempt to make themselves look bigger to ward off danger.

While the tales your cat's tail tells are generally similar for most cats, it’s worth noting that some breeds, like Persians and Scottish Folds, naturally carry their tails low regardless of what mood they’re in.

5. I’m not trying to ruin your stuff, I just need to scratch

Your cat doesn't want to destroy your furniture, we promise. Cats have a primal, instinctual urge to scratch, and while you can train them to scratch in a certain spot, you can’t train them to stop scratching.

Cats scratch for a variety of reasons, including to relieve anxiety, as a way of stretching and strengthening their muscles, to trim their nails, and to mark their territory.

The couch tends to be a popular scratching spot as cats tend to like to scratch places where their owners sit as a way of letting other cats know this territory is theirs.

The best way to get your cat to stop scratching your furniture is to invest in one of the best cat scratching posts. Choose a scratcher made of a similar material to what your kitty likes to scratch and sprinkle it with catnip to lure them in.

You might also like to read: Do cats think humans are cats? and Can a cat laugh? Or, discover the signs your cat loves you and why your cat plays with their tail.