When you’re watching your cat play with some catnip you sprinkled on the floor, it’s pretty common to wonder, "does catnip get cats high?”. After all, the way cats roll around and act silly looks just like it – but is that how catnip works?

When I was a veterinary student, I fostered cats for a local charity. It was a great way to gain experience with my feline patients and I learned loads about their quirks. I especially loved trying them with catnip – although, disappointingly, half of my charges didn’t react to it, even with the best catnip toys.

After graduating as a vet, I even worked in feline-only practice for a time – I truly appreciate cats and their quirks, both medical and behavioral. So, you can imagine I was all too excited to write this article about catnip!

Does catnip get cats high?

The million-dollar question – is catnip a drug for cats? Does it get them high? Well, let’s first define a ‘high’. For the purposes of this article, we’ll say it’s a feeling of extreme wellbeing and happiness – a ‘euphoric’ reaction.

In this case, I think we can safely say catnip gets cats high. After all, their reaction is definitely euphoric, with initial excitement and hyperactivity followed by a relaxed and happy state.

Some people associate a ‘high’ from drugs with hallucinations, but there’s no evidence that cats have this reaction. And, unlike drug highs in humans, a catnip high for cats doesn’t seem to have negative impacts.

In fact, when cats smell catnip it releases a lot of endorphins – it’s quite similar to the ‘natural high’ humans get from exercise. It’s thought that cats have evolved this reaction because the endorphin release causes behaviors like rolling, which increases the contact of the cat with the catnip, improving their protection against mosquitoes and other insects.

The endorphins released when cats sniff catnip work on the opioid receptors. ‘Opioids?’ I hear you say – yes, these are the same receptors that opioids like morphine and heroin act on, which definitely adds weight to the idea that catnip gives cats a high!

What is a catnip ‘high’ like for cats?

When cats smell catnip, their body reacts to a natural compound in the plant called nepetalactone by releasing lots of endorphins. These endorphins act on opioid receptors in the body, causing feelings of pleasure and relaxation.

Not all cats respond to catnip (studies show that about one in three don’t!) but for those that do, the response is very fast. Cats initially sniff and chew the leaves, then become excited within seconds, rolling in the scent and sometimes running about from room to room.

The effect wears off after about 10 minutes. The cat won’t then respond to catnip for a couple of hours, but during this time they may be sleepier than usual.

Can cats overdose on catnip?

The good news for our catnip-crazy felines is that it isn’t possible for cats to overdose on the smell of catnip. Once the initial excitement has worn off, the cat becomes uninterested in the catnip for a couple of hours.

Even if they were to then sniff the catnip and have another high, there is no harm in this – it’s all natural and caused by their endorphins.

That said, catnip can be bad for cats if they eat too much of it, so if your cat tries to eat catnip as part of their reaction you may have to prevent them from eating it. It’s not toxic as such, but it can cause an upset stomach if they eat a lot.

Can cats get addicted to catnip?

One of the major concerns with human opioids and human highs is over-reliance and addiction. Since the last thing we want is a crazy catnip-addicted moggy, it’s worth exploring whether cats can get addicted to catnip.

Luckily, there’s no evidence that this is the case. Even cats who are used to regular catnip highs don’t seem to have withdrawal symptoms when it’s removed, and because it uses natural endorphins, it’s less likely that any sort of addiction could be created.

That said, some humans get addicted to the natural endorphins from exercise, so it’s possible that some cats would miss the catnip reaction and come to crave it, it’s just that we don’t recognize these behaviors as addiction.

How does catnip compare to a human high?

When humans seek a ‘high’, they’re wanting to experience intense feelings of pleasure and relaxation, sometimes alongside ‘out of body’ experiences and hallucinations.

They seek the drugs most likely to give them this feeling. Since the feeling is very pleasurable, it becomes something people want more of and, for some drugs, their body becomes used to the drug, meaning they need to take more and more often to get the same effect.

Catnip isn’t like that. Firstly, as far as we know, cats don’t crave catnip or don’t go looking for catnip as a way to get high. They probably aren’t thinking “I fancy a high, where’s my catnip?” – it’s a more natural, instinctive reaction than that. The smell of catnip sets off a chain reaction – not dissimilar to the way the smell of your favorite food might cause you to salivate.

Secondly, cats don’t usually become immune to catnip or seek it out in greater and greater amounts. If a cat reacts to catnip, they usually react to it for the rest of their lives (bar the couple of hours after the excitement phase, where they seem to have no interest in it).

Catnip does become less potent over time though, so if your cat seems to be becoming immune to their catnip, try buying some new catnip.

Lastly, there’s no evidence that cats have hallucinations or out-of-body experiences while on catnip. Although some pet parents report that cats run from room to room and assume this is hallucinations, it might just be a way of cats burning off extra energy and excitement.

In my opinion, the answer to “does catnip get cats high?” is yes, but it depends on how you define a high. Since my definition is “feelings of intense pleasure and relaxation”, and this seems to be what cats feel when they sniff catnip, I think cats do get a ‘high’ from catnip.

That said, it’s important to remember that this is a ‘natural high’ stimulated by the cat’s own endorphins. The good news is that there doesn’t appear to be anything harmful or addictive about catnip, so you can safely let your cat play with their favorite catnip (or silvervine!) toys.

Read next: What does catnip do to cats? or Can kittens have catnip? or Can cats eat catnip?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Valerian for cats has recently gained popularity as a potential alternative to catnip, but just how effective is it, and is it safe for your feline friend? If your cat doesn’t respond to catnip, you might be wondering if valerian could be a suitable option to use.

As a vet with over 13 years of experience working with cats, I’ve seen first-hand how different cat attractants affect feline behavior. While catnip is the most well-known stimulant, valerian offers a unique alternative that can provide similar effects. Some cats love it, while others may have a different reaction.

If you’re looking for a fun way to engage your feline with the best cat toys, valerian-infused products could be a great option. You can also explore some of the best catnip toys too.

In this feature, I’ll explain everything you need to know about valerian, how cats react to it, and whether it’s a safe and beneficial choice for your pet.

What is valerian?

Valerian (valeriana officinalis) is a flowering plant known for its strong, distinctive scent and its calming effects in humans. It is native to parts of Asia and Europe. While it is commonly used as a natural sleep aid for humans, it has a different effect on cats.

Valerian contains an active compound called actinidine. This compound stimulates cats and triggers a euphoric response similar to catnip. After sniffing valerian, cats will often start rolling around, rubbing themselves on things, purring loudly, and becoming very playful!

Cats can experience valerian in various forms, including:

• Dried valerian root: Often used as a stuffing for cat toys.
• Valerian-infused sprays: Can be applied to scratching posts or bedding.
• Valerian powder: Sprinkled onto toys or surfaces to encourage play.

How do cats react to valerian?

Cats react to valerian in a way that is similar to catnip, but the effects can vary. The active ingredient, actinidine, acts as a stimulant in some cats, common responses include:

• Increased energy and playful behavior
• Drooling/hypersalivation
• Rolling, rubbing, and purring
• Temporary euphoria or excitement
• Some cats may become overly excited or aggressive

Pros of using valerian for cats:

1. It can act as a natural stimulant
Very similar to catnip, valerian contains compounds that can trigger playful and energetic behavior in cats. This makes it a good enrichment tool, especially for cats that don’t respond to catnip.

2. It may help to reduce stress and anxiety
While valerian initially stimulates many cats, it later has a calming effect, which may help with stress-related behaviors such as excessive grooming, hiding, or aggression.

3. It can be useful for encouraging healthy exercise and play
Some cats become more active after exposure to valerian, making it a helpful way to encourage play in less active or overweight felines.

4. It may act as a potential sleep aid for restless cats
The sedative properties of valerian may help some cats settle down, particularly those prone to nighttime hyperactivity.

5. It may act as a natural alternative to synthetic calming aids
Valerian is a plant-based option for cat owners looking to avoid synthetic calming sprays or medications.

Cons of using valerian for cats

1. Not all cats respond to it
Just like catnip, some cats are indifferent to valerian and may show no reaction at all.

2. It can cause overstimulation which may lead to hyperactivity
While valerian has a calming effect on some cats, it can make others overly excited or agitated. This can result in excessive unwanted bursts of energy or even aggression.

3. It has a very strong odor
Valerian has a pungent, earthy smell that some people may find unpleasant. If used in toys or sprays, the scent may linger in your home.

4. It may cause digestive upset
If a cat ingests large amounts of valerian root, it may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea.

5. It is not suitable for all cats
Valerian may not be ideal for cats with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or kidney issues. Always check with a vet before introducing valerian to a cat with health issues.

6. It can be unpredictable
Unlike catnip, which typically stimulates cats for a few minutes before they become calm, valerian can have a more prolonged or unpredictable effect.

Is valerian safe for cats?

Yes, valerian is generally safe for cats when used in moderation. However, there are a few things to keep in mind:

1. Always use it in small amounts: Too much valerian can cause your cat mild digestive upset.

2. Always supervise your cat: As mentioned above, some cats can become overly excited or slightly aggressive when exposed to valerian.

3. Avoid valerian supplements for humans: These may contain additional ingredients that aren’t safe for cats.

The safest way to introduce valerian is through cat-specific products, such as valerian-filled toys or powders designed specifically for feline use. If your cat has any pre-existing health conditions, consult your vet before using valerian for the first time.

Does valerian affect all cats?

No, not all cats react to valerian. Just like catnip, the response to valerian is controlled by genetics. The BMC Vet Research Journal suggests that around 50-70% of cats have a sensitivity to catnip, and a similar percentage may respond to valerian.

Kittens under six months old and senior cats are less likely to react, as the sensitivity to valerian (and other cat attractants) is linked to a cat’s genetic makeup and age.

If your cat doesn’t respond to valerian, you might want to try other alternatives like silver vine or Tatarian honeysuckle, both of which have been shown to stimulate cats that don’t react to catnip.

Is valerian stronger than catnip?

Valerian and catnip both have stimulating effects on cats, but valerian is often considered stronger and longer-lasting than catnip. It can be difficult to gauge as the reaction varies between individual cats. Some may respond more intensely to valerian, while others prefer catnip.

Here are the key differences:

• Active compounds: Catnip’s nepetalactone triggers a brief euphoric reaction by stimulating sensory neurons. Valerian contains actinidine and valerenic acid, which can either energize or relax cats.
• Effects on cats: Catnip typically causes playful rolling and rubbing for five to 15 minutes before fading. Valerian’s effects last longer and vary – some cats become hyperactive, while others relax.
• Sensitivity: About 50–75% of cats react to catnip, while valerian affects a different group, including some that don’t respond to catnip.

Alternatives to valerian

Silver Vine (Actinidia polygama) is considered even stronger than both catnip and valerian. It contains multiple active compounds, including actinidine and dihydroactinidiolide, making it effective for up to 80% of cats, including many that do not respond to catnip.

Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) also has effects similar to those of silver vine, but fewer studies exist on its efficacy. Most vets recommend silver vine because it is generally reported to affect the highest percentage of cats. It tends to produce a more consistent, balanced response.

Valerian can be a great alternative to catnip for cats that respond to it, offering similar stimulating and playful effects. While not all cats react to valerian, those that do may experience a euphoric, energetic response followed by relaxation. Understanding these herbs and how they work can enable cat owners to choose the best option for their furry friend.

Read now: What catnip does to cats and is catnip bad for cats?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in April 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Can cats eat catnip? Given how much some of our feline friends love this green stuff, it's a question you may well be asking if you have a kitty companion in the family.

The good news is, catnip is perfectly safe for your cat, so if they accidentally consume a small quantity – or deliberately enjoy nibbling on it as a tasty treat – it won't do them any harm.

Most cats prefer getting the euphoria hit that catnip offers through playing with the best catnip toys, but for some cats, eating it produces a calming effect similar to chamomile.

According to expert vet, Dr Rebecca MacMillan, eating large volumes of catnip may cause mild digestive disturbances, but because it's non-toxic it won't do any further harm. Below, she explains whether it's okay to feed your kitty catnip and what to do if it causes problems.

Can cats eat catnip?

Is catnip bad for cats? Not at all. For many felines, it provides a wonderfully pleasurable experience but you may be wondering whether your cat can eat it or if they should stick to simply playing with catnip-filled toys.

"It is safe for cats to eat catnip in small amounts," says Dr. MacMillan. “As with all things though, it is best not to allow them to overindulge. Catnip should only be offered in moderate amounts as an occasional treat.

“Some cats enjoy eating fresh catnip leaves whereas others will nibble at dried catnip. Equally, some cats will have no interest in eating it at all and simply enjoy smelling it."

For these reasons, it's best to stick to feeding your cat the best cat food and only offer them small amounts of catnip now and again if they seem to enjoy it.

What happens if a cat eats catnip?

Many pet parents wonder what catnip does to cats and the truth is that the effects can vary from cat to cat. Some will become super playful, others will get completely blissed-out, happy and affectionate, and a small number of cats may become aggressive.

"If eaten in small amounts you shouldn’t notice any more than catnip’s normal euphoric effects," Dr. MacMillan explains.

"However, if your cat eats large amounts of plant material then it could lead to digestive issues such as vomiting or diarrhea. Catnip is not toxic if consumed, but it can cause mild irritation to your cat’s stomach. Always speak to your vet if you have any concerns about your cat."

The good news is that whatever mental or physical changes catnip brings about in your cat won't last. Most cats will sleep off the effects of catnip very quickly and be absolutely fine when they wake up.

Are cats supposed to eat catnip or just smell it?

Your feline friend may choose to eat catnip for a variety of reasons. For some cats, nibbling on this green grass provides them with a source of enrichment and they simply find it a fun thing to do. For others, they may eat it as a way to help reduce anxiety and help themselves to feel calmer.

However, according to Dr. MacMillan, most cats don't choose to eat catnip.

"Cats generally just enjoy the smell of catnip and enjoy rolling on it and rubbing against it," she explains. "So, I usually suggest that owners just use catnip in their pet’s toys or play areas, rather than trying to feed it to them in a meal."

Why does my cat throw up after eating catnip?

Thankfully, most of the time, your kitty experiencing an upset stomach after ingesting catnip is typically nothing to worry about.

"If small amounts of catnip are eaten, then there are usually no symptoms," says Dr. MacMillan. "However, cats aren’t designed to eat large amounts of plant material so too much catnip could cause them to vomit. Cats that have overindulged might also experience diarrhea, as well as the usual short-lived mood-enhancing properties of the plant.

"If your cat is experiencing severe gastrointestinal symptoms or behavioral changes then always consult your vet for advice, in case there is something else going on."

Read next: Can kittens have catnip? and What is silver vine? Or, learn if catnip gets cats high and about valerian for cats.

Edited by Megan Milstead.

If you've ever questioned, “What is silver vine?”, then you're not alone. Although most people have heard of catnip, it actually only affects two in three cats. This means some kitties don’t seem to get the same reaction from smelling catnip or playing with the best catnip toys. So, could silver vine be a good alternative?

I’ve been a vet for eight years, and I’ve fostered many cats in my time. Most of them responded to catnip, but it’s always a bit disappointing when they don’t.

Although silvervine has been used in cats for decades, it has only recently become more widespread – probably thanks to the internet! In fact, it’s so popular now that there are even studies investigating its use.

Below, I've explained what silvervine is, how it’s used, and whether it’s safe for cats to use.

What is silver vine?

Silver vine (Actinidia polygama) is a fast-growing climbing plant that’s related to kiwi fruit. It grows in mountainous areas of Asia, particularly Korea, Japan, and China.

In traditional Chinese medicine, silver vine has many uses and is also called matatabi, but it’s also known as cat powder because of its effect on cats. This was first documented in 1906, when the silver vine plant was imported to Harvard Arboretum and the observed effect on local cats was published in the journal Science.

Silver vine is more popular than catnip in Japan, where cat owners have probably been using it for its euphoric effect for centuries! Don’t be surprised if you haven’t heard of it before though – most Australian and US vets haven’t either! In fact, it’s only because I spend so much of my time writing and researching that I’ve come across it – it’s very new to the Western world!

What does silver vine do to cats?

Like catnip, the smell of silver vine can make cats react strangely, causing them to roll and rub their cheeks and faces. While we don’t know exactly why, it’s thought that natural plant chemicals related to nepetalactone (the compound in catnip) are the cause.

Since these chemicals are natural insect repellents, cats may have evolved to behave like this around silver vine because the behavior spreads the chemicals on their fur, helping them prevent mosquito bites. Another possibility is that these chemicals mimic scents used by cats to communicate.

Silver vine and catnip are good enrichment for cats – they improve a cat’s welfare by providing them with a different scent that they seem to enjoy. When cats respond to these smells, they can cause an increase in positive behaviors like cat play.

Which cats is silvervine good for?

There’s no information about which cats are more likely to react to silvervine – they seem to react equally whether they’re male or female, young or old.

Most cats do respond to it, especially if they don’t respond to catnip, so why not give it a go? If your cat doesn’t respond to silver vine or catnip, you might want to give up. While there’s a small chance they’ll respond to Tatarian honeysuckle or valerian root, only 3% of cats that didn’t respond to catnip or silvervine did respond to one of these two (according to this study).

Is silver vine stronger than catnip?

While catnip only produces one iridoid compound at a high level, silver vine produces several related compounds, especially when the leaves are damaged. This combined smell seems to be more exciting to cats, and cats respond more strongly to silver vine than catnip in this study.

Another study also found that cats responded more intensely to silver vine. In this study, they tested 100 cats to see which of four plants they responded to best. They found that eight in 10 cats responded to silver vine, while only seven out of 10 responded to catnip.

The study also found that the response to silver vine was more intense. In addition, of the three in 10 cats that didn’t respond to catnip, 70% responded to silver vine, meaning silver vine is a good option for cats that don’t respond to catnip. You might also want to read our feature that answers, 'What does catnip do to cats?'

What about types of silver vine?

The type of silvervine used seems to make a difference. One very small study suggests cats do respond to dried fruits, but only if the fruit was infected with a parasitic insect causing a ‘gall’.

These silver vine fruit galls can make good natural cat toys when dried. Silver vine sticks are less likely to cause the ‘catnip effect’, causing only one in five to respond in the study, likely because they have lower amounts of the necessary chemicals.

The leaves seem to work well, regardless of whether the plant had been grown in Asia (and therefore likely attacked by the parasitic midge) or in the USA.

Is silver vine safe for cats?

Like catnip, silver vine appears to be safe for cats. They don’t get addicted, and continuous use didn’t cause stress changes in the blood, or kidney or liver injury in this study.

While the study population was small, they checked cats over a three-year period and didn’t identify any causes for concern. We also know that silver vine has been used in Japan for a long time and if its use caused problems, we would expect to see higher rates of diseases there.

You might be questioning: Does catnip get cats high? and can cats eat catnip? Or, find out the answer to, is catnip bad for cats? and Can kittens have catnip? For more catnip alternatives, learn about valerian for cats.

There’s nothing funnier than watching your cat rolling around and being loopy, and using the best catnip toys provides your feline friend with a whole lot of entertainment. In fact, if you've ever found yourself asking the question 'what does catnip do to cats?', simply observing them after you've dished some up will give you a pretty good idea!

A herb from the mint family, catnip contains an ingredient known as nepetalactone, which can act as both a stimulant and a sedative for cats. This unusual reaction isn’t recorded in any other species — but cats are just crazy about it!

It gets even better though, because not only can you sprinkle some catnip near your cat to give them a bit of fun, it can also be used in several different ways as all the best cat treats can be, and with unique benefits.

This special plant doesn’t tend to have an effect on kittens, and some cats are entirely indifferent to it. For those that react to it though, catnip can be used in a variety of ways to support your cat’s wellbeing and enrichment. Let’s take a look at six creative uses for catnip — number four might surprise you!

1. Introducing new things 

The term ‘scaredy cat’ exists for a reason — cats are known to be nervous about new things, places, and experiences. If you’re struggling to acclimate your four-legged friend to something new, you can use catnip to make introductions run smoother.

Whether you’re introducing another cat, person, or object into your cat’s space, simply sprinkle or spray catnip on the object, or around where the new animal or human will be. As a relaxing substance for your kitty, the catnip will keep them calm while they get used to something new. Using catnip in this manner encourages play with their new friend or thing which creates and reinforces positive associations.

2. Feline tea party 

The thought of your cat drinking a nice cup of tea might sound a bit unusual, but brewing some catnip tea for your moggy is a surefire tactic to keep them happy and hydrated.

Catnip tea is a refreshing treat for your pet (and humans can drink it too — so you might consider pulling up a chair and enjoying a relaxing tea break together!) Any tea connoisseur will tell you that nothing beats a fresh brew, so why not treat your cat to that experience? As well as providing your cat with a fun new way to enjoy their favorite treat, catnip tea has the added benefit of making some cats more interested in their water.

This can be a helpful way of avoiding dehydration in cats by encouraging your feline friend to drink more, particularly in the summer months when the weather is warmer and fluid requirements are higher. You can use either fresh leaves or dried catnip, and steep the herb in hot water. This should then be left to cool down, you don’t want to scald your furry friend.

3. Tips for training 

It’s no secret that cats are harder to train than dogs, but if you are experiencing behavioral issues with your cat, catnip can be a useful tool to redirect unwanted behaviors and calm feline anxiety.

One such use for this is scenting your cat’s scratching post to encourage them to use it, instead of scratching at your furniture. “While we’re all familiar with cats rolling around with catnip toys, there are some other ways in which it can be helpful,” Nicky Trevorrow, renowned UK-based cat behaviorist explained.

“Firstly, it can be useful when trying to encourage a cat to use a scratch post. For this, I prefer to use leaves from the cat mint plant (Nepeta cataria) as it’s easier to use on the post. Simply break apart a couple of the leaves to release the scent and carefully rub it on the post.”

Nicky stressed the importance of consulting a behaviorist for continuing behavior issues, “It can also be a good stress reliever so may be part of a behavioral modification programme for cats with behavioral issues. In this instance, it should be used following the advice of a qualified behaviorist, as it may not be suitable for some cats or circumstances.”

4. Ward off bug bites 

With summer rapidly approaching, you’re probably bracing yourself for the onslaught of mosquitos, ticks and gnats that comes along with the warmer weather. As most cat owners know, it’s not just humans who have to deal with this. Cats, especially outdoor cats, are also susceptible to insect bites and are particularly prone to being bitten by ticks as they lounge in long grass, squeeze under hedges, and weave through farmer’s fields. Tick bites are uncomfortable for your pet and irritating to remove, but difficult to avoid.

This is one of the lesser known benefits of catnip, it acts as an insect repellent. That’s right, this infamous herb doesn’t just make your cat go crazy — it also helps to protect them from bug bites! Catnip has been used as a natural insect repellent for centuries, though with the many options available to us now, not many people realize how effective it can be.

To keep those pesky insects away, plant some catnip in your garden. You could place a few pots of catnip around your house and outdoor area, giving your cat plenty of opportunity to interact with it and reap the insect-repelling benefits. A recent study in Cell Press revealed that when cats chew or damage the plant, it releases a greater amount of the repellent, so using fresh catnip is the best way to keep mosquitos and ticks at bay.

However, while catnip can be effective as an insect repellant we always recommend protecting your kitty against pesky parasites by regularly using one of the best flea treatments for cats.

5. Get cooking

We usually think of giving our cats catnip on its own in either a dried or fresh form, but there are plenty of cool recipes that you can whip up for your feline family member involving catnip that add a little extra excitement to the experience.

Though treats should be given in moderation, some homemade biscuit treats, like these tasty carrot and catnip ones from our DIY cat treats guide, are a creative way for your cat to enjoy the plant. When ingested instead of sniffed, catnip can have a sedative effect. A delicious catnip treat can work wonders on a stressed-out moggy.

6. Easy travels

If your cat is anything like mine, car journeys are a decidedly not fun experience. From a short trip to the vet to a cross-country move, not many cats enjoy being in the car. To make the journey a little more bearable for your cat, consider using catnip spray or sprinkling catnip in their carrier to put them at ease, and provide a fun distraction from the unfamiliar space.

We’ll leave you with a great piece of advice from Nicky, “Catnip only seems to affect about 70-80% of cats, so it’s first worth finding out if your cat is a responder. Always use good quality, organic catnip that’s been grown without pesticides.”

You might also be wondering, 'What is silver vine?' or 'is catnip bad for cats?' If your cat doesn't like catnip, we recommend learning about valerian for cats.

What does catnip do to cats? This little green plant might look like an ordinary weed, but it can have a surprising effect on our furry friends, causing them to roll around, rub, vocalize more, and feel extra playful. It can even help soothe anxiety in cats!

The best catnip toys are a great way to level up your cat’s playtime, adding more excitement and fun into the mix – unless you have one of the few felines that don’t react to it. Whether you want to encourage cat play or promote relaxation, catnip offers plenty of benefits – but why?

To get to the bottom of this mystery, we called in Dr. Rebecca MacMillan to explain the real reason why cats react this way and whether it’s safe for them. She’s a vet with more than 16 years of expert experience working with cats and has answered your burning questions below.

What does catnip do to cats?

We all know what catnip does to cats, but maybe not so much about the mechanisms behind it. The secret ingredient that drives most cats wild is nepetalactone, which is an oil found in catnip leaves, and just the smell of it is enough to make your cat kick off. So why do cats go crazy for catnip?

If you've ever watched your cat having a really good sniff of something, such as messages from other cats sprayed around your garden, you may have noticed its mouth hanging open as it does so. And that's because it has an extra scent organ in the roof of its mouth: the vomeronasal gland. It's a special scent pathway that's a hotline directly to the brain, and it's mainly used for identifying pheromones from other cats.

Nepetalactone closely mimics feline sex hormones, and that's why the behavior of cats on catnip can look a lot like females in heat; some get really playful or sometimes aggressive, or become really happy or affectionate, or just completely relaxed. So, does catnip get cats high? In a way, yes; a chemical's acting on their little brains and temporarily modifying their behavior.

Dr. MacMillan says: "Cats love catnip because of its effects on them. It acts as a natural mood enhancer, making many cats feel euphoric, so it's no wonder they enjoy it! Studies suggest that catnip acts as an insect and mosquito repellent. Cats in the wild may have evolved to use it to protect themselves against parasites."

What is catnip?

Catnip – or nepeta cataria as it's known to botanists – is a member of the mint family that can be found growing wild across North America and Europe. It closely resembles a standard mint plant, but it'll stand out when in bloom thanks to its blue, white, pink or lavender flowers. It's really easy to grow at home (as long as your cat doesn't find and devour it), and when dried its leaves look a lot like oregano.

If you're confused about the difference between catnip and catmint, our catmint vs. catnip article can explain, but the main thing you need to know, as far as your moggy's concerned, is that catnip is The Good Stuff.

Benefits of catnip

Because catnip often has a stimulant effect on cats, it can be enormously beneficial; not just to your cat, but to you as well. We don't mean that you should try it yourself – it has little, if any effect on people – but it can be used as an effective cat training tool.

For example, if you've bought one of the best cat scratching posts but kitty still prefers to work out its claws on the furniture, rubbing some catnip into the scratching post can be just the thing to make it more attractive to your cat.

Beyond behavior adjustment, catnip's a great way to add a little enrichment to your cat's life. Playing with a catnip toy can give a more sedentary feline some much-needed exercise, and while in some cats you may find that catnip actually has a more sedative effect, this means you can use it to help calm kitty in stressful situations, such as trying to get a scared cat to the vet.

Dr. MacMillan says: "Catnip can be a great reward for cats. Many owners use it as a training tool or to encourage play. You can purchase catnip-filled toys or put some into existing toys to encourage your cat to be more active. Putting some catnip around a scratch post may mean your cat starts using it more, which can be particularly helpful if they have been scratching at your furniture!

For cats that are known to become sedate and chilled out on catnip, it can be a useful aid to help them relax on stressful car journeys. Just remember that 30% of cats will show no response to catnip at all, so just monitor your pet while trying it."

Risks of catnip

Is catnip bad for cats? In short, no. Hitting the catnip too hard can result in dizziness, vomiting or diarrhea, but while this can be worrying for you, your cat will likely sleep it off and be fine afterwards. And ultimately this situation's unlikely, for reasons we'll come to next.

Not all cats exhibit playful or chilled behavior when exposed to catnip; for some it's just too stimulating, and an over-stimulated cat is one that may suddenly turn on you with all of its sharp ends. You needn't worry about your cat overdosing on catnip, though; even if it decides to eat a whole load of it, the very worst that'll happen is an upset tummy.

Dr. MacMillan says: "There is no evidence that catnip is bad for cats. Its effects are short-lived and only seem to last up to half an hour. Overdosing is not reported, and it doesn’t appear to be addictive in cats. The only instance I can think of where it could be bad is if your cat becomes over-stimulated by it. This could lead to them biting, scratching, or causing damage to your possessions as they race around. As such, I would advise using catnip in small amounts, as an occasional treat, rather than all the time."

How long do catnip effects last?

The great thing about catnip is that, from a cat's perspective, it's entirely self-limiting. The effects of catnip kick in almost instantly and can last for 10 minutes or so; after that, though, the effect wears off and, crucially, for a good while afterwards (anything between half an hour and a few hours) your cat will be completely immune to its effects and utterly uninterested in the catnip it was so excited about a few minutes previously. Which is a relief; nobody should ever have to deal with an out-of-control feline on an unstoppable catnip bender.

Dr. MacMillan says: "The full effects of catnip may last up to 30 minutes, but for some cats, it only lasts five to 15 minutes before they calm down. Many owners then report a fatigue period following this initial hyperexcitation. This could last two to three hours, during which time your cat may become more sedate and sleepy.

"After this time its effects will have fully worn off and your cat will usually become receptive to catnip again. If your cat becomes chilled out and relaxed on catnip, this can be a helpful tool during stressful events like fireworks or a car journey. Just make sure you know how your cat reacts to catnip and practice a few times first before using it in this way."

How often should I give my cat catnip?

Thanks to the speed at which catnip wears off, resulting in your cat losing interest, you're not going to have to deal with a cat constantly demanding another hit on the 'nip. Ideally, though, you should use catnip just like any of the best cat treats: sparingly.

Dr. MacMillan says: " Technically there is no limit as to how often you can offer your cat catnip. It has not been shown to be addictive and there is no known toxic dose as cats don’t usually ingest it.

"However, some cats can become immune or desensitized to its effects after a while which means they won’t feel the benefit. It is best used as a treat or a training tool, rather than being freely available.

"Your cat will see it as a reward, as well as being able to make the most out of those feel-good endorphins. It’s also best used in small amounts at a time to stop some cats from becoming overstimulated by it."

Can kittens have catnip?

Can kittens have catnip? Dr. MacMillan says: "It is safe for cats of any age to have catnip, including kittens. Some owners may use it as a training tool for kittens to encourage them into a litter tray or to use a scratch post. It is also fine for cats with medical issues to have catnip. Any time you introduce something new to your pet, you should do so gradually.

"Offer small amounts at a time, to begin with, and monitor the effects on your cat closely. If your cat shows little or no signs of effect, you can increase the amount slightly next time. There’s a chance your already active kitten may become more boisterous in their play under the effects of catnip, which could lead to more scratching and biting. Just remember that effects vary considerably between individuals, and 30% will show no reaction at all."

To learn more, check out our guides that answer, 'What is silver vine?' and 'Can cats eat catnip?' Or, you might want to learn about valerian for cats.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The best catnip toys make playtime even more exciting for your feline and encourage them to stay active. While my cats love the best cat toys, there's something special (and hilarious) about their reaction to catnip, and I love seeing how happy it makes them.

However, there is one downside: my cats always seem to lose interest after a week or so, leaving me frustrated and wanting a refund. I was on the verge of giving up on catnip toys altogether until certified cat behaviorist Joey Lasvardi offered a helpful solution...

He says: 'Because the active chemicals in catnip naturally break down over time, the catnip in any toy won't last forever. A refillable toy is a great solution to this because you can just top up the catnip when it seems to lose its potency.'

After taking his advice, I searched high and low for the best refillable catnip toys and put them to the test on my three cats, Chilli, Nala, and Tofu, and found that the Catit Groovy Fish reigned supreme. The PetsRadar testing team also helped me on my quest – here are our top six picks:

The best catnip toys

Photos from testing

Videos from testing

Other catnip toys to consider

Chilli and Nala loved playing with Multipet's Lamb Chop Cat Wand and had a blast chasing it around the house. The wand is filled with little beads, which makes an attention-grabbing noise your cat won't be able to resist. The string is the perfect length, and the fluffy, catnip-filled lamb bounces playfully on the other end.

However, when Chilli was playing with it, he started sneezing, and I eventually realized that it was because the fur comes off when it's bitten. It's a real shame because this would have been the number one catnip toy, but it didn't pass our safety check.

My cats also loved Multipet's Mini Lambchop Toy which is pre-filled with catnip. However, since it's not refillable and the fluff came off easily again, I couldn't put it in the top six.

My cats also enjoyed playing with the Planet Pleasures Spiral Cylinder, which is durable, high-quality, and fun for chasing. However, since it's not refillable, it isn't one of the best catnip toys.

How we tested the best catnip toys

After selecting the best catnip toys on the market, we put them to the test with our team of kitties and critiqued them based on the following criteria:

Cat approval: We checked whether our cats had fun playing with the toys and how they reacted to the catnip. We're not interested in throwaway toys that our cats get bored of after one play, so we've been testing these toys for months to ensure they're long-lasting.

Durability and safety: We assessed whether the toys were safe and durable, looking for issues like loose threads and poor-quality fabric. Your cat's safety is our top priority, so if we felt a toy had any hazards, we removed it from the list.

Refillable: All of the toys in this guide are refillable with catnip, as recommended by cat behaviorist Joey Lasvardi. We explained how easy they were to top up and whether they came with catnip included.

Value for money: We included toys at various price points and evaluated whether they were worth the money based on the quality and how much our cats enjoyed them. No one wants to break the bank over a cat toy, so we're happy to say that everything in this guide costs under $20.

If you want to learn more, read our dedicated page on how we test.

Meet our review panel

How to choose the best catnip toys

These are some of the catnip toys we think are best overall, but you know what your cat enjoys and how it plays. When trying to decide which product to buy, the most important factors are safety, size, and style of play.

Use your knowledge of your cat’s behavior to inform your choice. If you know your cat chews toys, choose one with a simple shape and no small attachments that could come off in their mouth. If your cat rarely picks up a toy to play with on their own, go for one of the best interactive cat toys you can enjoy together.

Once your new catnip toy has arrived, there are a couple of things to keep in mind. First, check the packaging for washing instructions – toys with catnip in their filling are often unsuitable for machine washing and should be washed with a damp cloth to keep them potent and hygienic.

Second, be aware that cats will develop a tolerance to catnip if they’re regularly exposed to it for six months or so. If you can throw the toy away from your cat, putting it away when playtime is over will help them enjoy the effects for much longer.

Dr. Godfrey says: "You can choose a toy already containing catnip, or add your own catnip to a toy. However, it’s important to know for sure that it’s catnip you’re adding – never give your cat an unidentified substance. The same rules apply to cat toy safety, whether or not the toy contains catnip.

"There should be no small parts or sharp edges and the toy should be robust and not easily breakable. Avoid materials like wood that could splinter and fabric which could unravel and cause health problems if swallowed."

Still feeling undecided? Here's what I recommend for each type of cat:

Are catnip toys good for cats?

Is catnip bad for cats? No, catnip toys are safe for your cat to play with and can help encourage play, burn energy, and fight boredom, according to Dr. Godfrey.

She says: "Where a soft mouse toy might fail to keep your cat’s attention, a soft toy stuffed with catnip should have them running around, pouncing, kangaroo kicking, and playing in no time.

"While it might seem like a ‘high’ similar to when humans take recreational drugs, catnip is not addictive or dangerous and the behavior changes caused by catnip are short-lived and temporary."

Can I give my cat a catnip toy every day?

Catnip has unusual effects on our feline friends, which might leave you wondering if it's safe to give them every day. However, Dr. Godfrey assures that it's perfectly safe and harmless to do so.

She adds: "You might find that the more they are exposed the less they react. Therefore, giving them a catnip toy a couple of times a week or less might give a better result. You might also notice that your cat becomes resistant to the effects of catnip after 10 minutes or so, but this resistance is temporary."

Why do cats love catnip?

What does catnip do to cats? And why do they love it so much? We asked Dr. Godfrey to find out!

Dr. Godfrey says: "Nepeta cataria is the scientific name for the plant commonly known as catnip. Catnip contains the active ingredient nepetalactone, which is detected by the receptors of the olfactory bulb (which is responsible for a cat’s sense of smell).

"It’s this active ingredient that, when smelled, causes the behavior changes associated with catnip exposure, including rubbing, rolling, grooming, playing, vocalizing, and generally being more active."

If you're questioning, 'Does catnip get cats high?', 'Can kittens have catnip?', or 'Can cats eat catnip?', these expert guides have the answer. Or, if your cat is one of the few that don't react to catnip, you'll want to read about silver vine and valerian for cats as alternatives.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

If you’ve ever wondered, ‘Can kittens have catnip?’ you’re not alone. The plant is known for its strange effects on felines – like rolling around, vocalizing, and relaxation – so it’s understandable to question whether it’s safe for little ones too.

As long as you don’t overdo it, catnip is perfectly safe for kittens to play with. You can even buy the best catnip toys to save yourself the trouble of applying it manually. However, there are a few things to keep in mind, like the fact that kittens might not even respond to it until they reach a certain age.

Below, vet Dr. Joanna Woodnutt explains everything you need to know before introducing catnip to your furry friend – including the appropriate age and what to expect. She also shares expert advice on how much to give them so you’re fully prepared.

When can kittens have catnip?

The effect produced by catnip mimics that of feline sex hormones which is why some cats react to it very strongly. Some males can react to catnip by becoming grumpy or even aggressive but kittens tend not to become sensitive to the chemical compounds in catnip until they’re between three and six months old. In some cases, this can rise to 12-months-old. And, until they’re ready, they’ll likely just ignore it.

"It’s fine for kittens to have catnip, although they may not respond to it until they’re at least three months of age,” affirms Dr. Woodnutt. “The response to catnip is thought to be down to the herb mimicking pheromones related to cats in heat. Until a kitten’s brain has matured enough to make this connection, they won’t respond to catnip," she says – which explains why newborn kittens show no interest in it.

"For some cats, this maturation occurs around three months of age, although many won’t respond until they’re six months, and some not until they’re a year old," Woodnutt adds.

How should I give kittens catnip?

It’s best to start at the age of three months. If your cat ignores the catnip, put it away but continue to offer it at intervals until your cat is a year or so old, If he’s not interested by then, then it’s unlikely he ever will be. In the meantime, bear in mind that catnip loses its potency over time, so keep containers tightly sealed. If you grow your own supply of the herb, you can freeze it and dole it out gradually.

Cats interact with catnip in different ways – they sniff it, eat it or sometimes both. What’s really interesting is that the way they engage with it can cause different reactions and it’s always worthwhile understanding why your kitty goes crazy for catnip.

When cats sniff catnip the scent triggers endorphins (happy hormones) in the brain. It causes cats to zoom around the room (also known as cat zoomies), yowling, rolling and generally having a great time. Such behavior normally lasts for about 10 minutes or so. This is completely normal, and in a couple of hours or so he’ll be back for more.

When cats eat catnip, however, it causes a more mellow, chilled out reaction – but you need to be mindful that there are limits. "If your kitten eats larger amounts of catnip, this can result in stomach upset,” Woodnutt explains. “Most adult cats avoid this as they self-regulate, but kittens may be prone to over-indulging."

But is catnip actually good for kittens? "While I wouldn’t recommend feeding catnip to kittens because they won’t get any benefit from it, it’s not likely to harm them if they tear open a packet and eat a small amount," Woodnutt explains.

Can kittens have catnip toys?

Like all young animals, kittens require a lot of stimulation to keep their inquisitive minds entertained and prevent them from getting bored. Catnip toys can prove extra-interesting, helping to stave off boredom and they can be a good solution when it comes to how to fix common kitten behavior problems. There is no harm in giving them to kittens. Just be aware that they run the risk of running into furniture when they’re playing ‘zoomies’ following contact, so you should make sure they’re supervised.

If you have a kitty who reacts strongly to catnip, then you can also use it as a training aid. Rub their scratching post with catnip oil to encourage puss to use it, or tempt him in from outside with the promise of the tempting treat.

What is catnip?

Catnip is a plant called Nepeta cataria and it is a member of the mint family. Also known as catswort, catwort or catmint, its stems, leaves and seeds contain a chemical compound called nepetalactone which has a smell that cats absolutely adore. When kitties roll in the plant, oils are released leading to a wonderful aroma that has an effect on cats for between 30 minutes and a couple of hours. After that, they start to lose sensitivity to it and therefore become less interested.

How much catnip do you give a kitten?

Catnip isn’t toxic or addictive, so if your kitty accidentally overdoses then it’s pretty unlikely to cause major problems. However, kittens have sensitive digestive systems and eating too much of the potent herb could cause vomiting or diarrhea. While adult cats tend to self-moderate, young animals are not normally known for their self-control.

Fresh leaves are more potent than dried, so if you grow your own fresh catnip, keep the plant where your pet can’t reach it. For a kitten, try rubbing a toy with catnip to see how strongly they react. If you’re feeding catnip, start off with very small amounts, such as half a teaspoon a day. If you’re using a commercially prepared product such as dried leaves or a catnip spray, follow the dosage instructions on the packaging.

Giving catnip to your kitty in moderation is completely safe and won’t hurt him – it might even be good for his digestion to have a small daily dose. If it makes him hugely excited, just make sure you hide all your breakables before you unleash the catnip mouse!

If your cat doesn't react to catnip, you might want to read our feature that answers, 'What is silver vine?' You might also be wondering 'Does catnip get cats high?' Or, for more playtime tips, read how to play with a kitten and how to make DIY kitten toys.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

You may think there’s no real contest when considering catmint vs catnip. Just one look at your moggies when there is catnip in the vicinity is surely enough to convince you of that.

Even so, there is still some confusion between the two among feline enthusiasts given that both are similarly named and are part of the mint family. It’ll certainly do you no harm to know the differences between the two – even though, deep down, you’ve likely figured out that catnip and cats are a match made in heaven which is why you should keep your eyes peeled for the best catnip toys.

So let’s dig the dirt by looking at the common ground between these two humble plants while outlining where they differ. In doing so, we’ll work out which holds the key to your moggy’s heart in the battle of catmint vs catnip.

Catmint vs catnip: What's the difference?

First of all, let’s be clear: the biggest difference between catmint and catnip is the fact they’re different plants. Although they are similarly named, belong to the mint family and come from the Nepetagenus of flowering plants, as detailed in the Science Advances journal, they are separate species.

Catmint is Nepeta mussinii and Catnip is Nepeta cataria. Catmint is often planted in garden beds because of its lovely lavender flowers, while catnip has a much weedier appearance and comes with white flowers.

Catmint flowers more continuously than catnip and the leaves are often harvested for use in cooking because of their similar taste to mint. Unlike catmint, catnip is often used as a remedy for fevers, colds, cramps, and migraines, and can be turned into catnip tea for cats or humans.

Catmint vs catnip: Which one do cats want?

You probably know the answer already. Pit catmint vs catnip and only one reigns supreme as far as your kitty is concerned and that is… catnip! Whether it’s the best catnip toys or fresh catnip, most furkids can’t get enough of the heavenly green stuff.

Cats are attracted to a compound in catnip leaves known as nepetalactone. It makes them want to eat the leaves and it gives them the euphoric high we humans find so hilarious. Although responses are affected by age, sex and early gonadectomy in male and female cats, as detailed in a study published in Behavioural Processes, the smell of catnip alone can trigger a whole host of amusing behavior.

So, if your cat goes crazy after eating catnip and starts running around, excessively licking or chewing, shaking their head, rubbing, rolling, and salivating all over the place, don’t be alarmed – all of those behaviors are well documented side effects of being exposed to nepetalactone. It’s also why you should become acquainted with six creative ways to use catnip – it can help in many ways including introducing felines to new things.

While catmint also contains nepetalactone, it’s present in much smaller amounts, and although some kitties may still find catmint interesting, it’s unlikely to have the same enthralling effect as catnip.

Can cats eat catmint?

Although many plants in the mint family are toxic for cats, that’s usually only the case when they’re consumed in large quantities. The good news is that catmint is perfectly safe.

It’s unlikely you’ll find your kitty nibbling away on any catmint you have growing in your garden but if you do, rest assured it’s non-toxic so it won’t do them any harm.

Catnip on the other hand is worth paying more attention to. Although it’s safe and can aid a cat’s digestive tract, it is best given in moderation as too much catnip can be bad for cats. The same goes if you’re wondering “can kittens have catnip?”.

Common signs of a catnip overdose include diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, and trouble walking. It’s important to monitor your kitty around catnip and to consult a vet if you think your moggy may have consumed too much of the green stuff.

Read next: Can cats eat catnip? and what is valerian for cats?

If you’re a pet parent, you may have wondered, "Is catnip bad for cats?" After all, it makes them react in the most peculiar ways, from meowing and rolling to purring and drooling, so you might be concerned about whether it’s safe for your feline.

Thankfully, expert vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan has confirmed that catnip is not harmful to cats. In fact, it has a long list of benefits (like helping with anxiety and promoting relaxation). You can even buy the best catnip toys, which can promote cat play and exercise.

Below, Dr. MacMillan has explained the benefits and side effects that catnip might have on your cat, why they love it so much, and the reason it impacts our kitties the way it does.

Is catnip bad for cats?

There’s no evidence that catnip is bad for cats, but there are a few side effects that are worth keeping an eye out for.

In small to moderate doses, catnip is likely to be a purely pleasurable experience for most cats, but if your kitty hits the catnip buffet and devours too much of the stuff in fresh or dried form, they can end up with an upset tummy. This can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and a general feeling of being unwell. Thankfully, cats are expert self-regulators so overdosing on catnip is pretty rare.

What’s more common is cats injuring themselves while they’re bouncing around the room on a catnip high, so it can be a good idea to keep an eye on them just to be safe.

What is catnip?

Catnip, or nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb that closely resembles oregano when dried but is actually a member of the mint family. Originally found in Northern Africa and the Mediterranean, catnip is now found growing wild throughout Europe and North America.

With heart-shaped or triangular leaves and blooms of blue, white, pink, or lavender, catnip is rather pretty in appearance and easy to grow, even for the most novice of gardeners. If you decide to experiment with growing catnip at home, be sure to keep it out of reach of your fur pal’s paws as otherwise, you may find it gets gobbled up rather quickly!

Why do cats love catnip?

Dr. MacMillan says: “Catnip contains a substance called nepetalactone which is released when the plant is chewed, crushed, or rubbed against. Nepetalactone binds to sensors in your cat’s nose, sending signals to their brain that influence behavior. This is very similar to the effects that pheromones can have on cats, but to a much more obvious degree.

“After interacting with catnip, your cat may become hyperactive, even appearing slightly crazed as they run around the house. Some cats may start to drool, roll around, or stretch out too. Alternatively, some cats become chilled out and may even sit staring into space for a little while. Your cat might not react at all; its exact effects can vary between different cats.”

How will catnip affect your cat?

What does catnip do to cats? Sniffing catnip tends to have a stimulant effect, in much the same way that sniffing rosemary, coffee beans, or citrus has in humans. However, when catnip is ingested it usually acts as a relaxant, like chamomile, making cats feel chilled and sleepy.

When a cat smells catnip they start to mimic the same sort of behavior that female cats in heat display. This can involve purring, meowing, rolling on the ground, zipping about, and drooling. If you notice your kitty trying to swat or chase things that aren’t there, that’s because catnip is known to have the same effect that hallucinogenic drugs have on humans.

While most moggies go mad for catnip, some may exhibit mild aggression and growling behaviors. This is something to watch out for if you have a multi-cat household. If you try your cats on catnip and notice them displaying negative behaviors, we recommend you stop giving it to them and speak to your veterinarian who can advise you on other options, such as valerian.

The good news is that the effects of catnip are short and sweet, lasting for just 5 to 15 minutes, and once they wear off, it’ll take a few hours before your kitty can go catnip crazy again.

Benefits of catnip

Believe it or not, catnip isn’t just a fun treat, giving it to your cat can also be beneficial. Catnip can be a great way to train your kitten or cat in appropriate indoor behavior, including teaching them to use a scratching post instead of clawing at your furniture. Some of the best cat scratching posts come with a bag of catnip that you can sprinkle around the base to lure your kitty in.

It’s also the perfect solution for sedentary cats as it can boost their activity levels and get them engaged in some easy exercise that will benefit their bones, muscles, and joints - not to mention their waistline!

If you have a cat that hates going to the vet, take advantage of the relaxant effect of infused catnip to help calm them down. Soup for cats is a fairly new phenomenon, and while it may sound labor-intensive, catnip soup is quick and easy to make, and the mild sedative effect can make those vet visits a little easier to manage.

Read next: Can cats eat catnip? and Can kittens have catnip? Or, learn the answer to does catnip get cats high? For catnip alternatives, learn about valerian for cats.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.