With long hair and a short ‘bobbed’ tail, an American Bobtail cat was born thanks to a genetic mutation after a couple visited Arizona and adopted a bobtail cat. After mating him with a female cat, this resulted in a litter of kittens with shortened tails.

Despite their wildcat looks, these domesticated tabby cats have very friendly and docile temperaments and they can adapt their demeanor to suit their owner. It’s this fact that makes them one of the best cats for seniors and one of the best emotional support animals.

This long-haired cat breed is believed to be pretty healthy, but their shortened tail can cause them to develop a few issues. So if you are thinking of adopting one, there are some health conditions to be aware of. To help you come to a decision, we spoke to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who has shared some insight on all the helpful factors potential pet owners need to know.

Are American Bobtail cats hypoallergenic?

An American Bobtail cat is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

“They produce the Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine, the same as other cat breeds,” Dr MacMillan says. “They are also moderate shedders and may shed more heavily seasonally in fall and spring.

“Anecdotally some people report reacting to American Bobcats less than some other breeds, but I can’t find an official source to support this,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Therefore, if you’re part on an allergy-prone household, it’s probably worth considering some of the more non-shedding cat breeds, such the Cornish Rex, Siamese or Russian Blue.

Are American Bobtail cats rare?

Yes, the American Bobtail is considered a rare cat breed in the US.

“It has only been a relatively recently accepted breed by cat fanciers,” Dr MacMillan explains, “so it doesn’t have the years of history that some of the other pedigrees do.

“Their bobbed tail requires careful selective breeding, and not all kittens will be born with this desirable trait, further limiting their numbers,” the expert adds.

How big do American Bobtails get?

American Bobtail cats are classified as a medium to large breed. Where adult males can reach between 12–16 pounds while females can be anywhere between 7–11 pounds in weight.

This is similar to the average size of an Abyssinian, Birman, Burmese, Scottish Fold or Bombay.

How much grooming does an American Bobtail cat need?

American Bobtails tend to have either short or medium-length coats.

“Either way, their dense double coat needs regular brushing to prevent mats from forming,” Dr MacMillan says. “Once or twice a week should be enough, depending on coat length.”

The idea of brushing a cat might seem unnecessary given that the average cat spends anywhere between 30–50% of its day grooming themselves. But brushing your feline friend can help with the health and cleanliness of your kitty. For example, using one of the best cat brushes will help to remove dirt, dandruff and skin flakes from their fur and skin.

Plus, for a moderately shedding cat, like an American Bobtail, brushing your feline can prevent clumps of fur from appearing all over your home.

How much exercise does an American Bobtail cat need?

You should aim to help your American Bobtail complete around 30 minutes of exercise a day – however this shouldn’t be too much hassle, considering this breed loves to stay active.

Often described as having dog-like behaviour, this playful and energetic kitty is also a cat breed that likes water. So they’ll love playing with their water bowl or drinking from one of the best pet water fountains.

American Bobtail health problems

This breed is generally pretty robust and healthy. But according to Dr MacMillan, American Bobtails have a tendency to develop a few health issues.

“Their abnormal tail confirmation puts them at greater risk of spinal issues,” the vet says. “This can include herniated discs and spinal deformities. Depending on the severity, this could lead to a variety of issues including difficulty waking and jumping up, paralysis, and incontinence.”

American Bobtails are also at increased risk of hip dysplasia.

“This developmental joint abnormality can cause pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of osteoarthritis,” explains Dr MacMillan.

Purchasing from a reputable breeder who only mates healthy animals will reduce the risk of your kitten developing health issues.

“Keeping your cat at a healthy weight will also help protect their joints and spine from additional pressure,” the expert adds.

How much does an American Bobtail cost?

Their scarcity means that American Bobtails can be quite an expensive cat breed to purchase. On average, you could expect to pay anywhere between $600–1,200 for the privilege of welcoming an American Bobtail into your home.

This makes this breed pretty much the same price as the other similar ‘missing tail’ breed, the Manx.

Should I get an American Bobtail?

Above all, American Bobtail cats are friendly and adaptable so they would fit in well with most families.

They like attention and they are very affectionate, so some people even describe this breed as being ‘dog-like’.

“Unlike most cat breeds, they tend to bond well with all members of the household rather than focusing on just one owner, which is nice for families,” Dr MacMillan adds. “Due to their love of human company, they would be best suited to owners who are around most of the time to provide them with the fuss they need.”

“American Bobtails are frequently used as therapy cats due to their soft, interactive nature,” the vet adds, so they could be a great fit for helping people cope with stress and anxiety.

Read next: Wild cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

We usually associate dementia with humans, but cats can develop feline dementia, or cognitive dysfunction, as they get older, too.

The symptoms of dementia in cats, like confusion and sleep problems, mirror those experienced by humans.

Increased vocalization, particularly meowing, is also common in cats with dementia, as is a change in appetite.

A new study published in the European Journal of Neuroscience has found that the brains of cats with dementia change in a similar way to those of people with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia. This may help us to better study dementia in humans, the researchers have said.

Scientists found a build-up of the toxic protein amyloid-beta in the brains of cats with dementia, something also found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s. This helps us learn how the protein leads to age-related brain dysfunction and memory loss in cats.

Scientists at the University of Edinburgh examined the brains of 25 cats after they’d died, including cats who’d shown signs of feline dementia. They found build-ups of amyloid-beta within the synapses, connections between brain cells, of senior cats and cats with dementia.

They also discovered that astrocytes and microglia, both support cells found in the brain, ‘ate’ the synapses affected. Known as synaptic pruning, the process is important when the brain is developing but can contribute to synapse loss in dementia.

Synapses allow messages to travel between brain cells and are important when it comes to keeping the brain healthy. When they’re affected, it’s likely to lead to memory and cognitive issues.

The findings will help us both understand and learn to manage dementia in cats, but dementia in humans, too. Previously, scientists have had to rely on rodent models, but rodents don’t naturally develop dementia. So, studying cats who’ve died with dementia could aid research and help develop treatments.

Dr Robert McGeachan, study lead from the University of Edinburgh's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, said: "Dementia is a devastating disease – whether it affects humans, cats, or dogs. Our findings highlight the striking similarities between feline dementia and Alzheimer's disease in people.

“This opens the door to exploring whether promising new treatments for human Alzheimer's disease could also help our aging pets.”

Professor Danièlle Gunn-Moore, Personal Chair of Feline Medicine at the same vet school, added: "Feline dementia is so distressing for the cat and for its person. It is by undertaking studies like this that we will understand how best to treat them. This will be wonderful for the cats, their owners, people with Alzheimer's and their loved ones. Feline dementia is the perfect natural model for Alzheimer's, everyone benefits."

Read next: 32 tips for taking care of senior cats

Gentle and graceful, as their name suggests, Turkish Angoras originated in Türkiye during the 16th century. But by the 20th century, this cat almost became extinct. To stop this from happening, a breeding program was set up in Ankara Zoo in 1962 and the same program is still running in 2025 as it is still considered one of the rarest cat breeds.

Today, Turkish Angoras are most often depicted with their beautiful white silky coat, their striking almond-shaped eyes and a long and graceful body. Described as being regal in both their looks and personality, this family-oriented cat tends to form a close bond with one person and is known and loved for its intelligence and independence.

To find out more about this breed, and whether your four walls are a Turkish Angora's fur-ever home, we spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who shared her knowledge of this breed with us.

Are Turkish Angora cats hypoallergenic?

Turkish Angora cats aren't classed as a hypoallergenic cat breed.

While their luscious single-coated locks won't shed too much, they still carry the Fel d 1 protein, which is the primary allergen in cats, which is known to trigger allergies.

Therefore, if your allergy is on the mild end, a Turkish Angora might not have you reaching for the tissues any time soon as they won't end up leaving fur all over your home.

But as is the case with all feline friends, they still have the protein that is carried in cat saliva and this will be spread through their coat after they groom themselves.

Are Turkish Angora cats vocal?

Turkish Angora cats are well known for being one of the more vocal cat breeds.

“They have a wide range of meows that they use to communicate with their owner,” explains Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “They usually show off their vocal talents when they are demanding attention! However, individuals vary, so some of these cats may be more talkative than others.”

Turkish Angora health problems

According to Dr MacMillan, white Turkish Angoras with blue eyes are at an increased risk of deafness.

"The same genes that control melanin production, also affect the chemical balance in the tiny hairs within the ear," the vet explains. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for hereditary deafness, but many cats with hearing issues can still have a good quality of life if kept safely indoors, Dr MacMillan explains.

This breed, like many others, can be affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

"This hereditary heart issue can eventually lead to heart failure," Dr MacMillan explains. "A reputable breeder should screen their Turkish Angora cats for this condition prior to mating them. This will help to increase the chances of you owning a healthy cat."

Turkish Angoras can also suffer from all the common health complaints that may affect any other feline. So, to keep them healthy it is essential to carry out preventative healthcare.

"Making sure your cat is up to date with their vaccinations and anti-parasite treatment is important," Dr MacMillan says. "But you should also ensure they are on a good-quality, complete diet that is suitable for their life stage.

“Obesity can shorten the lifespan of your pet. Watching your Turkish Angora’s waistline will help increase their chances of a long and happy life and reduce the risk of issues like diabetes mellitus.”

What are a Turkish Angora’s grooming needs?

Brushing this cat breed once a week should do the trick. A Turkish Angora has a single coat with no undercoat which makes grooming them easier than other fur friends, with double or triple coats.

If you have a white coated or light colored Turkish Angora, you may need to bathe them occasionally too, to keep their fur looking its best. The good news is that Turkish Angoras love playing in water, so this should take care of washing their coat.

What are a Turkish Angora exercise needs?

This breed is very agile and athletic. When they're not exuding their kitten-like playfulness they are most probably playing in water. And when they're not picking up the best cat toys, they are exploring the world and climbing trees outside.

Therefore, to help expel some energy, a Turkish Angora will need at least 30 minutes of exercise a day, which can be broken up into smaller stints. This could include letting them explore the great outdoors with their strong hunting instincts, letting them run and jump around your home or engaging in some one-on-one toy time.

How much does Turkish Angora cost?

Turkish Angoras are a relatively expensive cat breed and the high price point is reflective of their rarity.

Generally speaking, kittens can cost between $650–2,000, depending on the location and breeder you go to.

This is in the same ballpark as a Korat, Abyssinian and Himalayan cat.

Should I get a Turkish Angora?

A Turkish Angora is a family-oriented cat and will love forming a close bond with one special human. Therefore, if you or your family are keen to create a fur friend for life, then this kitty, which can live for up to 20 years, will feel right at home.

Turkish Angoras retain their kitten-like energy all throughout adulthood. So not only will they bring lots of energy to your home, they will be up for playing, exploring and climbing. And when they're not doing that, they will be chatting away!

Grooming-wise, a Turkish Angora is pretty low-maintenance. And while there are a few health conditions to be aware of, like potential deafness and HCM, the latter can be prevented if you purchase from a reputable breeder who would health-screen their Turkish Angora cats for this condition prior to mating them.

All in all, a Turkish Angora is a friendly, lovable and fun cat to share your home with – but that's if you can find of these rare beauties in the first place!

Read next: White cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The active and mischievous Egyptian Mau is known for being one of the longest living cat breeds and one of the most fascinating felines. We say this because this regal-looking cat comes with a seemingly never-ending list of attributes to its name.

For example, along with being extremely athletic, having low grooming needs and a love for the great outdoors, these water-loving cats have a very balanced temperament. This makes them a great all-rounder for family homes and households that already have pets.

But that’s if you can find one! A ‘Mau’ – which in Egyptian means ‘cat’ – is classed as one of the rarest breeds in the US and because of this, it's one of the most expensive breeds, too.

Still intrigued by this vocal breed of tabby? If that’s the case, do keep scrolling to find out everything there is to know about this cat and who this kitty might be best suited for.

Are Egyptian Mau cats hypoallergenic?

No, the Egyptian Mau is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed. Explaining why, vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan says: “Though its short sleek fur may be less triggering than other breeds for mild allergy sufferers, they will shed moderate amounts all year round.”

Wondering how to reduce cat shedding? While there’s no ‘magic pill’ for preventing your Egyptian Mau from this completely natural process, there are some things you can do to help reduce the amount of hair found around your home.

For example, regular grooming with the right type of cat brush can help to remove dead hairs before they’re fully shed and prevent them from falling all over your home.

You could also check your anti-parasite regimen with a vet to ensure that your cat has been getting the correct dose and is up to date, as parasites, like fleas, lice, and mites, can all cause irritation, leading to increased grooming and shedding.

Are Egyptian Mau cats friendly?

They really are! Egyptian Mau cats are one of the friendliest cat breeds, known and loved for their affectionate nature.

“These cats enjoy human company and often form a strong bond with one family member, though they will still be sweet-natured with other people too,” explains Dr MacMillan. “They are intelligent cats that relish routine.”

Egyptian Maus can also get along just fine with other fur friends, like dogs, too.

“They usually get on OK with dogs in the household, provided there have been gradual introductions and the dog is laid back,” Dr MacMillan adds.

It’s a well-known fact that most cats and dogs are not naturally friends. But if you have a multi-pet household and are thinking about expanding your fur family with an Egyptian Mau, there are a range of tips and tricks that can help dogs and cats live together in perfect harmony.

Are Egyptian Mau cats vocal?

Another fun fact about an Egyptian Mau cat? Just like a Siamese, Burmese and Tonkinese, these kitties are one of the loudest cat breeds.

“This breed is very vocal around their family and will often chirrup, yowl, and meow to communicate,” confirms Dr MacMillian. “These chatty cats enjoy using their voice to get attention, helping them bond with their owners. This behavior is often reinforced when their owners react back, and so the Egyptian Mau quickly learns that it’s a useful tool!”

So, if you have a lively household, this chatty companion could fit right in. The same goes for if you are living alone and are looking for a fur friend to share your thoughts with. Either way, if you intend to share your four walls with an Egyptian Mau, your home is going to be full of chatter.

How much grooming does an Egyptian Mau need?

Egyptian Maus are low-maintenance when it comes to grooming.

“Their coat only needs brushing once or twice a week to remove loose hairs and keep it looking smart,” says Dr MacMillian. While regular preventive oral care is also advised, as is the case with all cat breeds. "

So, if you don’t know how to do so already, learning how to brush your cat’s teeth will help you keep your cat’s teeth clean and healthy, and go a long way to keeping dental disease, like stomatitis, at bay.

How much exercise does an Egyptian Mau need?

When it comes to exercise this athletic and energetic breed will need at least 30 minutes of play a day, so you'll need some of the best interactive cat toys to hand.

If you’ve got a safe and kitty-friendly outdoor space, an Egyptian Mau will also thrive from being outside, as it’s a cat breed that prefers living life outdoors. And, despite being domesticated, you’ll most likely find this cat standing on its hind legs, surveying the world beneath them.

This nature-loving breed loves water too, so will adore whiling away their days climbing and jumping. And, when rain ruins play, the best cat trees will help these fur friends still get their exercise-loving fix.

Egyptian Mau health problems

The good news is that Egyptian Maus are generally a pretty healthy cat breed. However, there are a few health conditions they can suffer from.

“Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a rare disease that can affect Egyptian Maus, causing red blood cells to die more quickly than usual,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This means that there is less blood circulating in the bloodstream and the cat becomes anaemic. This problem may not be noticed straight away as clinical signs can often be intermittent.”

Unfortunately, Dr MacMillan explains that this is a genetic defect, so there is nothing that a new owner can do to prevent it from occurring. However, she suggests owners look out for “symptoms, including pale or yellow gums, lethargy, muscle wastage, elevated heart rate, and exercise intolerance.”

Egyptian Maus can also be prone to cystitis, which is inflammation of the bladder.

“Owners need to be watchful for symptoms like blood in the urine, straining when urinating or only passing small amounts of urine at a time,” Dr MacMillan says. “They should also encourage their cat to take in more fluids by feeding wet food, adding water to their cat's diet, placing plenty of water dishes around the house and considering a cat drinking fountain.”

Like many other cats, the Egyptian Mau can be prone to tartar buildup and gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums.

“This is why I always recommend preventative oral care, from an early age,” the vet says. “Toothbrushing with cat-friendly toothpaste is recommended and some may need regular veterinary cleanings too.”

How much does an Egyptian Mau cost?

The price of an Egyptian Mau can vary anywhere from $800–1,200 but they have been known to sell for up to $2,500, which makes them one of the most expensive cat breeds. That’s because Egyptian Maus are rare in the US, so finding one could cost you a pretty penny!

Towards the lower end of the scale, this puts the Egyptian Mau in the same price bracket as a Cornish Rex or an ocicat. While the higher end is how much you could expect to pay for an Abyssinian.

Either way, the final price you pay will hang on the breeder you choose and what state you're in.

Should I get an Egyptian Mau?

If well looked after, Egyptian Maus are pretty healthy companions and sociable creatures who enjoy living with an owner who is home for much of the day.

As lovers of the great outdoors, they would also thrive in homes that have access to safe outside spaces and if possible, somewhere that has water they can play in.

If you’ve already got another pet in your home, like a dog, then worry not, as most Egyptian Maus extend their friendly nature to other four-legged friends.

If you’re seriously considering adopting this breed, you’ll also need to take into consideration that this chatty companion will want to talk for most of the day, as these kitties are extremely vocal.

“They are adaptable and would be happy living in the city or countryside, provided they are given enough exercise and mental stimulation,” adds Dr MacMillan. “If you travel or work away from home a lot, then this perhaps isn’t the best cat for you,” the expert highlights.

Read next: Most mischievous cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Hearing dogs are some of the most heroic animals, helping to support people who are deaf or hard of hearing.

But these clever pups need to undergo training first. And one cat helps them along the way. Siamese cat Frank, who lives in the town of High Wycombe in the UK, northwest of London, with his owner Julie Shute, spends time with dogs in training to see how they react to him. This helps Hearing Dogs for Deaf People assess whether the dogs would be able to live with someone who has cats.

"Frank is proving to be a great addition to our training team,” said Rachel Broadley, dog training instructor at the organization’s Buckinghamshire training hub, via BBC News. "It's not a job that would suit every cat, but as a confident boy who loves dogs, he is already best friends with trainee puppy Kasper."

The charity trains dogs to recognize sounds like smoke alarms, doorbells, and baby monitors, and Frank begins his work by meeting trainee dogs through a glass door.

He then rests on Shute’s lap with the dog in reach, to see how the canine will behave. Shute said, "When a dog comes up to Frank, I can tell by his body language if he's comfortable around them.

"Throughout the whole interaction, he's always free to jump out of the way or leave the room. But if he's comfortable, his muscles will relax, and the dog can then come closer to sniff him."

If a dog barks, backs away, or appears over-interested, they might not be the right fit to live with a cat parent – here’s what to know about dogs and cats living together for more information.

Frank gets a reward, of course. After each training session he gets to eat roast chicken pieces, his favorite snack.

Shute explained that Frank got involved with training by accident, when she volunteered herself and was given a cockapoo puppy, Gizmo.

"They ate, slept, and played together,” she explained. “My trainer at the time observed this and asked if it would be possible for other hearing dog puppies to visit Frank to see if they could be matched with a deaf partner who already had a pet cat.”

Frank went on to earn the title of ‘chief cat tester’ through his work.

Read next: 7 amazing jobs that working dogs do

Thanks to their wonderful ability to be active and exceptionally affectionate, you get the best of both worlds with a toyger.

This hybrid cat was created by crossing a wildcat species – like a Bengal – with a domestic shorthair cat and because of this, it has many attributes of both of these breeds. For example, along with being brilliantly sociable, including with children and other pets, this larger-than-life breed is also always up for a cuddle.

This designer breed is one of the best cat breeds for hot climates due to its short, dense coat that helps them thrive in hotter weather. It gets its name because it resembles a toy tiger.

Their high energy levels mean that they are an above-average commitment, as they'll need plenty of enrichment to stay happy and healthy. To find out more and discover whether this is the right fit for your four walls, keep scrolling.

Are toygers hypoallergenic?

Unlike a Balinese or Javanese, a Toyger is not considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

“They produce the same amount of Fel d1 protein as other cat breeds – the trigger for allergy sufferers,” vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan explains.

Unlike the non-shedding cat breeds: “They also shed a moderate amount all year round,” the expert confirms.

What does a toyger eat?

Despite its wild-looking characteristics, a Toyger’s dietary requirements are no different from any other domestic cat.

“They require a good quality complete diet that is rich in meat protein, formulated for their age and lifestyle,” Dr MacMillan says. “As with any breed of cat, it is important to keep your toyger at a healthy body weight as obesity can shorten their lifespan.”

Are toygers rare?

Yes, toygers are considered to be a rare breed.

“They are a recently established breed, which only came about in the 1980’s so numbers of this cat are still low,” explains Dr MacMillan. “There are not many toyger breeders out there so prices for one of these kittens are high.”

How much grooming does a toyger need?

Some cats require more grooming than others. However, toygers are considered to be a low maintenance cat, when it comes to grooming.

“Their short, sleek coat only needs brushing once a week,” Dr MacMillan says. “This will keep their coat looking good by removing any loose fur and preventing mats from forming.”

If you intend on adopting this cat, regular oral care is also recommended with a gentle introduction to teeth brushing from a young age. Unsure on how to do so? Discover how to brush your cat’s teeth according to a vet and the best ways to keep your cat’s mouth clean and healthy.

How much exercise does a toyger need?

Like most cats, a toyger will need atleast 30 minutes of exercise a day.

“They are reasonably active so they would need an owner who can engage and play with them regularly,” Dr MacMillan says.

To help them get all the exercise they need, this is where the best cat toys, like the best interactive cat toys and the best automated cat toys will come in handy. The latter will work especially well in households who aren’t able to spend long periods of time playing. So your toyger can amuse themselves instead.

Toyger health problems

This breed is relatively healthy and doesn’t seem to have any breed specific health issues. Explaining why this might be, Dr MacMillan says this is because the Toyger is the product of domestic short-haired cats with certain desirable markings.

“These crossbreed tabbies have a wider gene pool rather than some of the other pedigree cats out there,” the expert says. “That is not to say that breed-specific concerns won’t develop as time goes on.”

However, some health conditions are common to all cats, including toygers.

“This includes dental disease,” Dr MacMillan says. “Any cat can develop excessive tartar buildup and gum inflammation. Owners should brush their cat’s teeth regularly with cat-safe toothpaste and some may require professional veterinary cleans occasionally.”

Keeping your cat at a healthy body weight is also essential, as overweight or obese cats are more likely to suffer from diabetes, joint disease, and cancer.

“Any breed of cat can develop health complaints like heart murmurs, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract issues, or hyperthyroidism, so it is important to be proactive and get them checked over regularly,” the vet says.

How much does a toyger cost?

The short answer to this question is: a lot! Due to their rarity, toygers are one of the more expensive cat breeds and can set you back up to $5,000! But depending on what breeder you go to and the state you’re in, prices tend to start from $1,500 and work their way up – which is similar to a Bengal cat.

That said, if you can find one of these cuties from a shelter, the adoption rate is usually around $500–1,000.

Should I get a toyger?

Only you can decide the answer to this question.

“Toygers are friendly and easygoing cats, so they would fit in well with most families,” explains Dr MacMillan. “They are also reasonably active so they would need an owner who can engage and play with them regularly.”

Generally healthy, toygers can live for up to 12–15 years, so if you intend to rehome one, you can expect them to become a fully fledged member of the fur family for years to come.

Although they have a wild and exotic look, these cats are usually affectionate. Therefore, with the right socialization and gentle introductions, these feline friends get on well with children and dogs.

Read next: Cat breeds that prefer being outdoors

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Cats hate water, right? In popular culture, the life of a feline consists of eating fish, chasing mice, fighting with dogs, and running from the sight of water.

While some cats do love water, even going for a swim, there is some truth to the stereotype. If you’ve ever tried to give your kitty a wash and ended up covered in scratches despite promises of the best cat treats, you’ll be able to testify.

So, why do cats hate water, and what can we do to help keep them clean? Dr Aimee Warner, resident vet at Waggel, has all the information we need.

It’s partly due to the way cats evolved, as Dr Warner explains. “When we see a cat 'overreacting' to water, we're witnessing millions of years of evolution in action,” she explains. “Their ancestors survived by avoiding water, and that programming is so strong it overrides logic. Understanding this changes everything about how we approach feline hygiene."

Domestic cats are descended from the African wildcat, which tends to live in desert climates where there isn’t a lot of water. The reason cats are so adept at grooming themselves is so they don’t have to depend on water.

So, do cats need baths? Well, when cats get wet, their fur doesn’t provide as much insulation, and so can make them feel colder and more vulnerable. They can’t regulate temperature as well, and can’t move as quickly. They lose their natural scent markers, too. As Dr Warner adds, "It's not stubbornness. It's genuine distress. Their nervous system is telling them they're in danger."

So, here’s what she recommends instead of battling at bath time:

• Opt for daily brushing instead: If you spend five minutes a day on brushing, you’ll remove dirt and distribute natural oils more than less frequent baths. Make sure you choose the right brush for your feline, so use a slicker brush (like this one on Amazon) for long hair and a rubber brush (like this one) for short hair.
• Spot-clean: Use cat-friendly wipes and dry shampoos (like this one) to tackle specific areas, like dirty paws or faces. You can keep your cat clean without getting their entire body wet.
• Utilize positive reinforcement: If you take things slow and reward your cat, they’re more likely to grow to enjoy brushing. By building their trust over time, you’ll make things like nail trimming or checking their teeth easier, too.
• Keep water for emergencies only: Make sure you reserve bath time for emergencies. For example, if your cat gets into a dangerous substance, is very unwell, and a bath would help, or they’ve soiled themselves to the point where it could pose a health risk.

"Sometimes safety trumps comfort," Dr Warner says. "If your cat gets into something dangerous, quick action matters more than their preferences. But we can minimise the stress."

If you must bathe your cat, she recommends keeping the room warm, using shallow lukewarm water and a non-slip surface, putting on a calm voice, and wrapping them in a warm towel straight after.

"Save the water battles for true emergencies," Dr Warner summarizes. "Your cat will be healthier, happier, and your relationship will be stronger when you work with their instincts instead of against them."

Read next: How to give a cat a flea bath

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Large, muscular and full of energy, the ocicat is a beautiful mix between a Siamese, American Shorthair, and an Abyssinian. And while ocicats have a wild-like appearance to them, they’re a completely domestic breed.

According to history books, the ocicat originated by pure chance after breeder Virginia Daly crossed a Siamese cat with an Abyssinian in 1964. After a few attempts, she discovered a male kitten called Tonga that resembled a wild ocelot with ivory fur and golden spots. And, after later incorporating the American Shorthair into the breeding program, the athletic and muscular ocicat we know and love today was formed.

Today, ocicats come in 12 colors and patterns and are still relatively rare in the US due to being a relatively new breed. This makes them quite an expensive cat breed to purchase, with some breeders asking for up to $2,500. Aside from their high price tag, ocicats are vocal creatures who have a love for climbing, running and playing in water. It’s why they are often referred to as 'dogs in cats' fur.

If you're wondering whether your four walls could be an ocicat's forever home, stick right here. We spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who shared everything on the characteristics, temperament and health conditions of this lovable breed.

Are ocicats hypoallergenic?

“Ocicats may be hypoallergenic, as they are reported to produce less allergy-triggering Fel d1 protein than other cat breeds as well as shedding a bit less,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This doesn’t mean that they are completely allergen-free, however, and some sensitive allergy sufferers will still be triggered,” the vet adds.

That’s because, technically speaking, no cat can be classed as fully hypoallergenic as all cats produce the Fel d1 protein.

That’s why fur fans who are allergic to cats but still want to share their home withone tend to adopt hypoallergenic cat breeds, like the Balinese, Javanese, Devon Rex and now the ocicat, as they either produce less of the allergy-triggering protein and/or shed a lot less than other cats, which may reduce the amount of allergens spread by their hair.

Are ocicats rare?

Yes, Ocicats are considered a rare cat breed so finding one may be tricky.

“They are a relatively new breed, so there aren’t that many breeders around, although they are becoming more common in the US,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “This means your kitten may be an expensive one to purchase compared to many other cats.”

Are ocicat cats friendly?

You should never judge a book (or cat) by its cover because ocicats may look wild, but they have no recent wild DNA in their genetic makeup.

“They are actually friendly, playful, and outgoing cats that make great pets for the right owner,” says Dr MacMillan. “This inquisitive cat is very sociable and needs plenty of stimulation and play.”

How much grooming does an ocicat need?

Ocicats might be a type of large cat, but this independent breed requires minimal grooming due to their short fur.

“Brushing them once a week to remove any loose hairs should be enough,” states Dr MacMillan, and you should do so with one of the best cat brushes to help keep your cat mat-free and silky soft.

How much exercise does an ocicat cat need?

Due to their large and muscular body, ocicats are a fairly active breed and they will need at least 30–45 minutes of exercise each day.

“They are athletic and will need space in which to climb, run, and play,” Dr MacMillan confirms. They are also a breed that likes water, so if you have access to some outdoor space with some H₂O, they will love taking a dip.

“They can also be trained to do simple commands and tricks, which is a great way of keeping them stimulated,” Dr MacMillan says. Therefore, if you are looking for ways to be the best cat owner, teaching this cat a new trick or two will keep you in their good books.

Ocicat health problems

Ocicats are generally healthy cats, but according to Dr MacMillan there are a couple of health issues they are susceptible to, such as amyloidosis.

“Amyloidosis is an uncommon condition, but it is more prevalent in certain breeds, including Siamese, Abyssinians and ocicats,” the vet says. “In this genetic condition, abnormal amounts of protein are deposited in tissues around the body, especially the kidneys. This can affect organ function, leading to problems like kidney or liver failure.”

Dr MacMillan says ocicats can also suffer from progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is another genetic condition.

“It causes gradual vision loss, leading to blindness,” she says. “It is not curable, but responsible breeders should only mate healthy animals to avoid passing the genes for this on to future generations.”

How much does an ocicat cost?

If you are planning on buying an ocicat from a reputable breeder, you can expect to pay anywhere between $800–2,500. This is around the same price you might pay for a Siamese cat, but this is more expensive than the price of an American Shorthair, which typically costs between $500–1,500 depending on the breeder and color.

Should I get an ocicat?

Ocicats are a large breed so would perhaps suit larger homes where there is plenty of space to jump, climb and run. Due to their athletic nature, an ocicat would also suit owners who have plenty of time to spend playing and practicing training exercises with their cats.

Ocicats are also very vocal and they are considered to be one of the loudest cat breeds. Therefore, potential owners should account for this, as their home would never be quiet with an ocicat around!

Adobe all, ocicat cats enjoy spending time with their owners, so a family that doesn’t travel or work away much would also be ideal.

“Some can suffer from separation anxiety when left alone for more than a short period,” explains Dr MacMillan.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Lethargy in cats is something I have encountered frequently in my 14 years as a veterinary surgeon. It is a very common reason for owners to bring their cats into the clinic, often describing them as “not themselves,” “not quite right,” or just “more sleepy than usual.” Because cats naturally enjoy long naps, it can sometimes be tricky to tell if they’re just resting or if there’s an underlying problem.

In veterinary practice, I’ve seen cases where lethargy was caused by something minor, like a mild viral infection, and others where it was the first sign of a life-threatening condition. Cats are masters at hiding illness, so subtle changes in their behavior or activity levels can be important clues.

The key to helping your cat is recognizing what’s normal for them and spotting changes early. This article will explain what lethargy in cats really means, the symptoms to watch for, the possible causes, and how you can help your cat feel better, as well as when it’s essential to seek veterinary attention.

What is lethargy in cats?

Lethargy in cats refers to a noticeable decrease in energy, enthusiasm, or willingness to engage in normal activities. A lethargic cat may spend more time sleeping, show less interest in play, grooming, or eating, and may seem generally “sluggish” or weak.

It’s important to remember that cats normally sleep for 12–16 hours a day, so sleep alone isn’t a cause for concern. The difference with lethargy is that your cat’s overall responsiveness and interest in their environment changes, even during the hours when they’d usually be active.

Symptoms of lethargy in cats

While lethargy itself is a symptom, you may also notice:

• Decreased appetite: Eating less than usual or not eating food altogether. If you're wondering why your cat isn’t eating, it can often be linked to an underlying illness causing lethargy.
• Reduced grooming: Coat may become dull, greasy, or matted.
• Less interest in play: Your cat won't play and even favorite toys may be ignored.
• Sleeping in unusual places: Particularly hiding away more than normal. A common query is why is my cat hiding?, as this can be a key sign of pain or stress.
• Slow or stiff movements: Reluctance to jump or climb.
• Changes in vocalization: Quieter than usual or, in some cases, more vocal.
• Weight loss: This can be gradual or sudden.
• Changes in toileting habits: You might notice things like urinating outside the litter tray.

If you notice lethargy alongside other signs like breathing difficulty, persistent vomiting, or collapse, this is an emergency and you should contact your vet immediately.

Causes of lethargy in cats

Lethargy in cats can be caused by a wide range of issues, including:

• Infection: Viral (e.g., feline calicivirus) or bacterial infections can be a huge drain on your cat’s energy.
• Parasites: Fleas, ticks, and worms can cause anemia or general unwellness.
• Pain or injury: Cats in pain may avoid movement and rest more than usual. Learning the subtle signs of pain in cats is crucial for early detection.
• Anemia: A low red blood cell count can leave your cat weak and tired.
• Heart disease: Reduces the body’s ability to circulate oxygen efficiently.
• Kidney disease: Common in older cats and can cause toxin build-up in the blood.
• Liver disease: Affects metabolism and energy levels.
• Endocrine disorders: Such as diabetes mellitus or hyperthyroidism.
• Cancer: Certain cancers can cause fatigue, either directly or through secondary effects.
• Toxin ingestion: Poisoning can cause sudden onset lethargy.
• Stress or emotional changes: Cats can withdraw and rest more when anxious or depressed.

How can I help my lethargic cat?

The first step is to monitor your cat closely and seek veterinary advice. While mild lethargy that resolves within 24 hours may be due to something minor, anything that persists or worsens needs investigation.

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause, and may include:

• Veterinary examination and diagnostic tests: Your vet may recommend blood tests, urine tests, imaging (X-ray or ultrasound), or other checks to identify the cause.
• Parasite control: Regular flea, tick, and worm treatment can prevent lethargy caused by infestations. Ensure you are using the best flea treatment for cats to rule this out.
• Supportive care: This might involve fluids, nutritional support, and pain relief.
• Specific medication: Such as antibiotics for bacterial infections, insulin for diabetes, or heart medications.
• Lifestyle adjustments: For chronic conditions, adjustments to diet, environment, and routine can improve comfort and energy.

Lethargy in cats is a symptom that shouldn’t be ignored. While it may be due to something minor, it can also be the first sign of serious illness. The safest approach is to get your cat checked by a vet, especially if the change is sudden, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms.

By knowing your cat’s normal behavior and acting promptly when something seems wrong, you can help ensure they get the care they need – and hopefully get them back to their lively, affectionate selves as soon as possible.

Read next: Cat sleep positions

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Can cats drink oat milk? It’s a question I encounter increasingly in my veterinary practice. As more households embrace plant-based diets, many animal lovers wonder whether their cats can share in that trend. With over 14 years of experience as a vet, I've advised many pet owners about human foods and the surprising risks they can pose to our feline friends.

While oat milk might seem like a harmless, dairy-free option, it's important to remember that cats aren’t small humans. They are obligate carnivores with digestive systems finely tuned for protein and fats, not plant-derived sugars. So before you pour a little into a saucer for your whiskered companion, it helps to know what’s safe, and what’s not.

In this article, I’ll explain the realities of feeding oat milk to cats and discuss some better alternatives. While you're here, you might also want to learn more about what cats should drink.

Can cats drink oat milk?

Cats can drink oat milk without it causing them any immediate harm. Because it is a plant-based product, oat milk does not contain lactose. This is important, as many cats struggle to digest lactose properly, which is why cow’s milk often leads to uncomfortable symptoms such as stomach cramps, bloating, or diarrhea.

By comparison, oat milk is far less likely to upset the digestive system. However, just because something is safe does not mean it is useful or beneficial. Oat milk offers no meaningful nutritional value to cats.

As obligate carnivores, cats have very specific dietary requirements that come almost exclusively from animal proteins. Oat milk does not provide these. It is very low in protein, it does not contain essential amino acids such as taurine, and it lacks the healthy fats that support a cat’s overall wellbeing.

Instead, it is relatively high in carbohydrates, which cats do not process efficiently. If given regularly, these extra calories can contribute to gradual weight gain, particularly in indoor cats that are less active and therefore more prone to obesity. For these reasons, while an occasional sip of oat milk is unlikely to cause any problems, it should not form a part of a cat’s regular diet.

How much oat milk can cats drink?

If you do decide to give your cat a little oat milk, it should only ever be regarded as an occasional treat rather than a regular part of their diet.

A very small amount is more than enough – around a teaspoon or two, offered no more than once or twice a week. It is important to make sure the oat milk is plain and unsweetened, as flavored varieties often contain added sugars, preservatives, or artificial sweeteners.

Some sweeteners, such as xylitol, are highly toxic to cats and must be strictly avoided. To be safe, it's worth familiarising yourself with a list of human foods that are poisonous to cats.

For this reason, always read the label carefully before offering any to your pet. Keeping it simple, plain, and in very modest quantities is the safest way to ensure that this occasional indulgence does not put your cat’s health at risk.

What kind of milk can cats drink?

Here’s a guide to feline-friendly 'milks' that are safe to give to your cat.

1. Lactose-free cat milk: This type of milk is specially formulated for cats and is a far safer option than standard cow’s milk. Because the lactose has been removed, it is much easier for cats to digest and is far less likely to cause stomach upset. Many brands also add in extra nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, to provide a small nutritional boost. Even so, it should still be given in moderation as a treat rather than a dietary staple.

2. Goat milk (lactose-reduced): Goat milk naturally contains slightly less lactose than cow’s milk, which means it may be gentler on a cat’s digestive system. Some cats may tolerate it better, but it is by no means an essential part of their diet. If your cat is already eating a nutritionally complete cat food, goat milk offers no additional benefit, so at best it should be viewed as an occasional indulgence.

3. Kitten milk formula: Commercially prepared kitten milk replacers are specifically designed for orphaned kittens or those who are unable to nurse from their mother. They are carefully balanced to provide the right levels of protein, fat, and essential nutrients that a growing kitten requires. Once a kitten has been weaned onto solid food, however, these formulas are no longer appropriate or necessary.

4. Plain, unsweetened plant milks (such as oat or almond milk): While these are generally safe in tiny amounts, they do not provide anything useful for a cat nutritionally. In fact, they are largely empty calories and can be surprisingly high in carbohydrates, which cats have little need for and can easily contribute to unwanted weight gain. If offered at all, they should be limited to very rare, very small sips only.

What is the closest thing to cat milk?

The gold standard is always commercial kitten formula, such as KMR or Cimicat, which is scientifically tailored to meet the high protein, fat, and calorie needs of growing kittens. Unlike oat milk or other human options, it truly resembles natural feline milk in composition.

Do cats need milk?

The short and simple answer is no, they don’t. Once kittens have been fully weaned from their mother, which usually happens somewhere between eight and 10 weeks of age, they no longer have any biological need for milk in their diet. At this stage, their digestive systems mature and adapt to process solid food, and their nutritional requirements can be fully met by eating a complete and balanced kitten food.

As for adult cats, water is the only liquid they genuinely need to stay healthy and hydrated. Despite the common image of cats happily lapping up a saucer of milk, this is more of a cultural myth than a nutritional necessity.

Many cats are actually lactose intolerant, which means that drinking cow’s milk can result in unpleasant digestive upsets such as diarrhea, bloating, or abdominal discomfort. Even specially formulated lactose-free milks or plant-based alternatives, while usually safer for the digestive system, are not required and do not offer any significant nutritional value.

What they can do, however, is add extra calories that your cat doesn’t really need. These “hidden” calories may seem harmless, but over time they can contribute to gradual weight gain.

Obesity is unfortunately one of the most common health issues I see in practice, and it can lead to serious secondary problems such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease. For that reason, it’s far better to stick with fresh water as the only drink your cat has access to, and keep milk – of any kind – off the menu. Learning how to tell if your cat is obese is a key skill for any owner.

While cats can drink oat milk in small quantities, it adds no real nutritional benefit and is best treated as an occasional novelty – not a regular part of their diet.

Your cat’s hydration and health are best supported by fresh water, a balanced feline diet, and occasionally, a specially formulated cat milk treat. If you're curious to explore more safe feeding habits or treat ideas, make sure to read up on foods your cat shouldn't eat for more insight.

Read next: Should cats drink milk and should kittens drink milk?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Pica in cats is a surprisingly common, yet often misunderstood, condition where our feline friends develop a tendency to eat non-food items. As a small animal vet with 14 years of experience, I’ve seen my fair share of cats nibbling on weird and wonderful things, including wool, plastic, cardboard, and even shoelaces!

While it might seem quirky or amusing at first, pica can be a serious concern – both from a medical and behavioral point of view. Many owners are unaware their cat has pica until something goes wrong – this could be a blockage, persistent vomiting, or a mysterious disappearance of socks.

Over the years, I’ve had numerous cases come through the consult room door with cats needing x-rays, endoscopy, or even surgery after swallowing something they shouldn’t have. Understanding pica early can make all the difference when it comes to preventing complications.

What is pica in cats?

Pica is the term used to describe the act of eating non-food substances. In cats, this can include a wide variety of materials – from fabric, wool, and plastic to rubber bands, string, paper, and even cat litter. The key difference between pica and normal chewing is ingestion – it’s not just a bit of playful mouthing; cats with pica actively eat these inappropriate items.

This behavior is not limited to kittens, although it often begins when cats are young. It can persist into adulthood and may escalate if not addressed. Some breeds, like the Siamese, seem more predisposed, possibly due to their inquisitive and intelligent nature.

It’s important to note that pica isn’t just “bad behavior.” It can be a sign of an underlying medical, dietary, or psychological issue – and it’s something that needs veterinary attention.

Symptoms of pica in cats

The symptoms of pica can vary depending on what your cat is eating, how often they do it, and whether it’s causing secondary health problems. Look out for the following:

• Chewing or swallowing non-food items (e.g. wool, plastic bags, cardboard, cables)
• Frequent vomiting – especially if non-digestible items are present
• Lethargy or loss of appetite – signs of a possible blockage
• Changes in bowel movements – diarrhea, constipation, or no feces at all
• Abdominal pain or sensitivity
• Unusual interest in specific materials – seeking out and repeatedly chewing one type of object
• Pica behavior triggered by stress - for example, moving house, new pets, or changes in routine

If your cat is showing any of these signs, particularly if they are eating foreign objects or displaying gastrointestinal symptoms, it’s time to get in contact with your vet. Make sure to read up on the important health symptoms you shouldn’t ignore so that you are aware of what to look out for.

Causes of pica in cats

Pica in cats can have a wide range of causes – both physical and psychological. Here are the most common:

• Nutritional deficiencies: Some cats may instinctively try to make up for missing nutrients by eating strange items. A poor-quality diet or unbalanced homemade food can be to blame. Read our top tips on how to improve your cat’s diet.
• Medical issues: Conditions like anemia, gastrointestinal disease (such as inflammatory bowel disease or parasites), or dental disease may lead to pica.
• Genetics: Certain breeds are more prone to pica. Siamese and Burmese cats are classic examples.
• Early weaning: Kittens taken away from their mother too early may develop wool-sucking or fabric-chewing behaviors that evolve into pica.
• Stress or anxiety: Major life changes causing stress, boredom, or lack of environmental enrichment, can trigger compulsive behaviors, including pica.
• Attention-seeking: If a cat learns that eating odd things gets a strong reaction from their owner, it may repeat the behavior.
• Compulsive disorder: In rare cases, pica may form part of a feline compulsive behavior condition, similar to OCD in humans.

Getting to the root cause is vital, and often requires a combination of physical examination, lab tests, and a thorough behavioural history.

How do you treat pica in cats?

Treatment for pica in cats will depend entirely on the underlying cause, but here are the key strategies:

• Veterinary assessment: This should always be the first step. Your vet may suggest blood tests, fecal analysis, x-rays, or an ultrasound to rule out physical causes like anemia, parasites, or blockages.
• Dietary review: Ensure your cat is on a complete, balanced diet appropriate for their age and health status. Your vet or a qualified pet nutritionist can help.
• Environmental enrichment: Boredom is a common trigger for pica. Make sure you are providing lots of interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and high spaces to climb and explore. Make sure to schedule lots of regular play sessions to give your cat focused attention.
• Stress reduction: If your cat’s behavior is linked to anxiety, pheromone diffusers (like this one from Amazon), safe hiding spots, and routine-building can help. In some cases, anti-anxiety medication prescribed by a vet may be needed.
• Remove temptation: Keep objects your cat is drawn to out of reach. This includes string, hair ties, plastic bags, electrical cords, and fabric items. Use child locks or storage boxes if needed.
• Positive reinforcement: Never punish a cat for pica. Instead, reward alternative behaviors like playing or using a scratching post.
• Referral to a behaviorist: If your cat’s pica is severe or doesn’t respond to basic management, a referral to a veterinary behaviorist may be the next step.

Prevention is key, and early intervention can stop the behaviour from becoming a long-term habit.

Is pica fatal in cats?

Pica in cats isn’t always life-threatening – but it definitely can be. The main danger is that your cat could ingest something that causes a gastrointestinal blockage, which can be fatal without prompt surgery. I’ve seen cats require emergency procedures after swallowing things like hair bands, ribbon, string, and even chunks of rubber matting.

Other risks include choking, toxic exposure (if they chew on harmful materials), and damage to the teeth or digestive tract. Chronic pica can also be distressing for owners and lead to strained relationships with their pets if the behavior isn’t understood.

If your cat has already swallowed something they shouldn’t have – particularly string-like items – do not try to pull it out. Instead, contact your vet immediately. These cases are classed as emergencies. In milder cases, pica can be managed successfully with lifestyle changes, behavioral support, and close monitoring. The sooner it’s addressed, the better the outcome for your cat.

Pica in cats is more than just a quirky habit – it’s a complex behavior that often stems from medical, dietary, or emotional needs. With the right diagnosis and support, many cats can overcome or manage their pica safely. If you suspect your cat may be displaying signs of pica, don’t ignore it – speak to your vet and take action early.

A little awareness goes a long way when it comes to protecting your curious cat from their own mischievous appetite.

Read next: Weird cat behaviors explained and why cats eat hair

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Usually, we think of dogs as being the pets who have jobs, but cats can make some really important contributions, too.

One feline in particular deserves all of the best cat treats after helping scientists discover a new virus strain. It’s the second time that seven-year-old Pepper has done so, thanks to the black shorthair’s habit of dropping his prey off on the front mat of his home.

His cat dad is John Lednicky, a virologist at the University of Florida, who brings the carcasses to his lab. Recently, Pepper gifted Lednicky a chewed-up Everglades short-tailed shrew. Lednicky took it to his lab in Gainesville, and he found out with his team that the shrew was carrying a mutated new strain of orthoreovirus.

This virus is usually found in bats, deer, lions, and monkeys, and can jump between species.

“We wouldn’t have found it without him,” Lednicky said, via the New York Post. The Gainesville shrew mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 strain UF-1 was detected and extracted by PhD student Emily DeRuyter, who co-authored the study.

“I wish I could put [Pepper] as a co-author,” joked Lednicky.

When the virus infects humans, it’s usually mild or symptomless, but it has contributed to rare cases of meningitis, encephalitis, and gastroenteritis in children. Because orthoreoviruses are quite understudied, however, researchers aren’t quite sure about the spread and severity.

“We don’t know enough about this strain to say that it would be a risk to anyone yet,” said DeRuyter, explaining that it most often causes problems in people with weakened immune systems.

Last year, the clever cat helped uncover a novel jeilongvirus, a rare virus found in rodents that can affect multiple species and was the first of its nature to be found in the UK, when he brought his dad a dead mouse.

The team grew the virus in the lab, giving them the opportunity to examine its traits. “Ideally, animal studies would be done to determine whether the virus causes illness in rodents and other small animals,” said Lednicky at the time. “Eventually, we need to determine if it has affected humans in Gainesville and the rest of Florida.”

Fortunately, Pepper didn’t seem to have been affected by his involvement with the mouse.

“Cats, in general, evolved to eat rodents, and are not sickened by the viruses carried by rodents,” said Lednicky at the time, “But we have to do tests to see whether the virus affects pets, and humans.”

Read next: Why do cats play with their prey? And, should you intervene if your cat catches a mouse?

Want to check out the most stunning black cat breeds? This is the place for you – we've rounded up eight breeds that are downright beautiful, and can be celebrated on National Black Cat day, too.

Black cat breeds

1. Bombay

Bombay cats are often called 'Velcro cats' as they love nothing more than being close to their pet parents. This is a very intelligent breed and will need plenty of mental stimulation to keep from getting bored – think puzzle feeders and interactive cat toys.

This is a generally healthy breed and doesn't require a lot in terms of exercise. Around 30 minutes daily will be enough, which can be broken up into short sessions throughout the day. Interestingly, the Bombay is the only cat breed that is always black – and they are also one of the rarest cat breeds.

2. British Shorthair

British Shorthairs are friendly and affectionate cats. They are a very independent cat breed and have a laid-back attitude. These cats have thick, dense coats that need weekly grooming to keep mats away.

If you're thinking of getting a British Shorthair, you'll need to set aside $1,500-3,000 and know that they are one of the most popular breeds in the US.

3. Persian

Persian cats are not just gorgeous felines but make excellent companions. You'll never run out of reasons to love Persians, but one of our favorites is their super sweet and loving nature. They enjoy spending time close to their pet parents and are always up for a snuggle session.

Persians can live between 12-15 years, making them one of the longest living cat breeds. They can be prone to some health issues, and they are a brachyephalic breed, which can cause problems with breathing.

4. Maine Coon

Maine Coons are one of the largest cat breeds. These giants can weigh between 18–22lbs and are around 4ft long. But don't be intimidated by their size, they are the gentle giants of the cat world.

They have a very sweet disposition and are extremely friendly cats. Due to this, they are one of the best cat breeds for families. Maine Coons are adventurous cats, so they will need around 30 minutes of playtime each day.

5. Scottish Fold

Scottish Folds are some of the most popular breeds around. Just ask Taylor Swift, who is cat mom to two Scottish Folds. One surprising fact about Scottish Fold cats, is that not all kittens are born with characteristic folded ears. Only about 50% of kittens are born with this mutation.

These cats bond closely with their pet parents, and one of the cat breeds most likely to suffer from separation anxiety. So be prepared to spend plenty of quality time with them. If you think your cat is struggling with separation anxiety, be sure to check out our vet's guide on how to help them through it.

6. Devon Rex

One of the most playful cat breeds around, the Devon Rex has endless bounds of energy. You will definitely need to stock up on plenty of cat toys, scratching posts, and cat trees to keep them busy.

If you're looking for a low-maintenance cat, then this is a breed worth considering. They require minimal grooming, thanks to their curly coats, and are happy to play by themselves or with their pet parents.

Devon Rex cats are often confused with the Cornish Rex, but if you take a close look at their features, you'll see that the Devon Rex has a more elf-like appearance.

7. Cornish Rex

Cornish Rex cats are another curly haired breed that need minimum grooming. They are striking in looks and even more high energy than the Devon Rex. They are very athletic cats and are known for being able to jump up to eight feet high.

Another interesting fact about the Cornish Rex is that they are one of the cat breeds that like water, so don't be surprised if you find them trying to splash around in the bath with you.

Their love for adventure doesn't end with water. This breed loves being outdoors. So it may be worth installing an outdoor cat enclosure so they can enjoy the outdoors safely.

8. Sphynx

One of the most unusual-looking cat breeds is the sphynx cat. This hairless cat is a fan among allergy sufferers, as it's considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

One thing you need to know about Sphynx cats is that they love being the center of attention. They have some of the biggest meows around and are not afraid of being vocal.

This breed is also highly intelligent, so it will need plenty of mental stimulation to keep it from getting bored.

Enjoyed this feature? Check out white cat breeds that will melt your heart

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Originating from Burma, which is now known as Myanmar, the silky soft Burmese cat resulted from a cross between a female cat named Wong Mau and an American Siamese.

Dating back to the 1930s, most Burmese cats tend to be brown or chocolate brown in color (although you can find them in blue, red and two-tone variations) and despite the difference in their coloring, a Burmese is most often likened to a Bombay – and for good reason. Along with sharing dog-like tendencies, being very vocal and playful, just like a Bombay, a Burmese is also a very affectionate and attention-demanding family cat.

Of course, choosing a new furry family member is no mean feat. To help you understand this breed and find more information about their personality, traits and grooming needs, we spoke to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillian.

Are Burmese Cats hypoallergenic?

According to Dr MacMillan, Burmese cats are labelled as hypoallergenic because they are thought to produce lower levels of ‘Fel D1’ than other breeds of cats. This is the protein in a cat’s saliva and urine that triggers allergies in those susceptible to reactions.

“They also shed less hair than other breeds, meaning less of the protein gets into the environment,” Dr MacMillan adds. “However, this doesn’t mean that they don’t shed altogether, and sensitive allergy sufferers could still be affected.”

Therefore, if you are allergy-prone and thinking of adopting a Burmese, it’s well worth spending some time around this cat to see whether this breed triggers your allergies. For more information on hypoallergenic cat breeds for allergy sufferers, we’ve pulled together an expert-led guide. We’ve also compiled a list of the non-shedding cats.

If you’re unsure if you’re allergic to cats, these are the symptoms to look out for.

How long do Burmese cats live?

How long a cat lives for will depend on a variety of factors. For example, the breed and environment are just two components that will affect their lifespan.

That said, in general, the average life expectancy of a crossbreed cat is around 14 years. While purebred cats live shorter lives, with an average of 12.5 years.

Burmese cats are a crossbreed, and they are considered a healthy breed. Therefore, with the right care, they can live for anywhere between 15 to 20 years, which makes them one of the longest living cat breeds.

“Some may even go into their 20s,” explains Dr MacMillian.

Are Burmese cats friendly?

Yes! These lovable creatures are one of the friendliest cat breeds you’ll come across. Always up for a cuddle (or three!), Burmese cats are people purrr-sons who will want to spend as much time with their owners as possible.

“These cats are known for their friendly and affectionate natures,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “They are very sociable and can even be trained to do simple tricks,” the vet adds. “Their easy-going nature means that they often get along with other pets and children, provided they have had the right socialization and introductions.”

At first, figuring out how to socialize a kitten may feel daunting. But the process isn’t as complicated as it might seem. Plus, it will help your kitty master the skills and behaviors they need to thrive.

How much grooming does a Burmese cat need?

These short-haired cats have sleek coats that are relatively easy to care for.

“Brushing them once a week should be enough to keep their coat in order,” Dr MacMillan says.

How much exercise does a Burmese cat need?

A Burmese kitty is classed as a high-energy breed that will want to play with you all the time. So you’ll want to learn how to play with a cat if you’re adopting this breed, as they will thrive off playing with their humans.

Exercise-wise, a Burmese cat will need at least 30 minutes of exercise per day, which can be broken down into shorter play sessions.

“These cats are quite energetic and playful,” explains Dr MacMillan. “So make sure to provide them with plenty of toys and climbing options.”

For example, the best cat toys are real boredom busters and will keep your Burmese mentally stimulated and physically fit. While the best automated cat toys will give your kitty something to play with even if you’re not around.

And for cats who love to climb – like the Burmese – the best cat trees will help your kitty survey the world up high.

Burmese cat health problems

Despite a Burmese cat having a long lifespan, Dr MacMillan says that this breed is susceptible to diabetes.

To prevent this from happening, Dr MacMillan advises: “Maintaining a healthy body weight and encouraging physical activity will help to reduce the risk of their Burmese developing this problem.”

It’s also worth watching out for the signs of diabetes in cats, which include increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and muscle weakness.

“If an owner notices these signs, then they should take their cat to be checked over by a vet as soon as possible,” the vet adds.

Calcium oxalate bladder stones are another health problem that can occur in some Burmese cats, which could require surgery and a change of diet to resolve.

“To help prevent bladder stones, owners should encourage increased water intake by feeding a wet diet, adding water to their existing food, providing plenty of water bowls, or considering the use of a cat drinking fountain,” the veterinarian adds.

How much does a Burmese cat cost?

How much you pay out for a Burmese will depend on a few things. For example, the state you’re in and the breeder you choose will all hinge on how much your kitty will cost.

But generally speaking, an average Burmese cat can cost anywhere between $600–1,000, which makes them a relatively affordable kitty that's similar in price to a Burmilla and Cornish Rex cat, but much cheaper than a Bombay.

Should I get a Burmese cat?

This depends on a few things. For starters, Burmese cats are highly sociable creatures who thrive when they’re in human company. So they wouldn’t like being left alone for long periods of time – Burmese cats are best suited to owners who are around a lot.

“A family or owner that could spend plenty of time playing and training their cat would be ideal,” highlights Dr MacMillan. “Because these cats thrive on companionship, some can develop separation anxiety when they do have to be left on their own.”

Of course, no cat owner would be expected to wait hand and foot on their feline for 24 hours a day. So if you are prone to nipping in and out of the house, puzzle feeders and toys are a great way to keep these cats busy while you are gone.

According to Dr MacMillan, a Burmese cat could also be suitable for homes that are wishing for two fur friends.

“Potential owners could also consider adopting two kittens that grow up together,” the vet adds.

Read next: Reasons to love Burmese cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Every pet parent wants to keep their children safe, and that’s no different wherever you are in the world.

Whether you’re looking for the best dog leashes or the right food for your cat, health and safety are always at the forefront of our minds.

And over in the Netherlands, the city of Amsterdam is taking measures to help cats stay safe in the water, spending up to €100,000 ($116,000) on the installation of steps along its canals.

It’s hoped that the wooden staircases will help cats and other animals avoid drowning in places where there are high walls, after animal welfare organization Dierenambulance Amsterdam reported that 19 cats have drowned in the city’s canals in the last six months, including six right in the city center.

Judith Krom from the Party for the Animals (PvdD) suggested that the city put an unused fund of €100,000 in its biodiversity plan toward the steps. And, on July 10, the Amsterdam City Council voted in favor of the proposal.

Zita Pels, councillor for animal welfare, supported the motion already, but funding was lacking until authorities decided to put the unused €100,000 toward it.

“A simple measure can prevent enormous animal suffering,” said Krom. “The adopted motion demonstrates that as a city, we take responsibility for protecting the lives of animals.”

The council will work with Dierenambulance to highlight areas where cats are most likely to drown, and steps will be installed at these locations later on in the year.

It’s not just Amsterdam that’s aiming to keep animals safe around canals, however. The nearby city of Amersfoot announced in June that 300 cat traps along its quays and canal are to be constructed later on in the year. Councillor Johnas van Lammeren said: “Unfortunately, animals that end up in water in areas with high quays or quay walls can't get out and drown.

“Together with the animal ambulance, a research agency, and residents from Vathorst and other areas, we've mapped out where cat traps are needed. We'll be installing hundreds of them in the coming period, preventing a great deal of animal suffering.”

Read next: Why do cats hate water? Or find out which cat breeds like water

As a vet and lifelong cat lover, I’ve had my fair share of puzzling consults, but one question that pops up more often than you’d think is: Why is my cat eating litter? It’s certainly not the most appetizing snack, but there are several reasons why cats may show interest in consuming the best cat litter – and many of them may need to be addressed promptly.

In some cases, litter eating can be a harmless exploratory behavior, especially in kittens. But for adult cats, it’s more likely to point to a nutritional deficiency, stress, or even an underlying medical condition like anemia or gastrointestinal disease. It's important for pet parents to understand the “why” behind this odd behavior – and know when it’s time to call the vet.

In this guide, I’ll walk you through the most common causes, potential health risks, and practical ways to stop your feline from snacking on something they really shouldn’t be.

Why is my cat eating litter?

If your cat is eating litter, there are several possible explanations. Some are relatively harmless, while others can be a red flag for something more serious. Here’s what might be going on:

1. Curiosity or exploratory behavior: Kittens, in particular, use their mouths to explore the world, much like human babies. It’s not uncommon for them to nibble at their litter as part of this phase. Usually, they grow out of it once they understand it’s not food.

2. Anemia: One of the more serious causes of litter eating is anemia. When a cat has low levels of red blood cells, they can display unusual behaviors, including eating non-food items – a condition known as pica. If your cat is lethargic, has pale gums, and is showing a sudden interest in eating litter, get them checked out promptly.

3. Nutritional deficiencies: Cats who are missing essential nutrients in their diet, especially minerals like iron, may turn to litter in an attempt to compensate. This is more likely if your cat is on a poorly balanced homemade diet or a low-quality commercial food.

4. Stress or anxiety: Behavioral issues can also be a cause. Stress and anxiety from a recent move, new pets in the home, or changes to their routine may cause some cats to develop compulsive behaviors, including eating litter. Environmental enrichment and routine are key here.

5. Underlying medical conditions: Sometimes, cats with gastrointestinal disorders, chronic kidney disease, or even diabetes may start exhibiting unusual eating habits. It’s important to rule out any medical causes, especially if this is new behavior in an adult cat.

6. Inappropriate litter type: Some types of cat litter are made from materials that actually smell or taste vaguely edible, such as corn, wheat, or walnut-based litters. While these are often marketed as eco-friendly, some cats may mistake them for food.

What happens if my cat eats litter?

Whether your cat eats litter once or repeatedly, there may be health consequences, and some are serious. Clumping clay litter is particularly risky, as it can expand and cause blockages in the intestines, leading to vomiting, constipation, or even life-threatening obstruction. Silica-based litters can cause irritation or dehydration, while natural litters may ferment in the gut.

Even small amounts ingested over time can build up and cause chronic GI issues. If you see your cat eating litter regularly or showing signs like vomiting, lethargy, not eating, or changes in bowel movements, it’s time to visit your vet. A simple blood test can rule out anemia, and your vet may recommend diet changes or imaging to check for blockages.

How do you stop your cat from eating cat litter?

Here are some practical steps you can take to help stop your cat from eating their litter:

1. Rule out medical issues first: Always start with a vet check to exclude anemia, nutritional deficiencies, or underlying illnesses.
2. Switch to a safer litter: Consider changing to a non-clumping, unscented, or paper-based litter that won’t cause harm if ingested.
3. Improve your cat’s diet: Make sure your cat is eating a complete and balanced diet suitable for their life stage. Your vet can help with this, and there is a lot of information available on the best cat foods to choose.
4. Provide enrichment: Offer plenty of toys, puzzles, and playtime to reduce boredom and redirect oral behaviors.
5. Address stress: Learn how to identify the signs of stress in cats and how to help them. You can use feline pheromone diffusers, make sure you provide safe hiding spots, and stick to a predictable routine to help them out.
6. Clean the litter box regularly: Keep the tray clean and fresh so your cat isn’t put off using it properly – a clean environment reduces behavioral stress. We have a helpful guide on how (and how often) to clean a litter box,

So, why is your cat eating litter? The answer could range from innocent kitten curiosity to a more serious medical condition. While the behavior can be alarming, staying calm and proactive is key. Always start by consulting your vet, rule out health concerns, and make practical changes to your cat’s litter and environment.

With the right care and a little detective work, you can help your cat kick the habit –and keep their litter tray strictly for business, not snacks.

Read next: How to get a cat use to a litter box and whether you can use sand as cat litter

Edited by Megan Milstead.

If you're thinking about bringing home a new feline friend, it's important to know the cost of owning a cat so you can budget and be prepared. Getting a pet is a huge responsibility – mentally, physically, and financially – so it's a good idea to have a clear understanding of what you're getting into.

While there are obvious things you'll need to stock up on (like food, treats, and the best cat toys), there are also some ongoing (and unexpected!) costs you might not have considered before.

With the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we've outlined everything you'll need to budget for – including upfront, ongoing, and surprise payments to be aware of.

Why is it important to know the cost of owning a cat?

Before you decide to bring home a new cat, it's important to work out a budget and determine whether you can afford all the costs involved.

Dr MacMillan says: "Unprepared owners can soon find themselves unable to afford things like routine parasite treatment or emergency vet visits. This could have some serious welfare implications for your cat. Over the years, I have seen unwanted pregnancies, household flea infestations, and untreated ailments all occur because of this.

"Sadly, some people run out of funds altogether and end up in a position where they are forced to rehome their pet. By being sensible and taking a realistic look at your finances before leaping into cat ownership, you could save yourself a lot of heartache and stress in the long run."

What is the lifetime cost of a cat?

It's impossible to give an exact lifetime cost of owning a cat, as this all depends on the breed you choose, how long they live, and the lifestyle they lead. If your pet runs into health issues during their life, things like vet bills and premium food costs can quickly add up.

After the initial expenses (outlined below), you can expect to spend anywhere between $33 and $290 per month on your cat – but it all depends on how much you're willing to spend. Keep in mind that this doesn't include unexpected costs, such as vet emergencies or pet sitters.

Initial costs of getting a cat

Unless you're looking for a specific pedigree breed, buying a cat doesn't have to be expensive – some rescue centers don't charge anything at all, while others just ask for a small adoption fee.

However, there are lots of things you'll need to buy in preparation for your cat coming home – and that's where things can get pricey.

You'll need a sturdy carrier for vet visits, a comfortable bed for them to sleep in, of of the best scratching posts to keep their claws in good condition, as well as bowls, collars, and toys. And that's all before you've had them microchipped and neutered or spayed!

Ongoing costs of having a cat

Once you've tackled those initial payments, you'll be spending monthly on things like insurance, food, and routine treatments. Cats live for around 13–20 years, so it's important to ensure you can afford those regular costs for many years to come.

Dr MacMillan says: "As well as initial costs, it is essential that you factor in the ongoing costs of owning a cat. These include routine veterinary care, such as annual booster vaccinations, anti-parasite treatment, and other check-ups.

"Many vets run pet health care plans that help owners to budget for this, as well as helping them to make some savings. Pet insurance is recommended to help cover your unexpected vet bills, but this will be another regular ongoing cost that needs to be accounted for.

"Food and kitty litter will also add up over the years, so they need to be factored in. Most owners find that toys and equipment often need replacing over time as they become worn or broken. If you like to travel or work away from home a lot then you will need to account for cattery or pet sitter fees for your cat."

Unexpected extra costs of cat ownership

Here are some unexpected costs you might not have considered:

1. Vet bills
Vet visits are inevitable for your cat, and if you want to avoid hefty bills, it's worth investing in pet insurance to help significantly reduce the cost.

Dr MacMillan says: "Insurance also allows cats to receive a higher level of care than most pet owners could otherwise afford, opening up the door to things like specialist referral treatment."

2. Behaviorist
If you struggle with cat behavioral issues, like aggression, anxiety, or litter box problems, you might have to fork out for a specialist to help.

3. Cattery or cat sitter
While cats are independent creatures and can be left longer than dogs, they still require daily care and attention, which is something to bear in mind if you like to go on vacation. You might have to pay for their stay in a cattery or a cat sitter.

4. Pet camera
If you worry about leaving your cats alone, you might want to buy one of the best pet cameras for peace of mind. This can also be helpful for checking if your cat sitter is actually coming to look after them – with their permission to film, of course.

Read next: How to be a good cat owner and things to do when preparing for a new kitten

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

As a pet parent, I often wonder what my cats think about throughout the day. What are they pondering when they rub their face on things? What’s going through their minds when they knock a vase off the edge of the table? And do they think about me when I’m not there?

Cats are confusing and mysterious creatures – one minute they're rolling around on their belly and purring as you stroke them, the next, they've got four paws wrapped around your arm with claws buried deep in your skin – so I'd love to know what really goes on in those heads of theirs.

To find out the answers, I asked Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with 16 years of experience working with cats, to see what she had to say. While we can't ever know 100% what's inside their brain, experts like her can make a pretty good educated guess!

What cats think about

1. Food and water

You could probably guess this one yourself, but Dr MacMillan explains that food and water are high up on your cat's list of thoughts, as their survival depends on them.

She says, "They are hardwired to give this some serious consideration. If your cat is bored and lacking other forms of mental stimulation, then food will dominate their thoughts even more."

So, if you've noticed your cat is overeating and you've ruled out any underlying medical conditions, investing in the best puzzle feeder is a great way to keep them occupied while satisfying their cravings.

2. Their environment

Next on the list is their environment. What place can they explore next? Where can they hide? What could they jump on? And are there any threats to be wary of? Cats are curious by nature and are always looking for ways to interact with the world around them.

She adds, "New sounds, visitors, or smells will give your cat some pause for thought and could even make them feel anxious. Cats are very territorial animals and will spend plenty of time keeping an eye on their surroundings, in between cat naps and other activities."

It's important to provide your feline with plenty of the best cat toys, ledges, scratching posts, and hiding spots to help them express these natural instincts.

3. Social interactions and play

Cats are more sociable than most people think, and a lot of the time, they'll be thinking about how to interact with you and any other pets they live with.

Dr MacMillan says, "Hopefully, these are all positive thoughts, but some cats will suffer from stress and anxiety when introductions haven’t been smooth. Cats soon learn to seek you out for play and a fuss, so they might be thinking about this and contemplating their next move."

When it comes to play, your cat needs around an hour every day, but you can break this up into smaller sessions to make it more manageable. Lots of pet parents find the best automated cat toys helpful for when they're not around the house.

While humans often dwell on the past, cats are excellent at living in the moment and are most interested in what’s happening now. That being said, Dr MacMillan says they have pretty good memories!

She adds: "Don’t forget that cats also sleep a fair amount, so catnaps will help to break up their day, giving their busy brains a rest."

Read next: Signs your cat is happy and do cats think humans are cats?

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Cats love nothing more than basking in the sun, but unfortunately, they can still overheat. While they are generally less prone to heatstroke than dogs, it's still important to be aware of the signs and put preventative measures in place.

Below, you'll find five easy ways to keep your cat cool in the summer, recommended by Dr Joanna Woodnutt, who has nine years of experience as a qualified vet. While these are great steps to help prevent overheating, you'll need to take further action if your cat shows signs of heat exhaustion or heatstroke.

It can be helpful to invest in products like pet cooling mats that significantly reduce your cat's body temperature, but that doesn't mean you have to spend a fortune – many of these ideas use things you already have around the house.

How to cool down your cat

1. Ice cubes

One of the easiest ways to cool down your cat is by putting a few ice cubes in their water bowl (which will also encourage them to drink and paw at them out of curiosity). You'll save money in the long run by making your own using molds – just remember to fill them up the night before the heatwave hits!

2. Freeze cat treats

If you're struggling to get your cat to touch their water bowl, you could freeze their treats for a little extra encouragement. This only works with purée-style snacks, and it's worth double-checking whether they're suitable for freezing before offering them to your feline.

3. Make frozen treats

If your regular treats aren't freezable, and you don't fancy splashing out on any new ones, you could always make some homemade popsicles using ingredients you already have in your cupboards. Mix drained tuna (in spring water, not brine) with a splash of water in a tray or mold, freeze, and serve!

4. Cooling mat

While you should never wrap your pet in a wet towel, you could offer a frozen one on the floor that they might like to lie on – or, even better, use a pet-specific cooling mat.

5. Use a fan

If you don’t have air conditioning at home, using a fan is a great alternative. You don't need to splash out on a standing one either – I've seen some budget-friendly handheld models for under $10 on Amazon, which work great for humans too. Your cat probably won't appreciate a strong gust of wind in their face, so start at a distance to help them get used to the sound and sensation.

Signs your cat is too hot

If your cat has heat exhaustion, they might show the following signs:

• Lethargy
• Drinking more
• Hiding away
• Seeking shade/cool areas

In this situation, you need to try to cool them down before it develops into heatstroke. If your cat has heatstroke, they might show these signs:

• Glazed
• Wobbly
• Vomiting
• Seizures
• Panting
• Drooling
• Sweaty feet
• Diarrhea

This is an emergency, and you will need to soak their fur thoroughly with water, keep them in a cool room next to a fan or air conditioning, and call your vet to let them know you're on the way.

Read next: Dehydration in cats and what cats should drink

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

If you have an indoor cat but still want them to experience the great outdoors to some degree, then setting up a catio is a brilliant idea that offers them the best of both worlds.

A catio – a combination of the words cat and patio – is an enclosed outdoor space where your feline can roam around safely. These are usually extended onto the side of your home or built on a section of a balcony, and are connected via a cat tunnel or a special door. You might also want to consider one of the best outdoor cat enclosures, which stand separately in your yard.

If you're new to the world of catios and need some inspiration on what to put inside (and where you can buy them in the first place), we've created a checklist for you to follow below – and asked vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan for her top tips.

Where can I buy a catio?

While many pet parents choose to build a catio themselves, you can also buy one pre-made if you don't fancy a new DIY project. When it comes to choosing your catio, you'll want to ensure it's made from sturdy, weatherproof materials and features a secure latch and ground base to prevent any escapes.

What should I put inside my catio?

1. Grass

Whether it's a carpet of grass or a planter, your cat will appreciate having a bit of greenery in their catio for sniffing, lying on, or chewing.

2. Bed

A catio should be a safe haven for your feline to relax and unwind, so having one of the best cat beds inside is a no-brainer – or you might even decide to install a cat hammock if they prefer to perch up high. When it gets cold in the winter, we recommend placing a heated pet pad (like this one from Amazon) on of their ledges.

3. Scratching pad

Scratching pads are essential for keeping your cat's claws in tip-top condition and releasing pent-up stress, so it makes sense to have some in their new little space. While you won't be able to fit a full-sized scratching post, you can buy pads that stick to the wall and won't take up any room at all.

4. Toys

Since your catio is limited on space (and the last thing you want is to clutter it with loads of stuff), you'll need to be clever when it comes to choosing the best cat toys. We'd recommend a hanging spring they can paw at from the ground, or a puzzle feeder (like this one from Amazon) that won't take up much room.

5. Water bowl or fountain

Whether your cat is basking in the sun or jumping between perches, they'll need access to fresh water to stay hydrated – so be sure to include a bowl inside their catio if you have enough room. If space permits, you might want to use one of the best pet water fountains to ensure it always stays clean and filtered.

6. Climbing structures

While most large catios come with built-in climbing structures, you might need to add these in yourself – they’re great for encouraging exercise and exploration.

Catio tips

Here are some of our top tips for installing a catio, including advice from Dr MacMillan:

✅Give your feline friend as much usable space as possible
✅Put a chair inside if you can
✅Choose a sturdy, high-quality catio
✅Choose a level foundation to put it on
✅Ensure it's escape-proof and predator-proof
✅Provide your cat with both shade and sunny spots
✅Make it accessible to enter and exit
✅ Check regulations before building

Read next: Best outdoor cat houses or creative catio ideas

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Two things we know about cats are that they’re pretty intelligent and that they’re creatures of habit and routine.

Despite their love for routine, cats can often be curious, too. It’s partly because they’re so smart, but also because curiosity would help them hide from predators and catch prey in the wild, or the best cat treats when hidden at home. But, maybe cats aren’t quite as curious as we thought.

That’s if a new study from the University of Sussex is anything to go by. The research, published in the journal PLOS One earlier this month, found that cats don’t track objects once they’re out of sight, unlike dogs, apes, and human infants.

Researchers wanted to find out whether cats would demonstrate level 6 object permanence. In other words, the understanding that objects still exist even if they’re moved out of sight in a way that isn’t directly observed. They expected that cats would, given their curiosity and hunting behaviors, but that wasn’t the case (nevertheless, you can find out if cats are smarter than dogs here!).

In the experiment, a toy was hidden and then revealed in either the original location or an unexpected one. Researchers used two boxes, obscuring and moving them before either swapping them (a violation event) or returning them to their original places (expected event).

Surprisingly, the cats showed more interest when the toy was revealed in the original location. Cats were more likely to play with the toy when it reappeared in the original location. And, they looked at the toy for longer when expected events occurred before violation events.

"Cats were able to discriminate between expected and unexpected events, but in the opposite direction of what our existing knowledge in infants and dogs would otherwise suggest,” explained Jemma Forman, Doctoral Researcher at the University of Sussex. “These findings support the movement towards cat-friendly methods of research to better understand what our feline friends are thinking.”

Study co-author Jordan S Rowe added: “Cats can exhibit avoidant or hesitant behaviour around unfamiliar humans, which can affect their engagement in cognitive tasks. Here, we found that cats were more likely to play with the toy, but less likely to interact with the boxes, when events were presented by a stranger rather than their owner. These findings suggest that cats still show a general interest in cognitive tasks, but display complex behaviours in the presence of an unfamiliar person."

Interestingly, certain cats – female, indoor-only, and mixed-breed cats, as well as those from multi-cat households – were more likely to show interest in the toy.

The researchers told PetsRadar that no “solid conclusions” can be drawn as to why yet, but that indoor-only cats may have been more interested if they’re more used to toys being an enrichment activity, as opposed to cats with outdoor access who have additional enrichment from the outside.

“Because we had unexpectedly found that cats were more interested in consistent events [rather than violation events], Researchers surprised to find cats engage more with predictable than surprise events, and seek further investigation for the reasons why this was the case for our sample of cats,” they added. “The large amount of research into object permanence would suggest that cats should have been more interested in violation events [instead of consistent events]. From the results of our study, we would suggest that this points to a motivational explanation instead of a cognitive explanation.”

Read next: 13 fun cat brain facts that will blow your mind

Here’s a question for you: what do an American Curl cat and the fictional character Peter Pan have in common? A playful persona and kid-like energy, of course!

The charming American Curl scoops the top spot when it comes to the high-energy cat breeds that will want to play with you all the time. The youthful breed retains its kitten-like energy well into adulthood which means they make for a fabulous cat for families, lively homes, and pet parents who have plenty of time for play.

Aside from its friendly disposition, this hugely affectionate cat is perhaps best known and characterized by its unusual ears that fold backward and impressive walnut-shaped eyes that are hard to say no to! Of course, deciding between what cat is right for your home is no easy task. Which is why we've roped in the help of vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who has shared the grooming needs, exercise requirements and more about this breed.

Are American Curl cats hypoallergenic?

No, American Curl cats are not a hypoallergenic breed. Explaining why, Dr MacMillan says: “They produce the same triggering Fel d1 protein that other cat breeds do, so it is likely they will cause a reaction in people with allergies.”

However, if you are in an allergy-prone household (or don’t want to be picking up fur after your cat all the time), these cats aren't classed as non-shedding cats, but they are only light to moderate shedders, which may be helpful for those who are hypersensitive to allergens.

Are American Curl cats rare?

As a relatively new cat breed, the American Curl is considered to be rare.

“The American Curl first appeared in the 1980s, so there are relatively few breeders around compared to other long-standing breeds,” recalls Dr MacMillan.

“Kittens are born with straight ears that then start to curl back within a few weeks. There is no guarantee how many kittens will be born with the curled ear trait within each litter, further adding to the rareness of the breed,” the vet explains.

Are American Curl cats ethical?

Well, according to Dr MacMillan, the curled ears originally came from a natural mutation in one cat, and there has since been a diverse gene pool involved in the selective breeding process.

“This has created a relatively healthy cat with no known breed-linked health issues,” the expert says. “This is definitely a good thing, especially compared to many pedigrees out there.”

However, Dr MacMillan does still question the ethics of whether or not these cats have communication issues due to their curled ears.

“Cats use facial expressions, including flattening the ears against the head, to show their feelings to others,” Dr MacMillan says. “So, with their unusual anatomy, these cats may not be able to signal as well as they would like. The curled ear is a human style choice, rather than being a functional feature for the cat.”

The American Curl isn’t the first cat to have curled or folded ears. One of the most famous examples of cats with curled ears include the Scottish Fold, which is often loved by the masses (Taylor Swift included) but it does come with some ethical concerns. At present, the British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) and International Cat Care consider the breeding of Scottish Folds as 'unethical' and are currently raising awareness of Scottish Fold suffering.

But that said, according to The Cat Fanciers’ Association, to date, no breed-linked health issues have come to light regarding the American Curl.

How much grooming does an American Curl cat need?

American Curls can be either short-haired or long-haired.

“The long-haired variety will need brushing two to three times a week to keep tangles and mats at bay, whereas once a week should be fine for the short-haired variety,” confirms Dr MacMillan.

Therefore, no matter whether you’re thinking of adopting a short-haired or long-haired variety, it’s well worth buying one of the best cat brushes to keep their coat in top condition and to help prevent any mats from developing.

How much exercise does an American Curl cat need?

American Curls are playful and active, but this kitty doesn’t have a never-ending battery.

Therefore, “Like most cats they will need at least 30 minutes of activity each day to keep them happy,” Dr MacMillan says.

American Curl health problems

Now, for the good news: the American Curl isn’t prone to any specific genetic disorders, and they are a relatively healthy cat breed.

“Like all cats though, there is always the chance of developing a general health complaint such as a heart murmur, kidney disease, obesity, or dental disease,” Dr MacMillan highlights.

“Regular check-ups, a good diet, and preventative oral care will help to keep some of these issues in check,” she says.

However, due to their defining curled feature, American curls can develop issues with their ears.

“Their unique anatomy means that they were born with narrow ear canals that are more prone to wax buildup and ear infections,” the vet says. “Owners should keep a close eye on their pet’s ears and seek help if they notice any redness, increased scratching, or odor.”

How much does an American Curl cost?

Due to their rare nature, an American Curl cat is on the pricer side, with figures starting at around $1,200 and heading up to $3,000.

This makes them one of the most expensive cat breeds, just like the Korat, Selkirk Rex and Abyssinian.

Should I get an American Curl?

If you’ve got kids, or a lively home, the American Curl would fit right in.

“They retain their playful kitten ways for many years and get on well with children,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “They will often follow their favorite family member around!”

The American Curl is described as ‘dog-like’ due to their affectionate and friendly nature, so this can be one of the best cat breeds for dog owners.

"They are adaptable and would be fine in most households, provided they are not left alone for long periods," the vet adds.

So, if you are away from home a lot, then this isn’t the cat breed for you. That’s because they form strong bonds with their owner and can suffer from separation anxiety if parted for too long.

Read next: American Shorthair breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Getting a new cat or kitten is a very exciting time, but there are lots of things you'll need to buy ahead of their arrival – including the best cat food, a selection of toys, and a comfortable bed to sleep in.

When bringing home a new kitten, it's not just material items to prepare; you'll also need to consider whether they'll be an indoor or outdoor cat (and kitten-proof your house and yard accordingly), register them with your local vet, and make your home a safe space for them to explore.

We know there's a lot to remember, so to help you out, we've created a simple checklist for you to follow below, which includes our top product recommendations (many of which have been tested by the PetsRadar team). The cost of owning a cat can soon add up, so we've included budget-friendly options that won't break the bank.

Checklist for new cat owners

1. Food

There are pros and cons to both dry and wet food, but most vets recommend introducing both to your cat from an early age to get them used to it. However, if your kitten is particularly young, it's best to wean them onto a pâté first, which helps keep them hydrated and is easier to chew.

2. Bowls

Once you've chosen the best wet or dry food option, you'll need something to serve it in – and we'd recommend one of the best anti-vomit bowls, which reduce neck strain and may even aid digestion.

3. Bed

Felines sleep for around 15 hours a day, so they'll need one of the best cat beds or hammocks to snuggle into. Once you've got to know your kitty a little better, you'll be able to choose the best spot to place it – whether that's up high by the window or tucked in the corner of a quiet, secluded room.

4. Litter box and litter

If you decide to keep your feline indoors, you'll need one of the best cat litter boxes, along with the best cat litter to go inside. We'd recommend a clumping option, as it's easier to clean (like this one from Amazon), but if you really hate the idea of scooping poop altogether, you could splash out on an automatic litter box instead.

5. Scratching post and tower

Scratching does wonders for your cat’s mental and physical health – helping reduce stress and anxiety while keeping their claws in tip-top condition. Being up high also helps them feel safe, so your cat will thank you for having one of the best scratching trees that combines the two!

6. Collar with ID tag

If your cat ever goes missing, wearing a collar with an ID tag will massively increase the chances of being reunited. We recommend choosing one with a quick-release design to prevent it from getting caught on branches and posing a strangulation risk, as well as a reflective finish for added safety at night.

7. Carrier

Even if you don't plan on taking your new pet out of the house on day trips, you're going to need the best cat carrier for vet visits and for collecting them from the rescue center or breeder.

According to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, most cats prefer covered designs, which help them feel protected from threats and muffle the sound of scary noises. We'd recommend choosing one with multiple entry points, as this will make it much easier to get them out during vet appointments.

8. Grooming tools

If you don’t keep on top of regular grooming sessions using the best cat brushes, their fur can quickly become tangled and matted, which may even lead to skin problems in the future.

Brushing your cat is also a great opportunity to spot issues like wounds or lumps, helping you monitor any health problems that might need treatment.

9. Pet toothbrush and toothpaste (yes, really!)

This might come as a surprise, but cats need their teeth brushed too – and you’ll need a pet-specific brush and toothpaste to help them maintain good dental hygiene. If you need advice on how to brush a cat’s teeth (without being attacked!), we have a helpful guide that you can follow.

10. Toys

The benefits of cat play are endless – not only does it encourage physical activity to keep them fit and active, but it also lets them act out natural instincts like hunting (without actually killing anything).

It's also one of the easiest ways to prevent boredom, which, in turn, helps avoid destructive behavior.

11. Medication

While your vet can suggest and prescribe any necessary medication, you can buy the best flea treatments over the counter to keep your cat protected from pesky insects.

12. Treats

When it comes to training, having some of the best cat treats on hand will go a long way. Felines aren’t motivated by punishment, so it’s important to reinforce good behavior using food, praise, catnip, or toys.

By stocking up on these essentials, you'll ensure your cat has everything they need for the best possible start in life.

Read next: Things you’ll need to do when preparing for a new kitten and how to be a good cat owner. You might also want to learn how to set up the perfect catio

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Celebrated for their blue-silver coats, elegant build and low-key energy, the Russian Blue is the perfect mix of beauty and grace. As their name suggests, these feline companions hail from Russia – in the bustling port city of Arkhangelsk, to be exact – and they are a naturally occurring breed.

They get their name because of their illustrious blue coat that has a silvery sheen throughout. You might think all this fur requires hours worth of upkeep, but the truth is, Russian Blues are pretty low maintenance on all fronts. This breed can also be a godsend for allergy-prone households because Russian Blues produce less of the allergy-triggering protein found in cats when compared to other breeds.

Another fun fact about this beautiful, long-living breed? They are an intelligent, relatively independent and quiet breed, so are best suited for homes that can match this understated energy. If you’re considering bringing a Russian Blue home, you’ll find everything you need to know in this guide, including their health conditions, enrichment needs, and more.

Are Russian Blue cats hypoallergenic?

“Russian Blue cats are not truly hypoallergenic, but may suit some owners with mild allergies,” explains vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “This is because Russian Blues produce less Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine than many other breeds,”.

In the cat realm, Fel d1 is the protein that triggers reactions in those allergic to cats. Therefore, if you are in an allergy-prone household, it’s worth reading up on the hypoallergenic cat breeds, like the Siamese, Burmese and the LaPerm, as these pets either produce less of the allergy-triggering protein and/or don’t shed too much, which can make them an ideal proposition for allergy sufferers.

Do Russian Blue cats shed?

Russian Blues do shed some of their shimmering coat, but only minimally so this means you won’t find too many loose hairs around your home!

“This can also help allergy sufferers as there will be less saliva-coated hair and dander in the environment,” Dr MacMillan says. “Just remember that very sensitive people may still react.”

For those who would prefer not to have tons of fur all over their clothing, floors and furniture, the non-shedding cat breeds are well worth considering.

How long do Russian Blue cats live?

Russian Blue cats are pretty long-living cats. So much so, many Russian Blues live until they are between 15–20 years of age with the right care.

According to Dr MacMillan, if you want to increase the chances of your cat having a long and healthy life, then there are several things you can do.

“Make sure they are receiving the correct amount of a good quality diet, appropriate for their age and lifestyle,” the vet notes. “Also monitor their weight closely, as cats that are overweight or obese can have significantly shorter life spans."

Thirdly, Dr MacMillan suggests taking your cat to the vets for routine check-ups and ensuring they have all the recommended vaccinations.

“This will keep them safe from potentially fatal diseases,” she says.

While regular anti-parasite treatment, like the best flea treatments for cats, will also help to keep them healthy, as will regular preventative oral care.

How much grooming does a Russian Blue cat need?

If you’re considering adopting a Russian Blue, you’ll be pleased to know that these cuties have easy grooming requirements.

“Their short coat only needs brushing once a week to remove any loose hairs,” Dr MacMillan says. “I also recommend introducing regular oral care from an early age. Many cats will tolerate gentle toothbrushing with cat-safe toothpaste, if you encourage this with positive reinforcement training.”

As Dr MacMillan says, to help keep cat teeth clean, it’s important to get into a good teethbrushing routine. It’s also well worth learning how to brush your cat’s teeth, so that you can avoid dental disease, like stomatitis and gingivitis, and boost your cat’s longevity and quality of life.

How much exercise does a Russian Blue cat need?

Russian Blues have moderate exercise needs and are not as demanding as some other cat breeds, like an Abyssinian, Bengal or Siamese, which are all high-energy cat breeds that will want to play with you all the time.

“Around 30 minutes of activity a day should be enough to keep them happy,” Dr MacMillan says.

So, if you plan on bringing a Russian Blue home, the best cat toys and the best automated cat toys will help keep your kitty entertained.

Russian Blue health problems

Dental disease is common in many cats and Russian Blues are no different because dental issues in cats often go unnoticed.

“Excessive tartar buildup and gum inflammation can lead to tooth loss,” explains Dr MacMillan. “That is why preventative oral care is so important.”

Obesity is another health condition common in Russian Blues, as it can be hard to say no to those cute little faces!

“However, obesity is linked to an increased risk of other ailments like diabetes, joint disease, and cancer,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “Owners must weigh their pet’s food out carefully and keep an eye on their cat’s body condition, to ensure they don’t put on any extra pounds.”

As with many pedigree breeds, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be a problem for Russian Blues.

“This condition causes thickening of the muscular heart walls,” the vet explains. “This affects the heart’s ability to effectively pump blood around the body. Heart failure can occur, as well as blood clots and sudden death.”

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited condition so purchasing your kitten from a reputable breeder who has screened their cats will reduce the risk.

Asthma in cats isn’t uncommon and it’s a respiratory condition that can affect this breed.

“In affected cats, the body overreacts to inhaled allergens leading to inflammation and constriction of the airways,” Dr MacMillan says. “Asthmatic cats can have breathing difficulties, wheezing, and start open-mouth breathing.”

If any of these symptoms occur, owners must seek urgent help from a vet if their cat is showing any signs of asthma.

“Reducing things like cigarette smoke, air fresheners and scented candles in the environment can help ease symptoms, but many cats will require long-term medication too,” Dr MacMillan adds.

How much does a Russian Blue cost?

Russian Blues are pretty expensive cats. Costing anywhere between $1,400–3,800, their distinct appearance and pleasing personality traits make them particularly desirable – and therefore on the pricier side. This is around the same price tag as a Bengal or Savannah cat.

Though Russian Blues aren’t considered to be one of the rarest cat breeds in the US, they aren’t your everyday cat you might come across.

Should I get a Russian Blue?

That depends. The long-living Russian Blues are sweet-natured kitties who thrive in human company.

These cats are a relatively quiet breed and can get a bit scared by noisy children, bouncy dogs, or strangers. This is why Dr MacMillan suggests they would be best suited to a peaceful household, perhaps an elderly owner or a family with calmer, older children.

Due to the fact Russian Blues produce less Fel d1 protein in their saliva and urine than many other breed and shed minimally, this breed might also suit allergy sufferers or those who don’t want to spend all day picking up after their kitty.

Although they enjoy playing, they also like a bit of alone time and will often take themselves off for a nap.

“They are usually content being left for short periods too, if you need to head out for a bit,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Read next: Facts about Russian blue cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’re preparing for a kitten, we’ve put together a checklist of things to do that will ensure you're 100% ready for bringing home a new kitten. While welcoming a little fur friend into your life can be a super exciting time, I know from my own experience that it can bring a few challenges with it as well.

There are lots of things to consider when you get a kitten. Do you have existing pets? Are you home during the day, or do you tend to be out a lot? Will you be able to devote enough time to them? Are you prepared for the additional financial demands? Thinking these questions through will help ensure you choose the best breed for you and you're ready for what lies ahead.

Getting a new kitten can be really special, but I'm really glad I spent time thinking it through before we welcomed our own little bundle of joy into the family. It's not all cuddles and play time with cute kitten toys – those early days can also be hard work as you try to establish a routine for your new feline friend and help them learn what's expected of them.

This checklist will help you think through all the important questions and make sure you have everything you need before your bundle of fluff sets paws inside your home. So, without further ado, here's what to consider...

Preparing for a kitten

1. Do your breed research

I have to admit, I wasn't keen on getting a second cat to begin with. Working from home, I felt I already had my hands full with one feline friend in my life. Our British Shorthair/Burmese cross, Roxy, definitely inherited more Burmese genes, and at that point, she was demanding a fair amount of my attention. How on earth would I get my work done while juggling two cats?

In the end, I said to my husband that if we were going to get another kitty, it would have to be one of the best cats for introverts. I wanted one of the quietest cat breeds that enjoyed the company of humans but was relatively undemanding and independent. We decided to go for a full British Shorthair this time around, and we hit the jackpot — Teddy is exactly what I was looking for in a second cat.

If I could recommend just one thing in your hunt for a kitten, it would be this: think carefully about your lifestyle and do your breed research. Are you wanting a high-energy breed who will accompany you on outdoor adventures? If so, a Bengal could be a good fit.

Maybe you want a chatty, Velcro kitty who will follow you wherever you go? A Burmese or Siamese would be a good choice. Or maybe you're after a quiet and cuddly lap cat? A ragdoll or Persian will tick that box nicely. While all cats have their own unique personalities, thinking through what you're looking for in a feline friend will give you the best chance of finding a good match.

2. Don't underestimate the time commitment

All kittens require a substantial time commitment in the first six months of their life, regardless of whether they're high energy or spend a lot of time on your lap. When you bring home your new pet, all sorts of things will happen that will draw your focus away from whatever else it is that you're trying to do.

Kittens have a lot of energy, so there'll be moments during the day where they're zooming round the house at high speed, knocking things over and getting into all sorts of mischief that you hadn't anticipated. You also need to be really consistent with your training, as many kittens will test the boundaries, especially when they have the zoomies and decide to forgo their cat scratching post in favor of pulling themselves along the bottom of your couch!

If you plan on neutering your pet (and unless you plan on using them for breeding purposes, I highly recommend you do to prevent male aggression or unwanted pregnancies in females) there is also a recovery process to oversee, including pain relief to be administered, a medical cone that needs to be kept in place to prevent them from licking their stitches, and supervising them to ensure they don't overexert themselves.

3. Kitten proof your home

Next, you'll definitely want to kitten proof your home. We were fairly lucky in that first year with Teddy, as although she was very playful, she wasn't one for chewing small objects or cables, so we didn't have the risks associated with those things to worry about.

One thing she did love, though, was human food! It took us a few weeks to realise we couldn't leave butter, cheese, cream, or any other dairy-based item out on the counter as we'd turn our backs for a second and then look back to find her paws and whiskers covered in whatever fat-based goodness she'd managed to get stuck into.

She was also quite big on chewing on the leaves of the plants in our home, but thankfully, we already had Roxy in our family, so we'd long since made sure our plants were non-toxic to cats.

You'll also want to keep toilet seats down (kittens can fall in easily), lock away household chemicals, and protect your furniture if your new kitty is prone to scratching things other than their post.

4. Plan the integration

Unfortunately, if you already have another fur friend or two in your family, it's impossible to know for sure how they'll cope with a new addition. Some pets take to each other instantly and are besties for life, while others may only ever learn to tolerate each other and some may never be able to co-exist.

It really is luck of the draw. We'd hoped because Roxy is so outgoing with humans that she'd do well with Teddy as long as we got the introductions right, but sadly it didn't go as well as we expected. Thankfully, while the first nine months were pretty bumpy, they have got to the point where they can live together without too many issues.

My top tip for keeping the peace in a multi-pet household is not to rush the introductions. We kept Teddy and Roxy separate for the first two weeks, with Roxy having free rein of the house as usual and Teddy being confined to the living room.

After that, we introduced each cat to the other's scent and then let them meet by opening the door just a crack so they could see each other. If Roxy hissed, we closed the door and started the process all over again. Finally, they were able to be in the same room together with supervision (and lots of cat treats!), and now, a year later, we can leave them home alone together.

While I hope the relationship between your pets moves a bit quicker than ours did, make sure you think through how to integrate them, and don't underestimate how long it might take for them to be able to co-exist peacefully.

5. Decide if they'll be an indoor or outdoor cat (or both)

There are some cat breeds that prefer being outdoors, and trying to keep them inside will only cause you to want to tear your hair out — trust me, I speak from experience! While Teddy is a little bit more agreeable to having her outdoor access curtailed, being Burmese, Roxy is a complete genius and will simply manipulate the dials on the cat flap until she can get out.

Have a think before you adopt a kitten as to whether or not they'll eventually have outdoor access. Some breeds, like the Persian and Scottish Fold, will be quite content to remain indoors as they're more docile and less adventurous, but others don't take kindly to being kept inside unless you provide them with a lot of mental and physical stimulation to entertain them.

If you decide that your kitten will eventually go outside, it's important you don't let them out before they're neutered and vaccinated — typically after six months of age. You'll also want to supervise them at first until they get confident. We only let Teddy out with us for short periods at a time, gradually working up to longer spells and eventually leaving her outside unsupervised when we were sure she was comfortable.

6. Purchase essential supplies

Before bringing home your new kitten, you'll want to stock up on everything they're going to need. An automatic cat litter box can be a great option if you don't fancy scooping out your kitten's poop on a daily basis, but I'm not particularly bothered by that so we just went with a regular one. You'll also want to get the litter to go in it, as well as poop bags and a scoop.

Aside from that, a cat scratching post is essential to prevent your kitty from sinking their claws into your furniture. Depending on how much space you have, you may want to invest in one of the best cat trees instead, as these have the scratching post incorporated into them, plus they provide your kitty with a place to sleep, as most feature at least one bed and condo.

Finally, you'll need food, toys, and a separate bed if you don't plan on buying a cat tree (or simply want them to have additional options). If you'd like your kitten to wear a collar, it can be a good idea to get them used to this when they're young, and you might also like to buy a grooming brush for the same reason.

7. Create a safe space for them

Imagine having to leave the only home and family you'd ever known and suddenly finding yourself in a strange new house without your littermates for company. It would feel pretty daunting, wouldn't it? It's normal for kittens to take some time to settle in, but creating a safe space for them can really help make the transition easier.

It's worth setting up a small space that your kitten can use to hide away in if they feel they need it. If you happen to have a blanket with their mother's scent on it, pop this into their bed or another comfortable area in your home – this familiar smell can be very soothing for kittens.

Don't force your kitten to interact with you, and don't try to stop them from hiding away. This is a very natural and normal behavior when they're adjusting to a new place. Of course, not all kittens will feel the need to do this. Teddy was relaxed from the get-go and never hid away or cried at night, but many kittens (especially breeds that are highly people-oriented) may take some time to relax and feel safe.

8. Consider how you'll get them home

Once you've decided on a kitten and purchased the necessary supplies, you'll want to give some thought to how you'll get them home. A sturdy and well-ventilated cat carrier is the best option as this will ensure your feline friend stays safe and secure on the journey to their forever home.

I highly recommend that once you have your kitten inside their carrier that you place this on the backseat of your car and fasten the seatbelt over it to prevent any movement while you're traveling.

While it can be tempting to place them on the front passenger seat, I don't advise this as many kittens will meow or claw at the carrier to communicate their displeasure at being confined, and this can end up being a distraction if you're constantly reaching over to try to soothe them. Placing a blanket over three sides of the carrier (making sure to leave space for air to get in) may help minimize motion sickness and help your kitty feel calmer.

9. Register them with a local vet

One of the first things you want to do once you've made the decision to adopt a kitten is to register them with a local vet. Once you've done that, you'll find your vet will be able to provide you with a wealth of information around neutering, kitten vaccinations, flea treatments, and microchipping.

We made more trips to the vet in the first year of Teddy's life than we would have liked due to her sustaining a nasty bite wound on her tail inflicted by a stray and unneutered male cat, so pet insurance is something you might also like to consider.

10. Introduce them to your home slowly

It can be tempting to let your kitten have unlimited access to their new home the minute they set their paws inside the door, but try to hold back if you can. It can be really overwhelming for kittens to have so much space so soon, especially when they're still adjusting to being without their mother and littermates.

I recommend having one room in your home set up for your kitten. Pop their food and water dishes in here, as well as their litter box, toys, and bed. We used the living room for Teddy, but you can use any room in your home that feels convenient.

After they've been in this room for a few days to a week, you'll probably notice there naturally comes a point where they're feeling ready to explore more of their surroundings. Once that confidence is there, you can grant them access to other parts of the home.

11. Be prepared for the kitten teething phase

Do kittens lose their teeth? You bet they do! Kittens have 26 milk teeth that are gradually lost and replaced by 30 deciduous teeth. While it's not an exact science, most kittens start to lose their baby teeth around three months of age and will have all their adult teeth in place by the time they reach seven or eight months.

As you can see, kitten teething isn't a quick process. It's very normal for kittens to want to chew everything in sight for a period of four or five months, and although some will swallow their baby teeth while they're eating, it's worth preparing yourself for the fact that you may find little kitten teeth on your floor!

Investing in a few of the best kitten teething toys can be a real lifesaver during this period, as it will stop your little fur friend from chewing on things they shouldn't – such as your shoelaces, which our Teddy was particularly fond of during her teething phase!

12. Provide them with play sessions each day to help them burn off energy

Kittens need around 16–20 hours of sleep in the first six months of their life, so expect your feline friend to spend a lot of time with their eyes closed. However, when they're not snoozing, they'll have energy they need to burn off, which is why regular play sessions are so important.

Kittens don't have the same attention span as adult cats, so shorter sessions are best for them. Aim for around 2–3 sessions a day of roughly 10 minutes each. Investing in a few interactive cat toys and playing with your friend rather than them playing independently can be a great way to start to build a bond with them.

Cat play time is always key, but it's especially vital if you have other pets in the home who are perhaps quite a bit older. Playing with your kitten gives their energy an appropriate outlet so they don't end up directing it towards the other animals in their new family. Trust me, this can really reduce the number of fights that break out!

Read next: 20 things I've learnt to consider before getting another pet, how to set up the perfect catio and checklist for new cat owners

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Ever found yourself asking 'can I use cat litter for dogs?' If you have a feline friend in your life, you likely swear by having a litter box in your home – after all, they're a real lifesaver when it comes to preventing accidents. But can you kill two birds with one stone and have your dog use your cat's litter as well?

The good news is, you can absolutely do this. Although the best cat litter is marketed at cat owners, there are plenty of brands that have products that are safe for dogs to use to.

We consulted expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to find out whether there are any particular types of cat litter that are better for dogs and if any need to be avoided – she shared her thoughts below.

Can I use cat litter for dogs?

The simple answer is yes, your dog can absolutely use cat litter. While cat litter is generally used for our feline friends, if incontinence in dogs is affecting your pup you may find it helpful to have a litter tray in your home for them to use when they feel the urge to go. It could also prove convenient, especially during the night as your dog will be able to toilet when they need to rather than you having to wake up to take them outside.

"You can use cat litter for dogs," Dr MacMillan confirms, "but you may need to take care if your dog has a habit of eating things they shouldn’t. Clumping cat litter could cause serious problems like bowel obstruction, especially if your dog ingests large amounts relative to their size. Dog-specific litter is available, and it usually comes in the form of wood or paper pellets, but there are cat versions that are very similar."

While non-clumping wood or paper litter are good choices for dogs, Dr MacMillan goes on to add they may not take as kindly to using litter as cats do.

"It’s important to note that cats seem instinctively keen to use a sandy substrate which allows them to dig and bury their droppings," she explains. "However, dogs tend to prefer a firmer surface or grass to eliminate on. So, this means some dogs will get on better with puppy pads (like this eco-friendly one from Amazon) or fake grass, rather than litter."

Is there a difference between dog litter and cat litter?

There are lots of different types of cat litter and you may find that these vary from the types of dog litter that are on sale.

"Cat litter comes in all sorts of varieties including clay, wood pellets, and paper-based litters," says Dr MacMillan. "Less types of dog-specific litter seem to exist, and the ones that do are usually paper based. Dogs don’t need to dig and scratch around when going to the bathroom like cats, so they don’t need a fine substrate."

If you're wanting to stop your dog peeing in the house, Dr MacMillan says that using litter may be unnecessary.

"Dogs can be trained to just use a dog litter box with a plastic grate on it, a puppy pad, or fake grass."

Because of this, you'll find there isn't the same market or demand for dog litter.

Signs your dog needs a litter box

You may be wondering if there are any particular signs you should be on the lookout for that indicate your pup would benefit from a litter box. Well, according to Dr MacMillan there aren't too many situations that warrant this.

"Taking your dog outside to toilet whenever possible is always recommended, so there are not that many situations when a dog litter box is indicated," she says. However, there are a few exceptions.

"Dogs with mobility issues that struggle to get outside might be an example of a litter box candidate, as well as those that are recovering from illness or injury," Dr MacMillan states. "Dogs that live in high-rise apartment blocks and can’t easily get outside, or those that live in locations prone to extreme weather might also be suitable."

So, what about those days when you're out of the house for several hours at a time and your dog is on their own? Dr MacMillan says in these sorts of situations, you should consider using a pet sitter or dog walker, rather than a litter box.

"This will meet your dog’s social and exercise needs, as well as their toileting needs," she explains. "Litter boxes should not be a reason to leave your dog alone for hours on end."

However, if you do decide to invest in a doggy litter box, Dr MacMillan says it's worth noting that these are really only practical for small breeds of dogs.

"Large dogs will void large amounts of urine, and they are more likely to miss the tray altogether, especially males who like to cock their leg."

Read next: How long does it take to potty train a dog

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Kathryn Williams.

The best cat breeds for families are brilliant for providing your children with a fun and gentle companion while also teaching them about responsible pet ownership. And the good news is, there are plenty of cats that are great with kids.

Cats provide children with all sorts of valuable life lessons, including compassion, respect, and what it means to take care of another living being. They also make wonderful playmates, as many children love watching their feline friends zoom about the house after the best cat toys.

Not only that, but cats can provide children with emotional support and a friendly face when they need it most. And while all animals can be therapeutic in certain ways, the cats on this list are particularly good with children. Patient, tolerant, and people-oriented, here are the best breeds of cats for families...

Best breeds of cats for families

1. Birman

With their striking blue eyes and color point coats, the Birman is well known for being gentle, sweet, easygoing, loving, and incredibly curious, which makes them the perfect playmate and companion for children.

Birman cats are big boned with soft and silky fur, and they enjoy affection, so they make for great snuggle buddies. Gregarious, sociable, and playful, they’re happiest when with their people, and while they can be chatty at times, they're not one of the loudest cat breeds.

This is a cat that prefers to stay close to home, and they need a fair bit of attention, plenty of play, and a good brush every day to keep their coats in tip-top condition. When they're not playing, they're typically happy to sit quietly next to children while they do their homework or read out loud, so they really are the ideal cat for families.

2. Ragdoll

Acquiring its name because of the way it goes limp like a ragdoll when picked up, this is another blue-eyed beauty with a striking appearance and cuddly nature. With a reputation for being one of the most affectionate cat breeds around, the ragdoll loves to be held and will often follow their humans around the house.

Like the Birman, the ragdoll has a color point coat and an easygoing and social personality that makes them feel right at home in the midst of bustling family life. They adore the attention of children, and because they’re so docile and gentle, they’re good with babies as well.

While the ragdoll doesn’t need a lot of rambunctious play, they do need a lot of cuddles and snuggle time to stay happy and healthy. Because of that, these big softies will do well with children who like to pick up their feline friends, as long as they hold them carefully and are reminded to be gentle.

3. Maine Coon

A large cat with an even larger personality, the Maine Coon is a gentle giant who retains their kitten-like disposition well into their senior years. Originating in New England, where they would often join their sea-faring owners aboard their boats, the Maine Coon is a breed that loves water, so don’t be surprised if they try to join your children in the bath!

Incredibly tolerant, the Maine Coon is unafraid of being handled by children and will quite happily allow itself to be carted all around the house without kicking up a fuss. Devoted companions, they quickly form close bonds with all members of their family.

If you've ever found yourself wondering, 'Can cats play fetch?' or walk on a leash, they certainly can if you have a Maine Coon in your life. These cats tend to take well to all sorts of training, and they love accompanying their families on adventures. Maine Coons are kind and good-natured kitties who take well to rambunctious environments, and while they're not typically lap cats, they like to be with their people at all times.

4. Persian

Definitely the glamor puss of the cat world, the Persian has a round head, even rounder eyes, and a flat nose that gives them their distinctive look. People-oriented, friendly, and patient, their coats are so fluffy and shiny that children could easily mistake them for a stuffed animal when they’re asleep.

Persians are very undemanding cats and they require very low levels of activity, so they’re not a great choice if you have a child who wants a very high-energy playmate. They’re also not particularly fond of the outdoors and prefer to spend their time curled up in their favorite spot inside the home.

However, they are very gentle and serene, so they make a wonderful fit for introverted and quiet children looking for a placid and calm companion to keep them company. Because they require a lot of grooming to keep their coat looking in tip-top condition, the Persian can also be a wonderful way to introduce your child to the responsibilities that come with owning a pet.

5. Siamese

When it comes to the friendliest cat breeds, the spunky Siamese is high up the list, which is likely why it’s the most popular short-haired breed in the United States. Absolute gluttons for attention, this is one feline who will be unlikely to tire of having your child dote on it - in fact, the more love the better!

Extremely talkative and with a love of the outdoors, Siamese cats are a wonderful choice if you have an active child in need of a fully engaged feline friend. They’ll happily follow them around the house meowing with every step and won’t hesitate to take on the role of honorary sibling if your kid is an only child.

While they can sometimes be shy when first entering a new home, they’re quick to warm up once they’ve learned the lay of the land, so it won’t be long before your child has a loyal and loving best friend for life. Just make sure you have plenty of toys on hand, as this is one kitty who loves to play.

6. Manx

The Manx cat originated on the Isle of Man, just off the British coast, and is well known for often being without a tail. Medium in size and with a rounded body, they have a stocky look, and their powerful hind legs help to propel them to great heights when they’re whizzing around the house.

Affectionate and gentle, yet highly playful and interactive, in many ways, they’re more like a small dog than a cat. Incredibly protective of their humans and loyal to those they love, they’ll happily trot along behind the children of the house and follow them wherever they go.

While the Manx has a quiet voice, they love to talk, which will delight any child in search of a feline friend who will really engage with them. They enjoy a good cuddle, will settle on your lap, and are just all-around delightful family cats who form strong attachments and bonds with all of their people.

7. Abyssinian

With a history that dates back 4000 years, the long, slender, and highly intelligent Abyssinian is one of the oldest cat breeds still in existence. Often considered to be the clowns of the feline world thanks to their amusing antics and love of having fun, they make great playmates for children.

Self-sufficient, they’re not really fond of spending time on people’s laps and prefer to get their needs for connection met through running, jumping, and having fun wherever their family members are, as opposed to sitting quietly and snuggling.

Friendly and loyal, they are prone to emitting a steady stream of soft chatter, and while they are full of beans and require significant amounts of playtime, they do best with older children who can match their energy levels and engage with them appropriately.

8. Burmese

With a delightfully frisky and mischievous personality that makes them a firm favorite with families, the Burmese is a fearless and friendly feline who will remain playful well into its twilight years.

Like the Manx, Burmese cats are more dog-like than cat-like at times. They typically enjoy playing fetch and other games, and they are deeply devoted to their humans – if you plan on adopting a Burmese, expect a Velcro cat who will follow you around wherever you go.

Burmese cats love being stroked and chatted to, and their athletic, outgoing, and curious natures make them a magnet for equally inquisitive and energetic children. Sociable creatures who don’t like being left out of anything, they do best in homes where there is always someone around to keep them company.

9. American Shorthair

Low-maintenance and super laid back, the American Shorthair is independent and able to be left alone, but is equally happy when its humans return. Highly flexible and adaptable, they cope brilliantly well with family life and thrive on being around children.

Sweet-natured and able to get along well with almost anyone, including other pets, they’re effortless additions to the home, and because they tend to live long lives (up to 20 years!), they're a good choice if you’re looking for a long-haul companion for your child.

They love interactive play with their people, and their muscular body holds up well around boisterous little humans. Alongside regular play sessions, they also enjoy twice-weekly grooming sessions, so this can be another great way for your child to bond with their feline friend.

10. Bengal

The Bengal is our pick for any outdoorsy, adventure-loving family who wants to be able to take their kitty companion with them wherever they go. Vocal, communicative, athletic, and social, this is one cat that won’t be happy to be left on the sidelines.

Highly trainable and very loyal, the Bengal has endless energy to burn, making them a great choice for children who love to be on the go. In fact, with their curious and playful natures and their tendency to always be seeking out fun and engaging things to do, the Bengal is basically a kid at heart.

While they may have a name and a coat pattern that makes them appear like a jungle cat, don’t let their outward look fool you – these felines make for very sweet and gentle family pets, but they are full-on, so you’ll want to make sure you offer them plenty of stimulation and enrichment.

11. British Shorthair

With their teddy bear good looks and mellow personality, the British Shorthair is a standout choice for families with children. Calm, patient, and very tolerant, these cats are very personable and low maintenance, so they're ideal if you're after a feline friend who won't be constantly demanding attention or in need of care.

Reserved and quiet cats, they are adaptable and gentle, and they remain completely laid-back in even the most bustling of homes. British Shorthairs value their independence, so they're not bothered if you're out of the house all day, but most will eagerly come running to greet their humans when they return.

British Shorthairs take a keen interest in family life, but they're not ones for getting in the way, instead, they prefer to supervise from a comfortable distance. They don't tend to have favorites and instead enjoy dishing out their attention and affection to all members of their tribe. While they are very people-oriented, they don't like being carried around, so it's best to educate young children on the importance of respecting their boundaries.

12. Ragamuffin

An absolute winner of a kitty if you have children in your family, the ragamuffin is a dream come true for any child looking for a cuddly feline friend who will be their constant companion. Docile, people-loving, and affectionate, these medium to large-sized cats live for their humans.

Super sweet and eager to please, they do have moments of playfulness throughout the day, but for the most part, they're happiest when curled up on a nice warm lap. Highly agreeable, they're not at all worried about being dressed up and positioned next to a soft toy at a make-believe tea party – in fact, they'll be a completely willing participant!

Ragamuffins are devoted family pets who are one of the best emotional support animal breeds. They are trusting, get on well with other animals, and are non-confrontational. However, because of that, they may not defend themselves if attacked outside by another cat, so keeping an eye on them or having them be an indoor cat only is advised.

13. Cornish Rex

Cornish Rex cats make outstanding family pets thanks to their mischievous yet gentle nature. A highly active kitty who is always on the go, this playful and sociable breed retains their kitten-like energy levels well into their senior years.

As long as they're treated with respect and not rough-handled, the Cornish Rex gets on brilliantly with children who will delight in having a crafty partner in crime to team up with. Highly intelligent and affectionate, they require constant companionship to keep them happy.

These curly-coated cuties have a good lifespan, with most living to around 16 years of age with the right care. They do well in bustling, multi-pet households and like meeting new people. Cornish Rexes like to scale furniture to get to high places, so having cat-friendly shelving is a must.

14. Himalayan

Affectionately known as 'Himmies', the Himalayan is a medium to large-sized cat that is a cross between the Siamese and the Persian. They have long silky coats, bright blue eyes, and beautiful color points on the ears, face, paws, and tail.

Sweet and playful, Himalayan cats are incredibly gentle cats who soak up as much attention and affection as they can get. While they're relatively sedate, they still enjoy playing with interactive cat toys – especially if there's a child or other family member around to join in on the fun.

Attuned to their owner's emotions, they love to cuddle and would do best in quiet and calm family homes as they're not keen on loud noises. While they have low-maintenance personalities, their coats do require daily grooming to prevent tangles from forming.

15. Norwegian Forest cat

A large and robust breed that's been around for thousands of years, the hardy Norwegian Forest cat (or Wegie, as they're affectionately called) is a true nature lover who revels in being able to explore in the great outdoors. They have a long and thick coat, and because it's water-repellent, this breed has a natural love of swimming.

Sociable and playful, Wegies are very friendly cats who enjoy the company of their human family and other pets. They form strong bonds with their humans and are gentle, even-tempered, and patient with children who will delight in their curious, adventurous, and playful spirit.

Norwegian Forest cats have a lovely independent streak, so while they are people-oriented, they're more than happy to amuse themselves when you're out or too busy to play with them.

16. Scottish Fold

With their owl-like appearance and trademark folded ears, Scottish Fold cats are instantly recognizable. This round, compact, and solid kitty has a friendly and affectionate temperament that makes them well-suited to family life.

Highly adaptable, they do well in most environments, and they enjoy playing games and interacting with their people. Because they're so docile, you'll find they can co-exist very peacefully with other pets, including dogs and other cats, and while they're moderately active, they're not overly energetic.

Scottish Folds are even-tempered, sweet cats and are not ones for scratching or biting, so they can be a good choice for homes with young children around. They tend to only hiss or hide away when in pain, often the result of something called Scottish Fold disease, which causes early-onset arthritis. If you have a Scottish Fold and you notice them acting differently all of a sudden, it's worth getting them checked over by a vet.

17. Siberian Forest cat

Siberian Forest cats are striking kitties thanks to their prominent neck ruff, bushy tail, and semi-long and thick coat. Bright and athletic, they are loving and affectionate cats who slot in well to family life.

This breed is both playful and gentle, so they're ideal companions for children. Friendly and social, they're active cats with a laid-back temperament and a devoted nature. They value interaction highly and, because of that, they don't like being left alone.

Because they're so clever, Siberians are a joy to train. They typically have no trouble learning what's expected of them around the house and are also great at mastering new tricks.

18. Exotic shorthair

One of the most popular cat breeds thanks to their gentle, calm, and friendly nature, the exotic shorthair adapts well to most living situations. A short-haired version of the Persian, exotic shorthairs are heavily boned, big cats with thick and dense coats.

These cats are playful and full of life. They adore being with their people and love curling up on a nice warm lap. It's very common for exotic shorthairs to follow their humans from room to room, and their patient and tolerant demeanour means they do well with children of all ages.

Outgoing around those they know well, exotic shorthairs can be initially wary of strangers and may need time to warm up to new people. They do not like being left alone and can develop separation anxiety if they don't have company, so they're best suited to homes where someone can be with them all day.

19. Devon Rex

Looking for a delightfully silly companion for your children? The Devon Rex ticks this box nicely. With their pixie-like good looks and charming personalities, these active and outgoing kitties make a wonderful addition to the family.

An extroverted breed who never fails to entertain, the Devon Rex is a cheeky little monkey who your children will absolutely adore. These cats revel in human company and will act like your second shadow – in fact, in many ways, it will be more like having a dog than a cat!

Loyal and loving, when they've burnt off their energy chasing their favorite toys, they'll be more than happy to snuggle up on your lap for a nice, long cuddle. An intelligent kitty who likes to supervise what's going on in the home, they tend to like to assist their humans with everything they do, so don't be surprised if they try to join you in the shower.

20. Balinese

Looking to add one of the healthiest cat breeds to your family? With a life expectancy of between 18-122 years, look no further than the Balinese! A long-haired variety of the Siamese, the Balinese is a svelte and elegant kitty with a razor-sharp mind.

While they may look regal in appearance, they're actually quite clownish in nature, and they love to play, which probably explains why they get on so well with children. They enjoy games of fetch and will be quite happy to retrieve toys until you're too tired to continue playing with them.

Highly active, both in mind and in body, they require a lot of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy, which means they're often best suited to older children who can keep up with them. Cat puzzle feeders can be a great way to give their brains a good workout, and rest assured, once they've burnt off their energy, they'll be keen to curl up on your lap and have a cuddle.

Read next: Best family dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

When it comes to comparing the Cornish Rex and Devon Rex, it may look like there's not much separating these two curly-coated cuties. However, look a little deeper and you'll find that while they are similar in many ways, there are some key differences that are worth being aware of.

Cornish Rex cats are known for their sleek and slender bodies and their highly energetic nature. Confident, charming, and super smart, they love to be around their owners and retain their kitten-like playfulness well into their twilight years. They have a slightly longer lifespan than the Devon Rex and suffer from fewer health issues.

The Devon Rex has adorable elfish features and, like the Cornish Rex, they're very people-orientated, active, and affectionate. They're slightly less energetic and appreciate some cuddle time when they're not playing, so they're great if you're after a more easygoing and docile companion.

While the two breeds are more similar than they are different, we spoke to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to find out about their intelligence levels, exercise and grooming needs, and the health issues you'll want to be aware of.

Size: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

When it comes to size, there really isn't a lot separating these two breeds. The Cornish Rex stands at around 8–12 inches and weighs roughly 6–10 pounds, while the Devon Rex measures 10–12 inches and typically weighs 6–9 pounds.

As you can see, both cats are relatively small with a petite build, however, the Cornish Rex tends to be ever so slightly larger than the Devon Rex. There's not much in it, though!

Appearance: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

At first glance, it's easy to think that the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are one and the same. But look a little closer and you'll soon notice that both of these breeds have distinguishing features that set them apart from one another.

The Cornish Rex has a slender and elegant build with a long tail and large, high-set ears. They have a small, egg-shaped head, large eyes, a long nose, and a soft and wavy down coat with tight and compact curls that feel velvety to the touch. While they may look fragile, these cats are actually very muscular and sturdy.

In contrast, the Devon Rex has a more elvish appearance. Their face is broader and more triangular in shape than the Cornish Rex, and while they have the same large ears, they're lower set. Unlike the Cornish Rex who has just a single undercoat, the Devon Rex has a coat with three layers so their curls are looser and more open.

Intelligence and trainability: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Can you train a cat? You can if they're a Cornish or Devon Rex!

"Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are highly intelligent and very trainable," confirms Dr MacMillan. "They can both be trained to fetch toys and do tricks with the right positive reinforcement."

The Cornish Rex and Devon Rex are natural problem solvers, and they're both eager to learn, so you'll find that, as well as mastering new tricks and behaviors, they'll also enjoy cat puzzle feeders and other challenging toys that give their brains and bodies a good workout.

Because both breeds form deep emotional connections with their humans, they are naturally inclined to want to please them, which makes training both a breeze and a whole lot of fun.

However, when it comes to teaching a cat a trick, stick to the basics with these two smart kitties – patience, consistency, and lots of praise and treats will help both of these breeds learn that much quicker.

Exercise needs: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are active and curious cats who love to clown around and entertain their humans. They retain their kitten-like energy well into their senior years, although the Devon Rex is a little less energetic than the Cornish Rex.

"The Cornish Rex is often the more active of the two," says Dr MacMillan. "This breed particularly enjoys climbing and exploring. The Cornish Rex maintains a kitten-like personality for quite some time, which many owners enjoy. The Devon Rex is still playful, but a bit more docile than the Cornish Rex."

However, regardless of which breed you choose to go for, Dr MacMillan says that both cats will need around 30 minutes of physical activity each day, depending on their age and health status.

The good news is that because these breeds are highly active and love to play, you'll find that they adore zooming around the house with the best cat toys. You'll likely discover that different brain games for cats go down a treat as well, alongside interactive puzzles and toys.

Grooming: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

Looking for a feline friend who won't require more time in front of the mirror than you do? Well look no further than these two unfussy felines!

"Both the Devon Rex and the Cornish Rex have characteristically short and curly or wavy coats," explains Dr. MacMillan. "The main differences are that the Cornish Rex’s fur is a little finer and silkier, while the Devon Rex’s is a little longer.

“Both are minimal shedders with low-maintenance grooming needs. Weekly brushing with a soft brush or grooming mitten should be enough to keep their coats looking good."

While both breeds don't require much in the way of grooming, investing in one of the best cat brushes and giving them a daily or weekly brush is a wonderful way to strengthen your bond and spend quality time with your feline friend.

Health considerations: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

When we choose to adopt a kitten or adult cat, most of us are hoping that we'll have our new feline friend with us for as long as possible. Even the healthiest cat breeds will be prone to getting sick from time to time, and almost all breeds have certain health conditions that they're more prone to. Here's what you need to know about the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex:

"Both cats are prone to a few hereditary health complaints, with more affecting the Devon Rex," says Dr MacMillan. The Cornish Rex also has a slightly longer average lifespan than the Devon Rex, so it could be considered the healthier of the two.

“Like many pedigree breeds, they are both affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM] which is a hereditary condition that causes thickening of the heart muscle. This stops the heart from working effectively and could lead to blood clots, heart failure, and sudden death in severe cases.

“Both the Cornish Rex and the Devon Rex are at low risk of developing polycystic kidney disease [PKD]. These cysts are present from birth, gradually increasing in size over time,” Dr MacMillan explains. “In some cases, this can affect the kidneys’ function, even leading to kidney failure. You should try to choose a breeder that doesn’t have HCM or PKD in their breeding lines, as this will increase the chances of having a healthy cat.

“Devon Rex can suffer from a disease that causes muscle weakness. This condition is known as Devon Rex myopathy, and problems start showing between three weeks and six months of age in affected cats. In some severe cases, the problem can be fatal. There is a genetic test available, so potential owners should purchase their kittens from a reputable breeder who will have tested their cats before breeding from them,” Dr MacMillan advises.

“The Devon Rex is also prone to a blood-clotting disorder, which can lead to bleeding problems. This hereditary vitamin K-responsive coagulopathy cannot be cured but may be managed through vitamin K supplementation.

“Both breeds are at risk of hypotrichosis due to the gene mutations that give them their abnormal coat types. This can lead to varying amounts of baldness."

Owner suitability: Cornish Rex vs Devon Rex

"Both breeds would make excellent family cats due to their sweet and playful personalities. They also have very similar care needs, though the Devon Rex is slightly more prone to health issues. Most people find the Devon Rex more laid back than the Cornish Rex however, so you will need to take this into account when deciding on the right cat for your family."

If you're looking for a real bundle of energy, the Cornish Rex may be the slightly better choice. However, if you'd like a kitty that loves to play but is equally fond of a cuddle, the Devon Rex will tick that box nicely.

Whichever breed you decide to go for, it's worth bearing in mind that neither cat is particularly independent. These are real companion kitties who like to be with their humans at all times, so you'll want to make sure you're able to give them the love and attention they need to thrive.

Read next: More facts about Devon Rex cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Do you ever catch yourself just gazing at your cat while they’re sleeping? Whether they’re curled up on your lap, they’ve contorted themselves into the strangest sleep position, or they’re simply purring away, sleeping cats are seriously cute.

One thing you may have noticed is that your cat likes to sleep on their left side when they’re in one of the best cat beds or snoozing on the couch. A new study has found that cats prefer to sleep on this side, with researchers from Italy, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, and Turkey working together to find out more about their sleeping habits.

The team around Dr Sevim Isparta and Professor Onur Güntürkün wanted to find out whether cats prefer to sleep on a particular side. So, they analyzed several hundred YouTube videos of sleeping cats.

Publishing their findings in the journal Current Biology, they reported back on the 408 videos they viewed. In all videos, a single cat needed to be clearly visible with their entire body sleeping on one side for at least ten seconds. Only original videos were used, with modified or flipped clips excluded.

Two-thirds of the videos showed cats sleeping on their left side.

The researchers consider sleeping on their left side to have had an evolutionary advantage for cats – helping them hunt and escape after they wake up. Cats, of course, would be pretty vulnerable while asleep in the wild, and they sleep for at least half the day, so this makes a lot of sense for them.

Cats who sleep on their left side perceive their surroundings with their left visual field. This is processed in the right hemisphere of the brain, which specializes in spatial awareness, the processing of threats, and the coordination of movements allowing the animal to escape.

Essentially, if a cat sleeps on their left, visual information goes to the right side of their brain, which is best at processing it.

"Asymmetries in behavior can have advantages because both hemispheres of the brain specialize in different tasks," explained Professor Güntürkün.

The researchers summarized: “Sleeping on the left side can therefore be a survival strategy.”

Read next: Why does my cat sleep by my head?

Trying to decide between the Savannah and the Bengal? You've come to the right place! Adopting a cat is a big decision, and this guide will share everything you need to know about these two breeds so you can choose a feline friend that's the right fit for you and your lifestyle.

A large cat with long limbs and a dog-like personality, the Savannah is more likely to be found following their humans from room to room or zooming about after their favorite cat toy than they are to be curled up on a warm lap. Definitely no couch potato, this breed loves to play, scratch, climb, and explore.

While the Bengal is no slouch in the energy department, they are slightly less active than the Savannah, and they're smaller too, so they're a good choice if you're looking for a slightly less demanding and more compact kitty. However, like the Savannah, these curious and athletic cats need plenty of mental and physical stimulation to keep them from becoming bored and destructive.

To help you decide on your new forever friend, we sought the advice of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she shares her vet wisdom with us, revealing how much exercise these two cats need, whether or not they can be trained, and the health issues each is prone to. Let's take a look...

Size: Savannah vs Bengal

When it comes to the largest cat breeds in the world, the Savannah is near the top of the list. These are big cats with most standing 14–17 inches tall and tipping the scales at a very impressive 25 pounds (although many females will be considerably smaller). They're more likely to resemble a small dog in size and weight than they are a cat.

The Bengal is much smaller in comparison with most, measuring around 8–10 inches tall and weighing 8–15 pounds. However, Bengals are still considered a medium-to-large breed by cat standards, they're just not quite in the same league as the Savannah.

Appearance: Savannah vs Bengal

Boldly spotted and towering over most other breeds, the Savannah is tall and lean with an elongated body, long neck, and long legs. Their head is triangular in shape, and while their ears are large, they're rounded and low-set. The Savannah's coat comes in a range of colors, from light tawny to black smoke, and alongside their spots, their coat may also feature bars.

A sleek and muscular cat with a wild appearance, the Bengal is more compact than the Savannah and has a wedge-shaped head, high cheekbones, and large ears. Their coat is similar to that of a leopard, being made up of spots, stripes, and marbling, and their most common coat color is brown tabby, but they also come in many other colors.

Intelligence and trainability: Savannah vs Bengal

A common question asked by cat owners is can you train a cat? While all cats can be trained to do basic things, like use the litter box or a scratching post, some felines are particularly bright and can be trained to do tricks and walk on a leash. If you've always wanted to teach a cat a trick, you're in luck because both of these breeds are known to respond well to this sort of training.

"Both cats are very intelligent and curious," says Dr MacMillan. "Savannah and Bengal cats are often dog-like in nature and said to be easy to train, but patience is key. Some tricks will take longer than others to learn, and each cat is individual."

When it comes to training your cat, Dr MacMillan says how you go about it is key, with patience and consistency being important.

"With the right positive approach, Savannah cats can be clicker-trained and taught to walk on a leash. Early socialization is important for both breeds, as their wild roots could make them more independent and wary if this has not been handled correctly."

Exercise needs: Savannah vs Bengal

If you're looking for a lap cat or a relaxed lifestyle, Dr MacMillan says you'll definitely want to steer clear of these two breeds!

"Both the Bengal and the Savannah are active cats that enjoy climbing, running, and playing. They will need 30–60 minutes of exercise each day, depending on age and health status. If they don’t receive enough physical activity, they could become destructive or start climbing your curtains!"

Both breeds with benefit hugely from a range of the best interactive cat toys that they can zoom around the house after.

"A cat wheel can be helpful for these cats, too," Dr. MacMillan adds, "just make sure that it is the correct size for them."

Of of these breeds, the Savannah is the more active of the two, but both are energetic cats with minds and bodies that like to be kept busy. Cat puzzle feeders can be a good way to give their brains a good workout.

Grooming: Savannah vs Bengal

They may not be low-maintenance on the exercise front, but you'll be relieved to hear that neither the Savannah nor the Bengal requires much in the way of grooming.

"Both cats have short and sleek fur," says Dr MacMillan. "Weekly brushing should keep their easy-to-care-for coats looking good."

Still, while you don't have to brush them every day, it's worth bearing in mind that regular grooming sessions are a wonderful way to strengthen the bond you share with your fur friend.

Savannah and Bengal cats are also known to relish bath time, especially if there are some cat-friendly bubbles involved. So, although this isn't necessary for their skin health, it can be a great way to add some extra enrichment into their day.

Health considerations: Savannah vs Bengal

According to Dr MacMillan, both Savannah cats and Bengals are relatively healthy, but there are some inherited health issues they are prone to.

"It is important to remember that many Savannah cats will be much closer to domestic cats than they are wild servals," she explains. "This means that most of the health conditions that Savannah cats suffer from could also affect any domestic cat, including dental disease, obesity, and kidney disease.

“Servals are also at slightly increased risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM]. This causes thickening of the heart muscle, affecting how well it pumps blood around the body, which can lead to blood clot formation and heart failure.

“Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is another hereditary condition that Savannah cats can suffer from, which can cause loss of vision.

“In the unlikely event you purchase an early-generation hybrid cat, then male sterility could be an issue. These fertility issues seem to resolve in cats that are more than four generations removed from their serval ancestors. This is not a particular problem unless you are planning on breeding from your cat, however.

“Bengal cats are also at risk from HCM, but are also more likely to suffer with hip dysplasia and patellar luxation. These joint abnormalities can lead to pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis.

“Bengal cats also seem more likely to develop feline infectious peritonitis than some other breeds of cats. This infectious disease can be fatal in some cases."

Owner suitability: Savannah vs Bengal

Adopting a kitten or adult cat can certainly bring a lot of joy and fun to your life, but it's also worth giving careful consideration to which cat you choose to ensure you can meet their breed-specific needs.

"Both cats require active owners who can give them plenty of time and attention," explains Dr MacMillan. "These cats are not for the faint of heart. Expect climbing, broken ornaments, and plenty of fun!

“The Savannah needs much more space than the Bengal, so a large home and some outdoor space are a must for this cat. Savannah cats can also be quite demanding, so owners need to put more time into their physical and mental stimulation.

“Families looking for a more compact and (slightly) less energetic cat should opt for the Bengal. They are not much larger than the average domestic cat, so they are a bit more adaptable, and could be kept as an indoor-only cat."

Read next: Reasons to love Savannah cats and facts about Bengals

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

You may be wondering what the difference is between the Siberian Forest cat and Norwegian Forest cat. After all, they're both large, fluffy, and muscular cats who are affectionate, intelligent, and people-oriented. But although these two breeds are similar in lots of ways, they each have their own unique qualities that set them apart from the other.

The Siberian Forest cat is gentle, adaptable, and typically doesn't like to be left alone for long periods of time. They enjoy the company of their humans, tend to bond equally with everyone in their family, and also get along well with strangers.

Norwegian Forest cats are also very friendly, but they tend to be much more reserved with those they don't know. Loyal and playful cats who are slow to mature, they have an independent streak and are very undemanding, but they still enjoy giving and receiving love and affection.

To help you decide which of these friendly felines is right for you, we consulted expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she outlines how intelligent and easy to train these cats are, what sort of grooming regime those long coats require, and which type of owner each breed is best suited to.

Size: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian Forest cat is the larger of these two breeds. They typically stand around 17–25 inches tall and can weigh anywhere from 11–17 pounds.

The Norwegian Forest cat may not be quite as tall, but it's still one of the largest cat breeds around. Measuring 12–18 inches and weighing 10–20 pounds, there's plenty of this fluffy feline to love.

Appearance: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian and Norwegian Forest cats are both large, long-haired breeds, but they have many differences that make it easy to distinguish between the two.

Siberians are known for their trademark sweet expression, which is a result of their rounded face, curved profile, and soft features. They have large, round eyes that are set wide apart and come in shades of green, gold, green-gold, and copper.

Siberians also have a thick, triple coat that comes in many colors, and they have medium-sized ears with rounded tips. Their body is barrel shaped, and their legs are medium length, with the rear ones being slightly longer than the front ones.

In contrast, the Norwegian Forest cat has a triangular-shaped head with a long and straight profile. Their eyes are large, almond shaped and they have a much more alert expression than that of the Siberian.

Their ears are larger and triangular, and they have a long and muscular body. Unlike the Siberian, they have a double rather than a triple coat, and they always have a mane. As with the Siberian, their rear legs are longer than their front ones, which is why both breeds are such powerful jumpers.

Intelligence and trainability: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Can you train a cat? Well, it depends on their breed. All cats can be trained to learn basic skills, such as using their litter box or scratching post, but not all cats will be capable of learning advanced tricks. So, where do the Norwegian and Siberian sit on this scale?

"Siberian Forest cats are highly intelligent and sociable,” says Dr MacMillan. “Norwegian Forest cats are also clever and have great problem-solving skills, but it can be hard to get them to focus on training. Out of the two, the Siberians seem keener to learn tricks and commands."

When it comes to training your cat, Dr MacMillan says patience and positive reinforcement will get the best results. For some cats, positive reinforcement may look like verbal praise or quality time, whereas other kitties may prefer a few of the best cat treats as a reward. Experiment to find out which your feline friend responds to.

Exercise needs: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Cat play is a really important way to boost your feline friend's mental and physical health, strengthen your bond, and provide them with a source of daily enrichment. According to Dr MacMillan, all cats need around 20–30 minutes of physical activity each day, depending on their age and health status.

"Both Norwegian and Siberian Forest cats enjoy climbing and exploring, so they will be at the more active end of the spectrum," she explains. "These breeds need plenty of play opportunities and stimulation, though the Norwegian is reported to be the more high-energy of the two."

When it comes to these two breeds, both will benefit from having a range of interactive cat toys to play with. You may also find they respond well to cat puzzle feeders, which give them an opportunity to give their brains a good workout.

Grooming: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

The Siberian and Norwegian Forest cats have similar grooming needs thanks to their long and thick coats, so we highly recommend investing in one of the best cat brushes to help get rid of all that loose fur!

"These cats need brushing a few times a week to remove dead fur and make sure their coats are kept tangle-free, but the good news is that they don’t seem as prone to matting as some other pedigree cats," Dr. MacMillan says.

And while brushing your cat's teeth may seem a little strange, Dr MacMillan says that “regular oral hygiene is important and should be started from a young age".

Health considerations: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

All cats can get sick, but there's no denying that some breeds are more prone to health issues than others. Here's everything you need to know about the Norwegian and Siberian Forest cats.

"Due to a lack of inbreeding, Siberian cats are not especially prone to any hereditary health complaints," Dr MacMillan explains. "Like many pedigree cats, they can be affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but it is more commonly reported in Norwegian Forest cats. This heart condition affects many pedigree breeds. It causes a thickening of the heart muscle, leading to blood clot formation and heart failure. Siberians can also develop any of the conditions that are common to all cats, however, such as dental disease, obesity, or kidney disease.

“Norwegian Forest cats are more at risk of inherited conditions, such as glycogen storage disease IV. This condition is rare and often results in death before birth. Hip dysplasia is also more commonly seen in Norwegian Forest cats. This developmental abnormality causes one or both hip joints to form incorrectly. This leads to pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of arthritis."

Owner suitability: Siberian vs Norwegian Forest cat

Now that you know a little bit more about the Siberian and Norwegian Forest Cats, you may be trying to decide which one would be the best fit for your home and lifestyle. Each breed is slightly different, so the good news is you're sure to find the perfect fur friend for you.

"Norwegian Forest cats are more independent and energetic than Siberians," says Dr. MacMillan. "An active family setup would suit them well, especially if there are older children who are keen to stimulate them with games and cat toys.

“Siberian Forest cats are also playful and will adapt to most families well, plus they are much more likely to curl up on a lap than a Norwegian. Some Siberian Forest cats also shed less Fel D1 protein than other cat breeds, which may benefit some mild allergy sufferers, but remember that no cat is truly a hypoallergenic breed."

Read next: Maine Coon vs ragdoll breed comparison

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Cat breeds that act like dogs? Yes, please! Some say that you’re either a “dog person” or a “cat person”, but there are certain feline breeds that bridge the gap. These cats act so like their canine counterparts that they can bewitch even the most monogamous of dog lovers.

Stereotypical doggy traits such as chasing balls, greeting you at the door, and walking on the leash aren’t exclusive to the canine world. In fact, there are many cat breeds that are more loyal than aloof, more affectionate than independent, and more devoted than indifferent. But one asset that characterizes all cats, whatever their canine antics, is their beguiling charm.

Here are 20 breeds that behave more like man’s best friends than cool kitties – arguably giving us the best of both worlds.

Cat breeds that act like dogs

1. Abyssinian

Like dogs, Abyssinian cats tend to have sky-high energy levels and love to play. They will indulge in a spot of fetch and are highly trainable, thanks to their smart brains and willing natures. You can even teach them tricks.

Another doggy affinity is that they like playing in water more than most cats. Plus, they tend to get on well with dogs.

2. American Bobtail

Can cats play fetch? This breed sure can! An active and sociable breed, the American Bobtail greets its owner at the door and can be trained to walk on a leash as well as other tricks. Some even wag their stubby tails! Just about the only doggy trait they don’t share is barking.

3. Balinese

Unlike many cat breeds, the beautiful Balinese is not a solitary type, preferring the company of its family and tending to follow their humans around the house. An intelligent breed, they are highly active and playful, and can be trained to do tricks.

They can be classed as a high-maintenance cat breed due to their grooming requirements, but they sure are a beautiful breed.

4. Bengal

The glittering Bengal cat looks highly exotic, almost wild, but they are incredibly loyal and eager to please. They have bundles of energy, like a bouncy puppy, and love to play and interact – they’ll retrieve toys, play in water sources, relish the big outdoors, and generally give every impression that they’re a dog.

We’d say their elegant feline appearance and striking coat are a giveaway, though...

5. Birman

Like a dog, Birman cats are loyal and playful, and can be taught to obey commands. They tend to be sweet and gentle characters, not as suspicious or haughty as some cat breeds! They aren’t naturally independent and would much prefer your companionship to time alone.

6. Bombay

These striking black cats thrive on attention and affection, and tend to get on well with both people and other animals, including dogs. While the Bombay shares only their coat color with a black Labrador, physically speaking, in temperament they are similarly playful and outgoing as their canine counterparts, and likewise are trainable, love exploring, and being center stage.

7. Burmese

Athletic, playful, and interactive, Burmese cats thrive on attention and stimulation, in common with a regular dog. An intelligent breed, they are similarly trainable.

Like a whining dog, they are one of the loudest cat breeds. They are quite vocal when they want to communicate something to their owners, and don’t enjoy being left alone.

8. Chartreux

Like a Weimaraner in coloring but nothing else in its appearance, the stout Chartreux is often described as being dog-like in behavior. An athletic breed, they can be taught to retrieve a ball and walk on a leash, and they relish interactive play with their owner.

They are known for their intelligence and affectionate, playful personalities, but tend to be far less demanding than a dog.

9. Chausie

A Chausie has the look of a wildcat, but the behavior of a sweet and loving dog. They are naturally affectionate, eager to please, and sociable, as well as being highly energetic. Like most dogs, they love running, jumping, and exploring, and so make a great fit for active families.

10. Egyptian Mau

These stunning spotted cats are extraordinary athletes – the greyhounds of the feline world. With a uniquely long stride for a cat, they can clock speeds of up to 30mph and are outstanding jumpers and hunters. As far as their temperament goes, they share the stereotypical doggy traits of loyalty, playfulness, and trainability.

11. Havana Brown

This intelligent and people-oriented breed loves to please and thrives on being the center of attention in the home. They’ll follow you around, try to engage you in a game of fetch, and tend to get along well with other pets, including dogs.

12. Maine Coon

These gentle giants are larger than many of the smaller canine breeds, and resemble dogs in many ways. More like a dog than a fellow cat, the Maine Coon is not naturally independent or aloof, loving to be at the heart of the family.

They’ll go for walks on a leash and harness, will play fetch, chase, and learn tricks, and even enjoy splashing about in water.

13. Manx

While the first thing most people remark about Manx cats is that they are tail-less, their most obvious character trait is how closely they resemble dogs.

They are smart, sociable, loyal, and playful, as well as curious about exploring their environment. They tend to hang out with their family like a dog would, walk by your side, and follow you around the house.

14. Ocicat

Despite its name, the ocicat is just as much dog in temperament as it is a cat. Unlike many feline breeds that enjoy spells of solitude, the ocicat thrives on being part of the family, being excited and curious to meet and greet people.

They are intelligent and trainable, can jump impressively high, and walk on a leash. But they also love nothing more than settling down as a “lap cat” for a stroke and a cuddle with their favorite human.

15. Ragamuffin

Unlike many dog-like cats, the ragamuffin is not a high-energy breed. However, they resemble dogs in their affectionate natures and propensity to follow their owners around. They are sociable, thrive on human companionship, and enjoy interactive play.

As big as many dogs in size, they’re calm, kind, and great around kids and other pets. One fun fact about ragamuffins is that just like dogs, they love a good belly rub.

16. Savannah

The Savannah cat looks like a leopard but acts like a dog, sharing many traits with the latter. These leggy cats are full of zest and require plenty of physical activity as well as mental stimulation, which will sound familiar to owners of any high-energy dog breed.

Like dogs, they are among the cat breeds that like water (some even swim), they’ll retrieve toys, and can be trained to walk on a leash – among other tricks.

17. Selkirk Rex

Mellow and affectionate, the Selkirk Rex makes a great family pet, being sociable and forming close bonds with their humans.

While many dog-like cats are hyper-energetic, these resemble the more laid-back canine breeds, being calm, easy-going, and friendly.

18. Serengeti

A domestic rare cat breed with a look of the wild, but its appearance is misleading, as it has no wildcat genes. This is a great option for active families, as Serengetis are full of energy, love to play and climb, while also being friendly and affectionate companions.

Like a bouncy pup, the Serengeti does need plenty of stimulation, both physical and mental, to thrive.

19. Siberian Forest cat

Siberian Forest cats are like dogs in the way they bond so loyally with their owners. They tend to follow their favorite human around the home and cherish interaction and attention.

They are known for their devoted personality, which makes them eager to please and trainable. While they are playful, adventurous, and powerful, they are also calm and kind.

20. Sphynx

The bald sphynx has several counterparts in the canine world, with hairless dog breeds including the Chinese Crested, Mexican Hairless, and Peruvian Inca Orchid. But that’s not where the similarities end. Sphynx cats are known to be affectionate and loyal, while also enjoying interacting with their owners and deciding when it’s playtime.

A few things to know about sphynx cats are that they tend to be welcoming and friendly, and are sufficiently intelligent to enjoy learning tricks, such as leash walking.

Read next: Best cat breeds for dog owners

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver

Long-living? Tick. Hypoallergenic? Tick. Great for families? Tick. The Cornish Rex cat checks a lot of boxes when it comes to fur friends you want to welcome into your home—so it’s no wonder that the Cornish Rex is classed as one of the most popular cat breeds.

This clever pedigree is like a long-lasting battery as they are filled with kitten-like energy, even when they’re fully grown adults, and they’ll keep you entertained with their tricks as they thrive on learning, playing and receiving attention.

Well known and loved for its bat-like ears, clown-like behavior and athletic ability, the Cornish Rex breed came about after a spontaneous genetic mutation in 1950 when a kitten named Kallibunker was born with a unique curly coat.

Whether you’re thinking of adopting a Cornish Rex or you’re just keen to find out more about this fascinating breed (and who can blame you?), we spoke to Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who shared everything there is to know about a Cornish Rex's, health, exercise needs and more.

Are Cornish Rex cats hypoallergenic?

Due to their short curly hair, which sheds minimal amounts, the Cornish Rex is considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed.

That said, in the cat kingdom, no kitty can ever truly be hypoallergenic, Dr MacMillan explains.

“Bear in mind that hypoallergenic just means less allergenic, not completely allergen-free. These cats still produce the Fel d1 protein in their urine and saliva, which is what triggers reactions in sufferers.”

This happens when saliva gets spread through the coat as the cat grooms itself, and these proteins are shed into the environment by any loose hairs.

“So, some sensitive allergy sufferers will still react to a Cornish Rex,” the vet adds.

Do Cornish Rex cats shed?

Cornish Rex cats shed, but they do so very minimally. So technically speaking, they are classed as being a non-shedding cat—and it’s all down to their unique coat.

Generally speaking, most cats tend to have two coats. This includes an undercoat and an outer layer of much coarser hairs. However, Cornish Rex cats only have a soft and curly undercoat, which means they are less likely to shed when compared to other breeds.

How does a Cornish Rex differ from a Devon Rex?

If you’ve heard of a Cornish Rex, you’ve probably come across their other well-known counterpart, the Devon Rex, which hails from the same county in south-west England.

Along with their similarly sounding names, they share a few other similarities and differences.

“Both cats have a short curly or wavy coat, but the Cornish Rex’s is a little finer and silkier,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Both are minimal shedders with low-maintenance grooming needs.”

Size-wise, the Cornish Rex is the bigger of the two, weighing an average of 6–12 pounds, whereas the Devon Rex is usually 4–9 pounds.

The Cornish Rex also has a slightly longer average lifespan, living between 15–20 years, while a Devon Rex has a life expectancy of 12–16 years.

“Looks-wise, the Devon Rex has characteristically large, rounded ears and a broad head, whereas the Cornish Rex’s features are a bit more refined,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “Both cats are sweet-natured and enjoy human company.”

How much grooming does a Cornish Rex cat need?

Grooming-wise, Cornish Rex cats are low-maintenance as they are considered to be one of the non-shedding cat breeds that don’t shed too much.

That being the case, “weekly brushing should be enough for these cats, with a soft brush or grooming mitten, as well as regular teeth brushing,” explains Dr MacMillian.

How much exercise does a Cornish Rex cat need?

What a Cornish Rex may lack on the grooming front, they will more than make up for in their need for play.

“These cats are energetic and maintain a kitten-like enthusiasm for play,” Dr MacMillan says. “They also like climbing!”.

Therefore, Dr MacMillan says a Cornish Rex will need at least 30 minutes of physical activity each day, with some needing a bit more.

The good news is that Cornish Rex cats often enjoy entertaining themselves. So if you’re unable to devote 30 minutes of time to play, the best interactive cat toys and best automated cat toys will help keep them occupied.

Due to this breed’s love for climbing, it could also be beneficial to invest in one of the best cat trees or best cat hammocks, so they can watch over their cat kingdom from up high.

Cornish Rex health problems

The Cornish Rex is prone to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is found in many pedigree cats.

“This hereditary heart condition causes thickening of the muscular heart walls affecting the amount of blood that can be moved around the body each time the heart pumps,” Dr MacMillan explains. “This can also lead to issues like the formation of blood clots and sudden death.”

Another hereditary complaint this breed can suffer from is polycystic kidney disease, which is one of the most common illnesses in cats.

“These cysts are present from birth and will gradually increase over time affecting the ability of the kidneys to function properly,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “This may lead to kidney failure in some cases.”

Unfortunately, neither of these conditions is curable. So Dr MacMillan says potential owners should take steps to purchase their kitten from a reputable breeder.

“A good breeder will have carried out health screens and should only mate healthy cats,” the expert adds.

If you adopt a Cornish Rex that is born completely white, it can also suffer from a genetic mutation for deafness and according to Dr MacMillan, the risk of this increases if they also have blue eyes.

“This breed also seems prone to tartar buildup and dental disease, so owners should implement oral care from a young age,” the vet says. “I find that cats will tolerate tooth brushing if it is introduced gradually and with lots of positive reinforcement.”

How much does a Cornish Rex cost?

It’s hard to say exactly how much a Cornish Rex will cost because how much you pay will depend on the breeder, state and health of your kitten.

Broadly speaking, a Cornish Rex kitten could cost anywhere between $800–1,500, which makes this breed much (much) more affordable than a Devon Rex, which can cost up to $3,000!

This puts a Cornish Rex in the same price bracket as a Burmese, ragdoll and Scottish Fold.

But if you decide to adopt a Cornish Rex, prices will be much lower, at around $100–300.

Should I get a Cornish Rex?

Above all, a Cornish Rex is a highly adaptable cat, so it would suit many owners and families.

“Their friendly nature means they love the company of people, whether that’s playing or just relaxing on a lap,” Dr MacMillan confirms. “But, because they enjoy companionship so much, they are best suited to households where there is someone around for most of the day.”

If left to their own devices too much, a Cornish Rex can become bored or destructive when not given enough attention.

Seeing as they are low-shedding, this breed of cat would also suit an owner who wants minimal cat hair in their home or is perhaps allergy-prone.

Lastly, Cornish Rex cats are temperature sensitive, which means they can get colder more easily than other cats, which means they are best suited to an indoor environment, Dr MacMillan highlights.

Read next: Facts about Cornish Rex cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When you think about cat breeds with wild roots, the first felines that spring to mind are probably lions and tigers — but don't worry, we're not suggesting you turn your living room into a real-life safari park!

Many modern-day breeds have some degree of wild DNA in them, which is a result of crossing a domestic cat with a wild breed, such as the Asian Leopard cat. However, while these hybrid breeds may have more genes in common with wild cats than fully domestic breeds, some are still very well suited to living life alongside us humans.

When pulling together this guide, we included cats that have two kinds of wild roots. Those who actually have proven wild cat DNA in them, and those who have lived for thousands of years and appear to be direct descendants of ancient and wild cats. Let's take a look...

Cat breeds with wild roots

1. Bengal

Developed by breeding Asian Leopard cats with domestic cat breeds, such as the Abyssinian and Egyptian Mau, Bengal cats are definitely wild at heart, but their endless curiosity, athleticism, and entertaining antics make them fantastic family companions.

The perfect mix of brains and beauty, Bengals need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. They adore water, love learning new tricks, and take well to harness and leash training. It's worth investing in a few of the best interactive cat toys and a cat puzzle feeder if you plan on welcoming a Bengal into your home, as this will help to exercise both their mind and their body.

You'll also want to have plenty of vertical spaces for them to climb and hang out in, so a good cat tree, scratching post, and cat-friendly shelving are all essential. Bengals can be quite territorial, and they have a high prey drive, so they're not suitable for homes with smaller pets.

2. Toyger

One of the healthiest cat breeds, the toyger (named because it looks like a toy tiger) has been bred from the Bengal, giving this kitty the same wild Asian Leopard cat roots. Medium-sized cats that stand 9-13 inches tall and weigh up to 15 pounds, they're big boned and athletic-looking with a coat that features gorgeous stripes.

However, unlike the Bengal, the toyer is much more laidback and easygoing breed, so you won't catch this cat getting into mischief or climbing every shelf in your home. Instead, the people-oriented toyger would much prefer to play with you or curl up on your lap for a long cuddle.

Toygers want to be with their humans at all times and prefer not to be left alone. They are very social, however, they're still independent enough to play with their favorite toys alone if you're too busy to entertain them. Fun and affectionate, they make great playmates for children, and as long as they get lots of love and attention, they'll thrive in almost any home.

3. Chausie

One of the most interesting and unique hybrid cat breeds, the chausie (pronounced chow-see), first appeared in ancient Egypt thousands of years ago and is a direct descendant of the jungle cat. While their history dates back centuries, they weren't officially recognized as a breed until 1990.

The chausie is a large breed, typically reaching up to 22 inches and length and weighing up to 24 pounds. A statuesque cat with long legs that were built for running and jumping, they are highly athletic and active cats who rarely sit still. Good-natured and affectionate, the chausie develops strong bonds with its humans and loves to play.

If you've ever found yourself asking 'Can cats play fetch?', the answer is a definite yes if you have a chausie in your home. They are very dog-like in nature and tend to also take well to harness and leash training. Because they're so intelligent, they need constant stimulation and do not do well if left alone for long periods.

4. Serengeti

The Serengeti has Asian Leopard cat blood, thanks to being a cross between the Bengal and the oriental shorthair. A medium-sized cat with long legs and a strong and muscular build, the energetic and active Serengeti loves climbing to high places (a good cat tree is a must) and racing around the house at full speed.

Serengetis tend to be self-assured, confident, and social cats who are known for being their owners' second shadow. They tend to be very vocal, so if you're keen for a chatty companion, the Serengeti could well be the kitty for you!

Great for families with lots of energy, they're a devoted and loving breed who enjoys both play time and cuddle time. They can be a little shy in new situations or when meeting new people, but once they've found their feet, they quickly become outgoing.

5. Egyptian Mau

One of the oldest cat breeds still in existence, the Egyptian Mau has been around for more than 4000 years. An elegant cat with an alert appearance, the Mau originated from small wild cats, and their trademark silver, bronze, or smoke coat with dark spots makes them easy to recognize.

The Egyptian Mau bonds deeply with their humans, and while they get along with all family members, they tend to have a favorite who they attach strongly to. They can be shy where strangers are concerned and may run and hide when visitors appear, but they soon come out of their shell and will approach cautiously to see if this new person may be keen to give them a cuddle.

Deeply sensitive cats who can become easily upset by loud noises and sudden movements, the Egyptian Mau is very aware of what's going on around them. Quiet cats who enjoy curling up on a warm lap, they're also very playful and need lots of options to burn off their energy.

6. American Bobtail

Legend has it that the American Bobtail came to be when a wild bobcat was crossed with a domestic cat. These medium to large cats come in both longhaired and shorthaired varieties and are known for their gentle and loving temperament.

Athletic, muscular and powerful, the American Bobtail is an outstanding hunter and they possess an unusually high level of intelligence. They're a great choice if you're after a non-clingy yet still affectionate kitty as while they adore their humans, they're also independent enough to be perfectly content doing their own thing.

A good selection of cat toys is a must for this breed as they love stalking and capturing 'prey' and they also love interactive games that they can play with their favorite people. Easygoing and tolerant, the American Bobtail is one of the best cats for families with children and they get on well with other pets as well.

7. Ocicat

The ocicat is full of wild blood thanks to being a cross between the Bengal and the Abyssinian. This spotted kitty is definitely not for the faint of heart, as they have very strong and active personalities.

Super social, ocicats are spirited, confident, and highly extroverted, and these charming cats won't hesitate to take over your home. They are deeply devoted to their owners but independent enough not to be clingy, and they're always happy to welcome strangers into their home in the hope of making another friend.

Training your cat is relatively straightforward if you have an ocicat, as not only are they very bright, but they love to learn, and most will be quick to learn the household rules. They also tend to travel well, so they can be a great choice if you're looking for a kitty companion to accompany you on adventures.

8. Savannah

With their dog-like demeanour and bucket loads of energy, there's never a dull moment when you have a Savannah in your home! A cross between a serval and a Siamese, the Savannah sports a stunning jungle cat-like coat and is sweet-natured and family-oriented.

A large cat breed that can measure 17 inches in height and weigh up to 25 pounds, they are outgoing and active kitties who like to run, climb, jump, and play. A large cat tree, a tall cat scratching post, and lots of cat-friendly shelving are essential if you plan on adopting a Savannah.

One thing to love about Savannah cats is that they are no couch potatoes and can often be found zooming around the house after their favorite toy. They need lots of mental and physical stimulation each day to prevent them from becoming bored and destructive, however, as long as you can provide them with this, you'll find the Savannah makes for a loyal and loving companion.

9. Abyssinian

The Abyssinian is a descendant of wild hunting cats and is believed to have existed for thousands of years. While images resembling the Abyssinian have been found on ancient Egyptian art, genetic research shows that this kitty actually originated in Southeast Asia.

Intensely curious cats with a natural knack for problem solving, Abyssinians are very energetic and are always exploring and on the go. Because they're so active and love to play, they are an excellent choice for families with young children.

Agenda-driven and affectionate cats, they are not fond of being left alone, so if your home is on the quieter side, it would be beneficial to get two of these cats in order for them to have company. They also love to climb and be in high places, so perches and cat-friendly shelving are a must.

10. Highlander

What do you get when you cross the desert lynx and the jungle curl? Why the Highlander, of course! A medium to large cat with a muscular body, the gentle and extroverted Highlander loves being the center of attention.

The majority of Highlanders are born with curled ears and a short, bob-style tail. They come in both long-haired and shorthaired varieties and are known for their wild appearance.

For those who love cats and dogs, the Highlander offers the best of both worlds. Highly intelligent, these cats can play fetch, walk on a leash, and will often greet you at the door with a toy in their mouth. They are also very affectionate, patient with children, and get along well with other pets.

11. Pixiebob

The origins of the pixiebob are still very much debated, with some saying they're wholly domestic and others claiming that they're the result of natural mating between bobcats and wild domestic cats. We may never know for sure, but these kitties certainly look like they've just wandered out of the mountains.

Sturdy cats with dog-like personalities, pixiebobs are medium to large in size and have distinctive lynx-tipped ears. They are playful cats while at the same time being very gentle and undemanding. Affectionate companions who communicate using sweet trills and chirps, they are very social and enjoy following their humans from room to room.

One of the best cat breeds for dog owners, thanks to their adventurous spirit and willingness to walk using a harness and leash, they're one of the few breeds that are more than happy to jump in the car and head off for a day of exploring. At home, pixiebobs are independent enough to amuse themselves when their owners are too busy to play, and most are eager learners who are easy to train.

12. Cheetoh

A cross between the ocicat and the Bengal, the cheetoh is a hybrid breed that looks like a wild cat thanks to their Asian leopard cat DNA. They have a curious and affectionate personality that makes them a wonderful companion.

Developed in the United States in 2003, the cheetoh is an energetic and playful kitty who has a knack for getting into mischief! However, they are also wonderfully gentle and social felines who love being with their humans, and they do well in active families.

Highly intelligent, they're a dream to train because they pick up new commands, tricks, and skills quickly. They absolutely adore attention, so be prepared to have a second shadow if you choose to welcome one of these cats into your home. Extroverts who like busy homes, they get on well with other pets as long as they're equally energetic.

13. Jungle curl

The jungle curl is a cross between the American Curl and the African Jungle cat, and their appearance can vary wildly depending on which genes are dominant. Some cats will have a much wilder look to them if they inherit more genes from their African Jungle cat ancestors, while others will look almost exactly like an American Curl.

A rare cat breed, the jungle curl is known for being highly affectionate and loving. Agile, playful, and very curious about their surroundings, they need plenty of attention and mental and physical stimulation to help them thrive.

Another cat breed that loves a game of fetch. These cats are very dog-like in nature, and any sort of interactive play with their favorite humans is sure to go down a treat. It's worth bearing in mind that while they can be good family cats, they don't have a lot of patience with small children and don't enjoy lots of handling.

14. Somali

Because they're a long-haired version of the Abyssinian, the Somali shares the same history of descending from wild hunting cats. However, they're much newer on the scene than the Abyssinian, having first appeared in the 1940s. Relatively small cats who stand 7–11 inches tall and weigh 6–10 pounds, they come in a range of colors and have a lean and athletic appearance.

Playful, clever, and curious, the Somali is high-energy and very social. If you're looking for a quiet and chilled-out companion, the Somali is definitely one feline you'll want to steer clear of. But for the right family, these true companion cats will ensure they're a huge part of your life.

Somalis are prone to separation anxiety, so they do best in homes where there's someone around all day to keep them company. They need a lot of play time and interaction, so if you're going to be out a lot, it's worth adopting two so they can keep each other company.

15. Norwegian Forest cat

Believed to have been brought to Norway by the Vikings in 1000 AD, the Norwegian Forest cat is an ancient breed with a stocky build and a hardy and heavy coat that helps them withstand even the coldest of temperatures. With their beautiful, voluminous ruff and large, almond-shaped eyes, and family-oriented nature, these cats are beloved in their home country and are a popular choice of companion.

Moderately active, Norwegian Forest cats (or Wegies, as they're affectionately known) are gentle, mild-mannered, nurturing, and patient, which makes them a great choice for all homes but especially those with young children. Friendly, adaptable, and easy-going, they get on well with everyone, including strangers and other pets.

Slow to mature, this breed tends to retain their kitten-like energy well into their adult years, and while they do want to be friends with everyone they meet, they're never demanding of attention.

16. Siberian Forest cat

The Siberian Forest cat is one of the oldest cat breeds and thought to have been in existence for roughly 1,000 years. Originating in the harsh forests of Siberia, where their thick coats helped protect them in an unforgiving landscape, these cats are likely descendants of the Norwegian Forest cat and other ancient and wild cats found in the Middle East.

This breed is slow to mature and tends not to reach its full 15-pound weight until it reaches around five years of age. Most Siberians are very affectionate, enjoy a cuddle, and make good lap cats, although they can still be very playful.

Gentle, adaptable, and highly intelligent, Siberians tend to take well to training and enjoy learning new tricks. Their long coat can be quite high maintenance as it requires daily grooming with a good cat brush, but as long as you don't mind that, these kitties make for very sweet companions.

17. Kurilian Bobtail

Hailing from the Russian Kuril Islands, the Kurilian Bobtail has existed for around 200 years and is thought to be a descendant of the Siberian Forest cat. They are highly intelligent and easygoing cats who have a peaceful nature and adapt easily to almost any living situation.

Independent, clever, and inquisitive, they are social cats who are very devoted to their humans. They typically get on very well with children and other pets, and they have a clownish personality, which makes them a lot of fun to be around.

Kurilian Bobtails love to climb and jump, so it's worth investing in a good quality cat tree and some cat-friendly shelving if you plan on welcoming one of these laid-back kitties into your life.

18. Chartreux

One of the best cats for introverts, the quiet, low-key, and thoughtful Chartreux is a French cat with a friendly demeanour and sharp mind. References to this kitty appear as early as the 16th century, and it's believed that this breed is a descendant of wild and feral cats from Syria.

A muscular and sturdy cat with a soft, grey-blue coat, the Chartreux is low maintenance in every way and is ideal for anyone looking for a calm and sweet-natured companion.

Outstanding mousers, Chartreux cats remain playful throughout their lives, so it's a good idea to have a few of the best automated cat toys and other interactive options on hand that they can amuse themselves with.

19. Turkish Angora

When it comes to the smartest cat breeds, the Turkish Angora is near the top of the list. These kitties are remarkably intelligent and show amazing problem-solving skills, which makes training them relatively easy compared to most breeds.

One of the most ancient breeds still in existence, the Turkish Angora is believed to be a direct descendant of the African wildcat. Originating in the Ankara region of Turkey, these cats appeared around the 15th century, but it wasn't until 1962 that the first breeding pair arrived in the United States.

Turkish Angoras are outgoing cats who delight in being involved in everything their humans do. They love to supervise what's going on in their home, and at the end of a long, hard day, they like nothing more than to snuggle up in bed with their favorite people. These cats will happily live with other pets, as long as they understand that the Turkish Angora is always in charge.

20. Maine Coon

There's some debate about the history of the Maine Coon, with some arguing that they're the result of a domestic cat breeding with a bobcat and others suggesting they're more likely descendants of the Norwegian Forest cat. Whatever the case, they have gone on to become one of the world's most beloved breeds.

A gentle giant who stands around 16 inches tall and weighs up to 18 pounds, the Maine Coon has a big, lovable personality and plenty of dog-like mannerisms – including their love of water and their tendency to play fetch.

Hugely family-oriented, these mellow cats love being around children and are very affectionate. Sweet-natured and playful, they are chilled and placid cats who are deeply loyal to those they love.

Read next: Most popular cat breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Scottish Folds are one of the most unique-looking cat breeds you can come across. Often depicted by their soft grey coat, owl-shaped eyes and folded ears, the latter comes about due to a genetic mutation that causes the ear cartilage to bend forward.

While this latter feature often makes them stand out from the rest of the cat crowd, it’s this abnormality that surrounds them in controversy, as it can cause them to have issues with cartilage elsewhere around the body, such as the joints. At present, the British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) and International Cat Care consider the breeding of Scottish Folds as “unethical”.

That said, if you happen to adopt these cuddly creatures, they are very easy-going cats, highly intelligent, and easy to train. To discover more about this fascinating breed, we spoke with veterinarian Dr Rebecca MacMillan about this breed’s needs and the health concerns to watch out for.

Are Scottish Fold cats hypoallergenic?

No, Scottish Fold cats are not hypoallergenic. That’s because they produce the same amount of allergy-triggering protein as other cat breeds, and they shed moderate amounts of fur throughout the year.

Therefore, if you are allergic to cats and looking for a fur baby to add to your family it’s well worth choosing from the list of hypoallergenic cat breeds or picking a cat breed that doesn’t shed as much, as this will help to reduce the amount of allergens in your home.

Of course, no cat can truly be hypoallergenic or allergen-free because all felines produce the Fel d1 protein, which is the main allergy-triggering culprit. However some cats are considered to be hypoallergenic because they produce less of this protein or shed-minimally when compared to other breeds.

Are Scottish Fold cats rare?

Despite the fact that Taylor Swift is the very proud pet parent of two Scottish Folds, they are relatively rare.

“Not all kittens born will show the characteristic folded ears,” explains Dr MacMillian. “Sources state that only around 50% of Scottish Fold kittens will have the desired look.

“There are also welfare concerns around breeding this cat, due to their associated health issues, which further limits their numbers.”

Can Scottish Fold cats be left alone?

Just like the British Shorthair, these cats can be left alone for short periods of time. “However, they do love human company and attention, so longer lengths of time could be stressful for them,” Dr MacMillan highlights. “Some Scottish Folds may develop separation anxiety if left for too long, so you will need to make provisions for this sociable cat if you ever need to take a trip away.”

Thankfully, when it comes to separation anxiety in cats there are a range of things you can do to help your kitty cope when you go out.

For example, the best interactive cat toys can help keep them entertained for an hour or two. While leaving a calm radio station or TV channel on when you’re out can help, too.

How much grooming does a Scottish Fold cat need?

Scottish Folds have short, dense fur and require minimal grooming. Therefore, Dr MacMillan says brushing them once or twice a week should be enough to keep their coat in order.

“You will also need to think about preventative oral care from a young age, as with any breed of cat,” Dr MacMillan says.

How much exercise does a Scottish Fold need?

Exercise-wise, these cuddly creatures have a penchant for snuggling up with their humans on the couch.

But they will still need around 30 minutes of exercise a day to help keep them happy and healthy.

Scottish Fold health problems

Sadly, the Scottish Fold is often not a very healthy cat breed, which is why there are numerous ethical concerns about its breeding.

As of 2025, the International Cat Care and British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) state that the breeding of Scottish Folds is “unethical” and they are raising awareness of Scottish Fold suffering.

“They have a genetic mutation affecting their cartilage, which is what gives them their folded ears,” Dr MacMillan explains. “However, this same abnormality is known as osteochondrodysplasia and it also causes issues with cartilage elsewhere around the body, such as the joints.”

Due to this, many Scottish Folds will develop painful joint disease, often at quite a young age, Dr MacMillan highlights.

“These cats can suffer from abnormal bone development, skeletal abnormalities, and arthritis,” the vet says. “Even Scottish Fold kittens without folded ears are still much more likely than other cat breeds to suffer from these problems. This can have severe welfare implications for these cats.

“The only Scottish Fold that I have seen in recent years was already showing signs of pain and mobility difficulties at around 12 months of age. For some kittens, problems can start as early as seven to eight weeks.”

Unfortunately, Scottish Folds can also suffer from polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is one of the most common illnesses in cats.

“Kittens can be born with cysts in their kidneys that gradually increase in size over time,” Dr MacMillan says. “This can lead to incurable kidney failure.”

How much does a Scottish Fold cost?

Due to their rarity, Scottish Fold kittens will set you back anywhere between $1,000–5,000, but this price will depend on the kitten’s pedigree, whether or not they have folded or straight ears and the breeder you buy from.

This makes a Scottish Fold one of the most expensive cat breeds of all time and puts them in the same price bracket as a Persian cat.

If you’re hoping to become the pet parent of a similar-looking cat, an American Curl would be a more affordable kitty, as this feline is priced anywhere between $1,000–3,000.

Should I get a Scottish Fold?

In Dr MacMillan’s opinion, the expert wouldn’t recommend buying a Scottish Fold to anyone.

“There is a very high chance of your kitten developing painful and debilitating joint issues because they are being bred for style rather than fitness,” she says.

“If you do decide to purchase a Scottish Fold then you must have the means to pay for their veterinary care and pet insurance, as many of these cats will require ongoing treatment for their disease.”

Read next: Facts about Scottish Fold cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Siamese cats aren’t hard to come by. Perhaps the most iconic example of this breed is the aptly named Si and Am in Disney’s Lady and the Tramp, who are the sinister villains of the show. But in reality, this couldn't be further from the truth.

Known for being affectionate, friendly, and sociable, Siamese cats are also loved by the masses for their distinctive narrow-faced look, fur coloring and beautiful blue eyes. This lap cat also has the pretty incredible ability to crave attention no matter the time of the day.

Another thing to keep in mind about the Siamese is that they are rather vocal, so they could be ideal for someone who lives alone, or those who much prefer noise and chatter in their home compared to peace and quiet.

And its reasons like this (and more) that have earned a ‘meezer’ the title of being one of the most popular cat breeds. We’ve compiled a guide on everything there is to know about this Velcro kitty and roped in the expertise of vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Are Siamese cats hypoallergenic?

All allergy sufferers will be pleased to know that Siamese cats are classified as one of the hypoallergenic cat breeds due to their fur, which sheds a lot less than other breeds and the fact that they produce less of the Fel D1 protein, which can cause allergies in humans to flare up.

“These cats still produce the Fel D 1 protein in their saliva, which gets dispersed through their coat as they groom,” flags Dr MacMillan.

Therefore, Siamese cats may still trigger some. But they might be less triggering than other breeds for some allergy sufferers.

Are Siamese cats friendly?

Despite how they are portrayed in the Disney film, Siamese cats are very friendly cats. They are also very affectionate, too. So if you love lots of love and cuddles from your fur friend, this curious cat, craves companionship and will be more than happy to snuggle up on your lap in the evening as long as they have had enough stimulation during the morning.

“I do have a bit of a soft spot for Siamese cats,” says Dr MacMillan. “They are friendly, sociable, and enjoy spending time with people. However, they are also known for being vocal and demanding!”

So much so, life with a Siamese cat will be anything but quiet as this breed is known for being one of the loudest cat breeds.

“They make great pets if you have time to give them lots of fuss and attention,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Siamese cat health issues

Siamese are generally healthy and often live to 15 years of age or more. But like many pedigree cats, Siamese are prone to certain health complaints.

“Siamese cats can suffer from asthma, and I have diagnosed a few over the years,” Dr MacMillan says. “Inflammation of the airways causes breathing issues and wheezing in affected cats.”

Amyloidosis is an inherited condition that affects Siamese.

“It causes abnormal proteins to be deposited in various organs around the body,” the veterinarian explains. “This can cause problems with their ability to function properly. Kidney failure is very common in cats with amyloidosis.”

Cancer is often found in this breed.

“No one quite knows for sure why they are more likely to develop it than other cats,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Lymphoma is a common example and it can affect many areas of the body including the lymph nodes, digestive tract, chest, and kidneys. If detected early enough, it may be treatable with surgery or chemotherapy.”

Nystagmus is another condition often seen in Siamese cats. Explaining the health condition, Dr MacMillan says: “This causes their eyes to flicker slightly from side to side. It doesn’t seem to cause them any problems however and their brain is still able to process the visual information okay.”

How much exercise do Siamese cats need?

As is the case with all cats, Siamese cats will require at least 30 minutes of exercise a day, which can be broken up into small bursts.

Of course, pet exercise will look a lot different to human exercise. So while you wouldn’t expect your cat to be lifting weights, a Siamese will be more than happy to chase some of the best toys for indoor cats around or play with the best automated cat toys to keep their mind and body engaged.

But that said, this clever breed is an active and companionable four-legged feline. So the more engagement and mental stimulation it can get from you, the better.

What grooming do Siamese cats need?

Siamese cats tend to have short coats so they have minimal grooming needs.

However, you will still need to brush them with one of the best cat brushes to keep their coat looking and feeling healthy. This will help to keep their coat glossy and can help get rid of dead fur during shedding seasons, rather than seeing it pile up around your home.

It’s also important to stay on top of regular nail trims and ear cleaning.

How much do Siamese cats cost?

Generally speaking, Siamese cats can set you back anywhere between $250 to $2,500. But this will all depend on pedigree, breeder and the area you purchase your Siamese cat from and the rarity of colorations.

The higher end of the scale can make a Siamese cat quite expensive. However, if you are lucky enough to adopt a Siamese cat you can expect to pay up to $300.

Should I get a Siamese?

A Siamese cat is often known as a Velcro cat, as this breed would much rather be in the company of others than its own. This means a Siamese cat will expect a lot of attention and it will make this demand known with its vocal chirping and chatter.

Therefore, a Siamese cat might be best for extroverts or loud homes or perhaps someone who lives alone who might favor some companionship in the form of a fur friend.

Read next: Facts about Siamese cats

Keen to add one of the smartest cat breeds to your family? You've come to the right place! While all cats are unique and have their own individual personality, some breeds are known for being particularly intelligent and easy to train.

Expert vet Dr Lisa Coder says that cat intelligence can be tricky to measure because not all cats are smart in the same way. However, in general, she says that cats possess several abilities that indicate intelligence.

"Cats understand object permanence," she explains. This means they know that just because an object, such as a treat or a toy, is hidden it does not mean it is gone. Some cats can find the treats, toys, or other objects no matter how hard the owners try to hide them. Often, very smart cats can even learn to open doors, cupboards, drawers, or bags to search for the things their owner would rather they not have."

It's worth noting that brainy breeds need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to thrive, so you'll want to invest in some of the best interactive cat toys and puzzle toys to keep them occupied. Once you've done that, read on to discover the smartest cat breeds and find the one that's the best fit for you and your family...

Smartest cat breeds

1. Abyssinian

One of the smartest cat breeds on the block, the Abyssinian was a no brainer for making this list thanks to their highly intelligent and playful nature. Curious and energetic, there's no room in your house that will be left unexamined and because this is one kitty that loves to climb, you'll want to make sure you have plenty of feline-friendly shelving for them to clamber up!

"Abyssinian cats are very curious, and seem to enjoy learning tricks with their owners," says Dr Coder. "They are relatively easy to train when it comes to simple tricks and are natural explorers."

If you want to teach a cat a trick, keep sessions engaging, brief and frequent. Most cats have a short attention span and do best with the little and often approach to training.

Perhaps one of the least known facts about Abyssinian cats is how well they take to leash training. Their inquisitive personality means most will really enjoy a daily stroll around their neighborhood and they're masters at brain games and puzzles, too.

2. Bengal

With their striking leopard print spots and dog-like nature, it's no wonder that the Bengal is such a highly sought after breed. The Bengal had to be included in this list because this is one super smart kitty, and that, coupled with their athletic and energetic nature, means they need a lot of mental and physical stimulation each day to keep them happy and healthy.

"Bengal cats are very smart, love to learn tricks, and seem to want to please their owners," explains Dr Coder, adding that "this may be the easiest breed to teach how to walk on a leash."

If you want to try leash training, get your Bengal used to the harness by leaving it lying around the house for them to investigate. When you put the harness on them, use treats and let your kitty take the lead in terms of which direction they'd like to go in.

This breed is known for their love of adventure—in fact, one of the most fascinating facts about Bengal cats is how much they love accompanying their owners into the great outdoors. Most love hiking and camping, and they won't think twice about jumping into a kayak with their favorite human and hitting the water. Bengals are a great choice for anyone looking for an outgoing and social companion.

3. Burmese

Burmese cats are true Velcro kitties and love nothing more than to be wherever their owners are. Cuddly and devoted, they're one of the smartest cat breeds around thanks to their razor sharp minds and insatiable curiosity—so if you don't want your sweet-natured Burmese rummaging through your closets or drawers and investigating your personal belongings, be sure to keep the doors closed!

"Burmese cats crave interaction with their humans, and seem to want to be involved in all tasks their owners do," says Dr Coder. "They will often easily learn interactive games such as fetch as they love to gain the approval of their owners."

Most people prefer to keep their Burmese cats indoors rather than let them roam about outside because their inquisitive nature coupled with their trusting personality can lead them astray at times. If you do plan to keep them inside, be sure to offer them lots of mental and physical stimulation as this is a kitty that likes to be kept busy.

4. Siamese

We couldn't overlook the Siamese when putting this list together, after all, they may just be the smartest cat breed of them all! With a highly curious and explorative nature, this little kitty is forever getting into mischief, so if you're after a low-maintenance feline friend, the Siamese is a breed you'll want to steer clear of.

But while they can be very talkative and demanding, they're also incredibly loving and devoted. According to Coder, Siamese cats are "quick to bond with their owners, and need a lot of attention. They seem to know how to communicate in order to ask for all the kitty snuggles they can handle." If you're after a cat that will be your second shadow, the Siamese could well be the kitty for you.

Puzzle toys and interactive play sessions are a must if you plan on welcoming a Siamese into your home. They can get into a lot of mischief when they're bored, so keeping them occupied is essential. This breed are brilliant problem solvers and respond well to training, so teaching them a trick or two will go down a treat.

5. Korat

With their striking silver-tipped coat and heart-shaped faces, it's hard not to fall in love with the beauty of the korat. Originally from Thailand where they're nicknamed the 'good luck cat', the korat is a thoughtful and smart breed with a people-orientated nature.

"Korats are playful and generally laid back cats," explains Coder. "They love attention from their owners, both for play and cuddles, and often seek to include their family members in playing with their toys."

We included the korat in this list because they have a reputation for being quick learners who can be easily trained to perform tricks. They enjoy learning new things and are always up for a challenge, so they tend to make fast work of puzzle toys.

Just be mindful that korats are deeply sensitive cats who don't like change, so try to keep their routine as predictable and stable as possible.

6. Savannah

It's impossible to forget about the Savannah when putting together a list of the smartest cat breeds because they're widely recognized as being one of the most highly intelligent kitties around. This exotic breed is super energetic, athletic and is always up for an adventure—translation? They'll definitely keep you on your toes!

"Savannah cats are very smart and, if socialized well, can get along with most other pets," says Dr Coder. "They are curious and inventive, and can be very good at getting into places they should not be. They are extremely active and need a lot of attention and stimulation, as they are easily bored."

If you decide to adopt a cat like the Savannah, you'll want to ensure your home is well set up for them. They need lots of things they can climb and plenty of games to play as otherwise they'll make their own fun—which many involve scratching your furniture or knocking things off your shelves.

7. Cornish Rex

We've included the curly-coated cutie that is the Cornish Rex in this list because of their playful, curious and agile nature. Not only will you find them peering down at you from all sorts of high places, but their mental smarts make them a true joy to train. Teach them to perform tricks or play fetch—either will go down a treat with this breed.

However, Dr Coder says it's important to note that the Cornish Rex is a very high-energy cat and they need a lot of mental stimulation. "They love to play and will often play for several hours a day. They are also very curious and will find their way into every part of the owner’s house—kitty-proofing the home is a must with this breed."

A lively and social feline, the Cornish Rex does well in bustling environments, so they're a good fit for family homes. They also tend to enjoy meeting new people and are very attached to their humans, so much so that they can often be found perched on their shoulders or curled up on their lap.

8. Balinese

Because they're so similar to the Siamese in intelligence, temperament and curiosity, we had to include the Balinese in our list of the smartest cat breeds. Active and playful, they are always observing what their owners are getting up to and can be very demanding of their attention.

"They love to observe their family and will often follow owners around to investigate what they are doing all day," confirms Dr Coder. A hugely affectionate cat breed, they form strong bonds with their humans and prefer not to be left alone.

While they're by no means low-maintenance, they are highly trainable and care capable of learning a wide range of tricks, playing fetch and being taught to walk on a leash. Mental stimulation is the key to keeping this breed happy and out of mischief, so keeping their minds engaged is the key to preventing them from getting into mischief.

9. Scottish Fold

Scottish Fold cats might not be the first breed that springs to mind when you think about the smartest kitties on the block, but you may just be surprised at how intelligent these felines with the folded ears are. Although they're very calm and laid back, they're also incredibly bright and love to give their brains a good workout with puzzles and other toys.

"Scottish Fold cats are very relaxed and laid back cats," Dr Coder confirms. "They are happy to have attention, but do not demand it of their owners, although they do love to learn tricks and have interactive play."

This breed is very affectionate and adores their family, but they're also independent enough to be left home alone and enjoy doing their own thing from time to time. Undemanding yet sociable, they like the company of people and tend to get on very well with children and other pets.

10. Turkish Angora

Highly intelligent with a strong independent streak, many owners of the Turkish Angora refer to them as the “Einstein of the cat world” because of their fantastic problem-solving skills. Outgoing and social, they expect to be involved in all aspects of family life and have a huge love of water.

"Turkish Angora cats love to play and easily learn to solve treat-puzzles and other thinking challenges," says Coder. "They seem to be smart without having to have the approval of their owners,"—which is exactly why we include them in this list.

Active and agile, they love zooming around the house and are forever chasing toys and fetching objects. The Turkish Angora is a graceful and enthusiastic climber, so if you can't find them, be sure to look up as you'll no doubt find them peering down at your from atop a bookshelf or door.

Read next: Are cats smarter than dogs?

Gingivitis in cats is one of the most common dental problems seen in general practice, yet it’s often misunderstood or missed by owners until the condition becomes severe. As a small animal vet with 14 years of experience, I’ve helped lots of cats with dental disease, and gingivitis is almost always where it starts.

Gingivitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the gums, and while it may seem mild at first, it can lead to significant discomfort and more serious oral health issues if left untreated. The good news is, with the right management and care, it can often be controlled and even reversed.

In this guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know about gingivitis in cats – from the early warning signs to the best treatment options – with practical advice from clinical experience. Whether you’re a first-time cat owner or a seasoned pro, this guide will help you protect your feline friend’s pearly whites.

What is gingivitis in cats?

Gingivitis in cats is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) that surround and support the teeth. It’s typically caused by a build-up of plaque – a soft, sticky film made up of bacteria, saliva, and food particles – on the surface of your cat’s teeth. If not regularly removed, this plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which further irritates the gums and worsens the inflammation.

In the early stages, gingivitis may just affect the gumline. Owners may notice redness, swelling, and bleeding around the teeth. But if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the structures supporting the teeth, like ligaments and bone, become damaged. This stage is often irreversible and can lead to tooth loss.

Some cats also develop a more severe form of gum disease called stomatitis, where inflammation extends deeper into the mouth and causes widespread pain.

How do I tell if my cat has gingivitis?

Cats are incredibly stoic creatures, and they often hide signs of pain. That’s why gingivitis can easily go unnoticed until it’s quite advanced. Look out for these common signs:

• Red, swollen gums, especially around the base of the teeth
• Bleeding gums are often noticed during eating or when chewing on toys
• Bad breath (halitosis) is a telltale sign of oral bacteria
• Drooling or saliva with traces of blood
• Difficulty eating, chewing on one side, or dropping food
• Pawing at the mouth or rubbing the face
• Decreased appetite or weight loss
• Changes in behavior, such as being more withdrawn or irritable

What causes gingivitis in cats?

There are several underlying causes of gingivitis in cats, and often it’s a combination of factors. Here are the most common:

There are several underlying causes of gingivitis in cats, and often it’s a combination of factors. Here are the most common:

• Dental plaque and tartar: These are the number one causes. If plaque isn’t removed through regular cleaning, it calcifies into tartar, leading to inflammation and infection.
• Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS): This is an immune-mediated condition where the cat’s immune system overreacts to plaque, causing severe and painful inflammation in the gums and mouth.
• Viral infections: Viruses like feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can all contribute to gingivitis and stomatitis. Luckily, some of these can be vaccinated against. Vaccinations are very important for our pets.
• Tooth resorption: A common and painful condition in cats where the tooth structure breaks down, exposing sensitive dentin and leading to secondary gum inflammation.
• Poor oral hygiene: Just like in humans, cats need regular dental care. Lack of brushing, dental diets, or professional cleaning leads to rapid plaque accumulation.
• Genetic predisposition: Some breeds, such as Abyssinians, Siamese, and Persians, are more prone to dental issues, including gingivitis.
• Diet: Soft or wet food diets don’t provide the abrasive action needed to help keep teeth clean, which can contribute to plaque build-up.

How do you treat gingivitis in cats?

The treatment for gingivitis in cats depends on the underlying cause and severity. Here's how it is typically managed:

• Professional dental cleaning: A full dental scale and polish performed under general anaesthesia is usually the first step. This allows your vet to remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line and assess each tooth for disease.
• Tooth extraction: If teeth are loose, damaged, or contributing to chronic inflammation, they may need to be removed. Cats can do very well without several or even all of their teeth, and it often significantly improves their quality of life.
• Medical treatment: Anti-inflammatory medication (such as corticosteroids or NSAIDs), antibiotics, or immune-modulating drugs may be used, particularly in cases like FCGS. Your vet will tailor a treatment plan based on your cat’s individual needs.
• Ongoing dental hygiene: At-home care is crucial for long-term success. This includes keeping your cat’s teeth clean, brushing your cat’s teeth with a pet-safe toothpaste, offering dental chews or diets, and regular vet checks.

Can gingivitis be treated at home?

Mild cases of gingivitis can sometimes be managed at home with daily tooth brushing and dental-friendly products. However, once tartar is present, it can only be removed professionally. Never attempt DIY dental scaling – this can cause pain and damage the teeth.

Home care is essential after professional treatment to prevent recurrence. There are many products that help, including:

• Pet toothbrushes and pet toothpaste, learning how to brush your cat’s teeth can make a huge difference.
• Dental diets (like Hill’s t/d)
• Water additives
• Dental gels and sprays

What happens if you don't treat gingivitis in cats?

If left untreated, gingivitis in cats can progress to periodontal disease, leading to:

• Chronic pain
• Tooth loss
• Oral infections that can spread to other parts of the body
• Poor general health due to inflammation
• Weight loss and reduced quality of life
• Increased veterinary costs in the long term

Early intervention is always best. Even if your cat isn’t showing obvious signs, regular dental checks can help catch issues before they become serious.

Read more here on fascinating facts about cat’s teeth or four ways to prevent gingivitis that I'd wish I'd known sooner

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Emma Chandley.

As a cat mom of four, I know how frustrating it can be when your cat decides to tear up your carpets with their claws. While the best scratching posts for cats can help, this scratching pad – on sale for under $8 – goes one step further, as you can attach it directly to your furniture and surfaces.

Having a place to scratch is essential for your cat's health and happiness, keeping their claws trim and tidy while relieving stress and anxiety. So, if you don’t have one already or need an upgrade, now is the time to add it to your basket while it’s 43% off.

From couches and chairs to walls and doors, this scratching pad will attach to just about anything! Unlike traditional posts that are clunky and take up lots of space, these pads can be neatly hidden out of sight – perfect for smaller homes.

So, what do Amazon reviewers have to say about it? More than 400 customers have given it a five-star review, praising its ease of application, durability, and good value for money. Some of their cats even enjoy climbing up it as a fun activity!

The pad is made from 0.14-inch felt, which the manufacturer says has a "realistic carpet material," tricking your feline into thinking it's the real thing. You can also wrap it around your existing scratching post if it’s in need of a refresher.

Benefits of cat scratching pads

✅ Takes up less space than a scratching post
✅ Can help reduce stress and anxiety
✅ Helps maintain healthy claws
✅ Allows your cat to mark their territory and communicate with other cats
✅ Promotes stretching and flexibility
✅ Cats are less likely to attack furniture

How long do Prime Day deals last?

Unfortunately, the Amazon Prime Day deals are ending tonight (July 11), so you don't have long to snag yourself a bargain.

Want more pet deals? Check out this WFH cat desk at its lowest price ever or this microchip automatic feeder that's $93 off. You might also want to learn how PetsRadar finds the best deals

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Microchip feeders are the easiest way to stop your cats from stealing each other's food – and I've just spotted this premium model with a saving of $93 in the Amazon Prime Day sale.

So how do they work? Each cat has their own bowl, which only opens for them. It's registered to their unique microchip number (or to an electronic ID tag fitted on their collar), and the bowl detects which cat is attempting to eat the food.

This is particularly helpful if your cats need to be on different diets – whether due to medical conditions or age – or if one of them is getting a little too greedy for their own good and becoming overweight.

It might look a little intimidating to set up, but our testers reassured me that it's super easy to get the hang of – simply press the 'add pet' button, encourage your cat to go near the food bowl, and the device will pair with your cat. Every time they go up to their bowl in the future, it will open just for them.

Don't worry if your cat isn't microchipped yet – the feeder comes with an electronic ID disk that you can attach to their collar, which works in the same way. It's compatible with most microchip numbers, including ISO and 15-digit styles.

I love how it works with both the best wet cat food and the best dry cat food, so you have flexibility in what you feed them. The closed lid and ice pack compartment ensure their food stays fresh – unlike traditional bowls that attract flies and stink out your home.

The bowl itself is made from food-grade materials, free from BPA and phthalates, and it's easy to remove and pop in the dishwasher after each use. There's nothing worse than cleaning smelly wet cat food from a bowl, so it's great how quick it is to clean!

The feeder is compatible with cats and small dogs (between 2–10 kg), and it has a tamper-resistant design to stop even the slickest of thieves, with fully enclosed sides.

Whether your pets are on separate diets or one of them is struggling to eat due to food anxiety, this bowl is going to save you so much time and energy trying to put them in different rooms or move them away from each other's bowls. It's expensive for good reason, so I'd definitely jump on this 43% discount today while it's still available.

How long do Prime Day deals last?

The Prime Day sale ends tonight (July 11), so we wouldn’t leave your basket hanging much longer!

For more Prime Day savings, check out this WFH cat desk at its lowest price ever or this discounted Frontline flea treatment under $30. You might also want to learn how PetsRadar finds the best deals

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If your cats eat too fast for their own good, most behaviorists recommend investing in one of the best puzzle feeders for cats – and I've just found my favorite one for less than $10 in the Amazon Prime Day sale.

I've been using this feeder for the past year and have been really impressed with the results – my cats eat so much slower and no longer pester me straight away. If I didn't already have it, I'd be snapping up this 19% discount

I know this looks like a nightmare to wash, but thankfully it’s dishwasher-safe, so you won’t have to worry about cleaning each individual slot. It’s easier than you think to fill with wet food – simply squeeze your sachet on top and spread it evenly with the back of a spoon. It also works great for rationing out the best cat treats!

Catstages makes some of the best puzzle feeders I've ever tested, and I love how they're made from food-safe materials, free from BPA, PVC, and phthalates. The discount isn’t the best, but my cats also enjoy using their Buggin' Out Puzzle, which I'd highly recommend for beginners.

Puzzle feeders are the easiest way to boost your cat's enrichment; they only require a couple of minutes of your time, but will keep your cat occupied for much longer.

Benefits of cat puzzle feeders

✅Slow down eating: If your cat vomits after their meal, chances are they’re eating too quickly. By using a cat puzzle feeder, you'll significantly reduce their speed and save yourself from cleaning up the mess later.

✅Reduce destructive behavior: Boredom can lead to unwanted behaviors like aggression and overgrooming. By providing plenty of mental stimulation, you'll address the root cause of many behavioral issues.

✅Prevent overeating: When your cat eats more slowly and carefully, they’re less likely to overeat or beg for more food afterward. In turn, this can help prevent obesity and weight gain.

✅Encourage foraging instincts: Puzzle feeders tap into your cat's natural foraging and hunting instincts, keeping their brain sharp and their mind happy.

For under $10, this deal is worth snapping up!

How long do Prime Day deals last?

Amazon Prime Day 2025 will run from July 8–11, making it the first four-day event in history. The sale might be longer this year, but I've noticed some deals disappearing randomly, so I wouldn't wait around too long to avoid disappointment.

For more Prime Day savings, read about this WFH desk bed for cats that's $20 off and this two-pack of pet cameras for under $70. You might also want to learn how PetsRadar finds the best deals

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Many large-cat lovers find themselves struggling to decide between the Maine Coon vs the ragdoll and we're not surprised! Both of these cats are fluffy, affectionate, and great with children, but if you're looking to find out what sets these two breeds apart, we can help.

If you're looking for an active, playful and even slightly mischievous kitty companion, the Maine Coon is a great choice. They're very laid-back, get along well with everyone (including other animals), and while they may look like giants, they have very gentle hearts.

Ragdolls are famously friendly, delightfully docile, and absolutely adore being held and cuddled. If you're after a lap cat who wants nothing more than to love and be loved, they are a truly wonderful choice.

We understand that choosing a feline friend is a big decision, that's why we consulted expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to get her thoughts on these two breeds. She reveals everything you need to know about the Maine Coon and ragdoll, including how much exercise they require, what their grooming needs are and which type of owner they're best suited to.

Size: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

The Maine Coon and the ragdoll are both large, fluffy breeds, but the Maine Coon is the bigger of the two. One of the largest cat breeds in the world, the Maine Coon stands between 10–16 inches tall and can weigh anywhere from eight to 18 pounds.

While still a big cat, the ragdoll isn't as tall as the Maine Coon and typically measures somewhere in the vicinity of nine to 11 inches. They can, however, be heavier than the Maine Coon with some ragdolls known to tip the scales at 20 pounds!

Appearance: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

They may both be long-haired cat breeds, but the Maine Coon and the ragdoll have their own distinct appearances.

The Maine Coon is a large and muscular cat with a long body and a broad chest. They are solidly and ruggedly built, and while they're one huge kitty indeed, they're also very well proportioned.

Maine Coons have a very unique look which makes them hard to miss, with high cheekbones, a square muzzle, a wedge-shaped head, large, tufted ears and a very bushy tail.

While the Maine Coon has a shaggy and dense coat, the ragdoll is known for their silky soft fur and elegant appearance. They have a short neck, sturdy legs, and large, oval eyes that come in the most beautiful blue. Ragdolls are a pointed breed, so they have darker colors on their ears, face, legs, and tail.

Intelligence and trainability: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

Can you train a cat? Absolutely! Although it's worth noting that some breeds take to training more easily than others. If you're trying to decide between the Maine Coon and the ragdoll, Dr MacMillan says that while these cats are of similar intelligence, the Maine Coon is more trainable than the laid-back ragdoll.

"The Maine Coon is naturally a bit more interactive, inquisitive, and playful, whereas the ragdoll is more of a lap cat. Both can be trained with the right patient and consistent approach, though you will probably get more advanced tricks out of a Maine Coon."

While training your cat might not be quite as straightforward as training a dog due to our feline friends' naturally more independent natures, with a little bit of patience, plenty of consistency, and a few of the best cat treats, you'll find that both of these breeds can master the basics.

Exercise needs: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

If you're looking for an energetic and playful companion, the Maine Coon will make for a great addition to your home. "The Maine Coon is the more active of the two breeds," says Dr MacMillan. "They enjoy climbing, playing, and exploring."

Because Maine Coons are so energetic, you'll find they'll benefit from different forms of physical exercise to help keep things interesting. They love opportunities to climb and if you've ever wanted to try hiking with cats, you'll find most Maine Coons respond well to leash training and enjoy accompanying their humans on outdoor adventures.

So, how does the ragdoll compare?

"The ragdoll is more relaxed and has less energy in comparison," Dr. MacMillan explains.

However, she goes on to add that while the ragdoll is the more docile of these two cats, all breeds require mental stimulation and options to play and exercise.

"You should be aiming for 20-30 minutes of activity, which can be broken into smaller chunks throughout the day."

Ragdolls tend to like interactive cat toys, but if you want to mix things up a bit and you're looking for other activities to do with your cat, you could also try food puzzles, obstacle courses, and games like hide and seek. Ragdolls are very people-oriented, so play sessions with you will be their preferred option.

Grooming: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

Long-haired cat breeds will always be higher maintenance on the grooming front than their shorter-haired brothers and sisters. According to Dr MacMillan, while both breeds need brushing a few times a week, their coats differ slightly.

"The ragdoll has silky fur, which is less prone to matting than the Maine Coons thick double coat," she explains. "The Maine Coon might need a bit more regular brushing to avoid knots forming. They are also heavier shedders than the ragdoll."

While regular grooming with one of the best cat brushes may seem like a time-consuming job, it's worth remembering that these sessions are a great way to bond with your feline friend.

Health considerations: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

If you're thinking of adopting a kitten or adult cat, it's worth being aware of the sorts of health issues their breed may predispose them to. We asked Dr MacMillan if the Maine Coon and ragdoll are known to suffer from any particular health problems.

"Like most pedigree cat breeds both the Main Coon and the ragdoll are prone to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM]. This condition causes abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can lead to blood clot formation and heart failure.

“Polycystic kidney disease [PKD] is another inherited condition, which can affect both ragdolls and Maine Coons, as well as other breeds. Cysts are present in the kidney tissue from birth and can gradually enlarge over time. The exact number of cysts varies between cats, as well as the rate at which they enlarge. Unfortunately, PKD is not a curable condition and can cause kidney failure over time.

“Hip dysplasia can affect both breeds but, in my experience, it is more common in Maine Coons. This hereditary condition affects the development of the hip joint. Affected cats often experience pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of arthritis.

“It is important to purchase your pedigree cat from a reputable breeder who carries out all the recommended health screens to reduce the risk of your kitten being affected."

Owner suitability: Maine Coon vs ragdoll

Both the Maine Coon and the ragdoll are very friendly, affectionate and even-tempered cats, but which one you decide to welcome into your life will depend on what it is you're looking for in a feline friend.

"The Maine Coon is the more playful of the two," says Dr MacMillan. "If you are looking for a lap cat then the ragdoll is a good answer, whereas a family that wants a more spirited, trainable, and almost ‘dog-like’ cat should choose the Maine Coon.

Both cats enjoy interacting with family members and other pets, though, just in slightly different ways. Ragdolls are patient, cuddly cats, whereas the Maine Coon will need a bit more physical stimulation and would be best suited to a more active family."

Read next: Facts about ragdolls or Maine Coon vs Norwegian Forest cat

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Last updated in July 2025.

I don't know about you, but my cats constantly pester me for attention when I work from home – jumping on my desk, knocking things over, and, most annoyingly, blocking the entire view of my monitor with their rear ends.

So, when I heard about the Desk Nest (an elevated cat bed that attaches to your table), I jumped at the chance to try it. I can confirm it's been a total game-changer – I can now have a productive day while getting paid to look at their adorable faces the whole time!

The only downside is that it's quite expensive, so if you're going to make the investment, I'd recommend doing so during a sale event. After doing a little digging, I found a hidden discount that will save you $20 by ticking 'apply coupon'.

Why I love it: My cats could spend all day curled up in this bed – and I'm not surprised, since it combines everything they love: being up high, having access to window views, and keeping an eye on my every move in case there are any food offerings.

The basket has a padded cushion inside that feels velvety soft, and it comes with a removable cover you can easily throw in the washing machine. Because of the material and its pale color, it does accumulate pet hair quite quickly, but this can be removed using a lint roller or the best vacuum cleaner for pet hair.

The space-saving design doesn’t take up any room on my desk, thanks to the gap between the bed and the surface – perfect for keeping paperwork out of sight.

Set-up: The bed can be attached to most types of desks (excluding glass), with an adjustable height and a rotating base that spins 360°.

Since it comes with everything you need (including picture instructions), setup is relatively easy, and it clamps onto your desk without leaving a mark. My desk is very close to the window, so I was skeptical about whether it would fit, but I was pleasantly surprised at how little space it took up.

Verdict: While there are cheaper alternatives available, I can vouch for this model being sturdy, high-quality, and wobble-free – it's something I can tell is going to last a long time.

If you're a cat parent who works from home or spends long hours at a desk, this bed is a must-have – it makes the workday ten times more fun.

Want more recommendations? Read our round-up of the best cat beds and best cat hammocks

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Here's a fun fact for you: did you know that the iconic sphynx cat came into existence in 1966 when a domestic shorthair gave birth to an aptly named hairless kitten, Prune, in Ontario?

Unfortunately, despite breeding efforts, Prune’s line died out in the 1980s. But that's not where the bloodline of this wrinkly feline ends. A similar natural genetic mutation occurred in the 1970s when a farm cat gave birth to two smooth kittens in consecutive years. Both bald kitters were sold to a breeder who crossbred them to develop the lovable sphynx we know and love today.

While this bald and beautiful hairless cat breed may look naked at first glance, on closer inspection, you'll discover that the Sphynx has a super soft coat that's often likened to suede. Along with being a pet-loving, allergy-sufferer's best friend, there's a lot more than meets the eye with this breed.

To dive a bit deeper, keep reading as we asked Dr Rebecca MacMillan for her expert advice on everything there is to know about the sphynx.

Are sphynx cats hypoallergenic?

It probably comes as no surprise to hear that a sphynx is considered to be a hypoallergenic cat breed. This unique-looking kitty is often referred to as a hairless breed and a non-shedding cat, so you won’t find fur left all over your home. Therefore, this cat can produce fewer allergens than other feline friends in the cat kingdom.

Of course, if you are intending to bring a sphynx home and you or your household suffers from allergies, it's worth highlighting that all cats produce the allergen FeI D 1, which is found in feline saliva. And, when cats lick their coats or shed, this allergen can be released into the environment, causing allergic reactions.

Therefore, there is no breed that is truly 'hypoallergenic'. But a sphynx's near-nakedness means it produces fewer allergens than many of its furrier counterparts.

Are sphynx cats good pets?

Sphynx cats are favored for their loving and sweet nature. They also love attention and have many mischievous (but lovable) ways.

“All the sphynx I have seen in practice have been very gentle and even-tempered,” Dr MacMillan confirms. “This means they would suit most families if their care needs can be met.”

And despite their lack of fur, this loveable fur friend still enjoys receiving lots of hugs and strokes—and you will too, as their skin is warm—they're like your own personal hot water bottle!

“Sphynx are more sensitive to temperature changes than other breeds, so they are more suited to an indoor cat lifestyle,” Dr MacMillan says. “They would be best with an owner who can meet their grooming requirements and provide them with plenty of attention and fuss.”

Sphynx cat health problems

Unfortunately, their exposed skin puts sphynx cats at a greater risk of skin complaints and ear infections.

“If they are not bathed regularly, they can experience greasy, itchy patches of seborrhoea,” Dr MacMillan says. “Too much sun exposure is a risk, with sphynx cats having a greater chance of developing cancer such as squamous cell carcinomas. This breed is also prone to urticaria pigmentosa, a skin condition that causes red crusty sores.”

As with many breeds of pedigree cat, Sphynx are also at risk from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

“This condition causes abnormal thickening of the heart walls, meaning it is unable to pump blood effectively around the body,” Dr MacMillan notes.

You should ensure that your sphynx cat is fed a good quality, complete diet which is appropriate for their age. Vaccinations, anti-parasite treatment, oral care and neutering are also important to keep your cat as healthy as possible.

Are sphynx cats high maintenance?

Regular bathing is essential for these furless cats. While its lack of coat means it won’t need brushing, the breed still needs frequent baths or sponging down to stop oil build-up on its skin.

Explaining why, Dr MacMillan says: “Sphynx cats need regular bathing to remove excess body oils from their skin. In normal cats, these oils would naturally be dispersed through their fur. “

Their lack of fur also makes them more at risk of sunburn than other cats. Therefore, Dr MacMillan highlights: “Their exposed skin needs to be protected from the sun.”

“This breed is perhaps best kept indoors to keep them safe from sun damage and skin cancer,” Dr MacMillan says. “Alternatively, you could consider the use of pet-safe sun lotion and limiting your cat’s time outside when UV rays are at their strongest.”

How much exercise does a Sphynx need?

If you’re looking for a low-energy cat breed, you won’t find it in a sphynx. These bald beauties need lots of physical and mental stimulation, although they are very happy to play independently and can do so to their heart’s content with the best interactive cat toys when you’ve got other commitments to tend to.

Therefore, like most cats, a sphynx will need around 30 minutes of daily activity. This can range from climbing the best cat trees, sitting on shelving or finding a cat-friendly window perch so they can watch the world go by from different places.

How much does a sphynx cost?

Generally considered to be one of the most expensive cat breeds in the world, a sphynx will cost anywhere between $2,000 to $5,000, so these cats will set you back a pretty penny.

This cost can reach up to $10,000 for some show-quality females.

Of course, the rarity of a sphynx helps to drive up its price. The same goes for its unique breeding challenges and individual care needs.

Should I get a sphynx?

The question we all want to know! For starters, due to their hairless quality, a sphynx will have different needs to most other four-legged friends in the cat kingdom. This includes regular bathing or sponging down to stop oil buildup on its skin. This kitty will also need extra protection from the sun.

However, it’s worth noting that what a sphynx may lack in fur, it more than makes up for in its chatter. Along with being chatterboxes, they also are considered to be dog-like in their behaviour—so if you’re not ready to welcome a dog into your home but are after a cat that will be a brilliant substitute for one, the sphynx could well be the cat for you.

Price will be another influencing factor. But either way you look at it, a sphynx is a brilliant breed of cat who are affectionate, loving and loyal in nature. So much so, they are considered to be one of the best emotional support animal breeds.

Read next: Facts about sphynx cats

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Cats can be quite tricky to read sometimes, especially because they don’t wear their emotions on their faces as much as dogs.

That’s why it’s important to know what your cat is trying to say with their body language. That way, you can better meet their needs, ensure that they’re a happy and healthy cat, and put your own mind at rest too because you’ll be able to suss out what they’re thinking!

Fortunately, certified cat behaviorist Saba Sayyed, or A Cat Behaviourist, has explained everything we need to know in a new post – let’s take a look at a few key body language indicators.

1. Tail flicking
Sayyed explains that, while most cat parents think it indicates attitude or annoyance, it can actually be a sign of overstimulation, anxiety, or uncertainty – particularly if it’s low or quick.

What you can do is give your kitty some space, and let them unwind for a little while before you engage with them again.

2. Slow blinking
It might look as though your cat wants to fall asleep, but slow blinking is actually one of the best signals your cat can give you. It shows you that they trust you and feel an emotional connection.

Return the gesture by blinking slowly back at them. It’s the feline equivalent of saying ‘I love you’.

3. Ears pointing sideways
If your cat's ears are pointed sideways, your cat might be unsure about the situation, on alert, or perhaps processing sounds or environments they’re unfamiliar with. It doesn’t mean that they’re relaxed, which is a fairly common misconception.

Because your cat might be feeling a bit on edge, simply stay calm and give them some space. Try to reduce the stimulation in the environment if you can, too.

4. Tucking paws and tail
Why do cats loaf? Well, it can mean that they’re feeling relaxed. But that’s not always the case. It can mean that they’re overwhelmed and shutting down emotionally.

Just as you might if your cat’s ears are pointing sideways, give them some space, and ensure they aren’t too overstimulated or affected by the noise or overcrowding in their environment.

5. Exposing their belly
We all know a dog who loves a belly rub, but is your cat inviting you to pet them there? In fact, when your cat exposes their stomach, they’re showing you that they feel safe – cats in this position feel vulnerable, so it means they trust you.

While some cats do enjoy belly rubs, you might want to simply leave them be.

Read next: How cats show affection or signs a cat is happy

When you’re on the train, you don’t expect to see a little kitten stuck on the tracks. But that’s what happened to Portia Duke, a tour guide on the Alaska Railroad, who managed to rescue the kitten she found while working over the weekend. Willow the kitten is enjoying playing with the best cat toys in safety, while Duke is aiming to raise money for the vet care the tiny feline needs.

Duke saw the kitten while the train stopped to switch engine crew.

“We could hear it crying over all the noise the train was making,” she told PetsRadar. “We saw it and radioed the conductor for permission to be able to get off the train, but unfortunately they run on a very tight schedule so it wasn’t possible.”

She couldn’t stop thinking about the kitten after, even calling a local campground to see if they could help, but they didn’t answer.

“It was crying so loudly that any number of wild animals could hear it – plenty of predators that would love to have a little kitten for dinner. And so my heart was just breaking.”

Because Duke was struggling to sleep that night, she drove out with her boyfriend in the morning holding out for the “one-in-a-million shot” that the kitten would still be there.

“At the same time, we heard that little squeaky meow and we both just looked at each other and started walking faster, because we knew she was out there,” Duke said. “She was alive and we found her within about 10 yards of where we saw her the day before 18 hours earlier. We were both just in complete shock. We just were stunned.”

They picked her up, put her in a carrier, and began trying to find an emergency vet to better establish her condition. A vet found that Willow weighed half a pound and was about three or four weeks old, and while she needed dewormer and antibiotics, and has some minor tail issues, she’s doing “really well” and becoming playful.

“She's much more sure on her feet,” Duke shared. “She's not wobbling and falling over as much and she's developing a personality. Obviously, to be a survivor out there all that time overnight, we can tell she's very tenacious. She’s a little fighter, a little survivor.”

If you’d like to find out more about Willow’s story, or donate to help contribute to her vet costs, you can do so on Duke’s GoFundMe.

Read next: Facts about kittens

There’s nothing cuter than a little kitten, but their small size does mean that they can get into some rather sticky situations.

Not least two kittens in Cornwall in the very south of the UK, who have survived being wedged alongside boiling water pipes and are currently on the road to recovery. They’ll eventually go up for adoption – and, hopefully, the rest of their lives will be a little less dramatic.

Bill and Barb, who are just five weeks old, were hiding in a shed for shelter when they were startled and went down a pipe that contained heating pipes for the main building.

They were due to be collected with their mother, who was scheduled to be neutered as part of plans to support a semi-feral colony by Cats Protection Cornwall Cat Centre.

Jasmine Nevitte, who is the center’s receptionist and also assists with the trap-neuter-return program, said of the ordeal: “I have been working with a gentleman to neuter all the cats in a semi-feral colony that live in his garden. When I went to collect the kittens from the shed, unbeknown to either of us there was a pipe in the back corner of the shed behind some boxes with the water heating pipes running through them.

“When I entered the shed the two kittens shot down the pipe and got stuck, tangled in some cables. I managed to get the first kitten, Barb, but behind her the second kitten, Bill, had gone in head-first and got totally stuck behind and under the boiling hot water pipes.”

Because Bill couldn’t get himself out, and there was no way to cool the pipes quickly, there was pressure to get him out before he suffered serious burns or died. Nevitte could reach his legs but couldn’t keep her arm there for long due to the temperature of the pipes, so, wearing insulated work gloves and a soft-shell jacket, she pulled the hot pipes back just long enough for her to grip Bill, release his head, untangle his legs, and pull him up.

“We took both kittens straight to the vets and amazingly Barb didn’t have any significant burns,” she said. “Unfortunately, Bill’s little bottom was more badly burnt than we initially thought, and he will need close monitoring, daily bathing and he is on antibiotics and pain relief.

“Although understandably shaken up from their ordeal, both kittens are doing well and behaving like typical, playful kittens. They are gradually adjusting to life with indoor comforts and getting used to humans.”

The kittens are getting round-the-clock care and are gradually being socialized, so they’ll be able to be rehomed when they’re old enough. Because they grew up in a semi-feral colony, they would have had little or no interaction with humans so far. But, as they’re so young, they haven’t yet developed their fear response fully and can learn to trust humans over time.

If you’d like to send the kittens and their friends at the center a gift, there’s an Amazon wishlist here.

Read next: How to prepare for adopting a kitten

Do kittens drink water? As a vet, this is a question I get asked very frequently –especially by new kitten owners keen to do the right thing for their furry friends. The truth is, while water is vital for all cats, the way kittens hydrate can vary depending on their age, diet, and environment.

I have been a vet for nearly 14 years, and during this time, I’ve helped many pet parents navigate the ins and outs of kitten care, including feeding, hydration, and health checks. Helping people understand what’s normal behavior in their kittens – and what’s not – is so important to ensure pets are getting the best care at home.

If you're looking to encourage your kitten to drink more water, I recommend trying one of the best pet water fountains, as many cats prefer running water to a stagnant bowl. But more on that shortly! First, let’s explore how kittens drink and how much water is considered normal.

Do kittens drink water?

Yes, kittens absolutely do drink water – but the amount they need and the way they access it depends on their age and whether they're still nursing from their mother.

In the first few weeks of life, kittens get all their hydration from their mother’s milk (or a suitable milk replacer if they’re being hand-reared). During this time, you won’t see them drinking water – their tiny bodies are completely dependent on milk for both nutrition and fluids.

Once kittens start weaning at around four weeks of age, their water intake gradually increases as their reliance on milk decreases. By the time they're six to eight weeks old and eating solid food, they should be offered fresh water at all times.

Kittens aged six to 12 weeks typically drink around 60–100 ml of water per kg of body weight per day – though this varies depending on their diet (wet vs dry food), activity level, and environmental temperature.

To put this in perspective: a 1kg kitten might drink roughly 60–100 ml per day if they’re on a dry diet, but much less if they’re eating wet food, which is about 70–80% water already. So don’t be surprised if your kitten drinks very little from a bowl – they might just be getting plenty of fluid from their food.

How do I encourage my kitten to drink water?

Some kittens are naturally curious and will lap up water from any bowl they can find. Others can be a bit fussier, especially if the bowl is in a noisy area or if the water isn’t refreshed regularly.

Here are a few vet-approved ways to encourage your kitten to drink more water:

• Use a pet fountain: Many cats (including kittens) prefer running water. Pet fountains keep the water fresh and moving, which can be more appealing to your kitten.
• Offer multiple bowls: Place several water bowls around the house so your kitten always has access to water, no matter where they’re playing or napping.
• Choose the right bowl: Shallow ceramic or glass bowls are best, as some kittens dislike the smell or taste of plastic.
• Keep water away from food and litter: Cats instinctively prefer to drink away from where they eat or toilet. This is a behavior rooted in their wild ancestors and can affect their willingness to drink.
• Try adding water to food: If your kitten is on a wet food diet, you can add a little more water to the food to help boost hydration.

If your kitten isn’t drinking at all, it’s important not to panic – especially if they’re eating wet food and otherwise behaving normally. But if they seem lethargic, have dry gums, or are refusing food too, then it’s time to contact your vet.

How to tell if a kitten is dehydrated?

Dehydration in kittens can happen quickly, especially if they’ve had vomiting or diarrhea, are off their food, or are overheating. It’s important to recognize the signs early, as dehydration can be life-threatening in very young animals.

Look out for the following signs of dehydration:

• Lethargy or weakness
• Dry, tacky gums
• Sunken eyes
• Loss of skin elasticity – gently pinch the skin between the shoulder blades; if it doesn’t spring back immediately, your kitten may be dehydrated
• Poor appetite
• Panting or rapid breathing

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially in a kitten under 12 weeks old, it’s crucial to seek veterinary attention straight away. Kittens are less able to compensate for fluid loss than adult cats, and even mild dehydration can escalate quickly.

Should you leave water out for a kitten?

Yes, fresh, clean water should be available to your kitten at all times, including overnight when you’re not there to supervise. Even if your kitten is on a wet food diet and doesn’t seem to drink much, they still need access to water in case they feel thirsty.

Make sure the bowl is clean, ideally washed daily, and topped up with fresh water at least once a day, more often if it's hot or your kitten plays with the bowl! For very young or clumsy kittens, use a sturdy, shallow dish to avoid spills or tipping.

If you’re crate-training or confining your kitten overnight, ensure water is available in a spill-proof bowl. You can even use a fountain if you want to encourage drinking and prevent stagnation.

Remember: establishing good drinking habits early in life helps support kidney and urinary health later on, so it’s well worth the effort now.

So, do kittens drink water? Absolutely, and it’s vital for their growth and well-being. As they wean and move onto solid food, access to fresh, clean water becomes increasingly important. Whether it’s through bowls or fountains, making sure your kitten stays hydrated is one of the best ways you can support their health at home.

Always monitor your kitten’s drinking habits and body language. If you’re ever unsure, it’s never wrong to check in with your vet – we’re here to help you raise a happy, healthy feline friend from day one.

Read next: Why is my cat drinking a lot of water?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Want to know how to help an anxious cat? You've come to the right place. Just like us humans, every one of our feline friends is unique, so while some will be bold and outgoing, others will be more nervous and slower to warm up.

Anxiety in cats is more common than you might think, and it can manifest in all sorts of different ways. Some cats may eat very little, others may hide away, and some cats may overgroom or even become aggressive.

If you have a shy or anxious cat, know that you haven't done anything wrong. Character is determined by genetic make-up, the experiences your cat had when they were a kitten and in their adult life before you adopted them.

The good news is there's plenty you can do to help your cat grow in confidence and feel more at ease. Here are 20 of our favorite tips and tricks...

How to help an anxious cat

1. Give them plenty of choice and control

Cats like being in control, which is understandable given that they evolved to be independent and solitary creatures. They like being able to make their own decisions and do things on their own time and terms, so wherever possible, let them decide what they do and when.

This might look like letting them choose when they sleep, when they're finished with an interaction, and when they want to play with their favorite cat toys. Giving them this choice and control can be a wonderful way to build trust and help your cat feel more confident.

2. Introduce new things slowly

Even cats who aren't particularly shy or nervous tend to be wary of change, so you can only imagine how much anxious cats dislike it. Whether it's your work pattern that's different, renovations going on at home, or perhaps the arrival of a new family member, keep in mind that these big upheavals are likely to cause your kitty a lot of stress.

While it's impossible to eliminate change altogether, when change is necessary, try to do it slowly to give your feline friend time to adjust. For example, if a baby is on the way, you can start preparing your cat many months before they arrive by introducing them to things like the crib and stroller. Whatever changes are going on, try to keep your cat's routine as consistent as possible.

3. Provide lots of places for them to hide

Most shy or anxious cats really benefit from places they can retreat to when they're feeling stressed. Investing in one of the best cat trees that's tall and features one or two condos they can hide away in is one option, but you can also create safe spaces around your home.

Under the bed is a popular choice among anxious cats, but you can also make a cozy spot behind your couch or other furniture, leave out empty cardboard boxes, clear out a space at the bottom of your closet, or erect some high cat-friendly shelving around your house.

This will give your cat plenty of places they can go to when they feel the need to hide away.

4. Keep interactions on their terms

Looking for ways to be the best cat owner? Let your feline friend interact with you on their own terms. While a confident cat may not mind being picked up and held for a short while, shy or anxious cats typically do not like being restrained. If you want to pet your cat, do this while they're on the ground and never disturb them when they're hiding.

Let your cat approach you first and initiate an interaction. They may do this by rubbing up against you, pawing at you, meowing, or simply coming closer. You can try gently stroking them on their head or under their chin and seeing how they react – they'll be quick to tell you if they don't like it!

By giving your cat lots of choices, you help them to feel safer, more relaxed, and more in control of the relationship they have with you.

5. Manage their relationships with other pets

If you live in a multi-pet household, you'll want to manage the interactions between your anxious cat and your other animals. Remember that cats evolved to be solitary, so having other cats or dogs around can feel very threatening to them.

When introducing pets to each other, it's important to do this slowly and not rush things, as this will give your pets the best chance of getting along. It can also be wise if you're thinking of adopting another pet to try to choose a breed that would be a good fit for your cat – for example, a fairly relaxed and placid cat or dog would be much better than one who is high-energy.

6. Let guests know your cat is shy or anxious

Many outgoing and friendly cat breeds love welcoming guests into their home and will be only too happy to greet them at the door. But shy or anxious cats are likely to have a very different response. Instead of viewing a stranger as someone they just haven't made friends with yet, they're likely to feel worried or stressed about having an unknown person in their space.

Let your guests know before they enter your home that your feline friend isn't very confident and can find new people overwhelming. Ask them not to interact with your cat unless your cat specifically chooses to approach them, and make sure those cozy, safe spaces are all set up and ready for them should they feel the need to hide.

7. Try calming pheromones

When it comes to how to calm a cat during periods of high anxiety, many experts recommend calming pheromones. These come in the form of plug-in diffusers, and they emit a synthetic version of a particular pheromone that cats produce, which may have a soothing effect on your feline friend.

While not effective on all cats, many owners report that using a pheromone diffuser has helped their cat feel more secure and at ease in their home.

8. Keep to a routine

Cats are creatures of habit and most value predictability in their day-to-day life, which is why sticking closely to a routine is so important. Try to keep things as stable as you can in your cat's life – that means feeding and playing with them at the same time each day, having designated rest areas, and being consistent in your interactions.

If you're worried about things like keeping meal times to a schedule, investing in one of the best automatic pet feeders can help take the hassle out of feeding your cat. All you need to do is program the feeder to release food at set times, and it will take care of the rest for you.

9. Be calm and gentle around them

Cats that are shy, anxious, or nervous do best with pet parents who are calm, patient, and consistent. Being gentle with your fur friend will help them feel safer and more at ease.

Speak in a quiet and soothing tone as most cats (even confident ones!) react much better to this than high-pitched, excited sounds, and keep your movements slow and relaxed rather than quick and sudden.

10. Make sure they're microchipped

Shy or anxious cats are often more prone to panic than their more outgoing and relaxed brothers and sisters, so make sure your feline friend is microchipped and your details are up to date on the system.

This means that if your kitty does panic and run off if something scares or startles them, you'll have a much better chance of being reunited. And if your kitty likes to have access to the great outdoors, don't worry – fitting one of the best microchip cat flaps will mean they'll be able to come and go as they please.

11. Encourage interactive play

If your cat is shy or nervous, gently encouraging them to spend time playing with the best interactive cat toys can be a wonderful way to build their confidence and help them to come out of their shell. However, it's worth giving some thought to the kind of play sessions you invite your kitty to join you in.

Cats that are naturally nervous or easily overwhelmed often benefit from a slower pace to begin with. You might want to try gently moving a teaser wand around the floor or slowly rolling a ball past them and seeing if they engage. Respect their space and start gradually – you can always move to faster play sessions as they grow in confidence.

12. Use positive reinforcement

Whether you're training your cat or simply trying to get them to engage with you, always use positive reinforcement. When your feline friend does something you like (such as coming to sit near you or joining you in a play session), use plenty of verbal praise and a few cat treats, as this will encourage your kitty to repeat behaviors that you're wanting to see more of.

Positive reinforcement helps shy or nervous cats to associate situations they're uncertain about with good consequences, helping them to grow in confidence.

13. Focus on quality time

With shy or anxious cats, you want to be present but not smothering. Cats are much more introverted by nature than dogs are, and many will become stressed if they're not getting enough alone time. You also don't want to avoid your feline friend altogether, as this won't help them to become more confident.

So what's a confused pet parent to do? Focus on quality time rather than quantity. If your cat is hiding under the bed, you may not interact with them directly, but choosing to sit on your bed and read a book lets them know you're there. Make sure you're around enough that your cat gets used to your presence, but don't try to force interactions.

14. Understand feline body language

Cat body language may seem difficult to decipher at first, but it's not as complicated as you might think. Learning to understand the ways in which your kitty communicates can help to build trust and enable your cat to feel more comfortable and confident around you.

Some things to pay attention to are your cat's ears, tail, and the position of their body. If their ears are flattened or tucked back, that can indicate they're feeling anxious, fearful or that they may become aggressive. A tail pointing downward or tucked also signals fear or anxiety. In terms of their body, if they crouch or curl up in a ball, that's another sign that they're feeling stressed.

You'll know your cat is feeling at ease if their face and body are relaxed, and their tail is held high with a relaxed curve at the tip – sort of like a little question mark!

15. Respect their boundaries

One of the best ways to build confidence in your cat is to respect their boundaries. Always move at their pace, not yours, and whatever you do, don't undo all of your good work at the first sign that they might like to engage with you.

Some cats take a long time to trust people, so if they're starting to show signs of wanting to be pet, for example, start with the areas they're most likely to be comfortable with. You might give them a scratch under the chin or behind the ears or stroke their head.

If your cat gets to the point where they're rolling over and showing you their belly, resist the urge to rub it. A cat's stomach is the most vulnerable part of their body, and it's a huge sign of trust if they show it to you. It's also one of the most sensitive parts, and most cats don't enjoy being petted here. When they show it to you, it's not an invitation to be pet but simply a sign that they feel secure in your presence.

16. Try desensitizing them to scary sounds

Depending on what your cat's particular triggers are, you may find desensitization helpful. This is a process of gradually exposing your feline friend to things that scare them and rewarding calm behavior as a way of building confidence.

This can be a great tool when it comes to certain sounds that freak your cat out. For example, if fireworks or the vacuum cleaner have them running for cover, find a YouTube video of these sounds and play it at a very quiet volume. Reward any positive behavior. Gradually increase the volume until your cat is able to manage being around that particular noise.

Pay attention to your cat's body language whenever you're doing desensitization work and adjust your pace as needed. Keep sessions short to prevent your cat from becoming overwhelmed.

17. Slow blink at them

When it comes to cat communication, the slow blink has got to be one of the cutest ways they say I love you. Cats don't like direct, prolonged eye contact, as this sort of intense stare is something they'd only use if they were about to engage in a fight with another cat.

Because direct eye contact is threatening, try to avoid staring at your feline friend and instead give them a slow blink. Slowly close your eyes and then reopen them, briefly looking at your cat with a soft and gentle gaze. This is a great tool for building trust with cats who are naturally shy or anxious.

18. Make yourself look small

You may not think you're all that big, but to your cat, you're positively huge! Cats are small creatures, and we humans really tower over them, so it's no wonder they feel nervous and anxious around us sometimes.

The key to looking more approachable in your cat's eyes is to make yourself look as small as you can. When your cat's around, try to get down to their level sometimes. Sit on the floor or lie down near them – you'll be surprised how much more likely they are to come closer when you don't seem so big and threatening.

19. Invest in a scratching post

This may seem like an odd one. After all, what does scratching have to do with confidence? Well, as it turns out, quite a lot. Having one of the best cat scratching posts in your home won't just save your furniture, it also provides your feline friend with an opportunity to mark their territory.

Cats transfer their scent from their paws onto any objects that they scratch, so this can be a great way to help your cat feel more comfortable in your home.

Scratching serves another important function, too – it helps to relieve stress. Not to mention, it's great for keeping your cat's nails in tip-top condition, and it provides them with a lovely deep stretch as well.

20. Be patient

This one can be easy to overlook, but staying patient when working with shy or anxious cats is key to helping them grow in confidence. Some days it will feel like you've taken one step forward and two steps back, but trust that the more patient and consistent you are with your feline friend, the more they will learn to feel safe and secure around you.

Read next: 32 ways to destress your cat

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Adopting an older cat is one of the kindest things a pet parent can do. Getting a cat from a shelter or rescue is already a wonderful thing to do, but with so much demand for kittens and younger cats, giving older cats a second chance is great.

While most adopted cats live out the rest of their days at home with the best cat treats, however, one cat parent returned seven-year-old Art back to the Pasadena Humane Society in California for being “too needy” shortly after they adopted him.

The shelter shared the news on Facebook, urging people to consider giving the “Velcro kitty” a forever home. It noted that his clingy nature and energetic personality made his first adopter a bad match, but that many others would find them a positive, describing Art as a cat who “always wants to be the center of attention, and will show off his perfectly fluffy belly to make sure that happens."

Fortunately, Art has found a new home – the shelter confirmed to People that he’s got his forever home with an owner who’s a much better fit. The shelter explained that, while his first adopter was experienced with cats, she wanted more of a lap cat. While Art was certainly affectionate, he’d sometimes bite or swat at her while playing.

Because she thought that they may not have been a good fit for each other, she brought him back. There were no hard feelings, however, with the shelter describing it as a “wise decision” – he even caused her to bleed after biting her too hard.

But after the initial post about Art being returned went viral, the shelter confirmed that, happily, he was “quickly adopted by another very experienced cat family” who had experience with more “feisty” felines.

Art was first brought to the Pasadena Humane Society in January, following the Eaton Fire – one of the Californian wildfires that caused so much damage earlier this year.

The shelter said: “We suspected that he was an outdoor community cat, but no one came forward to reclaim him. While he was here, he interacted with our volunteers positively, but would occasionally give indications that he was a little nervous with people.”

While Art now has his loving forever home, there are lots of other cats at the shelter who still need families. Recently, the shelter took in 19 cats who were found in a stolen U-Haul, and they’re expected to be available for adoption in the near future.

Read next: Reasons to adopt a cat and tips for taking care of senior cats