Pica in dogs may not be a familiar term to many pet parents, but it describes a surprisingly common behavioral and medical condition where dogs consume non-food items. As a vet with 14 years of experience, I’ve seen everything from socks and stones to toys and plastic bags eaten.

Many curious canines have been known to indulge in this unusual habit. While it might initially seem quirky or mischievous, pica is far more than a passing phase. It can pose serious risks to a dog’s health and wellbeing if left unaddressed, making awareness and early intervention essential.

Below, I’ll explain exactly what pica in dogs is, the common symptoms and causes, and how we diagnose and treat it. I’ll also discuss why it can be dangerous, and when you should seek urgent veterinary attention. I will help you recognise the signs early so you can protect your dog’s health and wellbeing.

What is pica in dogs?

Pica in dogs is the repeated eating of non-food substances that have no nutritional value. These can include stones, soil, fabric, plastic, metal, sticks, paper, or even feces. While many dogs will occasionally chew or mouth unusual objects out of curiosity, pica is different – it’s a compulsive behavior or symptom of an underlying problem.

In veterinary medicine, pica is not considered a diagnosis in itself, but rather a sign that something else may be going on. This can be physical (such as a gastrointestinal disorder) or psychological (such as anxiety or boredom). In some cases, pica can be dangerous enough to cause life-threatening complications like intestinal blockages or poisoning.

Symptoms of pica in dogs

The most obvious symptom is your dog actually eating non-food items. However, there are other signs that might indicate pica or complications from it, such as:

• Repeatedly picking up and swallowing inedible objects
• Vomiting or retching
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal discomfort or bloating
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy or weakness
• Signs of pain when touched around the stomach
• Evidence of objects missing from the home or garden

If your dog has swallowed something that could cause a blockage or be toxic (e.g., batteries, sharp objects or fabric), you should contact your vet immediately.

Causes of pica in dogs

There are several possible causes of pica in dogs, and sometimes it’s a combination of factors. The most common include:

• Nutritional deficiencies – Low levels of certain minerals or vitamins can trigger unusual eating habits.
• Medical conditions – Disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, anaemia, or endocrine issues (such as diabetes or thyroid problems) may be linked.
• Behavioural issues – Stress, anxiety, separation anxiety, or boredom can lead to repetitive chewing and swallowing of inappropriate objects.
• Learned behaviour – If a puppy discovers that eating something odd gets a reaction (even if it’s negative), they may repeat it.
• Breed tendencies – Some breeds, such as Labradors and Spaniels, are notorious for eating things they shouldn’t.
• Age-related changes – Older dogs with cognitive decline may start to display unusual eating behaviours.

How do you treat pica in dogs?

Treatment for pica in dogs depends on the underlying cause. Your vet will usually start with a full health check, possibly including blood tests, fecal analysis, and imaging (such as X-rays or ultrasound) to look for both the cause and any complications.

Management options include:

• Medical treatment: Addressing any underlying illness, such as treating anemia, correcting nutritional deficiencies, or managing gastrointestinal disease.
• Dietary adjustments: Feeding a balanced, high-quality diet and ensuring your dog’s meals meet all nutritional needs.
• Behavioral modification: Using training and positive reinforcement to discourage object-eating and redirect your dog’s focus.
• Environmental management: Removing access to tempting items and providing safe chew toys or puzzle feeders.
• Increased stimulation: Regular exercise, interactive play, and mental enrichment to reduce boredom and anxiety.
• Specialist referral: In some cases, your vet may refer you to a veterinary behaviorist for ongoing support.

It’s important to remember that pica can’t always be “cured” instantly – in many cases, it requires consistent management and patience.

Is pica fatal in dogs?

Pica can be fatal depending on what is eaten and the quantity. The most common and dangerous risk is an intestinal obstruction. This is when the swallowed object blocks the digestive tract. This is a life-threatening emergency that often requires surgery. Perforation (where a sharp object pierces the stomach or intestines) and poisoning from toxic substances are also possible.

Even if your dog passes the object without obvious harm, repeated ingestion can cause chronic irritation, internal injury, or infections. That’s why it’s so important to address pica early, rather than hoping your dog will “grow out of it.”

Pica in dogs can be frustrating, worrying, and potentially dangerous, but with the right veterinary support and a tailored management plan, most dogs can live happy, healthy lives. If you ever suspect your dog has swallowed something they shouldn’t, don’t wait for symptoms to develop – call your vet straight away.

By recognizing the signs, understanding the possible causes, and taking steps to treat or manage the behavior, you’ll be giving your dog the best chance of avoiding complications and enjoying a safe, fulfilling life.

Read next: How to stop a dog from chewing on wood and the best durable dog toys for chewers

Edited by Megan Milstead.

If your dog is afraid of the vet, they might show signs like barking, growling, and physical reactions, which can make check-ups and vaccinations very difficult – and might put you off taking them altogether.

To make vet visits more enjoyable for your dog, expert Dr Rebecca MacMillan says you'll want to give them plenty of praise and treats, as well as low-key interactions with staff members to slowly boost their confidence.

While working with a pet behaviorist or vet is the best way to help your dog overcome their fear, there are a few products that can help – like pheromones, supplements and pressure vests – that Dr MacMillan has recommended below.

How to keep your dog calm at the vet

1. Supplements

Supplements aren't a guaranteed quick fix, but there are lots of options available that could promote relaxation for your pooch, so it's definitely worth giving it a go. Dr MacMillan says that oral supplements can be helpful for some dogs and often contain natural ingredients like casein, L-tryptophan, and B vitamins, which have calming effects.

2. Pheromones

Dr MacMillan says: "Synthetic dog appeasing pheromones can also be useful. These replicate the pheromones released by mother dogs to calm their puppies, letting them know they are safe. These can evoke similar feelings in adult dogs too."

You can buy these as plug-in diffusers (like these ones) to place around your home, or, when visiting the vet, use an impregnated collar (like this) or a spray to spritz on your dog’s bedding, crate, and toys.

3. Pressure vests

For some dogs, pressure vests (aka Thundershirts) can have anti-anxiety effects, according to Dr MacMillan. They apply gentle pressure on your dog’s body, which can help them feel more secure in their environment.

Signs a dog is stressed at the vets

If you're wondering whether your dog is stressed by the vet, look out for these tell-tale signs of stress in dogs:

• Pacing
• Shaking
• Excessive yawning
• Nervous lip licking
• Drooling
• Body posture changes
• Face expression changes, like whale eye
• Excessive panting
• Hiding
• Fear aggression
• Toilet accidents

As mentioned earlier, if you want the best results, we recommend using these products as part of a behavioral modification programme run by a qualified behaviorist.

In some cases, where the dog is very stressed and unable to cope with visits at all, vets can prescribe medication to help manage their symptoms.

Dr. MacMillan says: "These drugs can be very effective at reducing severe anxiety, keeping your pet calm and allowing veterinary staff to do their job more effectively."

Read next: How to destress your dog and how to make vet visits less stressful

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When I got pregnant, I was became really conscious that I didn’t want my dog to be jealous of my baby.

A 2024 survey by insurers ManyPets suggested that 36% of parents reported their dog becoming jealous since bringing a new baby home. Signs of jealousy can include whining, displaying attention-seeking behaviour, resource guarding, destructive behaviour and even unusual toileting habits.

Envy can also go hand-in-hand with anxiety, and you might find your dog leaves the room when the baby is there, or displays behaviours such as overgrooming.

Having read up on all this while I was pregnant, I wanted to take steps to make sure that my German Shorthaired Pointer, Maple, didn’t display any jealous or anxious behaviours towards my baby when I brought him home. Here’s what I did—and a realistic insight into how well it worked!

1. Desensitise your dog to baby sounds, sights and smells

There’s a lot you can do to prepare your dog before your baby’s arrival. I used to play Maple baby crying noises on my phone, starting out quietly and increasing the volume over time.

We also spent time in the nursery, put up the Moses basket in our bedroom and had the pram in the house downstairs. This got her used to all the paraphernalia that comes with having a baby, so there are not too many new things all happening at once.

2. Go for a walk with an (empty) pram

It might sound silly, but this is a great tip to get your dog used to walking nicely alongside a pram before you bring a baby into the mix, too. It’ll give you a chance to practise that loose-leash walking, and your dog will soon start to associate the pram (and eventually baby) with walkies.

3. Provide your dog with their own safe space

This is really vital to ensure your dog knows they have somewhere to go where they won’t be bothered by the baby. If your dog is crate trained, you most likely already have this sorted. In our case, Maple isn’t crate trained, so we used retractable baby gates (like these ones) to ensure that she wouldn’t be disturbed when she was snoozing by the fire.

While Maple was generally calm and happy around my son, in the early days she would become quite worried when he would cry. When this happened, I ensured she was never stuck in the same room as us and was able to leave to go somewhere else, away from the crying.

4. Introduce your baby in the right way

How you introduce your dog to your baby will have an impact on those first impressions. Maple was staying with my in-laws while we were in the hospital, and when my husband went to pick her up once we were home, he took with him a muslin cloth that smelt of our son for her to have a good sniff of.

Once he brought Maple back home, we greeted her first, with our son safely out the way in his Moses basket, so she could have plenty of fuss and be excited without putting the baby in danger.

Once she was calm, we let her approach the Moses basket and have a sniff, and we rewarded her with a couple of treats. We did this regularly over the first few days, and she soon understood that the baby was nothing to become overly excited about.

5. Don’t force any interactions

Never try to force your dog to sniff or say hello to the baby; let them do it on their own terms. Some dogs may take longer than others to want to investigate the new arrival, and that’s fine.

Others may be more interested and need some gentle encouragement to stay calm. In time, your dog will become more and more used to having your baby around the house.

6. Maintain their routine

A lot will change when you come home with a newborn, but one of the things you can try to keep the same is your dog’s routine. Keep breakfast and dinner times, as well as walk times, the same as they used to be before the new arrival. Too much upheaval can make your dog feel anxious, so this is a simple way to help them feel settled.

While there were definitely mornings where I would rather have stayed in bed to catch up on some much-needed sleep, nipping downstairs to let Maple out and give her her breakfast did help to maintain a happy house in the long run!

7. Keep up with their training

As well as ensuring that your dog stays on their best behaviour, regular training sessions will give you one-on-one time with your dog, which will help prevent any feelings of jealousy towards your baby.

With Maple, I often did training sessions in the garden while my son napped, and she absolutely thrived off these. Even a quick five-minute session made her feel really appreciated, and gave her brain a workout to tire her out, too!

Any one-on-one time you can give your dog, whether it’s training or just a good sofa snuggle, will really help them to feel like a priority to you.

8. Treat them to a new toy – or two

Maple loves a squeaky toy, so buying her some new toys when my son was very young helped to keep her happy – and stopped her stealing his cuddly toys! Interactive toys (like the best puzzle toys) are also great to give your dog something to do while you’re busy with the baby, too, helping to prevent them from becoming bored.

9. Pay attention to what your dog is telling you

You’re bound to be busy with the new baby, but do keep a close eye on what your dog is trying to tell you. If they’re being more destructive than usual, they might not be getting the exercise they need. If they’re avoiding the baby at all costs, they might be struggling with the noise and the changes to their routine.

Remember never to leave your dog unattended with your baby, and if you are concerned about any of their behaviours, your first port of call should be their vet.

Read next: How I survived having a newborn with a high-energy dog or best family dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Some of the signs of aggression in dogs are simple to spot, while others are more nuanced, especially when it’s not your own pup. Without speech, dogs use their body language to communicate, and it’s up to us to interpret the signals correctly. What might look like a wag might in fact be a red flag. Is that dog smiling or snarling?

Aggression in dogs isn’t always due to anger. What might look like a harmless grumble could actually be your dog trying to communicate discomfort, fear, or stress. Left unchecked, these signals can escalate into something more serious. Recognizing the subtle cues early on can make all the difference in keeping everyone safe and your dog feeling secure.

With the help of vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we’ll walk you through some of the most common signs of aggression from obvious signals to the ones that might go unnoticed. With veterinary input, here’s our guide to what your dog—or others crossing your path—might be trying to tell you.

Signs of aggression in dogs

1. Excessive yawning or lip-licking

Licking and yawning are preliminary, passive signs of canine aggression, according to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. But they are a signal that you should heed.

“When a dog is first feeling uncomfortable, they may show some subtle signs indicating they’re stressed,” she says. “Excessive yawning, lip licking, leaning away, or showing the whites of their eyes (‘whale eye’) are all clues that should be taken seriously.”

2. Hair standing on end

We can describe humans as having raised hackles when we get stressed or annoyed, but the term really applies to dogs and other animals. It doesn’t only signal aggression, but can be shown in dogs feeling fearful.

“When feeling threatened, a dog may raise its hackles, the hairs around the scruff of the neck,” says Dr MacMillan. “The technical term for this is ‘piloerection,’ and it can help your dog look bigger and more intimidating.”

3. A hard, unblinking stare

In canine speak, staring tends to be a precursor to a fight. Not to be confused with the soft, doe-eyed, beseeching look that many dogs can give, this is a hard-eye, “Don’t mess with me” glare that behaviorists associate with aggression. It’s like the dog is saying, “Come any closer, and there will be consequences”.

The dog may be guarding a resource or a territory, and you’d be wise to change your behavior or movement patterns rather than challenge the dog to a staring competition so that you’re not perceived as a direct threat.

4. Tense body language

A dog that is tense or rigid is giving off signals that he is not comfortable with the situation. An aggressive dog will generally stand stiff-legged, tail up, ears pinned tightly, and leaning forward while staring intensely. Compare this to a calm, submissive dog, whose body language is the polar opposite.

5. A raised or slightly wagging tail

We are conditioned to understand that a wagging tail is a sign of a friendly, happy dog, but there are happy wags – and more serious wags, and it’s important to be able to read the difference.

Dr MacMillan explains: “A tail that is tense, stiff, straight, or raised above the dog’s back could indicate aggression.

“They may be wagging the tip of it as a threat gesture. A happy dog will have a loose, wagging tail that is freely moving from side to side.”

6. Ears pinned back

While a dog with its ears softly back is generally submissive, “a scared or aggressive dog will usually have tight facial features with pinned-back ears,” says Dr MacMillan.

It indicates tension and may signal aggression.

“This is a clear sign that they are not happy about something, and you should look at their immediate surroundings to see what is upsetting them.”

7. Growling

Growling is a normal way for dogs to communicate, although it can sound intimidating. Some growl when they play, but it can also indicate that they are trying to defend something or someone.

Not all growling is problematic, and even as low-level aggression, it is more of a warning sign than outright defence, but you need to understand what the dog is trying to communicate rather than exacerbating the situation before it escalates.

8. Baring teeth

There are many levels of a dog baring its teeth. Some appear almost to grin, as a sign of affection or expressing pleasure, some show their gnashers when they play. However, like growling, it’s also a way for the dog to emphasize that he has teeth, and he could use them if he feels it’s necessary.

Read the signals to decipher what he is communicating—if the “smile” is more of a grimace and accompanied by other signs of aggression, he’s feeling the need to assert threatening body language.

9. Barking

It is entirely normal for dogs to bark (although there are some quieter dog breeds), and it can mean several things.

For many, it’s a habit reinforced by human behavior. They bark, they get our attention. For others, it’s their natural form of communication when they want to alert the pack (or human family) that there’s a visitor or intruder. Many also bark when they play or in excitement.

However, if barking is accompanied by other aggressive tendencies, such as growling, baring teeth, and lunging at the leash, they are trying to intimidate.

10. Lunging

Lunging is not simply pulling on the leash, but is a more attacking movement designed to intimidate.

Dr MacMillan explains: “Lunging can be a sudden threatening movement that is often accompanied by barking, teeth-baring, and snapping in aggressive dogs.

“We also see it in excited dogs pulling on the lead and those who are poorly socialized, wanting to chase something like a bike or a squirrel.”

11. Snapping

Like one human snapping at another verbally, this is a sign of frustration and anger. Dogs may snap if they feel afraid or anxious, but also threatened and wanting to assert authority. They may snap at other dogs, pets, or people. A step down from a full bite, snapping is a warning sign that aggression is escalating.

12. Biting

“Biting is the ultimate sign of aggression,” says Dr. MacMillan. “This is often used when all the other signs have been ignored.

“Different dogs will escalate to a bite at different rates than others, depending on their temperament, breed, and previous negative experiences.”

However, even with something as ostentatiously aggressive as biting, there are examples of when it is not a threatening action. Puppies tend to explore the world with their mouths and often bite when they are teething. It’s important to nip this habit in the bud—it may be helpful to read up on tips on how to stop a puppy biting.

Read next: 10 signs a dog is happy and how to help an anxious dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver

Dogs chewing rocks is something vets in practice see time and time again. It always sparks some concern from owners. Whether your pup is picking up pebbles on walks or gnawing on garden stones, it’s natural to wonder why they’re doing it and whether it’s something to worry about. In this article, we’ll dive into the reasons behind this curious behavior and explore what you can do to keep your dog safe.

I have been a practicing veterinary surgeon looking after dogs for nearly 14 years now. During this time I’ve treated several cases where rock-chewing has led to chipped teeth, gut issues, and even emergency surgeries – so it’s a topic I take seriously. As quirky as this habit may seem, it can carry real health risks if left unchecked.

While it’s important to understand the causes, it’s equally vital to offer your dog safe alternatives to satisfy their natural urge to chew. If your pup enjoys gnawing, check out the best long-lasting dog chews for safer, more satisfying options.

Why does my dog keep chewing stones?

If your dog seems to have developed a fondness for rocks, there could be a number of underlying reasons. Here are the most common:

1. Teething in puppies
Just like human babies, puppies experience discomfort when teething. Chewing helps soothe their gums, and sometimes they’ll pick up anything within reach – including rocks. While it’s more common in young dogs, older dogs may continue the habit if it’s been inadvertently reinforced.

2. Boredom or lack of stimulation
Dogs are intelligent, active animals who need both physical and mental stimulation. A bored dog will often find ways to entertain themselves, and chewing rocks might be one of them. This is particularly true for high-energy breeds who don’t get enough exercise or enrichment.

3. Anxiety or stress
Chewing can be a self-soothing behavior, so if your dog is feeling anxious or unsettled, they may turn to repetitive actions like chewing rocks. Separation anxiety, environmental stressors, or changes in routine could all trigger this.

4. Attention-seeking
Some dogs quickly learn that when they pick up a rock, they get a big reaction from their owner – whether it’s shouting, chasing, or trying to swap it. This can accidentally reinforce the behavior.

5. Dietary deficiencies or medical issues
In rare cases, chewing or eating non-food objects (a condition called pica) can be a sign of an underlying health problem, such as a nutritional imbalance, gastrointestinal issue, or even a neurological condition. It’s always best to rule out medical causes with your vet, especially if the behavior starts suddenly.

How do I stop my dog from eating rocks?

If your dog’s developed a taste for stones, don’t worry – there are practical steps you can take to manage and prevent the behavior:

1. Rule out medical causes
Before tackling the behavioral aspect, always get your dog checked by a vet. Blood tests and a physical exam can help rule out pica, (a condition where dogs compulsively eat non-food items) anemia, or other underlying problems.

2. Provide appropriate chews
Make sure your dog has access to safe, vet-approved chews that meet their need to gnaw. These long-lasting dog chews are a great place to start. Rotate toys to keep things interesting and avoid boredom.

3. Increase exercise and mental stimulation
A tired dog is a happy dog! Regular walks, training games, scent work, and puzzle toys can all reduce destructive or unusual behaviors linked to boredom.

4. Use positive reinforcement
If you see your dog walking past a stone without picking it up – make sure you reward them. Treats, praise, or a quick game can positively reinforce the behavior you want. If they do pick up a rock, avoid shouting – instead, offer a trade with a high-value treat and praise when they drop it.

5. Supervise closely on walks
Use a short lead in rocky areas and redirect their attention if they start sniffing around for stones. If your dog is particularly persistent, consider a basket muzzle when out and about – it might not be pretty, but it can be a helpful short-term tool while you work on training.

6. Consider behavior support
If the habit is proving hard to crack, a qualified behaviorist can offer tailored advice. Make sure to work with someone accredited by a recognized organization like the APBC or ABTC.

Is it dangerous for my dog to chew rocks?

Yes – chewing or eating rocks can be extremely dangerous for dogs. Here’s why:

• Broken teeth: Rocks are hard, and a powerful bite can result in fractured teeth. This can lead to pain, infection, and the need for dental surgery.
• Choking risk: Small stones can get lodged in the throat or airway, especially in smaller dogs or puppies.
• Intestinal blockage: If your dog swallows a rock, it can get stuck in the stomach or intestines. This is a surgical emergency and can be life-threatening.
• Internal injuries: Sharp stones can cause tears or perforations in the digestive tract, leading to peritonitis and other serious complications.

If your dog is showing signs of vomiting, reduced appetite, abdominal pain, straining to poop, or lethargy after chewing or swallowing rocks – contact your vet immediately.

Do dogs grow out of eating rocks?

This depends on the cause. Puppies often chew rocks while they are teething and many will grow out of it as they mature and get their adult teeth – especially if they have access to appropriate chews and puppy toys and are positively guided away from the behavior.

However, if the chewing is due to boredom, anxiety, or has been accidentally reinforced, it’s unlikely to go away on its own. Older dogs can become habitual rock-chewers, and without consistent intervention, the behavior can persist into adulthood and even old age.

The key is early management – offer suitable alternatives, reinforce positive behaviors, and seek help if you’re struggling. Most dogs can unlearn the habit with time, patience, and consistency.

While it might seem like a harmless quirk, dog chewing rocks is a behavior that deserves attention. Whether it’s driven by boredom, teething, or stress, there are steps you can take to redirect your dog safely.

Always start by ruling out any medical issues, provide safe chew alternatives, and enrich your dog’s daily routine. And if in doubt, don’t hesitate to reach out to your vet, they are here to help and always have your dog’s best interests at heart.

Read next: Safe dog chews for aggressive chewers and best durable dog toys

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Heard of small dog syndrome? Chances are, if you're an owner of a toy breed, you probably have. Small dog syndrome is described as undesirable behaviors like jumping up, barking, or pulling on the leash that are sometimes exacerbated in small dogs.

These behaviors would simply not be tolerated in large breed dogs because they would become unmanageable so quickly. Vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan says, "These dogs are often allowed to get away with this sort of behavior, with many owners turning a blind eye because the dog is small and cute."

While a small dog jumping up at you may not be that threatening or dangerous, it is still behavior that you may want to nip in the bud. As with larger breeds, it's important to properly socialize and train your dog to avoid these unwanted behaviors.

In this feature, we go into all the characteristics of small dog syndrome, ways to prevent and the types of breeds most likely to suffer from it.

What is small dog syndrome?

"Small dog syndrome is a term used to affectionately describe an array of undesirable behaviors often seen in little dog breeds. This can include jumping up, barking excessively at people or other dogs, aggression, pulling on the leash," says Dr. MacMillan.

If you have a small dog that seems to have a lot of personality trapped in a tiny body, it might be worth investigating whether or not these are behavioral problems or if your tiny pooch is just a little spunky.

So what behaviors are included in this? Dogs with small dog syndrome can display the following:

• Jumping up on people
• Barking
• Aggression, including growling or nipping at you
• Biting
• General disobedience

Dog breeds most likely to suffer from small dog syndrome

While small dog syndrome can affect any small or toy dog breed, there are a few breeds that seem more prone to it.

1. Jack Russell Terrier

Jack Russell Terriers have big personalities, but with the right training and socialization, these dogs can be great companions.

It is important to note that this is a high energy breed that needs plenty of exercise. They are also one of the fastest dog breeds and can run up to 38mph!

2. Chihuahua

Chihuahuas can get a bad reputation for being feisty little pups, but these are very affectionate dogs. They are one of the longest living dog breeds, with a life expectancy between 12-18 years.

While they make great family pets, they may be better suited to homes with older children. Due to their size, they are relatively fragile and should be handled carefully.

3. Pomeranian

Pomeranians are full of life and are generally happy dogs. Their outgoing nature makes them one of the best dog breeds for extroverts.

These fun-loving dogs have tons of energy, so they will need plenty of exercise, around 30-60 minutes a day. It's also very important to socialize these dogs early on, as they are known for trying to pick fights with other dogs.

4. Miniature dachshunds

Dachshunds are a hound breed, meaning they were bred for hunting and tracking. Specifically, they are scent hounds who use their nose for these jobs.

These dogs can have a prickly disposition and generally bond closely with their pet parents, staying wary of strangers. Dachshunds can be a little challenging when it comes to training, but with lots of positive reinforcement and tasty dog treats, they can easily learn new tricks and commands.

How to manage small dog syndrome

Dr MacMillan notes that it's best to prevent these behaviors from happening early on. You can do this by socializing and training your dog when their puppies.

She says, "You shouldn’t ‘baby’ your small breed puppy, for example, by carrying them around or letting them nip or jump up at you. They still need to learn all the same social skills that large dogs do."

If you are already dealing with these behaviors, Dr MacMillan recommends reward-based training and praising the behaviors you want them to do.

"Seeking help from a qualified pet behaviorist is recommended if you are struggling, especially if your pet acts unpredictably or aggressively," she adds.

Read next: How to treat shaker syndrome in dogs

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

The 4th of July is an exciting time of year for us humans, but it can be a completely different story for dogs who struggle with anxiety.

From noisy fireworks to busy crowds, there are plenty of things that can cause our pets to feel stressed and worried during this period. While we can’t stop our dogs from hearing the celebrations altogether, we can help them feel more comfortable—and planning ahead is the key to success.

Below, vet Dr MacMillan shares four ways to help your dog feel less anxious on the 4th of July (or during any other major celebration), including training methods, helpful supplements, and preparation tips.

How to keep your dog calm on July 4th

1. Desensitization

If you struggle to find ways to calm your dog during fireworks, desensitization training is one of the best things you can do.

This might sound counterintuitive, but try playing fireworks sounds at a very low volume in your home and, over time, gradually increase the volume. Whenever your dog shows normal behaviors—like relaxing in their bed or playing with toys—reward them with their favorite treat to reinforce the positive response.

Dr MacMillan adds: "This will take time and patience and, for many dogs, is not something that can be rushed. This type of training is best carried out while your dog is very young and before they have developed any aversions, but it can also be done in older animals with anxiety issues."

2. Prepare a safe space

Create a den-like space for your dog to relax in—whether it's a sheet draped over some chairs or a towel placed on top of their crate. The key is to prepare this environment in advance so they have time to use it beforehand and recognize it as a safe area.

Dr MacMillan says, "You can prepare their environment ahead of the 4th of July to help them cope better on the night. Encourage your pet to use this safe space ahead of the celebration night by feeding them in there and putting their favorite toys inside it."

3. Supplements

Dr MacMillan says there are various supplement-style products on the market that could help with anxiety symptoms in dogs. While it can involve some trial and error, it’s worth giving them a try—just be sure to choose a reputable brand.

4. Pheromones

You can buy natural calming, appeasing pheromones that release positive chemicals to help your dog feel calmer and more relaxed. These come in various forms, including plug-in diffusers, sprays for bedding, and collars.

5. Puzzle feeders

It’s well worth investing in one of the best dog puzzle toys—especially if your pet is feeling anxious or bored. Dr MacMillan says they’re a great way to keep your pet occupied while fireworks are going off, diverting their attention to something fun and positive.

While all of the above can definitely help your dog feel more comfortable and accepting of fireworks, consult your vet for advice if your dog is very anxious about loud noises—they might prescribe medication.

Dr MacMillan adds: "Longer term, you should seek help from a qualified pet behaviorist who will help talk you through a more detailed sound desensitization program for your dog so that they will be better prepared for next year."

Read next: Ways to destress your dog and how to calm a reactive dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Dogs do an awful lot of things that we find cute, even if we don’t always understand their behavior.

You might be familiar with the way your dog behaves when they’re hoping for one of the best dog treats, or when they think they’re about to go for a walk, but what about some of the more misunderstood behaviors they engage in?

If your dog likes to nuzzle you, for example, you might be a little confused. Where does the behavior come from, and what does it tell us about dog body language? Well, fortunately, Pure Pet Food’s resident veterinary expert Dr Julian Norton – known for his UK TV series The Yorkshire Vet – has offered us an explanation.

“People sometimes ask why dogs nudge and nuzzle with their noses,” he begins. “Part of the reason is that dogs really feel part of the family and part of the tribe, and they’re trying to get attention by nuzzling you.

He adds: “It’s quite endearing. I think it’s a bit like when dogs come and lick us on our face or hands or that sort of thing. They’re just really wanting to be part of the family and get some attention.”

Nuzzling us to get attention while also showing that they feel part of the family? That sounds like pretty standard canine logic to us.

But, what about the other cute things dogs do? Dr Norton has also spoken about tail wagging, explaining that it doesn’t always mean a dog is happy – this is actually one of the most common pet myths.

“Look at the height, speed, and stiffness of the wag,” he says. “A high and loose wag often means your dog is pleased to see you, while a low, tense wag could signal uncertainty or fear. Learning what a wagging tail really means can help you get a better sense of your dog’s mood.”

Licking, meanwhile, is a social behavior that dogs can use as a way of bonding with us or checking in with us to see how we’re feeling. It’s something canines do to each other in the wild, so it’s no different for our more domestic dogs.

And, what about smiling? Sometimes, dogs can pull their lips back in such a way that it looks like a human smile, even though they don’t smile in the same way we do. “When this expression is paired with relaxed, playful body language like a wagging tail it means that they are feeling happy and ready to play,” Dr Norton tells us.

Read next: Most playful dog breeds

Dogs are often stereotyped as being happy-go-lucky and carefree, and many often are. But did you know that an awful lot of dogs are actually displaying signs of anxiety?

We all want to be the best dog owner and give our pups the best lives, filled with lots of love. However, despite our best efforts, a new study published in the Scientific Reports journal suggests that a huge 70% of dogs display anxiety-related behaviors, from compulsive licking to noise sensitivity to separation-related issues.

Separation anxiety is one of the most common forms of anxiety experienced by dogs. In extreme cases, it can be triggered when you leave the room, but more often it occurs when your dog’s left home alone or if you drop them off with the groomer, for example.

With noise sensitivity anxiety, the first trigger that comes to mind is probably fireworks – we know how much pets don’t like them (and here’s how to calm your dog during fireworks). But any unusual, loud, or high-pitched sounds can cause anxiety, from thunder during a storm to noises made by digital equipment.

Some dogs have social anxiety, while others can develop anxiety in older age due to cognitive changes. Some have guarding anxiety, and display aggression if someone approaches their space, food, or toys.

There are differences between sex and breed – female dogs are more likely to be fearful whereas male dogs are more likely to show aggression, for example – and it’s worth noting that a dog who displays a behavior related to anxiety may not have anxiety to the point where there’s a big impact on their daily life. However, the figures do make for worrying reading.

Dogs, like humans, can produce as much as 90% of their serotonin in their gut, and disruption to their gut microbiome can contribute to anxiety, as well as other issues like skin problems and digestive distress – here’s how to improve dog gut health for more information.

Because this can be caused by things like allergens, processed foods, and low-quality proteins, the vet-founded pet nutrition brand Omni is launching a range of gut-friendly and hypoallergenic foods. Each recipe, developed by vet Dr Guy Sandelowsky, uses novel proteins in order to reduce inflammation and support digestion, immunity, and behavior.

Read next: 5 things a trainer wishes people knew about anxious dogs

How to stop a dog from chewing on wood is a question I’m asked regularly in consultations – particularly by frustrated pet parents whose dogs have taken a liking to furniture legs, skirting boards, or even trees in the garden.

Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs, but when it’s directed at inappropriate items, it can be destructive and even dangerous. As a vet working in general practice, I’ve seen firsthand the complications that can arise from this habit – from splinters lodged in gums to serious gastrointestinal obstructions.

Below, I’ll guide you through why dogs chew on wood, what you can do to stop it, and whether popular methods like vinegar are truly safe and effective. I’ll also explain why punishment isn’t the answer and what to do instead. My advice is based on clinical experience, behavioral science, and what actually works in real homes with real dogs.

If you're looking for safe alternatives to satisfy your dog’s chewing instincts, I highly recommend checking out our best long-lasting dog chews guide. It’s packed with vet-approved options that can keep your pup busy and your furniture intact.

How to stop a dog from chewing on wood furniture

The first step in stopping your dog from chewing wood furniture is to figure out why they’re doing it. Are they bored? Teething? Anxious? Once you understand the cause, you can tailor your approach.

Start by removing temptation. Block access to particularly chewed spots with furniture rearrangement or safe baby gates, especially when you’re not supervising. Apply dog-safe deterrent sprays to areas that can’t be moved – these usually have a bitter or citrusy taste that dogs find off-putting.

At the same time, redirect the chewing behavior. Provide appropriate chew toys and encourage your dog to use them. When you see them chewing the right thing, praise them immediately and offer a treat – this builds positive reinforcement for desirable behavior.

Be sure your dog’s getting enough physical and mental stimulation. A tired dog is far less likely to chew destructively. Interactive toys, regular walks, training sessions, and games like hide and seek can make a huge difference.

Why do dogs chew on wood?

Dogs chew for a variety of reasons, and not all of them are behavioral problems. Puppies chew when they’re teething to relieve discomfort, just like human babies. Adult dogs may chew to explore their environment, relieve boredom, or cope with stress and anxiety.

Chewing can also become a learned behavior. If your dog once got your attention by chewing a table leg, they might continue to do it, even if that attention was negative. Some dogs also enjoy the texture or taste of wood, especially if it’s from the garden and has been weathered or carries the scent of animals.

In rarer cases, chewing may be linked to a medical condition such as gastrointestinal upset, dental issues, or a nutritional deficiency. If your dog’s chewing seems excessive or is accompanied by other symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or weight loss, it’s worth booking a vet check to rule out any underlying issues.

Does vinegar stop dogs from chewing wood?

White vinegar is sometimes suggested as a homemade deterrent to stop dogs from chewing on wood. The strong smell and sour taste may be enough to put some dogs off. However, this method isn’t always reliable, and for some dogs, it can actually be irritating.

Vinegar is generally safe when used in small quantities and diluted (typically one part vinegar to two parts water). But be careful. Spraying strong vinegar solutions on porous wood can damage the finish, and some dogs may react to the smell with sneezing or avoidance of the whole area, which may not be ideal if it’s somewhere they normally rest or eat.

From a veterinary perspective, I’d suggest trying purpose-made deterrent sprays first. These are specifically formulated to be safe and effective, and they’re much more palatable (or rather, unpalatable!) to dogs.

If you do decide to try vinegar, always patch test on a small, hidden part of the furniture first and observe your dog’s reaction closely.

Should you punish a dog for chewing on furniture?

It’s important not to punish your dog for chewing on furniture, even if it feels like the obvious response in the moment. Dogs don’t understand punishment in the way we do. If you scold them after the fact, they won’t connect the reprimand with the chewing and may just become confused or anxious.

Even if you catch them in the act, harsh punishment can damage your bond and increase stress, which can worsen destructive behavior. Instead, focus on positive reinforcement. Praise and reward them when they choose appropriate items to chew. Redirect them gently if they start chewing on the wrong thing.

If you need guidance on how to use rewards-based training effectively, you can read up on positive reinforcement for dogs.

Chewing is a normal, healthy activity for dogs, but when they start gnawing on your furniture or garden fencing, it becomes a problem. Understanding the underlying cause is key to resolving it. With patience, consistency, and the right tools, you can teach your dog what’s appropriate to chew and protect your home in the process.

The best way to start is with behavior redirection and environmental management, using safe deterrents and plenty of positive reinforcement. And remember – it’s always worth checking with your vet if the chewing is excessive or seems out of character, to rule out any health concerns.

Read next: Safe dog chews for aggressive chewers and best durable dog toys. Or, why is my dog chewing rocks?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

If your dog’s a natural introvert, you may be wondering how to help an anxious dog – especially if they are one of the dog breeds most likely to have separation anxiety.

Separation anxiety in dogs, which, according to the American Kennel Club, affects up to 14% of dogs, is just one reason your pet might be shy or nervous. It could also be fear-related, which is one of the reasons early socialization is so important for puppies.

According to dog trainer and author Pippa Mattinson, the critical time for socializing a puppy is up until 16 weeks, because up until that time, puppies will readily bond with anyone who shows them friendship. This ‘window for socialization’, as Mattinson terms it, begins to close at 12 weeks; at 16, it’s shut, and puppies will start to be wary, even fearful, of novelty.

Other dogs can be fearful due to past trauma, whether that’s neglect by a previous owner or an isolated bad experience. It could be linked to a medical issue or pain, or could even manifest as your dog ages.

Before we explore how to help an anxious dog, let’s first take a look at how to spot the signs of fear and anxiety in a dog. After all, knowing what you’re dealing with is the first step in finding a solution.

Signs of anxiety in dogs

Signs that your dog could be stressed or anxious include:

• Aggression
• Excessive panting
• Destructive behaviour
• Inability to settle
• Repetitive vocalizations
• Pacing
• Lip licking
• Ears pinned back
• Lifting paws
• Yawning

Owners who spot these signs consistently would benefit from learning how to help an anxious dog. Here are some tips to help you and your dog find your way together.

20 ways to build confidence in a shy or anxious dog

1. Establish a routine

According to dog trainer and behaviourist Renee Rhoades, predictability reduces anxiety, and keeping to a regular schedule can help an anxious dog become more confident.

Consistent patterns each day, such as a walk first thing before breakfast, mean your dog can become comfortable with the familiar, which is a great base from which to expand their horizons slowly but surely.

2. Get the exercise right

Ever heard the saying ‘a tired dog is a happy dog’? We’re not talking about physical exhaustion here, but just as dozing off after a long hike can be really satisfying for humans, so too is resting your paws after an energy-burning walk.

Dogs have an innate need to exercise, and not getting enough can have physical and mental ramifications, even contributing to anxiety and unwanted behaviour such as chewing.

Different dog breeds require different amounts of exercise to satisfy both their physical and mental needs, so consulting a vet’s guide to dog exercise is a good way to get a handle on how much to walk your dog.

3. Boost mental stimulation

Mental stimulation is arguably just as important as physical exercise. If you’ve ever hung out with a bored child, you’ll know that keeping the brain active keeps unwanted behaviour at bay!

Much like an unruly child, a bored dog will start to entertain himself if he spends too long with nothing to do. This could lead to destructive chewing and other undesirable habits you’d rather keep in check.

A great way to help your dog keep busy is with the best dog toys or long-lasting dog chews. A lot of trainers swear by filling a Kong with dog-safe treats or edible pastes and freezing it to give your pet a tasty puzzle that will take him a while to solve.

4. Check for signs of pain

Dogs are notoriously adept at hiding when they’re in pain, and can be even more reluctant to let you examine them. It’s one reason why it’s so important to handle your dog’s feet and legs when they are small.

A dog’s pain might indicate a medical issue or condition such as arthritis, and could contribute to fearfulness. As well as anxiety, signs a dog is in pain include restlessness, lip-licking, looking at or avoiding you when you go to touch them, shaking, abnormal gait or posture, or a reduction in appetite.

5. Consult your vet

Perhaps you’ve tried increasing your dog’s physical and mental activity and seen no reduction in anxious behavior? Or, maybe your dog is regularly exhibiting signs of pain? Don’t dwell in uncertainty – make an appointment with your vet, who can examine your dog and help you find the cause of your dog’s anxiety, or perhaps rule out certain medical conditions.

6. Consider physical therapy

Your vet may refer your dog to an animal physical therapy practitioner following a consultation, or it might be something to explore for your dog yourself.

Either way, it’s good to seek veterinary guidance on the subject, as regulations for pet physical therapy vary state by state. The American Veterinary Medical Association recommends that pet physical therapy be performed by a licensed vet, vet tech or a physical therapist with an animal specialization. You can also look for a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Therapist (CCRT) certification.

7. Work to find a tailored program

According to the American Kennel Club, anxiety in dogs is best tackled via a combination of training, preventative strategies like exercise and socialization, or even medication. Your vet can help you devise a program for your dog, and might refer you to other specialists such as behaviourists and trainers, too.

8. Learn your dog's body language

Once you’ve got a program to follow, learning to read and interpret your dog’s body language will help keep you on track by informing you when things are getting a bit too much or your dog needs to take a break. Why not take a look at our expert guide on dog body language?

9. Get the full history

Whether you’re taking a puppy home or adopting a dog from a shelter, get as much history on your dog as possible. Ask the breeder how the puppy has been raised and how many people or dogs he’s met. Shelter staff are usually very knowledgeable about their residents, but it doesn’t hurt to get as much information as you can about your new pet.

With all the facts, you’ll be able to tailor your dog’s first few weeks to help build resilience, whether that’s through organised meetups with your human and canine pals, obedience training, and more.

10. Avoid triggering situations for now

While exposing your dog to novelty or desensitizing them to tricky situations is important, the American Kennel Club states that it’s perfectly fine to avoid these challenging or triggering instances while you build your dog’s confidence. Far better to meet these situations when your dog is equipped with tools and training than to go into them with no support.

11. Signal to others

You can help an anxious dog by advocating for him, too. That might be politely asking an approaching owner to leash or recall their dog, or dressing your pooch in a harness or bandana that informs other pet parents he’s nervous, reactive, or needs space.

12. Tailor your doggy play dates

Socializing a nervous dog takes a bit more effort than one with a confident personality, and not something you want to leave to chance. Choose a friend with a suitable dog and ask if they’d be willing to meet in a neutral place (not your home or a favoured/busy dog park) and fully brief them on your situation.

They’ll need to be ready to only interact with you from a distance if needed, but even be prepared to abandon the meeting if you sense your dog is becoming agitated. Equally, gauge if your friend would be happy to arrange follow-up meetings to help build your pup’s confidence with his new canine friend.

13. Work with a professional

There’s no shame in turning to people who know their stuff in times of need, and when it comes to a shy or anxious dog, enlisting the help of professionals is the best way to take out the guesswork and know you’re doing the right thing.

It will mean a financial investment, of course, but if you implement and stick to professional advice, it’s sure to be worthwhile.

14. Use a pet cam

Suspect your dog has separation anxiety? Installing one of the best pet cameras in your home can help you assess what’s going on when you step out of the room. This could help you figure out the next steps to help your dog.

15. Give your dog a den

Battersea Dogs and Cats Home advises that all dogs have access to a space set up that they can use as their den. In other words, a safe place they can settle and relax without fear of any triggers.

This could be a crate or one of the best calming dog beds that creates a nest feel in a quiet, low-lit part of your home. It’s best to set these areas up away from a window or where there is excessive noise and foot traffic, so your dog can lie down in peace when needed.

16. Teach your pup to settle

Dogs with separation anxiety like to be with their owners 24/7, so building up independence skills, such as settling by themselves, is a big part of helping a Velcro dog.

To start with, place a food puzzle or snuffle mat on the floor away from you if your dog normally chooses to sit right next to you. Then, build up to securing the toy in a room away from you so your dog can’t bring it to you and solve it. In this way, you teach your dog independence, reward him for being alone, and show him that your absence can be a good thing!

17. Make your absence no big deal

Giving your pet lots of attention just before you leave and after you return can feel like offering reassurance, but in fact it can signal to your dog that something is about to change, and the anticipation can be stressful.

Instead, quietly leave your dog and, on return, don’t make a fuss of him until he settles. That way, you’re telling your pooch that your absence is nothing to get excited or agitated about – it’s simply par for the course.

18. Make it a game

Teaching a ‘place’ or ‘stay’ command and building up to using it to leave the room is another way to reward your dog for independence. This helps increase their resilience and rewards them for behaving quietly and contentedly in your absence.

You can make it a game by using the command to test your dog’s patience, even using your pet camera to check they’re in their place and increase the time you’re absent from a few seconds to a couple of minutes.

19. Try a dog sport

As your dog increases in confidence at home and in familiar places, why not see if they’ll come out of their shell with a dog sport? There are so many hobbies you can do with your dog, and finding a suitable dog sport class, which could be anything from agility to flyball to canicross, with a sympathetic instructor, could be the start of a great new outlet for your dog’s burgeoning confidence.

20. Don't rush your dog

Finally, it’s important to remember that progress is rarely linear. Break down your dog’s resilience training – be it learning independence, how to socialize, or some other kind of training – into bite-sized chunks and try not to be disheartened if you find yourself repeating or going back a step.

Remember, it’s a marathon, not a sprint, and the time you invest in taking things slowly will add up to more progress than skipping a step and over-facing your dog.

Read next: 32 ways to destress your dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Bringing your dog somewhere new can be exciting but also a little daunting, for human and canine alike. You might be wondering whether or not they’ll settle easily and how comfortable they’ll be in this new place.

However, with just a few careful plans, you’ll be able to help your pup get settled before too long, allowing you both to enjoy the change of scenery. Bringing some of the best long-lasting dog chews and treats with you will help, of course, but for everything we need to know, let’s take a look at this recent Instagram video from expert trainer Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior Consulting.

The most important thing you can do to help your dog, according to DeWillems, is simple: “Let them sniff a bunch and acclimate to the environment before asking them to sit still.”

She explains that skipping this step could mean that your pup becomes restless and that you’ll find it more difficult to settle them, no matter the training you do or the chews or treats you bring along with you. And, sniffing can help tire them out, and having a sleepy dog could help you relax in turn!

To encourage your dog to use that excellent nose of theirs, one of the best puzzle toys could be helpful, too.

If you’d like to help your dog settle further, chews, treats, and toys can all help. Sure, they won’t be quite as effective if your dog doesn’t have the chance to sniff as well, but they’re well worth packing before you head outside.

Some exercise can also be beneficial. If you know you’re going someplace with your dog, is there time for a nice, long walk beforehand? You can let them get some sniffing out of the way at the same time, too. If there’s no time for a walk, an active game at home or in the yard could be a great substitute.

Meanwhile, you could also practice settling at home first to get your dog used to it – here’s how to calm down a hyper dog for some extra advice! And, be prepared to leave if things aren’t going well – there’s no harm in heading home and trying again another day.

Read next: I'm a dog behaviorist and these are my 6 tips for socializing a puppy.

I have more than 20 years’ experience working with dogs, and am a fully qualified dog behaviorist, rehabilitator and trainer. Over the years, I have worked with hundreds of dogs with anxiety, dogs showing aggression and reactive dogs.

They often get a bad wrap and this shouldn’t be the case as many of them are suffering and are trying to communicate that something is wrong. Here are the things I wish people knew about anxious and aggressive dogs...

1. There are very few truly aggressive dogs

By that I mean out-and-out attacking, biting, fighting dogs that wish to cause people or other dogs harm.

Aggression is a word used far too broadly to describe a dog that barks on the sight of another dog or person, lunges at them or growls. Many of these dogs are usually scared, anxious or suffering from past trauma at the hands of people or another dog.

Too many people judge a dog and their owners when they see these trigger behaviors, and I wish people would be kinder and more understanding instead of judgemental and critical. Their eyes only see the behavior; they do not know the cause behind the actions.

The dog’s behavior is a signal that something in their world is not right, that drives them to act out in ways we perceive as aggressive or anxious. It's a plea for help and a sign that they are struggling to cope with their environment.

2. Anxiety, aggression and reactivity manifest in many ways

If you asked the majority of people to describe an aggressive or anxious dog, they would, no doubt, list the usual signs of stress; growling, snapping snarling and lunging or hiding, shaking and soiling themselves.

In fact, some anxious dogs can display hyperactive and boisterous behavior, with excessive barking, licking, mounting of other dogs, which could be construed by the inexperienced eye as badly behaved.

Likewise, an aggressive dog that has issues with people or dogs can show little in the way of the obvious signs, but can roll over on their backs, smile, give whale eye, show avoidance and hiding behavior before they eventually snap.

3. Dogs experience a range of emotions

These emotions include including fear, anxiety, excitement, happiness, and sadness. However, unlike humans, dogs do not have the same level of cognitive control over their emotions.

This is largely due to the differences in brain structures and the level of cognitive development between species. The canine brain, while capable of experiencing a wide array of emotions, does not have the same capacity for self-regulation as the human brain. In fact, it is thought that dogs have the capacity of a two-year-old toddler when it comes to managing their emotions.

The limbic system, which is responsible for emotional regulation, is less developed in dogs than in humans. This part of the brain includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which process emotions and regulate responses to stimuli.

In dogs, the amygdala is highly reactive and less inhibited by the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher order thinking and self-control in humans. As a result, dogs are more likely to react impulsively when they experience strong emotions. This is why impulse control is taught from a very young age and conditioned as it helps them to focus and cope.

4. Dogs can benefit from interventions

Just as humans sometimes need support to manage their emotions, dogs can benefit from interventions that help them cope with stressors and triggers. Understanding and addressing the root causes of a dog's emotional reactions is essential in helping them lead a balanced and happy life.

There is currently a huge stigma around dogs being prescribed anxiety medication. Again, if it were a human they would have the benefit of both medication and counselling, which is the equivalent of behavior modification in dogs.

There needs to be a more open-minded approach in this respect – particularly when the fear, anxiety or aggression is inhibiting the dog from learning any behavioral modification due to being so limbic and shut down.

5. Dogs can be trained and conditioned to be aggressive

Many people forget this. Although you may think of working dogs, such as police or army dogs, these dogs have been conditioned to behave in a certain way when commanded to do so in front of a stimuli that they have been trained to react to. This is a structured approach and therefore not a natural state of being for the dog.

The other aspect to this, which we see all too frequently in the news, is XL American Bullies being mixed with another guarding breed. They then have a genetic mixture of known guarding breeds and are taught to be aggressive to people, dogs or anything that moves.

Sadly, this is not the true nature of the XL Bully, but adding another breed into the genetic mix and teaching them cruelly and aggressively to behave in a certain way, has led to situation we are in today. This can be true of any breed of dog and its time we pointed the finger at the other end of the lead in this respect.

Read next: 8 reasons why your dog is anxious and 12 signs of aggression in dogs.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Do you know what it means for a dog to display conflict behavior?

This is when a dog feels conflicted – on one hand, they want to interact with someone, perhaps to get one of the best dog treats, but on the other hand, they’re worried or unsure. They want two conflicting outcomes.

It can be difficult to know how to react to and support a dog when conflict occurs in this way, but it’s easier to handle these situations than you might think. Amelia Steele, a professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant known as Amelia the Dog Trainer, has explained what we should know in a recent Instagram post. Let’s take a look.

“Conflict behavior is what happens when dogs feel a mix of emotions and wires get crossed,” Steele begins. In the video, she’s working with a dog who seems friendly and happy, and wants to come over and say hello.

However, she says, “There’s also an element of fear there. You can see sometimes he’s wiggling, sometimes he’s backing off, and this can be quite confusing for a lot of people.”

She describes it as there being one driver in the dog’s brain that wants to interact, and get the food or the attention, while there’s another that is scared and doesn’t want anything bad to happen – here’s how to support a scared or anxious pet for more advice.

“The presence of the conflict can be quite dangerous as dogs will push themselves into situations they would usually avoid,” Steele adds in the caption. “In the example above, a dog feeling only fear wouldn’t choose to approach a hand, but with the presence of food, they’d be more likely to push themselves into feeling uncomfortable if they think it’s worth it for the food reward.”

What we can do as their humans is look out for this conflict behavior and make sure they aren’t putting themselves in these situations. While you might think that this conflict behavior would, in the long run, help your dog form positive associations with your hands, for example, what you might see instead is a scared dog snatching the food and perhaps even biting the hand.

Read next: How to read dog body language and signs that your dog is stressed

Do you ever feel as though your dog can understand what you’re saying?

While it’s no secret that dogs can recognize words like ‘food’ and ‘walkies’, and can tell if you’re getting out the best dog treats or a favorite toy, a new study has found that they might be even better at understanding human speech than we previously thought – they can pick out words in conversations they aren’t involved in, allowing them to eavesdrop.

Per research carried out by the University of Sussex and the University of Lincoln in the UK and published in Animal Cognition, dogs can identify words that are relevant to them from regular streams of conversation – even when they’re spoken in an unemotive tone and not directly to the dog.

Fifty-three dogs belonging to various breeds took part in the study. Each dog was played streams of monotonous speech containing both relevant and irrelevant words and phrases, and would turn toward their parents when hearing familiar words.

Usually, when speaking to dogs, we use dog-directed speech at the same time as trying to read dog body language in return. This is similar to the infant-directed speech we use with young children, where we might say words or phrases in isolation and use a higher pitch or more expression. So, the study indicates that dogs can understand familiar words without their usual context clues.

Lead author Professor David Reby, of the University of Sussex, said: “Our research shows that dogs are able to pick out and recognize words relevant to them in a monotonous stream of otherwise irrelevant speech, even in the absence of the intonation cues we usually use to engage them.

“While this could be as a result of domestication by humans, further research should be conducted on wolves and other wild species to test if they have similar abilities.”

Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Lincoln, added: “The results show just how good dogs are at listening to us and how much they understand of what we say.

“This enhances our knowledge of how more complex communication and call sequences arose, which are necessary building blocks for language itself. This suggests that the ability to parse out complex communication, picking up meaningful fragments in babble, exists in a domesticated species rather than being special to humans.”

Going forward, the researchers are planning to find out the age at which puppies first begin to respond to human speech, which will help us learn more about language acquisition and evolution.

If you’d like to better communicate with your own dog, meanwhile, you might find this article useful: I learned these five dog body language cues and they changed my relationship with my dog.

For many of us, it’s not our favorite dog behavior, but barking is very common among our canine companions.

It’s totally natural and normal, and it’s not something we can realistically train them not to do at all – particularly when they can bark at everything from one of the best dog toys to the mailman walking by. That said, there might be times when you’d like to reduce barking, whether for the benefit of your dog or for the humans around them.

Fortunately, Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior Consulting is on hand to tell us all we need to know about barking. Let’s take a look at her recent Instagram post here.

“In many cases, it’s totally normal for a dog to bark,” DeWillems begins. “At the delivery person, when they hear another dog barking, when they’re playing, when they’re trying to get you to refill their water bowl, to ask to go outside… the list goes on!”

She compares expecting a dog to not bark at all to expecting a cat to not scratch – it’s just not feasible. However, there can be abnormal barking, which is a sign your dog is stressed and struggling to cope, while it’s also true that barking can annoy us and often not fit into the ‘human’ world very well.

“Barking is normal and there are times when we might need to reduce it, whether that’s for the dog’s wellbeing, or the human’s, or both,” she explains. “But keeping in mind how normal and natural barking is for dogs – and that excessive barking can be a sign of anxiety and stress – can prevent us from reaching for harsh and stress-inducing interventions to reduce barking. Instead, we can approach barking with curiosity and compassion.”

If you would like to reduce your dog’s barking, why not work with a professional? Take a look at our guide to learn how to spot dog trainer red flags to make sure you’re working with the best trainer for your pup.

Take a look at how to stop excessive barking here, too, in the meantime, and keep in mind that there could be all sorts of reasons for your dog to be barking so much. It might just be that they’re excited or they want some treats!

Remember, a barking dog is not a badly behaved dog. They might simply be trying to tell you something in the way that’s most natural for them.

Wondering how to know if your dog is happy? You've come to the right place. Our dogs may not speak our language, but they have plenty of avenues of communication to express their emotions – whether it’s delight, anxiety, or depression.

The signs of happiness are both easy to read and wonderful to see, whether it’s a wagging tail, zoomies round the yard, or healthy sleeping patterns, dogs have a whole repertoire of behaviors that shout out joy. We just need to learn how to read dog body language.

So, how to know if your dog is happy and truly living their best life? Let’s take a look at Dr Rebecca MacMillan’s 10 signs your dog is feeling, as we call it, “happy”.

10 signs your dog is happy

As pet parents, understanding these signals isn’t just heartwarming, it’s essential for our pups to flourish and part of being the best dog owner. Plus, there are several things we can do to keep our dogs happy and even more ways of boosting your dog’s happiness.

Of course, we shouldn’t presume dogs share the same emotions as we do. As vet Dr MacMillan says: “While we can never truly know what emotions animals feel and how they compare to human ones, we can safely say that dogs certainly put on a good show of being happy.

“Whether this is truly happiness as we feel it, we can’t say for sure. But certainly, a content, relaxed, and secure dog will show it in certain ways.”

1. Relaxed body language

Dr MacMillan explains that relaxed body language is a major sign that your dog is content. No tension means no anxiety; instead, they are feeling open-minded and comfortable, not on high alert.

“Happy dogs are curious and sniffing their surroundings, and their movements are loose, she says. “They may even do a play bow stance as a signal that they want to play with you. This involves lowering their chest on the floor, leaving their bottom up in the air.”

2. Waggy tail

A wagging tail is probably the number one signal that most people recognise as indicating a happy dog. Dr MacMillan says that the tail should be loose, not taut.

“This is often wagged slowly from side to side, and is very different to the fast, tense and upright wag that we might see in an aggressive dog,” she explains.

3. Soft eyes

It’s hard to feel happy if our jaw is clenched, our face is fixed in a frown, and our eyes are narrowed. The same applies to canines.

“A happy dog has calm facial features, with relaxed ears and soft, gazing eyes,” says Dr MacMillan. “They may also have an open mouth with a loose tongue.

“Your dog may also stare at you in a relaxed manner, blinking frequently.”

Ahhh, the puppy-dog eyes...

4. Good appetite

Many animals lose their appetite when they are nervous or under stress. It’s due to our primal fight-or-flight response kicking in, telling our body to be ready for danger, rather than anticipating a slap-up meal of the best dry dog food.

If your dog is eating well and keen to accept treats from you, he’s probably on an even keel and feeling that all is well with the world. If he’s too distracted for treats or leaving his food uneaten, he could be feeling anxious or sick.

5. Listens well

A dog that doesn’t obey commands or is tricky to train is not necessarily unhappy. However, a relaxed and contented dog is more likely to be in a position to listen to you and follow your cues.

A distracted dog is concerned about other priorities, whether it’s the excitement of chasing prey or a potential threat. Try to pick your training sessions in a place where he’s not on high alert and can give his full concentration, for a satisfying and ultimately happy outcome.

Likewise, a dog showing separation anxiety, or excessive chewing and destructive tendencies, is communicating that something is not right. He is not content in certain situations, as these are signs of stress or boredom in dogs.

6. Keeping company

Dogs are man’s best friend, so the adage goes. Each one is integral to the other’s happiness and wellbeing.

Dr MacMillan says: “A happy dog wants to be in your company, whether that’s staying close by in the garden, resting in the same room as you, or perhaps following you around the house.

“They might also be trying to engage with you, for some cuddles or a play.”

Happy dog equals happy human.

7. Physical touch

If your dog is making physical contact with you, such as leaning against your leg or sitting on your foot, it’s a sign he wants to express his love and bond with you.

It shows trust, while also providing them with a sense of comfort and security. All in all, it signifies he’s feeling affectionate, loving, and at ease close by your side.

8. Dancing and prancing

There’s no more joyful sight than a dog doing a happy dance or exalting in their own athleticism!

Many dogs will seem “particularly happy when you come home,” says Dr MacMillan, “running around, bouncing up, or wiggling around your feet.

“A sign of happiness is doing zoomies or happy, wiggly dancing.”

Over-exuberance may also be due to needing to let off pent-up energy, but it’s a rare creature that dashes around excitedly when they’re feeling low.

9. Sleeping well

It’s normal for a healthy adult dog to sleep for around 14 hours, but each individual is different. If your dog’s sleep pattern is normal, and they appear content and well-behaved at home, rather than restless and pacing, it’s likely that they are feeling well-adjusted and calm.

10. Happy to socialize

A happy dog relishes time to play, socialize, and meet other dogs. Many pups will rush to the car, hoping for an adventure. They are curious and friendly towards other dogs and people, being willing to interact.

If they seem uncharacteristically quiet or unwilling to take part in their usual activities, this should ring alarm bells that all is not well.

Read next: 10 signs your dog is stressed

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Did you know that there are signs a dog is stressed? They don’t shout or scream, slam doors, or cry, but we owners should be alert to several signs a dog is stressed so that we can try to alleviate matters.

The signals of anxiety in dogs are typically more subtle than ours, and as they can’t tell us what’s worrying them, we need to be extra-sensitive to reading their behavior.

According to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, there is not one ultimate red-flag stress sign in dogs.

“As with people, dogs can display their stress to varying degrees depending on personality type, as well as previous training and socialization,” she explains. “Of course, signs of aggression in dogs, such as growling and biting are clear red flags, but some dogs show other more subtle signs, such as wide eyes, excessive lip licking, or heavy breathing.”

The priority for us owners is to know what we’re looking out for. Here are 10 of the most common signs a dog is stressed.

Stress in dogs

Stress is unfortunately a familiar part of our daily lives. According to research in 2018, the Mental Health Foundation confirms that 74% of people have been so stressed that they have been overwhelmed or felt unable to cope.

The key for us is to take any stress signal seriously. Knowing our dogs and what is normal for them will help us notice any changes in behavior or body language quickly and to act accordingly.

Just as with humans, dogs suffer from both long and short-term stress. The latter tends to have certain obvious triggers – for example, the daily mailman or having their nails clipped. Dr MacMillan suggests using “training and desensitization techniques in these instances to help them become more comfortable” while reassuring them that “they are back to their normal self once the stressor has gone”.

Of more concern is when dogs suffer long-term stress, which tends to manifest itself in changes in appetite and behavior.

“Some can go into shut-down mode and seem to have lost all their personality,” warns Dr MacMillan. “They become so overloaded by stress that they no longer go into fight or flight mode, but instead become very depressed.

“This type of response is more commonly seen in dogs that have been abused or who have been taken into an animal shelter.”

10 signs a dog is stressed

1. Pacing

A dog that is restless and unable to relax is exhibiting stress signals. Just like humans will pace around a room, so a dog will make repeated circling movements, often in response to a certain trigger. If this is identified and stopped, he may then stop fidgeting and lie down peacefully.

2. Trembling, shivering, or shaking

Some breeds, such as whippets and Chihuahuas, naturally feel the cold and may shiver in inclement weather or when they get wet. Some will genuinely shake from excitement – perhaps at the start of a fun walk or at the sight of a squirrel. Trembling may also be a sign of old age, low blood sugar, poisoning, or pain.

There are many reasons why a dog may tremble, all of which should be carefully examined. Trembling can also be a sign of stress. Read all the other signals your dog is giving you to see what they are communicating.

3. Yawning excessively

Your dog’s yawn may be revealing certain information beyond the fact that he’s feeling sleepy. Excessive yawning is a sign that behaviorists will look out for. If a dog is yawning during a training session, he may be finding the tasks stressful or feeling the owner’s frustration.

If your dog yawns out on a walk, it’s highly unlikely he wants to take a nap. More likely, he is nervous about another dog or person in his vicinity.

Dr MacMillan adds: “Stress yawns will be more exaggerated than normal sleeping yawns.”

4. Licking their lips nervously

A dog that is constantly licking his lips or drooling more than usual is showing signs of stress. Of course, he may be hungry, thirsty, feeling sick or have sore teeth. However, if it’s obviously in response to a certain situation or trigger, then it may well be that he’s trying to send out a stress signal.

Dr MacMillan says that licking is “often seen in the earlier, more subtle signs of stress”, so it’s one to monitor and keep on top of.

5. Changes in facial expression

Some dogs are capable of an amazing range of facial expressions, even knowing how to make the most of their cute looks, with the puppy dog eyes that they know won’t fail to melt our hearts. But there are more ominous signs.

Dr MacMillan cautions: “Look out for ears that are tight and pinned back, and eyes that are wide open and showing their whites.”

She pinpoints the “whale eye” as an obvious distress signal – when the dog turns his head away from something but keeps his eyes on it, with the whites clearly showing.

6. Changes in body posture

Dogs can be revealing in the way they carry themselves. If you notice your dog changing its posture, such as turning their body away, cowering, clamping their tail between their legs, or holding a leg up, they are likely showing that they are feeling some level of anxiety. Their body posture will generally be tense and alert, indicating that the dog’s stress levels are rising.

7. Excessive panting

Why do dogs pant? Dogs tend to pant when they are hot, exercising or they are stressed. While panting is a normal way for dogs to cool themselves down, if they are breathing heavily when they have not been running around, and it’s not a hot day, this is likely to be a stress signal. It’s a sign of increased adrenaline, respiration, and heart rates.

Bear in mind that brachycephalic breeds tend to pant more as their breathing is compromised, so it’s a case of knowing what is normal for your particular dog.

8. Trying to hide

When dogs are scared or anxious, they will often seek shelter under beds or cupboards in an effort to escape from the situation. This is commonly seen with anxiety over loud noises, such as thunderstorms and fireworks or even overwhelming kids!

They may also hide in situations that they find traumatic, such as separation anxiety, a new pet in the home, or perhaps triggers if they were previously neglected.

Dogs also hide when they are in pain or feeling sick, so it may be their way of communicating that you need to consult your vet.

9. Inappropriate bathroom habits

You thought your dog was fully house trained, when suddenly little puddles – or even poops – start appearing indoors. Just like humans, dogs can experience an urgent need to defecate when adrenaline runs high – their fight or flight instinct kicks in and the urge to empty their bowels.

There is also a condition known as submissive urination, which is caused by fear. A dog may associate certain triggers with past punishment or trauma – even if they are now in a safe place – and they start inadvertently peeing.

10. Fear aggression

Aggression, in the form of teeth-baring, growling, or biting, is a serious signal, which indicates – according to vet Dr MacMillan – that “more subtle signs have been ignored so the dog has had to escalate their communication further”.

Aggression is nearly always a dog’s response to a threat – it is a recourse they have to defend themselves if they are feeling scared – but it can also be a sign of pain in dogs.

Read next: How to bond with your dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver

Does your dog ever scoot? For many dog parents, scooting is something that’s thought of as a little gross, while others find it amusing because it’s not something we expect from our pups every day.

However, dog scooting is often an indicator that something’s wrong with a dog’s rear end – their stomach might not agree with your decision on the best dog food, for example.

“Some dogs do learn to scoot because it makes humans laugh or gets a reaction,” says Annie-Mae Levy, a certified dog trainer and behaviorist at Woofz. “But if your dog rubbing their butt against the floor is new or happens way too often, you should be concerned.”

And that’s why Levy is on hand to outline four reasons why your dog might be scooting and what we can do to help them – let’s take a look.

1. Full or impacted anal glands

Not the most pleasant phrase to read, is it? Dogs have small glands on either side of the anus, and they contain an oily secretion that smells unpleasant – sometimes fishy or metallic.

Usually, it’s released when your dog goes to the bathroom to aid in scent marking, but if the glands aren’t emptied properly they can become swollen and cause discomfort.

So, if your dog seems to be scooting a lot, it’s best to take them to the vet to find out if they need their glands expressed. You might also decide to speak to them about introducing more fiber into your dog’s diet, too.

2. Worms

Sometimes, intestinal parasites – like tapeworms – can cause your dog to scoot. They cause itching around the anus, causing your dog to try to scratch that itch along the floor. “In some cases, you may even see small, rice-like segments near your dog’s rear,” says Levy. “However, unlike impacted anal glands, there will be no unpleasant odor.”

If your pup is scooting, a trip to the vet will help you find out if you might need to treat your dog for worms.

3. Allergies or irritation

Sometimes, a change in diet can lead to allergies and, in turn, itchy skin. When your dog has a food allergy, their immune system identifies harmless ingredients as harmful – this is where the allergic reaction comes from.

Old age can be an influence, too. Or, it might be that you’ve recently changed your dog’s diet.

“It's important to consult your vet, who may recommend a hypoallergenic diet or antihistamines,” says Levy. “An elimination diet could be an option, too.”

4. Diarrhea or dirty fur

“When a dog has diarrhea, it can create discomfort around the anus because the stool doesn’t form properly, making it harder for the anal glands to empty or leaving residue stuck to the fur,” explains Levy. “This can lead to itchiness or irritation.”

If you have a dog with diarrhea, get a pet-safe wipe (like these on Amazon) and clean their rear end gently. If diarrhea continues, take a look at their diet and visit your vet if you have any concerns.

Ultimately, scooting might not be pleasant, but it’s one of those weird things dogs do that are actually completely normal behaviors for their species. It’s just best to be cautious and speak to your vet if you’re worried.

If you’re a cat parent and you want to find out about scooting, this article may be helpful: Cat scooting: It is normal or a sign of a problem?

One of the most delightful aspects of sharing life with a dog is seeing them galloping around the fields, sniffing and having fun. However, for many dog owners, letting their unruly woofers off the leash is a stressful experience.

If your four-legged pal has selective deafness, disappears into the woods, chases animals and comes back when they feel like it, letting them off leash isn’t much fun.

A reliable recall affects how well your dog responds to everyday training. Naturally, the opposite applies. As a qualified dog behaviorist, I often find that a dog with poor recall also pulls on the leash, has impulsive behavior and doesn’t respond to basic owner commands.

Training recall in dogs is easy to achieve if you start training a new puppy when they come into the home. Still, in all the excitement of puppy cuteness, it’s easy to delay recall training. Then, the waddling pup that follows you around becomes the nightmare adult dog that runs you ragged out on walks. Training rescue dogs takes patience and time, but the same recall rules apply.

Don’t worry, it’s possible to teach a recall to even the most challenging dog. That might include having a good recall training kit and knowing how to approach training a recall you can rely on.

My top recall tips

I often tell my clients that we cannot possibly be as exciting to our dogs as chasing a hare or deer, sniffing, rolling in animal poop or playing with another dog. Therefore, we must find creative ways to use dog psychology to help build a solid recall.

The following tips should help bulletproof your pup’s recall:

1. Teach your pup that his name means to focus on you

One of the best ways to start this training is to speak your dog's name before you feed him. Call their name happily before you put the food dish on the floor.

2. Add a command

Once your dog consistently responds to his name, add a command, such as “Lily, come” or whatever word you prefer.

3. Add a visual cue

I raise my hands above my head, spread them apart and wave sideways. I gamify it so I might do a loud “whoop whoop”, and when the dog returns, crouch down in a play response. I teach my dogs a visual cue for several reasons:

• If they are far from you, your dog can see the visual cue even if they cannot hear you
• Many senior dogs go deaf, so a visual cue future-proofs a recall
• If you’re feeling emotional about your dog’s refusal to come back, a visual cue removes that emotion

4. Whistle train your dog

I use a gun dog training whistle for this purpose. Once your dog responds to his name, start whistle training. Blow the whistle before instantly feeding. Then, blow the whistle to call your dog into the house to get his food or a treat. Use every opportunity to practice.

The objective is to create a habitual response to the whistle so your dog associates the sound with a reward.

5. Practice on a long line

It’s best to avoid allowing your dog to ignore your recall. Use a long line or extension leash (like this one on Amazon) and a secure dog harness. Using a collar could hurt your dog’s neck if he runs to the end of the line.

Found this helpful? Read next: how I rebuilt my dog's recall skills with the help of a trainer and what high prey drive in dogs means

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Whether you’re a keen traveler and love to bring your dog along or you limit your pup’s time in the car to the necessities – like vet visits – there’s probably going to be times when you and your dog will need to hit the road.

But car travel can be unpleasant for dogs. Even if you try to make it as nice as possible, bringing along their favorite toys and making it comfortable for them, your pooch might experience issues like anxiety and motion sickness.

It can be difficult to tell whether your dog is happy in the car, however, and that’s why UK vehicle lease firm Select Car Leasing has teamed up with certified canine behaviorist Caroline Wilkinson, founder of Barket Place, and Claire Harris, founder of professional pet taxi service Pets 2 Place, to offer us all some valuable advice about traveling with dogs.

According to Wilkinson, a quiet dog is not necessarily a content dog.

“Some dogs are very clear – they’re going to whine, moan, and yap when they’re unhappy in the car – but others are more passive.”

Among the signs dog parents might miss, particularly when focusing on the road or trying to manage children in the car too, are panting, drooling, yawning and lip or nose licking.

“We need to always be able to check in on our dogs during a car trip because if you miss those signs of anxiety, the dog becomes more and more hesitant each time you get in the car,” Wilkinson adds. “If the dog is traveling in the trunk, invest in a mirror or even a camera, so that you can see what’s going on back there.”

If a dog has any issues with car travel, they won’t simply get over them over time.

“If you only go on one long journey a year with your dog there’s a temptation to think, ‘Ah, we’ll just put up with them being nervous,’ says Wilkinson. “But that can have a huge knock-on effect on all the other shorter journeys you also have to make.”

So, what can we do to help them? Harris urges dog parents to invest in crash-tested pet transport equipment (like this one on Amazon), for the safety of everybody in the car. Don’t let your dog travel in the front seat, either, as they’re more likely to cause a distraction there, and ensure that they’re restrained when you arrive at your location so they don’t jump out and risk injury.

“If you’re using a dog car harness to secure your dog in the back seat,” Harris adds, “Be really mindful that when the buckle clips together it can be really loud, with that ‘click’ sound often situated just behind your dog’s ears. It could startle the dog – perhaps even make them jump – and if you notice this happening you might want to switch to a different harness or consider a travel crate instead.”

Among the other advice they offer is never to put a dog coat underneath a harness, avoid giving your dog a big meal in the couple of hours leading up to the trip, and provide them with plenty of water. By keeping your dog safe, hydrated, and cool in the car, they’re more likely to have a more pleasant trip.

Research has also shown that dogs prefer traveling in electric vehicles, too.

Here’s more advice about how to travel with a dog as well as seven dog car safety tips

Dogs have long held a special place in the hearts of humans. Their loyalty, intelligence, and endless capacity for love make them truly remarkable creatures.

I’ve been working with dogs for more than 20 years, but there are some things about dogs that still completely fascinate me.

1. Their noses

A dog’s sense of smell is absolutely incredible. Dogs have up to 300 million olfactory receptors in their noses, compared to about 6 million in humans. This enables them to track people, detect bombs, drugs and now in some cases cancer.

Dogs can also detect when a diabetic experiences dangerous changes in blood sugar levels or when epileptic fits are about to occur.

The other thing I find truly mind-boggling is that an entire male dog can smell a bitch in season up to three miles away! And a bloodhound can hold a scent for detection for up to 12 days when tracking over a distance of 130 miles.

2. Scent glands

Dogs sweat through their paws – they also have scent glands there and you may well have seen your dog scraping their paws on a surface or after they have toileted.

This is not to hide their poo or clear up after themselves as most assume, it is in fact a way of communicating their sex and reproductive status, health, and laying claim to territory.

This action leaves behind pheromones that also helps establish their place in social hierarchy. As gross as this is, if I peed outside, not one of my dogs will mark over it. Why? Because I am the matriarch.

3. Dander is more than what you think

One of the first things that I look for when working with a dog is if I can see dander. Dander is a stress response and looks like dandruff.

It comes up quickly and will disappear just as fast once the dog is relaxed or coping. I am yet to meet an owner who knows this!

4. The same body language can mean two different things

I spend my days observing dog body language – and sometimes the same action can mean two different things. To an untrained eye these and other body language signals can often be mistaken.

Yawning, for example, can be taken to mean a dog is tired but it is also a sign of stress. Dogs yawn as a form of displacement behaviour to release the energy that they are feeling, much like sniffing. This can be a normal dog behaviour patterns but also as a way of opting out and self-soothing.

Some owners think a dog is play bowing when in fact they can be stalking. You can tell the difference as when showing stalking behaviour in a bow the tail is erect, while if your dog is trying to initiate play their tail its wagging and the body is relaxed.

5. Their ability to forgive and love unconditionally

Sadly, in my job, I see many dogs that have been badly damaged and traumatised. However, one thing that never fails to blow me away is their ability to love and trust again! And often despite the abuse they receive, they will still remain loyal to the perpetrator.

A dog’s ability to forgive and the emotional sensitivity to our feelings is nothing short of mind blowing. Your dog knows if you’re ill, sad or happy, and will respond to make you feel better accordingly, whether that is laying by your side, licking away your tears or doing zoomies round the living room at your joy when your team score a goal.

Many dogs are used as therapy pets for this very reason. Whether it is to help a person with anxiety, autism or PTSD, a dog’s emotional intelligence can help someone who is suffering.

You can also guarantee that the one person they will always be happy to see come through the door is you, their owner. And they can pine when you leave them, such is the strength of bond that they form with their owners. The most fascinating thing about dogs is their capacity for unconditional love. They love their owners without judgment or expectation, offering a pure and selfless form of affection.

6. Their intelligence

Dogs are incredibly intelligent animals. They can be trained to perform a variety of simple commands and complex tasks – for example, assistance dogs can open doors, pass money over, click on switches, guide blind people.

Their ability to understand and respond to human commands and emotions is one of the most fascinating aspects of their intelligence. Some breeds, such as Border Collies, German Shepherds, Belgian Malinois and poodles, are particularly known for being the smartest dog breeds.

7. They’re so adaptable

Dogs are highly adaptable and can thrive in various environments, from busy cities to quiet rural areas. This adaptability is partly due to their ability to form strong bonds with their human families and adjust to their lifestyles.

Whether it's learning to navigate busy streets or cozying up in a small apartment, dogs have an incredible ability to adapt to their surroundings.

Want to learn more about dogs? Here are some more interesting dog facts

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Finding out how to bond with your dog is a top priority for many owners. Building a strong bond with your dog is crucial to making sure they live healthy and happy lives, and that's not just true for dogs.

Having a strong bond with our pets also help us thrive and feel happy in our lives. From serving up the best dog food to your daily walks, you're probably already well on your way to building the foundations of a strong bond.

But if you were looking for more ideas to strengthen the relationship, then be sure to check these simple tips and advice from our in-house vet, Dr. Rebecca MacMillan.

How to bond with your dog

1. Make time for play

You are probably already spending tons of time playing with your dog – and this is essential for building a strong bond. Play is how dogs communicate, exercise and even get in some mental stimulation.

Dr. MacMillan says, "The more you play with your dog the more they will see you in a positive light and begin seeking you out for even more fun."

Dogs love to be around you anyway and spending quality time with them will allow them to become more and more comfortable with you. Play doesn't have to be anything complicated. It can be a game of tug-of-war with some of the best dog toys, or a quick game of fetch.

2. Be the one to provide their food

If you can, try to make sure you are the one that feeds your dog the majority of the time. If someone else in your home is the one who primarily feeds the dog, they may naturally start to prefer them.

"It’s nothing personal, they just know where their bread is buttered – so to speak! So have a conversation and see if you can dish up at mealtimes," Dr MacMillan suggests.

3. Have a consistent routine

Having a consistent routine can help your dog know what to expect day to day. Try feeding, and going on walks or play sessions around the same time each day wherever you can.

This will help them to feel more settled while they’re with you. Plus, a predictable routine can also help reduce anxiety in dogs.

4. Show them affection

Don't be afraid to love on your dog. Showing affection is a great way to build and strengthen your bond. It doesn't have to be anything huge or dramatic, a simple ruffle on the head is often all it takes.

"It can be hard to fit in quiet time in our hectic lives but sitting with your dog, stroking them, or snuggling with them are big mood boosters," adds Dr. MacMillan.

5. Use positive reinforcement

We strongly support the use of positive reinforcement when it comes to training your dog. Positive reinforcement will encourage your pup to keep repeating the behaviors that you want as they will connect it to a positive outcome.

A gentle and supportive training method will make your dog feel safe in your presence and therefore more comfortable.

6. Provide enough mental stimulation

Mental stimulation for dogs is just as important as physical exercise. This can prevent boredom and the development of destructive behaviors. Keep a few of the best dog puzzle toys on hand for your dog to play with alone and incorporate short training sessions as another activity for you to do together.

If you're looking for help on training your dog, check out our practical tips for training your dog on your own.

7. Allow personal space

While dogs love nothing more than spending all their time with their favorite human, they may at times need a breather. It's important to set up a space in your home that your dog can go to, that's just their own. Be sure to respect your dog's wishes to spend some time alone.

Knowing how to read dog body language is important, too, so that you can spot the signs that your dog wants some space.

8. Invest time in training

This one goes hand in hand with positive reinforcement. There are endless benefits of training your dog, but one of the top ones is that it creates a bond between you both.

You can start with a few quick and easy tricks to teach your dog and build on that. Keep training sessions short at first so as not to overwhelm your dog.

9. Keep it calm

This should be your go-to mantra. Keep a calm voice when speaking to your dog, especially when trying to teach new tricks or behavior training. Keeping a calm environment around the house is also important.

Dr. MacMillan says, "Dogs are less likely to trust people that have mood swings or engage in negative discipline methods."

10. Exercise together

There are endless ways to workout with your pet. You can go for a hike or a run, or if you have one of the dog breeds that love swimming, why not hit the water together?

Spending this quality time together will give you both the health benefits of exercise, while also strengthening your bond.

For even more tips, check out how to the best dog owner you can possibly be and how to greet a dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

Like humans, sometimes dogs bite their nails. This can be for a number of reasons, from grooming to a medical issue, and many dog owners are left wondering if they should worry.

My dog, Dixie, sometimes chews her nails after a walk, which is part of her "tidying up" routine. Initially, it worried me, but she wasn't doing any damage so I let her attend to herself.

On the other hand, if she's due a nail clipping and her nails are getting too long sometimes she will try to take care of the matter herself. Trimming her nails with one of the best dog nail clippers tends to fix the issue.

But when should owners be concerned about nail biting? I spoke to vet Dr. Kelly Hood to hear what she has to say on the matter.

Why do dogs bite their nails?

Here are some common reasons why a dog might bite their nails:

1. Boredom
If your pooch doesn't have enough to keep them entertained, such as access to the best dog toys, chews or regular walks, they may develop a nail-biting habit for something to do.

2. Overgrown nails
Overgrown nails can be very uncomfortable for your dog and if left too long can hinder their movement and cause issues further up the leg.

3. Allergies
Some dogs, like people, have allergies. They can pick up irritants like pollen on their paws and chew their nails to try to ease the itch. If you're wondering how to help a dog with allergies, we've got a guide that can help.

4. Nail bed infection
Very uncomfortable for the dog, also known as paronychia, sometimes bacteria or yeasts can infiltrate the nail bed and begin to grow. One of the key signs is nail-biting, but you might also notice that the area is hot, swollen, and oozing blood and/or puss.

5. Generalized irritation
Sometimes, you just really need to scratch an itch, even though it doesn't have an obvious cause. This happens to dogs too!

Is it normal for a dog to chew their nails?

I asked Dr. Hood when owners should be concerned about nail biting, and when a vet needs to get involved.

"Don’t worry if the nail chewing is occasional, it can be a part of your dog's routine grooming habits," she says. "However, frequent or excessive chewing could mean there is a problem. If you notice redness, swelling, bleeding or any signs of pain, such as limping or holding the paw up, visit your local vet to check for allergies, infections or nail issues that may need treatment."

Should I let my dog chew on their paws?

Paws and therefore nails come into contact with all sorts of things as your dog explores the world, and sometimes those things will be less desirable.

From roads gritted to prevent ice to spilled oil from cars, if you walk over it, the likelihood is that it'll be on their paws when you get home. This is why it's important to give them a wipe down when you come in from a walk, especially if your dog is likely to try and clean themselves up.

While chewing nails isn't always an issue in itself, what your dog may ingest when they are licking their paws should be a consideration. So, should you try to prevent the behavior when you see it? I asked Dr. Hood.

"Don’t let your dog chew on their paw frequently. That isn’t normal and can signal issues such as allergies, dry skin, parasites or discomfort," she says. "Excessive licking or chewing can cause the paw to get irritated or infected. If your dog is often chewing their paws, check for redness or swelling and consult a vet."

Dr. Hood advises how to encourage your dog to stop biting their nails and discourage them from starting in the first place.

"To avoid paw and nail chewing, clean your dog's paws regularly. You can also add moisturizing balms and address any underlying conditions that can help prevent the habit. Be sure to trim your dog's nails regularly so they don't become overgrown or become a risk for breakage, which can be painful."

You might also want to read: How do you clip a dog's nails?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Is your dog smiling at you? Sometimes, when a dog’s mouth is open – and they’re perhaps panting too – it looks as though they’re smiling.

However, a ‘smile’ from a dog doesn’t always indicate that they’re happy or content, and could actually signify one of a few different things. If you think your pup’s smiling, it might well be because they’re happy – perhaps they’ve just seen you grab their favorite toy! But it could also be because they’re anxious, stressed or worried.

So we can learn more about a dog’s smile and what it could mean, Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior, has offered some examples in a recent Instagram post. It’s really interesting, so let’s take a look here.

“While photos are only a snapshot in time, they help us practice our observation skills,” says DeWillems. “Do you spot the other body language beyond just the open mouth that helps us guess how each dog is feeling?”

We can work out that the dogs on the left aren’t entirely happy, because their ears are back, their lips are pulled back, and they have either whale eyes (when dogs show the whites of their eyes) or wide eyes.

In contrast, the dogs on the right just look more relaxed in general. Their ears are neutral or forward, there are no wrinkles behind the mouth from facial tension, and the dog at the top has a soft gaze. They look content.

However, dog body language isn’t the only indicator. “You also want to look at context,” explains DeWillems. “Where are they and what are they doing? What’s around them? This gives us even more information about what might be going on.”

For example, DeWillems’ own dog, Lola, does a big mouth pant with her tongue hanging out after a playing session, while her ears are forward and there are no wrinkles at the corner of her mouth.

“When she is stressed or in pain, her mouth is usually open less and her ears are back. Knowing your individual dog’s baseline is crucial,” DeWillems adds.

Remember, every dog is different, and your own dog might have slightly different indicators to a friend’s dog. If you have more than one pup yourself, they might also differ!

If you’d like to know more about what your dog wants to communicate, here are the ways your dog shows they love you and signs a dog is in pain.

A common misconception among many dog parents is that we need our dogs to respect us.

This idea is often related to the outdated dominance theory – that dogs will naturally form hierarchies and need an ‘alpha’ leader. But it has no grounding in reality; the thing is, dogs don’t understand respect as a concept as humans do, so while we want our dogs to behave well, we don’t actually need them to respect us.

The experts at Happy Dog Training, led by founder and owner Piper M Novick, have explained with more information in a recent Instagram post, to help us better understand our four-legged friends. So, let’s take a look.

“Respect has nothing to do with your dog’s behavior or training goals,” the experts explain. “Your relationship with your dog is about reinforcement history, trust, and security.”

Dogs do whatever is reinforcing. If they’re displaying undesirable behavior, it’s up to us to make the adjustments – they aren’t being disobedient deliberately. We know that positive reinforcement in dogs is best.

“Dog guardians often come to us wanting their dog’s respect, or feeling like they don’t have enough of their dog’s respect,” they say. “Unfortunately, this is a major point of misinformation. Respect is a human concept and has nothing to do with your dog’s behavior.”

It’s not that we can’t feel frustrated when our dogs aren’t doing what we’d like. If a dog isn’t listening, it can be annoying! However, dogs simply don’t have a grasp on respect and what it is – they don’t have the cognitive ability, as smart as they are.

Dogs often choose to be in close proximity to us, and plenty of research has suggested that dogs can feel love, experiencing similar chemical reactions in their brains as we do. After all, we care for them, provide them with everything they need, and give them plenty of safety and affection.

But while they might love us, and enjoy spending time alongside us, respect just isn’t something they feel. So, if you’re struggling with your dog’s behavior in some way, keep in mind that it’s down to us to adjust what we’re doing – we don’t need to make our dogs respect us as their ‘pack leaders’ or anything like that.

Why not take a look at these common dog behavior problems and solutions to see if they might be able to help you? And, here’s how to train a dog with treats (using the power of positive reinforcement.

Do you know how your dog is feeling? If you’re a dog parent, you might feel like you’ve got a good grasp on dog body language – maybe you do, and that’s great!

However, it can sometimes be difficult to tell what a dog is thinking, whether they actually like their new long-lasting dog chew or are annoyed that we’re too busy with work to play with them at this very minute.

What we think they’re trying to tell us could be totally different from what they’re actually saying. Just like how a word or gesture that’s considered friendly in one country might be deeply offensive in another, behavior that we’d assign one meaning to could indicate something else entirely for dogs.

While we won’t ever know everything our pups are thinking and feeling, there are things we can bear in mind. Certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained what we might not realize from our dogs’ body language in a new Instagram post, and it’s really insightful.

In the video, Goodman is working with a dog, Pooh, who looks excited and ‘bouncy’. “Does this look like play or excitement to you?” she asks. “Well, it’s not…”

She explains that, while fitting a new harness on Pooh, she tossed some treats on the ground to encourage him to keep still.

“He quickly started getting very wiggly and flopping around,” she continues, describing his body language, “which is all appeasement behavior indicating he is a little uncomfortable with what I’m doing.”

Goodman explains that, at the time of filming the video, Pooh doesn’t know her well, and isn’t sure what to think about her bending over him and putting something new on him.

She compares it to someone laughing when something isn’t funny when they’re uncomfortable, and explains that dogs can do this when they’re overwhelmed, anxious, nervous, or overstimulated, too: “That’s basically what Pooh is doing,” she says. “Some breed types like sporting and herding breeds tend to have this type of response.”

However, it’s very easy to misinterpret this behavior as playfulness – or as obnoxious behavior, which can often be punished by dog parents.

“This is a great example that shows you don’t always know what may be a challenge until you’re in the moment and that’s where you have to be ready to adjust,” Goodman sums up – take a look at these things your pet is trying to tell you for more advice!

Would you like to learn more about body language in dogs? You might find this article from a fellow dog parent useful: I learned these five dog body language cues and they changed my relationship with my dog.

Does your dog dash outside as soon as you open the door to take them on a walk? Most of the time, our pups love going out for walks, and they can get rather excited when it’s time to head outside!

Having a dog who runs out of the door before you’re ready to leave can be frustrating on its own, but an overstimulated dog at the beginning of your walk can potentially lead to a reactivity or a dog who won’t walk nicely on their leash.

It’s a good idea to set up a good routine for when you leave the house, benefitting both you and your pup. Professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant Amelia Steele, or Amelia the Dog Trainer, has offered some advice in a recent Instagram post, so let’s take a look.

“How you start your walk will set the tone for the entire time that you’re out,” begins Steele. “So, if getting out of the house looks anything like this then here is what you’re going to do.”

She explains that your dog probably thinks your front door is a “magical portal” to everything fun. The idea is to change that association – rather than rushing out to do those fun things straight away, take some time to simply go in and out of the house.

“Once you’ve done that and your dog’s calmed down a little bit, then we can spend a bit more time getting their engagement,” continues Steele. “Remember that if our dogs can’t pay attention to us while we’re just waiting to go out for a walk, there’s absolutely no way they’re going to listen to us on the rest of the walk.”

Be sure to practice going in and out before the start of each walk, and fit some practice in between walks if you can, too. These practical tips for training your dog on your own could help you!

As Steele adds in the caption, “Exercises like this also really help to reduce overstimulation and get your dog in a mindset where they just feel calm and happy rather than super overwhelmed by everything that’s on the other side of the door.

“So no matter what you’re working on this exercise is always helpful!”

If your pup is gradually getting there, but you’d like some advice to help you cope with walks in the meantime, these ways to get your dog to come back to you on off leash walks could be useful. If your dog loves to pull and drag you, this article might be insightful: My dog’s leash pulling made walks miserable until I helped her reactivity, here’s how.

Even if your dog is perfectly behaved when you’re at home or it’s just the two of you, this might not be the case when you’re in public.

Some dog parents have to manage anxious or reactive pups, while for some people, it might be the case that your own dog is fine around other canines, and securely on one of the best dog leashes – but it’s the other dogs you’re wary of. And, even if your dog has a great temperament or you’ve trained them to ignore passersby in public, other people (and their dogs) might not know that.

If you’d like to know how to manage your dog around other dogs and people in public, you’re in the right place. Certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained everything we need to know in a new Instagram post that we’ll explore here.

“When it comes to managing your dog around other people and dogs, it’s about common courtesy” begins Goodman. While playing fetch with her dog, Aspen, in the video, she sees someone approaching with another pup. So, she gathers Aspen’s long line and limited the amount of line the dog had to make it obvious to the passersby that Aspen couldn’t run up to them.

“Aspen is incredibly sweet,” Goodman continues, “But that doesn’t matter. Aspen is typically very good about not approaching other people and dogs, but that doesn’t matter. She’s allowed to be curious, and I love how she just did a few more air sniffs before re-engaging with me.”

Once the other person and dog pass, Goodman drops Aspen’s long line and the pair resume their game as normal.

Goodman finishes, “If your dog has a harder time ignoring others, always hold on to their leash!”

In the caption, she explains that other people and dogs don’t know that Aspen is sweet, and that she’s been trained not to approach others. “So, I make it obvious to those passing that they don’t need to have any concern that my dog will approach them,” she says. “And if Aspen didn’t have a solid recall and/or had a hard time ignoring others, I would hold her long line at all times.”

While it’s a great idea to simply hold your pup’s long line if in doubt, you might find this article useful, too: Teaching my dog to 'stop' was the best thing I ever did, here's why. And, if you have a reactive dog, don’t miss this article: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.

It’s the most wonderful time of the year - but if you’re worried about how you’ll keep your dog calm this Christmas, then I’m here to help.

Parties to plan, presents to buy, decorations to put up, host visitors, food to cook… it’s no wonder that we all get a little frazzled at this time of year. While we’re busy ensuring every human has a perfect day, I often notice as a certified canine behaviorist that dogs are left out of the season’s planning.

Excitement can build up for weeks before - especially if you have kids - which can leave our dogs responding to the emotional changes in your home. And suddenly their world looks very different! Flashing lights, inflatable snowmen, Christmas displays in your local town. It’s a lot to take on board.

Once the best dog advent calendars have been chosen, it’s important to remember that festivities will go much smoother if you spend a little time planning and preparing for your dog’s needs in advance.

Read on to find out some of the ways you can turn potential chaos into calm for your dog this Yuletide season. Let’s turn potential ‘stresstivities’ into a fun time for all.

How to keep your dog calm over the Christmas period

Keep any training or rules consistent

Ask visiting family and friends to get on board with any rules you have in place around your dog that might impact their behavior (both naughty and nice!). For example, if you prefer your dog not to jump up to greet visitors or beg for food - then set them up for success!

Prep the best long lasting dog chews or food-filled toys for your dog, so that you have something to hand the moment guests arrive or you sit down to your Christmas feast.

Start working on a “settle” exercise. Build up value in your dog hanging out in their comfy bed by throwing treats in it every time they get in it. Then slowly build up some distractions, such as you walking around the room or knocking on an internal door of your home - if they don’t spring out of the bed, toss more of the best dog treats their way!

Avoid vet visits

Unfortunately, this time of year brings a lot of dangers for our dogs. To avoid a stressful (and costly) trip to the vets, pin a list of foods that are poisonous to dogs onto your fridge and make sure everyone reads it.

Some of the key danger items to note include: chocolate, cooked bones from meat, fruit cakes with raisins, alcohol, and grapes. To learn more about the foods to avoid, check out our feature on 32 foods that dogs should never eat.

Some decorations also pose a threat. If you have a young dog who loves to play with toys, glass baubles on the tree may not be ideal this year. Swap to wooden decorations or just go simple with a small table-top tree. You might want to read our expert guide on how to have a Christmas tree with a dog.

Communication is key

It's important to remember that not all humans are ‘dog people’ (crazy to think right?!). Let guests know in advance that your dog will be present. Ask if any of them have pet allergies, perhaps a new partner who’s scared of dogs, or are planning on bringing a dog themselves.

If you’re visiting friends or family instead, ask well in advance if they’re happy with your dog coming too - finding out if there’s any rules at their home, such as no dogs on furniture. Remember communication is key when it comes to successful interactions.

Plan your journey

If you’re traveling over the Christmas holidays, look for regular rest stops for your dog on your driving route. Ensure they’re safely secured while driving with a safety tested harness or the best dog crate. And if your dog gets stressed out by journeys, look at natural calming aids such as Rescue Remedy, calming chews, or supplements. Reach out to an ethical force-free behaviorist for further support.

Add in some solo time

The holiday break gives us extra time to embrace long walks, playtime and cuddles on the sofa. But remember that our dogs can quickly get used to us being around more - and then find it hard when we’re not.

Make sure you add in regular solo downtime for your dogs so that they don't struggle when your guests leave or you go back to work. You can also enjoy some solo time away from family and friends if it’s getting a bit intense by using your dog as an excuse to get out for regular fresh air.

Schedule in post-Christmas downtime

While we hope the festivities go off without a hitch, it can still be a busy and stressful time for all of us. Book in some quiet time for you and your dog during the Twixmas period - so that you don’t start the New Year feeling exhausted.

Is Christmas stressful for dogs?

While Christmas is all about having fun with friends and family, our dogs can find it stressful. Firstly, they’re experts at picking up on our emotions - if you’re feeling stressed out then that can lead to an increase in our dog’s own stress.

They have a lot to deal with from a stimulus point of view too - changes in your home and the outside world - a tree indoors, sparkling lights, people wearing hats and gloves that they don’t usually, not to mention festive jumpers that might light up! The world looks quite different which can be especially difficult for young dogs or a newly rescued canine member of your family.

If your dog is worried about new people or dogs, having visitors or going to other’s homes might cause them extra concern. And if your dog is at the more social end of the spectrum, they might just have too much of a good thing with lots of fun and excitement!

Remember that for us humans, Christmas may come ‘but once a year’ - but for our dogs, the stress and excitement may hang around in their system a little longer.

You might also want to read 32 ways to destress your dog and how to help anxiety in dogs.

You might not think that simply trying to get a dog’s attention wouldn’t be too difficult, but when your dog’s hyper-fixating on something, getting their attention can be pretty tricky.

Sometimes, however, you might need to get their attention sooner rather than later. If you’re out and about with your dog, there might be a safety risk – and keeping your dog safe around roads is incredibly important. Alternatively, you might simply need them to pay attention to you so that you can both continue your walk peacefully.

Whatever your reason for wanting your dog to pay attention when they’re hyper-fixating, you might find the advice in a recent Instagram post from Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior, useful.

Getting a dog’s attention when they are hyper-fixated on something can be really challenging!” begins DeWillems in her caption. “I use a mix of visual cues (me approaching), food, movement, my voice to redirect their attention away from something! This combo usually works, especially if I practice it a bunch without the distraction or trigger around.”

DeWillems will walk up the leash to her dog, rather than trying to pull them to her. She’ll then put a tasty treat right to their nose – don’t forget to ensure you’ve got some pretty high-value treats – before shuffling backward and using her voice to encourage them to move with her. Here, she’s able to use her full mix of visual cue, food, movement, and voice. Remember, positive reinforcement is always best!

“I use this if I’m worried my dog is going to bark or lunge at something, or if we are stuck in a dangerous place like a narrow trail with people approaching,” DeWillems adds. “I don’t mind if they are just watching and I don’t always intervene if there isn’t a safety risk.”

After all, if something’s grabbed your dog’s attention, it doesn’t necessarily mean that your dog is going to react. If your pup is intently staring at a squirrel, for example, it’s a different scenario from them being ready to react to another dog.

If you’d like more advice, why not take a look at these common dog behavior problems and solutions? And, while hyper-fixation may not always be rooted in aggression or a sign of reactivity in dogs, you may want to know how to handle dog aggression, too.

Dogs are great communicators. No, our pups can’t use language in the same way as humans, but we can read a lot from their body language and the sounds they make.

And over the last few years, many pet parents have been using talking buttons with dogs and cats alike. These buttons are based on devices that help non-verbal people to communicate, but are modified for pets. The buttons have words on them, and each has been pre-recorded to say the word when they’re pressed – so your dog might be able to indicate that they want some of the best dog treats, for example.

While it takes training for an animal to use them, the idea is that, if your dog wants to go for a walk, they can press the button for ‘Walk’ with their nose or paw. It comes easily to many dogs, with our canines blessed with an impressive ability to understand plenty of words.

But now, in a recent study, dogs have been observed using two-word button combinations to communicate, going beyond random behavior or simply imitating their parents.

The study from UC San Diego’s Comparative Cognition Lab analyzed data from 152 dogs over the course of 21 months, taking in over 260,000 button presses, of which 195,000 were made by the clever pups themselves.

Federico Rossano, lead researcher and associate professor of cognitive science at UC San Diego and director of the Comparative Cognition Lab, said, “This is the first scientific study to analyze how dogs actually use soundboards. The findings reveal that dogs are pressing buttons purposefully to express their desires and needs, not just imitating their owners. When dogs combine two buttons, these sequences are not random but instead seem to reflect specific requests."

In the study, it was found that the most common buttons used related to essential needs, with words like ‘outside’, ‘potty’ or ‘water’ among those most used. But the dogs taking part also used combinations like ‘outside’ with ‘potty’ and ‘food’ with ‘water.’ These occurred more frequently than expected, indicating that it was unlikely to be by chance.

"While dogs already communicate some of these needs," Rossano explained, "Soundboards could allow for more precise communication. Instead of barking or scratching at the door, a dog may be able to tell you exactly what it wants, even combining concepts like 'outside' and 'park' or 'beach.' This could improve companionship and strengthen the bond between dogs and their owners."

Meanwhile, the researchers compared and contrasted the dogs’ button presses to those of their humans, and the difference showed evidence that the dogs were not simply copying their owners – buttons like ‘I love you’ were pressed much less often by dogs than by people.

While this study offers valuable insights into how dogs can communicate with us, the hope is that future studies will look at whether dogs can use these buttons to refer to the past or future, or combine buttons to communicate across concepts when they don’t have the specific word.

Rossano said, "We want to know if dogs can use these soundboards to express ideas beyond their immediate needs, like absent objects, past experiences, or future events. If they can, it would drastically change how we think about animal intelligence and communication."

For more dog communication information, here’s how to read dog body language, and here are 32 things your pet is trying to tell you.

The teenage stage isn’t easy for anyone, whether you’re the teen or the parent. And that’s not only true when it comes to human teenagers, but canine ones, too.

Usually, the adolescent stage in dogs will begin when they’re between six months and a year old, and last until they’re between 18 months and two years – but it can vary. During this time, your pup will undergo hormonal changes just like human teenagers, and dog parents can find this stage challenging – where did that sweet little puppy go?

However, understanding exactly what’s going on can help you manage if you’re finding things difficult – and some of the best dog treats could come in handy. Award-winning trainer Lisa Burton of Listen Dog Training has got all the advice we need in a new Instagram post, so let’s take a look.

“In the wild, your dog would consider leaving the pack now,” Burton explains, “For your domesticated dog this isn’t an option, but his brain chemistry is still geared up for this decision-making process.”

It’s natural that your dog might become more confrontational with you – they’re testing how strong your bond is. If your dog were to do this with their pack in the wild, it would help them decide whether to stay with their pack or start their own. If your dog isn’t as cooperative as they used to be, this isn’t because you have a bad dog (though knowing how to deal with a badly behaved dog can certainly be useful!), or because you’re doing something wrong. It’s totally natural.

Your dog’s brain is changing, too. Your pup’s ventral striatum, a part of the brain that deals with rewards and motivation, will be pushing them toward new things, while their amygdala will ensure that they’ll be worrying about these things at the same time.

“This turns a lot of moments or exposures throughout our dog’s day that were previously uneventful into frustrating and stressful encounters,” Burton says.

So, what can you do to help support your dog and make life easier for yourself, too? Among the suggestions Burton makes are:

• Trying to avoid conflict with your dog where possible.
• Using freework as an enrichment activity at home and letting your dog sniff and explore on walks.
• Take your training back and revisit things your dog enjoys and is good at.
• Give your dog lots of social play.
• Work out what motivates your dog the most, and work with it.
• Manage your dog’s environment to minimize potential stress.
• Be flexible, and tailor your approach to your dog each day.

If your teenage dog is showing more signs of reactivity, meanwhile, you might find this article useful: My reactive dog impacted my entire household, here's what I did about it.

Is your dog full of energy? Particularly if you have a younger dog, you might find that they seem to have an almost unlimited pool of energy, but even older dogs can have plenty of energy from time to time too, and it can be really nice to see your pup so full of life.

You might think that it’s more difficult to train a dog who’s so full of energy – even if you’ve got some of the best dog treats – but we can work with their energy and use it as an asset in training sessions.

Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior, has explained how we can use our dogs’ energy to our benefit in a new Instagram post – let’s take a look.

“Are there moments when your dog is full of energy?” asks DeWillems. “This can be a great time to do five minutes of training. It can put their energy towards something productive, plus it can get some really nice snappy responses.”

She continues, “Training can be great for mental exercise, and, depending on what you’re working on, can tire them out physically as well!”

If you can slot in five minutes of training here and there – particularly when your dog’s full of energy – you might find that your dog’s responsiveness increases.

“It can be easy to think training is only for mental exercise, and going on walks is the only option for physical exercise,” adds DeWillems in the caption. “In many cases, training can accomplish both!”

She likes to pair cues together to get a dog moving, like pairing place with a hand target, stay with come, or “Ready? Get it!” with their name – and if your dog’s already full of energy, that’s half the battle!

“This is also why I love positive reinforcement training for dogs,” she continues. “It quickly can feel like a fun game to the dog, so they enthusiastically participate when they are full of beans and want to do something with me. Five minutes of training can really take the edge off!”

While it can be great to see your dog full of energy, there might be times when they’re too excitable and you’d rather they were more relaxed. If so, here’s how to calm down a hyper dog. Don’t forget to check out these practical tips for training your dog on your own, too.

When it feels like your dog is being stubborn, it can be incredibly frustrating. You know what you want your dog to do, and they’re seemingly just not cooperating at all.

However, it might be the case that your pup isn’t being stubborn. Rather, they’re simply misunderstood – they aren’t ignoring the best dog treats for the sake of it! So, what can you do to support your dog and ensure that you’re both on the same page?

Well, award-winning trainer Lisa Burton of Listen Dog Training has shared some handy advice in a recent Instagram post, so let’s take a look.

Burton begins by explaining that, when we try to teach our dogs a cue, the way in which we use food is very important – it’s all about the timing! If you’re calling your dog in from the yard, they ignore you, and then you rattle some treats, you’re teaching them that the verbal cue is simply a sound you’re making for no reason and, instead, the sound of the treats is their command cue. They’re not being stubborn – they think they’re doing what you want them to.

“Dogs simply do not have the capacity to generalize behaviors the way we do,” Burton continues. So, if your pup is very responsive to a sit and stay command at home, but isn’t when you’re out and about, it might be because you haven’t proofed his training.

Proofing refers to perfecting a behavior in a familiar and non-distracting environment, and then teaching it again around a wide range of distractions.

Meanwhile, Burton asks, “Is there an alternative reinforcement on offer that you’re not offering? If you recall-trained your dog with kibble in a distraction-free environment and he happily obliged, that’s because nothing else was on offer better than kibble.”

If your dog won’t recall for kibble when they’re chasing a real animal, for example, it’s because they chose the better offer out of the two available to them. “Dogs are simply looking for a good deal,” Burton explains about training recall in dogs, “Think about the value of the environment and train accordingly.”

She sums up in the caption, “Dogs aren’t defiant – they’re just following their instincts and the training they’ve actually received (even when we don’t realize what we’ve been teaching them!)”

So, while it’s understandable that we might feel frustrated at times – like we might with human children, partners, or relatives, it’s important to keep in mind that our dogs aren’t actually being stubborn. Instead, we should consider what we can do to help our pups understand what we want from them.

Looking for more training advice? Don’t miss these practical tips for training your dog on your own.

We’ve all seen our dogs shake off (and possibly coat us, too) after they’ve been in the rain, running through a sprinkler, or rolling around in a puddle.

But sometimes, dogs will shake off even when they’re not wet, which can be confusing for us as dog parents – what are they doing it for, exactly, when they’ve got all the best dog toys and treats to stay busy with?

Fortunately, certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained all we need to know in a recent Instagram post, with help from her dog, Abby. It’s really eye-opening for those of us who’d love to better understand our pups. So, let’s take a look!

“Dogs will shake off to relieve stress and reset themselves,” Goodman begins in the video. “Abby turns around because she heard a noisy metal cart that she thought was a little concerning. I gave her a treat when she saw it to reward her lack of reaction and to create a positive association.”

Abby then shakes off, before moving on – Goodman explains that this is exactly what she wants her to do – here’s the science behind positive reinforcement for dogs to find out how she's learning to do it.

Later on in the video, Abby shakes off again, but this time it’s because she’s finding the pet store they’re visiting overwhelming due to the exciting smells and the sight of other dogs – she’s not unhappy, but all the excitement of a pet store can get too much for dogs sometimes.

“It’s not necessarily good or bad,” Goodman sums up, “Just good information for us to get an idea of how they are feeling. I like when dogs shake off because they are trying to self-regulate. Dogs will also use shake-offs as communication – dogs do it a lot during play.”

She explains that Abby’s shake-offs in the video were around two minutes ago, and we can look at the rest of her body language to work out why she was shaking off. In the first clip, she was shaking off because she was unsure, and in the second she was overwhelmed but in a happy way.

And remember, it’s always worth rewarding shake-offs! By rewarding your pup for shaking off, you’re showing them that it’s good to self-regulate stress and similar feelings, and they’ll be more likely to do it again in future.

We know that’s normal for dogs to shake off, but what about when dogs shake their toys? Is it normal behavior? You can find out all you need to know here.

It can often feel as though we’re truly on the same wavelength as our dogs – in sync with them perhaps.

As far-fetched as that might sound, new research has indicated that there’s some truth in it, as dogs can ‘feel’ our emotions through our heart rate. So, while your dog may not quite have worked out how to tell you they want some more of the best dog treats telepathically, there is still a profound connection there.

A recent study from the University of Jyväskylä in Finland has explored the relationship dynamics between dogs and their humans, particularly in terms of heart rate variability. This refers to the change in time intervals between heartbeats, which indicates the state of the autonomic nervous system – the network of nerves that handle the unconscious things our body does like breathing.

High heart rate variability can signify relaxation and rejuvenation, whereas low heart rate variability can indicate stimulation and strain.

This is the same for our dogs, too – as the team from the Department of Psychology and Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research found.

A dog’s heart rate variability adapted to match their parent’s during an interaction. When the human’s variability was high, the dog’s would be too. And, when they had low variability, signifying activity, the dog would also be more active.

Doctoral researcher Aija Koskela explained that the connection between human and canine was especially prevalent when resting. She said, “The interconnection in heart rate variability between the dog and its owner during resting periods may be explained by the fact that in those instances there were no external tasks, but the counterparts could react more to each other’s state in a natural way,” noted Koskela.

This all means that our pups could be more in tune with our emotions than we thought, and that our dogs could influence our own emotional states – though this won’t come as a surprise to anyone who’s ever been cheered up by a dog resting their head on their lap.

The research showed that dog parents prone to negative affectivity, which involves feelings of anxiety, insecurity, and sensitivity, interestingly have higher heart rate variability. These people will often form strong emotional bonds with their dogs, providing a feeling of safety.

Going forward, it would be interesting to explore how different emotional states – not just those of the dog parents – could influence a dog’s physiological response. But this study could help us help ourselves and help our pups. It looks as though stress reduction in humans could benefit our pets, too, which could have a positive impact on how we view mental health treatment and wellness.

If you’ve noticed that your dog often displays symptoms of anxiety, meanwhile, you might find these 32 ways to support a scared or anxious pet useful. Meanwhile, here’s how to calm a dog down during periods of high anxiety.

If you’re a dog parent, you’ll know that sometimes dogs will get scared by or react to things in their environment – even things we know to be totally harmless.

While we can’t stop our dogs from reacting to things, and we can’t control the environment for them when we’re out and about, we can, however, equip them with the skills they need to handle these sorts of situations. Some of the best dog treats can really help here!

In a recent Instagram post, professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant Amelia Steele, or Amelia the Dog Trainer, has offered some valuable advice about what we can do for our pups, so let’s take a look.

In the video, Steele’s dog gets spooked by some Halloween decorations and barks at them. “First we create space,” she explains, “I practice name responsiveness a lot so I use this to get his attention.”

She uses the ‘shake’ cue to encourage him to shake off and reset, but because he’s unhappy he isn’t totally co-operating. “I give him some food anyway to help him feel calmer,” she says, “Food calms the brain and given this is an emotional response it won’t reward his barking.”

When he looks at the pumpkin he was spooked by, Steele marks and rewards to help him form positive associations – even if he still barks, she’ll give him the food. They then go into a game of ‘Look at that’, which they’ve practiced previously, so he knows to look at where she’s pointing.

Again, whenever he looks at the pumpkin she continues to mark and reward. After a while, he looks at the pumpkin and looks back at her automatically. Then, she rewards him again before they move and walk away calmly.

Steele adds in the caption, “You’ll also notice I don’t force him to get closer and closer. I don’t need him to be going up to random Halloween decorations and interacting with them, I just need him to know it’s fine and we can move on. It’s also often counterproductive to continue moving closer and closer in one sitting. If you end up tipping your dog over the edge you might undo what you’ve done.”

She also says that it’s also fine to simply create space in this situation and move on with your dog, but as she knew she’d be walking past a lot of Halloween decorations with her dog for a few days, she wanted to teach him how to handle it.

There can be a lot going on around this time of year, so here are 32 ways to support a scared or anxious pet if you need them. You might also find these ten ways to calm your dog during fireworks useful, too.

For many of us, there will be one time or another when we need to stay at a hotel with our dogs. Whether you often road trip with your dog, you’re traveling for work and can’t leave your dog at home, or the trip to your relative or friend’s city just wouldn’t be the same without them, there are plenty of reasons why you might need a hotel stay with your canine pal.

If you have stayed at a hotel or camped with your dog before, you might remember them barking more than usual! Of course, not every dog will bark a lot when staying away from home, but it’s quite common. Even if you’ve packed the best long lasting dog chews for distraction and other trusted comforts, it can still be a tricky experience for some of our pups.

But expert trainer Juliana DeWillems, the owner and head trainer at JW Dog Training & Behavior, has explained how we can reduce barking in a new Instagram post, and it makes so much sense!

In her video, DeWillems is with her dog, Lola, enjoying a quiet vacation. But while it’s quiet, this means that Lola is hearing noises she wouldn’t usually hear. “And, we’re somewhere new, so it’s totally normal for her to be a little bit barkier,” DeWillems adds.

She says that she won’t travel without a white noise machine (like this one on Amazon) because it helps her hide the unfamiliar sounds of nature Lola isn’t used to – it can come in handy at night, too, if your dog likes to find slight noises to react to in the silence.

“I never leave home without a white noise machine, because this is going to help us drown out the sounds of, right now, the woods,” explains DeWillems. “But if we were in a hotel or an Airbnb this white noise machine would just help keep our environment nice and free of noises for Lola, where if she’s somewhere new she is likely to be a little bit more on edge… especially for the first couple of days.”

On top of using a white noise machine, it’s important to focus on calming and decompression activities – for inspiration, why not take a look at how to calm a reactive dog? Meanwhile, here’s how to travel with a dog, and we’ve even got the best travel destinations for dogs for you if you need some ideas for your next trip!

Does your dog enjoy shredding things? It’s a common behavior in our canines, and it’s thought it mimics the way they’d tear at their prey in the wild.

While your pup might have the best dog food and not need to find and tear apart prey, it’s still important to let your dog engage in natural behaviors like shredding – but it can be frustrating if they decide to shred things you’d rather they not damage!

Certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained the importance of letting your dog shred and how you can encourage the behavior while protecting your home and possessions in a recent Instagram post, and it’s well worth taking on board.

“If you give your dog things they can shred or chew, it reduces their desire to seek out other things you may not want them to,” Goodman explains. She adds in the caption, “The best way to protect your things and give your dog fulfillment is through enrichment – providing dogs with appropriate outlets to do what is natural for them.”

Most dogs will spit out things they shred or chew, too, when we don’t make a huge deal about them having them in their mouths – most dogs who eat the things they chew do so because they’re used to having things taken from them.

However, safety should always come first, so make sure they aren’t getting into anything that could injure them or cause an upset stomach in dogs, for example. In Goodman’s video, her dog is chewing pine cones. These can be harmful if ingested, so if your dog does like to eat the things they chew, it’s probably best not to let them shred or chew them. If your pup always spits things out, you might decide to let them get on with it.

Provide your dog with appropriate outlets for shredding to allow them to engage in their natural behaviors while also making sure they aren’t getting into anything they shouldn’t – it’s a win-win!

What if your dog likes to shred their toys? Sure, it might not be as annoying as them shredding your own things, but it can still be frustrating and even cause potential choking hazards. Here’s how to teach your dog not to destroy toys for everything you need to know.

And if your pup often eats things that aren’t food, it’s worth considering that it could be pica – a disorder that’s usually rooted in attempts to obtain nutrients that could be missing from their diet. If you’re concerned that your dog has symptoms of pica, it’s best to visit your vet.

Reactive dogs can be tricky to manage, whether your own dog struggles with reactivity or you and your pup have encountered other reactive dogs when you’re out and about. But reactivity isn’t fun for anyone, including the dogs themselves!

If you’d like to know more about why dogs can be reactive and what to do to support them – whether you’re at home with them or they’re outside on one of the best dog leashes – you’re in the right place.

Award-winning trainer Lisa Burton of Listen Dog Training has offered some brilliant insights in a recent Instagram post, and we’ll take a look at them here.

“Many reactive dogs aren't choosing to lash out,” Burton explains, “They just don’t know what else to do when they’re overwhelmed by a trigger.”

When a dog is faced with a trigger, they may not know how else to react, maybe because they’ve not experienced or been taught an alternative – leading to reactivity in dogs.

However, it’s more easy than we might think to teach our dogs these alternative behaviors. “With training, we can replace their uncertainty with confidence and control,” continues Burton, who advises practicing the following with your pup:

• Look at me: Teach your dog to make eye contact with you when they encounter a trigger.

• Sequence patterning: Predictability is good for dogs – if you teach them behavior patterns at home, you can then take them out of the house to practice when there are potential triggers around.

• Leave it: “Growing your dog’s ability to disengage and putting this on cue is a great way to interrupt the loading of their reactive outburst, regain their focus, and redirect it elsewhere,” says Burton.

• U-turn: Teach your dog how they can turn and move away from a trigger calmly and without reacting.

Why not take on board five of the most important dog commands and how to teach them here, too? And remember, when teaching your dog these behaviors it’s important to do so at home, away from triggers, to begin with. “Practice these skills at home, then proof with neutral and then positive distractions so your dog becomes confident in their responses, before they’re faced with their triggers.”

As dog parents, it’s important that we advocate for and support our pups, and part of this is encouraging them to find ways to handle situations that don’t involve lashing out – which we can do with Burton’s advice.

If you’re finding it tricky to be out in public with your reactive dog, you might find this article useful: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.

Why do dogs chew their beds? It's a question you may be desperate to find the answer to if you're constantly having to replace your pup's beds because they keep destroying them.

Let's face it, the best dog beds don't come cheap, so it's understandable that you want to get to the bottom of why your fur friend is doing this and figure out how to prevent it.

Thankfully, we can help you in both those areas. Below, expert vet Dr. Hannah Godfrey reveals the six most common reasons dog's chew their beds and shares her top tips on how to put a stop to it. We’ve also put together a guide to the best dog beds for chewers to give you a head start.

Why do dogs chew their beds?

There are lots of reasons why a dog may chew their bed, but here's a few of the most common:

1. Stress

Stress and anxiety in dogs can cause them to chew their beds as a way to soothe the discomfort they're experiencing.

"It’s not uncommon for dogs to chew their beds because they’re feeling stressed," Dr. Godfrey confirms. "This could be due to fireworks, thunderstorms, separation anxiety, visitors, or other pets."

Chewing is an instinctive way for dogs to release tension, however by coming up with other ways to destress your dog during times of peak anxiety, you can help to reduce this behavior.

2. Boredom

Do dogs get bored? Absolutely! And not only that, but boredom can lead to all sorts of unwanted behaviors — like ripping their bed to shreds.

"Pets who are bored are much more likely to engage in destructive behavior, like chewing up their bed," says Dr. Godfrey. "Boredom could set in because they haven’t had enough exercise, human interaction, or mental stimulation."

3. Underlying health issues

There are lots of signs a dog is in pain or feeling unwell, although some of them can be more subtle than others.

"When dogs feel unwell or are in pain, they don’t act like themselves," says Dr. Godfrey. They’re often more restless and unsettled and this could cause them to chew."

If you notice your dog is chewing and this behavior is accompanied by other signs — such as a decrease in activity levels, restlessness, or incessant crying or shaking, have your dog checked over by a vet.

4. Nesting instinct

"Many dogs love to get cozy, it makes them feel safe, so nesting behavior is perfectly normal," explains Dr. Godfrey. "However, if they get too enthusiastic they could cause damage to their bed."

5. Teething

If you have a young fur friend in your family, puppy teething could be the reason behind their bed chewing.

"When a puppy’s adult teeth come through, at around six months of age, it causes some inflammation and discomfort," explains Dr. Godfrey. "That’s why it’s quite common for pups to get quite nippy with their teeth around this age, and the chewing isn’t restricted to toys and hands, they’re just as likely to chew their bed too."

6. Attention seeking

You'd be amazed the lengths your canine companion will go to to get your attention. According to Dr. Godfrey, bed chewing is definitely one behavior they'll engage in if they know it's going to get them your focus.

"If you give a big reaction when you walk in and find that your dog has chewed their bed, you’re giving your dog your full attention, which might be just what they’re craving. So, over time, your dog might learn that the best way to get your attention is to chew their bed."

How to stop a dog from chewing their bed

While it can be frustrating to invest in a dog bed only to have your canine companion destroy it within seconds, there are some things you can do to stop your dog chewing their bed.

1. Training

Investing in a professional trainer isn't an affordable option for many of us, but the good news is that training your dog on your own isn't as difficult as you might think.

Yes, it takes time, patience and consistency, but you can make great progress with behaviors like bed chewing if you're willing to put in the energy.

"Use positive reinforcement to train your dog not to chew their bed – reward them with treats, praise, and fusses when they’re sat nicely in their bed or when they’re chewing something appropriate, like a chew toy or treat," says Dr. Godfrey.

2. Provide other chewing outlets

"If you don’t want your dog to chew their bed, it’s best to provide them with plenty of things that they can chew," Dr. Godfrey advises. "For instance, a chew toy or dog chew will let them get their fix without damaging their bed."

We recommend the best long lasting dog chews for adult dogs and the best teething toys for puppies – both of which offer a great distraction.

3. Create a calming environment

If your dog's chewing is triggered by stress and anxiety, try to create a calming space for them.

"Dogs sometimes chew due to stress, so using calming products like anti-anxiety sprays, diffusers, or medications, as well as providing a safe space away from the source of the stress should help them to feel safe and settled," says Dr. Godfrey.

4. Ensure they're getting enough exercise

While all dogs need ample mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy, some breeds (or those that like to chew) require it more than others.

"Too much energy or a lack of mental stimulation can be disastrous with dogs who like to chew," Dr. Godfrey explains. "To combat this, make sure you take them out for regular walks, engage in playtime regularly, and offer puzzle toys and activities to keep them occupied when you’re not around."

When it comes to mental enrichment, we love the best dog puzzle toys for giving their brains a good workout. And if you're tired of the same old walk every day, here are some ways to build more fun into your dog's routine.

5. Invest in a tough dog bed

Unfortunately, while you can pretty much choose any old dog bed if you have a pup that doesn't chew, dogs that do like to chew need a tough bed that's going to go the distance.

"Not all dog beds are created equal, and if your dog’s a chewer you’re better off choosing one that’s durable," Dr. Godfrey advises. "Check for features like double seams and hidden zips, and choose fabrics like woven polyester or canvas."

6. Speak with your vet

"If you’re getting nowhere when it comes to your dog’s chewing or destructive behavior, it’s always worth speaking to your vet," says Dr. Godfrey. "They’ll be able to check for underlying health problems that could be causing the behavior, and if needed they can refer you and your dog to a veterinary behaviorist."

You may also enjoy: How to stop your dog from chewing the carpet

There’s a lot of advice out there about what to do when your dog is off their leash, but what if your dog’s on leash and it’s other dogs who are off-leash?

It can be a difficult situation to maneuver, and can be scary for both you and your pup – after all, you can’t predict what the other dogs will be like and how they’ll react to yours. And, if your dog is on one of the best dog leashes while other dogs are off-leash, how will your pup manage?

If you’re wondering how to handle off-leash dogs when you’re out with your pup, however, certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has got some advice to share in a new Instagram post, and it’s really interesting!

“First, don’t panic and be as calm as you can,” Goodman urges. “Make sure there is no tension on your dog’s leash so you’re dog doesn’t feel trapped. Keep moving to get some distance and naturally break up that interaction.”

Goodman’s dog, Aspen, was on a long line in the encounter in her video, so it was easy for her to ensure she had more freedom of movement and didn’t feel trapped. She explains that, in these situations, she tries to keep going in the opposite direction to break up the interaction naturally, creating distance.

Throughout the encounter, the other dog parent remained present, so she didn’t feel the need to move as quickly as she would otherwise. “I judge every situation differently,” she explains, “But I always have treats to distract dogs from my dog if I feel the need to, and I have an air horn as more of a last resort if there is aggression.”

She explains in the caption that, if a dog seems friendly but their parent isn’t there yet, she might toss or hand them treats to keep them busy until their parent can catch up. But, if she thinks that throwing food could cause conflict, she’ll hold back.

While Goodman doesn’t mind coming into contact with off-leash dogs who have excellent recall and are trained to ignore passersby, she explains that she prefers to use a long line, both for safety and also for the consideration of other people – particularly on busy routes and trails. She sums up, “If your dog can mind their business like this, and has excellent recall, great! If not, keep that leash on.”

If you’re looking for advice about your own dog when they’re off-leash, you might find this article useful: My dog embarrassed me with her terrible off-leash behavior — here’s how I fixed it.

Some dogs absolutely love meeting new people – maybe even too much! But others can be wary of strangers, and this can manifest itself in lots of different ways from hiding to barking and lunging to being overly hyperactive.

Often, when we have dogs who are scared of strangers, we mean well but find ourselves doing things that are actually counterproductive, and can make matters worse – you don’t need to give strangers some of the best dog treats to feed your pup, for example.

And that’s why the certified dog behavior coaches at Calm Canine Academy have outlined five common mistakes that dog parents often make when we have dogs who are wary of strangers. Let’s take a look.

First, the Academy coaches list a few of the signs that your dog might be scared of strangers. Though they’re quite similar to the general signs of anxiety in dogs, we might not instantly recognize some of them as being related:

• Barking

• Lunging

• Growling and snapping

• Avoiding and hiding

• Not being able to relax

• Hyperactivity

It’s important to take note of these to identify whether your dog is scared of strangers, and recognize the mistakes we can make without realizing in order to help our pups.

1. Taking our dogs everywhere: When dogs are scared of strangers, they get overwhelmed by people easily. While it’s easy to think that more exposure to people will help, it’s actually better to carefully control our pups’ interactions with strangers.

It’s a good idea to walk your dog in quieter places and at less busy times, give them a space to avoid guests at home, and simply leave them at home if you’re going to be somewhere with a lot of people, like a party at a friend’s house.

2. Meeting everyone in public: “Many folks think the antidote to a stranger-fearful dog is to introduce them to anyone and everyone,” the coaches explain. “More often than not this backfires with unpredictable and stressful interactions leading to more fear and distrust.”

Instead, you can introduce your dogs to people carefully – stick to people who you know will cooperate, such as friends who like dogs but can be trusted to follow your pup’s lead.

3. Training on the fly: It’s easy to get into the habit of training our dogs without a real plan or structure in place, but this won’t help them become more comfortable with strangers. It’s best to have carefully planned training sessions.

4. Letting strangers feed treats: “Giving strangers cookies to feed your dog may seem like a good way for them to make friends,” the coaches say. “However, it often encourages a dog closer than they actually feel comfortable and can do more harm than good.”

Letting strangers interact with your dog isn’t inherently harmful, but you should tailor the interactions to your dog’s needs. Training dogs with treats can be great, but this isn’t always the best way to go about things.

5. No communication skills: Building skills like leash walking and engagement in dogs who are scared of strangers can be tricky, particularly in busier environments. You may find it beneficial to speak to a trainer or coach to identify and remove barriers that are impacting your ability to help train your dog who’s scared of strangers.

If you’re finding it difficult to help manage a dog who’s reactive with strangers, you might also find this article useful: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.

Sometimes, it can seem as though our dogs just go through life without a care in the world. However, some dogs can be more anxious than others.

There are lots of reasons why your pup might be anxious – they could be one of the dog breeds most likely to have separation anxiety, experienced something traumatic before you gave them their forever home, or just be wary of unfamiliar things like new people or locations. But no matter the reason, sometimes our dogs will prefer seeking solace in one of the best calming dog beds than exploring the world.

If your dog is anxious, there are things you can try to help them build up their confidence, and expert trainer and behaviorist Renee Rhoades of R+Dogs has offered some tips in a recent Instagram post. So, let’s take a look!

1. Create a safe space: “Provide your dog with a secure sanctuary for times of stress,” says Rhoades. “It should be peaceful, snug, and restricted to trusted humans only.”

Ensure that your pooch always has the option to access this space as they please, without any restrictions.

2. Stimulate their mind: Mental stimulation is so important, whether your pup is anxious or not. But dogs who have plenty of mental stimulation tend to have lower stress levels and are often better behaved, too.

“These activities encourage your dog to problem solve, which can increase confidence,” Rhoades says.

3. Learn their language: Dogs communicate largely through their bodies. While it’s not an exact science, learning how to read dog body language and understand their signals can help you recognize and understand when they feel anxious. This way, you can respond accordingly, build trust, and in turn help reduce their anxiety.

4. Be a creature of (kind) habit: “Being consistent can reduce anxiety by predictability,” Rhoades explains. “You don’t need to do everything at an exact time, just a consistent pattern.”

By being consistent, and always being positive – try not to show any frustration! – you can help your pup improve their confidence in the long run.

5. Be a turtle: In other words, take things nice and slow. Don’t rush your dog. Anxiety in dogs can mean that they don’t respond well when they’re pushed into new or uncomfortable situations, so be patient and meet your furry friend at their pace. If they’re communicating that they’d like to slow down or stop at any point, listen to them.

And remember, as Rhoades says, “It’s important to understand that your dog’s nervousness is not a sign of weakness but a call for support from you.”

For more advice on helping your pup, here are 32 ways to support a scared or anxious pet. You might find this article useful, too: Eight reasons why your dog is anxious (and how to help them).

Remote working is something that more of us have been doing in recent years – particularly since the pandemic – meaning that we’ve been spending more time at home.

As a result, we’ve been able to enjoy more time with our pets, maybe playing with the best dog toys in our breaks or enjoying some slightly longer walks.

However, Nick Jones, a dog training and behavior expert, claims that working from home can lead to separation anxiety and behavioral issues in our pups, unless we take steps to help them. He’s partnered with ACME Whistles to offer five key tips to dog parents, so let’s take a closer look.

1. Make gradual separation trips: “Leave your dog for short periods and gradually increase the duration of the separations over days, weeks, and months,” Jones says. Use positive distractions, like enrichment toys or toys that you can fill with food or treats, to help them create positive associations with being left at home.

2. Introduce new people to your pup: Get friends and relatives involved in caring for your dog – if they want to! This way, your dog can bond with other people, and might not rely on your presence quite as much. The more people your pup socializes with, the more relaxed and confident they’ll likely be.

3. Prevent shadowing behaviors: “Do not allow your dog to follow you around the house and incorporate regular breaks in the workday when you are away from each other and in different rooms,” Jones advises. After all, there will probably be times when you have important work meetings, and it wouldn’t be ideal for your dog to be right by your side.

4. Use long-lasting chews and toys: Jones recommends keeping a stash of the best long lasting dog chews on hand, a stuffed Kong, or something similar to provide plenty of solo enrichment. It’ll make your life a lot easier if your dog is able to amuse themselves while you’re busy working – here’s more advice on how to keep your dog entertained while at work.

5. Work on calm greetings: “An effective way to reduce separation anxiety is by ensuring calm homecomings and greetings,” says Jones. “When you return to your dog after a time, avoid making a fuss or showering your dog with immediate attention. Instead, return quietly and go about your routine for a few minutes before acknowledging your dog.”

This will help your dog understand that your return isn’t a hugely exciting event, and this is likely to lower their anxiety when you’re away. “By keeping returns low-key, you reinforce a sense of calm and stability, which is essential for managing separation anxiety,” Jones continues.

If you don’t have a dog right now, but you’re considering it, and you work from home, here are the 16 best dog breeds for remote workers. Just remember to keep Jones’ tips in mind when your new pup does arrive!

No pet parent wants to have a reactive dog, but reactivity in dogs isn’t unusual. Dogs can be reactive due to fear, frustration, a lack of socialization, or even an underlying health issue – lots of factors can contribute to a dog displaying reactive behavior.

Reactivity is more common than you might think, particularly if you spend a lot of time with your own non-reactive dog, or you have a reactive dog yet every other pup you see out and about doesn’t seem to be, simply walking past other dogs and enjoying some of the best dog treats.

Expert trainer Carolyn Martell, the founder of Good Dog Training, has explained why reactivity is so common, and what to know, in a recent Instagram post, so let’s take a look.

1) Lack of socialization: Often, Martell says, puppies are being kept isolated during the socialization period – from around three to 12 weeks of age – due to fear of disease. “Owners and breeders are failing to socialize puppies and prepare them for the world,” she explains.

Well-meaning puppy parents often believe they should keep their puppies inside before they’ve had all their vaccinations, but you don’t need to.

It’s good to prioritize safety, of course, but you can carry puppies outside before they’ve had all their shots – just don’t place them on the floor, or allow other dogs or animals to get too close. You might find this article useful: I'm a dog behaviorist and these are my 6 tips for socializing a puppy.

2) Breeding reactive dogs: “Only dogs with sound temperaments should be bred,” says Martell. “Dogs with any aggression, anxiety, or reactivity should not be bred. These have a genetic component as well as being learned.”

Of course, spaying and neutering have plenty of other benefits, too, preventing some potential medical and behavioral problems and helping your pup stay happy and healthy for longer.

3) We aren’t meeting their needs: Many dogs are unfulfilled, without sufficient exercise and stimulation – both physical and mental. In the past, dogs would often roam with more freedom, exploring their environment and interacting with more humans and animals.

While it’s important to keep your pup safe, and we’re of course not suggesting that we all start giving our pups freedom to roam around the street at will, we should all be making sure they get the exercise and stimulation they need to let off steam and tap into their natural instincts. Long lines and time off-leash can help, as well as plenty of play at home!

4) We get working dogs as pets: Martell explains that some breeds are more likely to be reactive simply because they’re bred with specific traits. This is particularly true when it comes to dogs from working breeds. While any dog can be reactive, breeds like the Akita and Rottweiler are working dogs, and are often considered to be among the more reactive breeds too.

5) Failing to train our dogs: “Dogs need training,” says Martell. “They also need boundaries and rules. They deserve to have the expectations made clear. They should be able to handle being told no and not always getting their way.”

While training can take a lot of work from both you and your pup, you’ll reap the rewards in plenty of ways, and this is one of them. And remember, it’s never too late to start training your pup!

For more advice on having a reactive dog, don’t forget to check out this article: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch. If you're wondering, 'Are shock collars cruel?', check out this trainer's feature.

Many dogs love meeting new people and will try to greet everyone they pass, but, of course, every dog is different, and some are more unsure.

But as we tend to think of dogs as being sociable, we’re often not sure what to do when we have a dog who’s a bit more wary or shy of new people – do you involve some of the best dog treats, for example?

Well, that’s why certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained how we can help our dogs with meeting people they aren’t familiar with in a recent Instagram post.

“For dogs that are scared of meeting new people, I often suggest meeting outside,” Goodman begins. She’s working with a rescue dog, Beans, who had very little human contact before being rescued, and so finds meeting new people quite daunting – quite a common sign of anxiety in dogs.

As Goodman walks with Beans on a leash, she tosses food in her direction to teach her that good things come from her, and that she’ll respect her space. “I kept tossing food as we walked the entire way back so she could see just how generous I was at giving her great stuff with zero pressure to physically interact with me,” she explains. “Because this was my approach, Beans started to check me out on her own instead of running away.”

Goodman adds in the caption that she always tosses food for nervous dogs rather than handing it to them, because it avoids putting pressure on the dog to get too close when they aren’t ready. “It takes the pressure off the dog to interact, which will make them more likely to try, faster,” she explains.

So, if your dog finds it difficult to meet new people, it’s best to arrange the encounter outside, with your dog on a leash so they’re safe. The aim is to show your pup that other people will respect their space, not getting too close too soon, and show them that good things can happen when they meet new people. For example, they might get some of their favorite treats.

And above all, remember not to push your dog. Take the pressure off them, and you’re more likely to reap the benefits later on. Likewise, if passersby want to come and greet your dog but your dog doesn’t want much human interaction, be sure to advocate for them and respect their wishes!

If your dog is unsure about strangers, and this manifests itself in reactive behavior, you might find this article useful: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.

Do you enjoy taking your dog out in public with you? It can be great fun as dog parents to bring our pups along with us to a restaurant, cafe, or park.

However, these environments can be quite exciting and overstimulating for dogs sometimes, especially with so many people around – and this can make it stressful for you, too. Often, we can make mistakes in a bid to keep our dogs calm when out in public, and these can sometimes have the opposite effect – though bringing along some of the best dog treats isn’t one of them!

Fortunately, professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant Amelia Steele, or Amelia the Dog Trainer, has revealed the common mistakes we should avoid, and what we can do instead.

1. Insisting on your dog maintaining place: “Settle mats can be helpful in getting your dog to settle,” Steele says, “But insisting your dog stays on it the whole time you’re out is not realistic and can sometimes create more frustration.”

Rather, it’s a good idea to let your dog adjust to their environment and look around if they need to, before offering them the occasional treat on place to encourage them to settle. “We also don’t want our dog to feel like they’re performing a behavior the whole time,” Steele continues. “It keeps their brain in concentration mode and stops them from actually settling.”

2. Expecting your dog to settle immediately: Often, dogs will need some time to calm down and unwind when they arrive somewhere – go through a calming routine with them to help them settle down, but it might not happen immediately. Here’s how to calm down a hyper dog for more information!

3. Trying to reward when your dog starts to sleep/relax: Settling naturally is a self-reinforcing behavior – as Steele says, adding treats simply wakes your dog up and starts them at the beginning of their rest cycle again.

“It’s totally fine to reward your dog and encourage calm behavior but when you see them start to actually settle, leave them be to rest!” she explains.

Remember, dogs can settle happily when they’re out in public, but as pup parents it’s up to us to be realistic – they might not do so straight away. And, we shouldn’t expect them to stay in the same place for the whole time. After all, as humans, we sometimes like to move around and stretch our legs. We don’t expect ourselves to stay in one place.

For more common mistakes that many of us have made at one time or another, why not take a look at the 32 most common mistakes new dog owners make?

Every dog parent wants their pup to get on well with other people, be they friends and family members or people you meet out and about. However, some dogs can be reactive toward strangers.

Something we often do, when it comes to dogs who aren’t quite sure about new people, is let them approach our dogs and feed them some of the best dog treats or try to pet them – the logic being that the dogs will get used to them.

However, this isn’t the right way to go about things, and won’t solve the problem. Carolyn Martell, a professional dog trainer and the founder of Good Dog Training, has explained why, and what we should do instead, in a new Instagram post.

“A common idea is to teach a stranger-reactive dog that strangers are good by having strangers feed the dog treats,” Martell begins. “This makes a lot of sense to us – it teaches our dog to not worry about new people, right? New people equal treats, right? Well, that’s probably not how your dog sees it.”

She explains that your dog will have given signals that they’d rather be left alone, moving away, staring, or tensing up. But then, those signals are ignored as a stranger reaches for them.

And, if your dog has asked nicely to have some space, but their request has been ignored, they may escalate. A dog whose signals have been ignored may bark, lunge, growl, snap, or even bite – understanding aggression in dogs can be really useful for any dog parent.

“What most stranger-reactive dogs want is space. To be left alone. To feel safe,” says Martell. “When you encourage strangers to approach to say hi or hand them a treat, you’re actually doing the opposite. They feel unsafe, trapped, and they don’t know how to react. This often leads to that reactive outburst.”

The more this happens, the more worried your dog can become, and they might proactively communicate this way before a stranger even approaches, barking or growling at passersby.

Instead, Martell recommends simply asking for your dog's attention. When they notice a stranger, give them a treat yourself. Respect their need for space, moving away from others if you need to, and advocate for them if someone wants to say hello. Start slowly, helping your dog feel safe, and build from there.

Once your dog has got these foundations down, you can begin to move on to actually interacting with strangers.

If you’d like more advice on dealing with a reactive dog, you might find the following article useful, too: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.