Almost everybody has a favorite dog breed. Whether you’re an experienced dog parent or you simply like spending time with friends’ pups, there’s probably a breed or two that you can’t get enough of.

But while all canines deserve plenty of the best dog treats, Rover’s Most Popular Dog and Cat Breeds Report reveals the most popular breeds across the US – and non-designer mixed breeds have come out on top this year.

They’re followed by the Labrador Retriever, and completing the top three is the golden retriever, overtaking the goldendoodle, which was top last year but has slipped to fourth place.

Completing the top 10 are German Shepherds, Chihuahuas, French Bulldogs, dachshunds, shih tzus, and Yorkshire Terriers.

The American Kennel Club also releases a list of the most popular dog breeds each year. In the most recent list, French Bulldogs were top for the third year in a row. They were followed by the Labrador Retriever, which previously held the top spot for over three decades, as well as the golden retriever, German Shepherd, and poodle. Unlike the Rover report, however, the AKC doesn’t recognize mixed breeds.

Rover also looked at the rarest dog breeds, which are the Japanese Spitz, Spinone Italiano, and Gordon Setter. Dog parents taking part in the report voted the pit bull as the most photogenic and most likely to be trending on social media, while the golden retriever and German Shepherd came in at second and third most photogenic.

Sixty-seven percent of respondents described loyalty as the most desirable trait or characteristic when choosing a new dog, while 58% said size.

And what about cats? The most popular cats in the US are the American Shorthair, domestic shorthair (last year’s winner), and the domestic longhair. The rarest breeds are the Ural Rex, Suffolk, and Sokoke, while the Maine Coon is the most photogenic cat breed.

Almost a third (32%) of cat parents described temperament and appearance as the most important factors when getting a cat, while 71% said that cuddliness was the most desired personality trait.

Read next: Most unusual dog breeds

If you’re interested in tough, robust and seriously strong dog breeds, you’re in the right place. In this article we’re going to look at some of the strongest dog breeds around, as well as explore what makes a dog strong and what you need to know before committing yourself to one of these powerful large breeds. We also spoke with experienced vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan for her expert insight into powerful dogs…

What makes a dog strong?

Before we take a look at some of the world’s strongest dogs, we need to clarify what makes a dog strong.

“The strongest dogs are large and giant breeds that have been bred for hard work. These dogs are muscular and built for endurance,” explains Dr MacMillan. Many such dogs have been recognised for their extraordinary talents and above and beyond work ethic, and as such now work alongside people in all manner of roles, from hunting and herding to military and service dogs. This makes many of these breeds biddable, hardworking and a pleasure to train.

“Rottweilers are a great example of a strong dog breed. These big dogs were bred to guard, so they need to be physically intimidating and have the strength to fend off would-be intruders. Alaskan Malamutes are designed to pull sledges in harsh, snowy conditions, so they need their physical strength to do their job,” says Dr MacMillan.

“Saint Bernards are gentle giants that are strong enough to help rescue people stranded on the side of mountains. Rhodesian Ridgebacks are another strong guarding breed, designed to guard livestock on farms in South Africa,” she adds.

Strongest dog breeds

Rottweiler

Hailing from the mastiffs of the Roman army, the Rottweiler might be a tough, hard worker, but within a family Rotties are affectionate, gentle and sometimes even silly.

Their thick muscular body can weigh as much as 135 pounds and they'll need two hours of exercise a day. If you've got the stamina to keep up, this chilled yet courageous dog can make for a wonderful family pet.

Alaskan Malamute

Bred as an arctic sled dog, the Alaskan Malamute looks every bit the part. With their muscular body, deep chest, strong shoulders and snowproof coat these dogs, who can weigh up to 85 pounds, are seriously tough.

And they have to be, they are the strongest of the sled dogs. Yet despite their brute strength, this pack animal is happy to cuddle up with its family once he's done pulling sleds (or, more likely, been exercised for two hours).

Saint Bernard

The Saint Bernard is big, seriously big. A male can weigh as much as 180 pounds! Yet despite their size, they're known as the genial giant of the Swiss Alps. Excellent with children, these intelligent, strong dogs were originally bred by monks in the Swiss Alps to rescue travellers, as well as for guarding.

While they're still used as search and rescue dogs, the beloved breed is well suited to life as a family pet. Just make sure they get their hour of exercise a day!

Rhodesian Ridgeback

Hailing from South Africa where this scent hound was bred to track game, this athletic, powerful dog has a strong prey drive. The name comes from the ridge of hair growing in the reverse direction along its spine, which, according to local folklore, denotes courage.

Weighing up to 85 pounds, these athletes need upward of two hours of exercise a day. While they are loyal companions and very affectionate with those they are bonded to, this strong dog is not for the faint hearted.

Great Dane

Muscular yet elegant, sweet yet powerful, Great Danes are known as the “Apollo of Dogs”. Weighing up to 175 pounds and taller than most people when standing on their hind legs, this breed is imposing.

Bred from hunting dogs who sought wild boar, the hunting instinct is still present. Kind and protective to its family, the Great Dane makes for a wonderful addition to any family. Assuming they have a spare two hours a day to exercise this noble beast, that is.

German Shepherd

Brave, intelligent and powerful to boot, many consider the German Shepherd the ultimate jack of all trades. Certainly, they are used for a number of roles including police work, assistance dog, military duties, search and rescue and drug and explosive detection.

If you're looking for a loyal dog, you'd be hard pressed to beat a German Shepherd, a breed known for putting their life on the line to save a loved one. Just make sure you've got time to exercise your new best friend for at least two hours a day.

Newfoundland

A strong, adaptable working water dog, the Newfoundland’s name comes from Northeast Canada from when he originated.

Over the years this breed has pulled logs from the forest, hauled in fishing nets, retrieved equipment from the water and even jumped out of low flying planes in search and rescue missions. We told you, adaptable! In a family setting the Newfoundland is gentle and loyal, just make sure you can exercise yours up to an hour each day.

English Bulldog

Originally bred for bull-baiting and dog fighting, English Bulldogs are known for their bravery and tenacity. Short but powerful, the bulldog is a well muscled dog with a powerful jaw.

A distinctive looking dog, Bulldogs are renowned for their character and endearing mixture of qualities: they're easygoing yet courageous, tough looking yet friendly. Make sure yours is well bred, and gets walked at least an hour a day (unless it's hot, as being a brachycephalic breed they can have breathing issues in the heat).

Doberman Pinscher

The biggest pinschers, the Doberman takes its name from Louis Dobermann, a German tax collector who wanted a fierce looking dog in this line of work to protect him and deter any thieves.

Mixing breeds such as the Weimaraner, greyhound, Manchester Terrier, Rottweiler and German Shepherd, Louis Dobermann was able to get the combination he was after: super smart, fast, powerful and robust of character.

This combination of intelligence and biddable nature makes the Dobermann popular in the armed forces and police too. But this sleek, powerful dog makes for a great family dog too. Weighing in at up to 100 pounds, just be sure you've got more than two hours a day to exercise.

What you need to know before you get a strong dog

Strong dogs have got a lot going for them, they’re hardworking and admirable creatures. But they are not for everyone. Before you commit yourself to a strong dog, it’s worth considering whether you have the time and inclination to train and exercise them to the degree which they need.

Training is even more important

“For all these dogs, their strength and size serve a purpose. Owners of these dog breeds must appreciate this and ensure they appropriately socialize and train their pets. While you can get away with a Yorkshire Terrier pulling you on the leash, a 170-pound Saint Bernard is another matter,” says Dr MacMillan.

But how do you train a big, strong dog? It turns out, in much the same way you’d train any dog. The key, as always, is consistency.

“Owners should start early and use positive reinforcement training techniques. By praising and rewarding your dog for good behavior, you will be encouraging them to keep repeating this. Never use negative training methods, like shouting or physical punishment, as this could lead to anxiety and other behavioral issues. Consistency is also key. That means having firm rules and sticking with them, otherwise your dog may become confused making your training tougher,” adds Dr MacMillan.

Ensure they are well exercised

If you haven’t got time to exercise your strong dog as much as they need, you’ll both end up miserable. So it’s really important to think about your schedule and realistic amount of time you have to commit to your dog before coming home with a Rottweiler puppy!

“Many of these dogs are working breeds and will have certain exercise demands that will need to be met. Under-exercised dogs will be more likely to be boisterous and distractible during training, which can be hard work with a powerful breed,” says Dr MacMillan.

Get specialist help

But what about if you’ve already got a strong dog, and you’ve run into trouble? Perhaps they are not well trained and walking them has become impossible.

“If you are struggling with a strong dog, then speak to a dog trainer or qualified pet behaviorist for assistance. It is important to address problems early on rather than letting things get out of hand.

“Some owners look for a quick fix, like a different type of harness. While this may make some difference, appropriate training is going to be the only way to stop a strong dog from pulling you on the leash,” advises Dr MacMillan.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Despite their name, experts don’t believe the Chinese Crested dog originated in China. It seems more likely to have emerged from Mexico, which is where Spanish explorers found them in the 1500s.

You could imagine their surprise at seeing these dogs with their spotted pink skin, crazy hair, furry feet and feathering tail. Some would say they are a super-cute toy dog breed while others would consider them among the ugliest dogs in the world.

Whichever side of the fence you sit on, it’s worth checking out this breed in more detail. As we do so, we’ll discover that not all Chinese Crested dogs are hairless but that, regardless of fur, they can be rather high maintenance. We’ll also take a look at the exercise and training needs and assess their overall health with the assistance of expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of exercise?

Chinese Crested dogs are a low-energy breed and they can stay healthy with minimal effort.

“They only require a small amount of exercise,” Dr Coder says.

Indeed, you don’t even need to take them outside each day although fresh air is undoubtedly good for them.

So long as they’re getting a minimum of 30 minutes each day in one shape or form, they’ll be sufficiently physically stimulated.

“They do well with short walks outdoors or indoor play,” Dr Coder says.

Taking Chinese Crested dogs outside

You will need to be careful if you venture outdoors with this breed. In winter, you need to make sure they are wearing one of the best dog coats – their relative lack of muscle or fat means they feel the cold.

In the summer, despite being one the best dog breeds for warmer weather thanks to their upright temperate-regulating ears and medium-sized snout, you need to ensure their skin is protected.

“If you take your Chinese Crested outdoors, they should have protective clothing or sunscreen in the summer and warmer clothing in the winter,” Dr Coder affirms.

All that said, Chinese Crested dogs are among the best dog breeds for travel so don’t leave them at home if you intend to go on vacation.

Are Chinese Crested dogs easy to train?

According to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs, Chinese Crested Dogs have fair working and obedience intelligence. They will understand new commands with 40–80 repetitions and obey the first command 30% of the time or better.

What this means is that, with positive reinforcement and consistency, you should find this breed to be willing and adaptable.

“Chinese Crested Dogs are easy to train as they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

It’s important that you carefully socialize this breed. Although they will be loyal to their families, they will be suspicious of strangers but this can be overcome with sufficient training.

Do Chinese Crested Dogs make good family pets?

This breed’s friendly, cheerful nature makes them a good fit with families. They’re also one of the best dogs for seniors since they’re playful and affectionate.

“Chinese Crested Dogs make excellent family dogs and they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

“Chinese Crested are friendly and very outgoing and do well with children, but should be supervised as they are fine-boned and easily injured with rough play.”

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of grooming?

Since Chinese Crested dogs have far less hair than most other breeds, you will find they are one of the small dog breeds that don’t shed much. But while that saves you a heap of effort caring for their fur, these dogs are still one of the most high-maintenance dog breeds.

As mentioned earlier, you need to take care of their exposed skin.

“Chinese Crested dogs without hair require regular skin care to keep them healthy, including regular bathing, lotion, acne treatment as needed, and sunscreen,” Dr Coder says.

Hairless Chinese Crested dogs may also be more prone to allergies or skin irritation because their skin is not protected by a haircoat.

That said, there is a variety of Chinese Crested Dog that does have hair: the Powder Puff.

“Powder Puff Chinese Crested Dogs have a short haircoat,” Dr Coder says. “Powder Puff Chinese Crested require regular grooming and daily brushing, as their coat tangles easily and can lead to painful matting if not cared for properly.”

Are Chinese Crested dogs hypoallergenic?

The hairless Chinese Crested dogs could be considered to be among the most hypoallergenic dog breeds although, given the Powder Puff variety doesn’t shed, either can be a good choice for allergy sufferers.

Just remember that problems can still surface, though.

“Most people with dog allergies are allergic to skin and saliva from dogs, so no breed is truly hypoallergenic. Chinese Crested are no different,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Crested dog health problems

Chinese Crested dogs have a few health conditions owners should be aware of. They include patellar luxation.

“This is a condition where the kneecap does not stay in the appropriate location. This can lead to lameness of varying severity, and may require surgery,” Dr Coder says

They can also suffer from Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

“It’s an orthopedic disease that can cause degeneration of the hip joint,” Dr Coder explains.

Like many purebred dogs, Chinese Cresteds can develop progressive retinal atrophy.

“It can affect vision and cause blindness,” Dr Coder adds. “They can also develop glaucoma, which is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eye is too high, causing pain and eventually blindness,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Cresteds can also suffer from lens luxation within the eye, which can lead to eye pain and blindness.

Should I get a Chinese Crested dog?

If you want an unusual-looking canine, then you’re certainly going to get that with a Chinese Crested. You do need to give them a lot of care and attention, however – their skin must be looked after and you can’t leave them alone for long because they suffer from separation anxiety.

They are, however, a great dog breed if you’re short on space and they can also accompany you on your travels. You will find they are good at many canine sports, too.

Read next: American dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

We are famously a nation of dog lovers, but what's a person to do if they're living in a city? Or an apartment without a garden? Or busy juggling the demands of work and parenting with limited time for walkies? For many, one of the smallest dog breeds is the answer. Well suited to a range of environments, smaller dogs often adapt better.

Small dogs are also easier to physically handle and manage, more travel friendly and – in some cases – have lower exercise needs. Many small breeds often outlive their larger peers, plus their smaller size means lower food costs, and potentially less wear and tear on the house too.

If all that appeals to you, we have written about small dog breeds and teapcup breeds, before. But in this article, we have dug into the data to come up with the 10 smallest dog breeds taking into account both weight and height. But we also spoke with a qualified vet, Dr Rebecca MacMillan, on issues to consider when bringing home a small dog.

Smallest dog breeds

Our list below takes into account both height and weight metrics, rather than just looking at one metric and in doing so it highlights some breeds you might not think of.

You might also be surprised to find it doesn’t include some very popular small dogs, such as the shih tzu or French Bulldog, which while compact are generally heavier or taller and therefore pushing them out of the top 10.

1. Chihuahua

Dinky in both weight and height, it's little surprise the Chihuahua nabs top spot. One of the oldest dog breeds dating back to the Aztec civilisations, these tiny dogs are big on personality.

Despite their little stature these dogs can be fearless and are totally devoted to their favourite person. Watch out for jealousy issues! They'll also need regular dental care.

2. Pomeranian

With their adorable fluffy bodies, fox-like face and energetic temperament, the Pomeranian might be small but they have bags of energy. This is because they descended from large sled dogs in the Arctic, but have been bred down to tiny form.

Speaking of, while they're a little heavier than other toy breeds, their teeny height and condense build give them a higher rank overall. Their thick double coat will need plenty of grooming and you'll need to keep them happy with regular exercise.

3. Toy poodle

If you're looking for a pocket size dog that's whip smart, look no further than the toy poodle. Super intelligent and highly trainable, the poodle is considered one of the smartest dog breeds making them naturals at obedience and agility.

While they're slightly taller than their peers, their low weight and slender build puts them firmly in the smallest breed category. But be warned, you'll need to use a professional groomer regularly if you commit to a poodle.

4. Yorkshire Terrier

With their silky coat and confident nature, the Yorkshire Terrier is a true personality dog. Hailing from Yorkshire where they were bred to catch rats this dog doesn't mind a spot of hard work.

However their steel-blue and tan coat does require maintenance and their loud bark can make them useful watchdogs. If you're looking for a fun and feisty small breed, the Yorkie is an excellent option.

5. Maltese

Characterised by their flowing white coat, the Maltese is one of the oldest European toy breeds dating back some 2,000 years. Small dogs get a reputation for having big voices, but Maltese dogs are known for their demure personality and rarely bark.

That stunning coat will require some work to maintain though, including frequent brushing to avoid tangles. If you're looking for a calm companion, the gorgeous and super light Maltese could be for you.

6. Papillon

Known for their butterfly-shaped ears, papillion translates to butterfly in French. Low weight and short height makes this one of the most petite dog breeds despite their leggy appearance, and yet the papillon is not a pure lap dog.

They are incredibly agile and true athletes in dog sports like agility and obedience. Their lively nature positions them as an excellent option for active households looking for a compact but playful dog.

7. Italian Greyhound

A delicate, slender sighthound hallmarked by speed. Surprised by the inclusion of a greyhound? They're often categorised as medium dogs, yet it's a lightweight dog and short in height, despite its long legs.

The Italian Greyhound can reach speeds up to 37 mph, yet once they've been exercised they're gentle creatures who love a sofa snuggle.

8. Brussels Griffon

You'd have to have a heart of stone not to be charmed by the Brussels Griffon's curiously expressive face. Once bred to hunt rats, they were later adopted by nobility and beloved for their unique, wise appearance.

While it might look like a sturdy dog, the compact height and low weight keep it ranked among one of the smallest breeds. The breed can come with rough, smooth or mixed coats, meaning regular grooming can be required.

9. Japanese Chin

Once a companion of Japanese and Chinese royalty, the Japanese Chin is an elegant dog characterised by its expressive face and hallmark gait.

Also known as the Japanese Spaniel, this Asian breed is upbeat, lively and intelligent. Their long, silky coat is beautiful, and will require grooming to uphold.

10. English Toy Spaniel (King Charles Spaniel)

Popular with royalty during the Tudor period, the English Toy Spaniel was a particularly popular companion amongst nobility under the reigns of King Charles I and King Charles II.

Bred for companionship, these dogs are gentle, affectionate lap dogs. While they're actually on the heavier side than similar sized dogs, their short stature keeps them firmly in the smallest combined ranking.

Common health issues with small dogs

Dental disease

“Small breed dogs are susceptible to dental disease. Their small, dainty mouths are prone to excessive tartar build up, gum inflammation and tooth loss. Owners need to be proactive about their small dog’s oral hygiene.

“Daily teeth brushing from an early age is recommended, plus professional veterinary dental procedures, as needed,” says MacMillan.

Knee joint issues

“Patella luxation is a joint condition that is very common in little dogs. The kneecap slides out of position in one or both hind legs, causing limping, pain, and the early onset of arthritis.

“Owners should keep an eye out for changes in their pet’s mobility. A skipping gait or hopping for a few strides can be a sign that something isn’t quite right,” says MacMillan.

Windpipe problems

“Tracheal collapse is often seen in small breeds. In this condition the rings of cartilage holding the trachea [windpipe] open become weakened, leading to collapse of the airway. Affected dogs can have a dry honking cough and breathing issues,” says MacMillan.

How to be proactive

“Owners can be responsible by making sure their small dogs attend routine vet checks and receive all their recommended preventative care. You must also seek help if you spot any issues with your pet, don’t turn a blind eye.

“Pet insurance helps give many owners peace of mind, allowing them to access veterinary care more easily. This is especially useful if their small breed dog needs something like orthopaedic surgery or referral to a specialist for a severely collapsing trachea,” says MacMillan.

Read next: Cutest dog breeds

The term “oriental dog” means that the breed originated in East or Far East Asia, most commonly in Japan, China and Tibet. Ranging from petite Shih Tzus to behemoth Tibetan Mastiffs, from fluffy chow chows to sleek and athletic Thai Ridgeback, these widely varying breeds have unique characteristics and histories that reflect the diverse cultures of their origins.

Throughout millennia, domesticated Asian dogs filter through all the strata of society. They’ve worked as haulers and herders, been royal companions and guardians of religious temples. But despite their long history and development in East Asia, many of these breeds are highly sought-after and popular pets throughout the world.

Let’s take a look at oriental breeds of all shapes and sizes.

Oriental dog breeds

1. Shih Tzu

The precise history of these silky lap dogs is a little hazy, but their ancestry lies in Tibetan temples and as canine companions for Chinese royalty. They resemble mini lions thanks to their copious “manes”, and as lions were sacred in Buddhism, this afforded them special status.

Nowadays the even-tempered Shih Tzu makes an affectionate family pet, bred over centuries to live alongside humans. Just be prepared for some serious grooming of those luscious locks...

2. Chow chow

Originating in Ancient China where they were used as guarding and herding dogs, the chow chow is powerful and dignified – known for their signature purplish-black tongues in adulthood. This is a very old breed, one of the earliest known “basal” breeds, from which most modern dogs are derived.

With their thick coats and fluffy ruffs, they have something of the lion in them, but tend to form strong bonds with their humans. They are somewhat aloof in temperament and can have a stubborn streak, but on the upside they are renowned for being super-clean, both in house-training and body odor.

3. Lhasa Apso

Despite their diminutive size, the Lhasa Apso’s original role was as a guard dog at palaces and monasteries in the Himalayas. These Tibetan cuties might be small, but they are both hardy and regal, with their flowing, straight coat falling to the floor on each side.

Uber glamorous, yet both feisty and lazy all at once, the Lhasa Apso is distinctive both in character and looks.

4. Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback is not yet a well established breed outside its homeland, although several kennel clubs, including the Federation Cynologique Internationale and American Kennel Club do recognize it.

It is an ancient breed, one of the few that have a ridge of hair along its back formed by the hairs growing in the opposite direction. Like other ridgeback breeds, the Thai version is known for its loyalty, survival instincts and athleticism.

They come in solid colors of blue, black, red or fawn, occasionally with a black mask.

5. Akita Inu

“Inu” means dog in Japanese, which is where the akita hails from. The American Kennel Club recognizes both the American Akita and the akita inu and they are considered separate breeds, although this is controversial in Japan.

Akitas are known for being family protectors, being big-boned, imposing dogs with curled tails and thick coats. While affectionate with those they trust, they tend to be wary of strangers and have strong instincts to keep their loved ones safe.

6. Japanese Chin

Of all the Japanese dog breeds, the diminutive Chin is arguably the cutest (though the jury’s out on whether it really, truly came from Japan). A delightful toy lapdog with a long, silky coats, they have a regal outlook and tend to love us humans.

With their aristocratic connections, exotic look, large eyes and profuse coat, this is a dog with a feline side.

7. Shiba inu

The shiba inu is a foxy spitz breed developed to hunt small game in the Japanese mountains. As befits a mountain dog, they have a dense double coat (in four stunning colors), and an independent streak. Nowadays they make great pet dogs so long as they have sufficient early socialization, and make fun, loyal and playful companions.

8. Pug

This brachycephalic companion breed is a charming, impish and fun little dog whose primary aim in life is to share the love – and act the clown. With their scrunchy faces, big round eyes and snuffles, pugs are a comical character who’s impossible not to adore.

Initially bred to entertain Chinese emperors thousands of years ago, since the 16th century they have been beloved in Western societies too, popularized by Queen Victoria.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Tibetan breed is the archetypal guardian: devoted to their family and mistrustful of strangers. More mountain dog than mastiff, they are massive creatures with dense coats to protect them against Himalayan winters. However, despite their colossus appearance Tibetan Mastiffs are surprisingly nimble.

10. Pekingese

Like many Asian lapdog breeds, the Pekingese was developed as companions for Ancient Chinese emperors. Its name derives from Peking – as the capital of China, Beijing, was previously called.

While their origins stretch back millennia, Pekingese dogs continue to act as though they belong in a palace – being opinionated, charming and ever so confident in their status, whatever their (tiny) size.

11. Shar pei

Like many Asian breeds, the shar pei is both a natural companion and guard dog, loving to his own family but aloof towards strangers. Developed in the imperial palaces of southern China, these strong and independent dogs now make loving pets in experienced homes.

They are somewhat extraordinary in appearance as an extreme wrinkly breed, their trademarks are their massive folds of loose skin around the head, neck and shoulders, a blue-black tongue, and a muzzle that resembles a hippo! Shar pei means “sandy skin” – which describes their harsh, bristly and sandy-colored coat.

12. Tibetan Spaniel

The Tibetan Spaniel bears little resemblance to most other spaniel breeds, being closer in appearance to its fellow Asian breeds the Pekingese, pugs and Lhasa Apsos.

Like many of these small companion breeds, the “Tibbie” was created as a (super-cute) guard dog for monasteries, has a silky coat and a ruff resembling a lion’s mane – the animal considered almost sacred in Buddhism.

13. Korean Jindo

The Korean Jindo is a fairly new addition to the American Kennel Club, and is still a foundation stock breed rather than established (due to needing a solid base of stock to confirm recognition of a new breed). They are rare outside their homeland.

The Jindo is native to the eponymous island in South Korea and is one of the country’s national treasures, signifying its importance in the culture and heritage and ensuring the breed’s preservation.

Jindos are known for their loyalty and good temperaments, but they are also highly active and impressive jumpers, which makes them great escape artists. They are a spitz breed, resembling foxes, and were developed for hunting and guarding.

14. Tibetan Terrier

Much like the Tibetan Spaniel bearing little resemblance to a western spaniel, the Tibetan Terrier has little to do with most terriers. In fact, they’re more of a herding dog, while also having acted as a watchdog at Buddhist monasteries through their history.

Their long and dense coat is their hallmark, while their fluffy feet are another feature that helped them thrive in the snowy Tibetan landscape.

15. Japanese Spitz

You only have to look a Japanese Spitz in the eye and you’ll want to smile. They are true people-pleasers: fluffy, loyal, fun and affectionate with all the family. And while they have Japanese in their name, their roots really lie in Germany – having first been imported around 1920.

They have a cute, foxy look with triangular ears and a curly tail, like most spitz breeds, while their brilliant white coat with a lion-like ruff is distinctive.

16. Hokkaido

Almost unheard-of outside its native Japan, the Hokkaido is a loyal and docile breed that lives to protect its family. They have a spitz-type appearance, with a dense coat, foxy ears and a curled tail, and their presence in Japan is believed to date way back to the 12th century when they were used for hunting and as guard-dogs.

They have the status of “living natural monument” in their homeland, highlighting their cultural significance.

17. Thai Bangkaew

The Thai Bangkaew is little recognised outside his homeland. While they are an official breed according to the Federation Cynologique Internationale , they were only accepted into the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service in 2023.

A spitz-type with a plumed curly tail and dense coat, they hail from Bangkaew in central Thailand. They are said to have descended from a Buddhist abbot’s dog and crossed with a wild dog. They are intelligent, very protective over their own people and known to be tricky to train. One for the experts!

18. Formosan Mountain dog

The Formosan Mountain dog – also known simply as the Taiwan dog – is the only native breed of Taiwan. This loyal and intelligent dog was developed to hunt small game in Taiwan’s mountainous terrain and as such they are both bold and hardy as well as working faithfully alongside humans.

While rare – even in their homeland – they are an athletic and eye-catching breed, often with a brindle coat, beautiful almond eyes, pricked ears and sickle tail.

Like several other Asian breeds, they are not yet officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, but since 2017 have been listed in the foundation stock service.

19. Tosa

Listed in the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service since 1997, the Tosa has a varied reception outside its homeland of Japan. Also known as the Japanese Mastiff, it is banned or restricted in several countries (such as the UK, Australia, Ireland, Denmark, Norway and New Zealand) due to its reputation as a fighting dog.

In reality, the Tosa tends to be calm, dignified and quiet. While they were indeed once bred for fighting, nowadays they are more commonly used as watchdogs, being vigilant, imposing and bold.

20. Kintamani-Bali

In a 2005 study, the Kintamani dog was described as an emerging breed from Bali, Indonesia, according to a study. It is in fact an established mix of many different breeds, including the chow chow, Bali street dogs and Australian dingoes. But since 2019, the Kintamani has been officially recognised as a breed by the FCI, on a provisional basis.

Although it’s a newly official, the Kintamani-Bali’s heritage goes back some 3,000 years. As befits a dog with feral origins, they tend to thrive living on the streets, but can also be affectionate and gentle around humans and are popular as pets in their homeland.

Livestock guardian dogs protect livestock including sheep, goats and cattle from predators such as bears, wolves and even robbers. Rather than move their animals around, like a herding breed would, livestock guardian dogs remain with the livestock deterring and defending them against threats.

Known for their protective instincts and bravery, livestock guardians are a great match for farms and those living rurally. Many of the breeds are calm and most are independent, usually forming close bonds with the animals and humans they spend time with. Their imposing presence helps ward off predators, meanwhile their loyalty and companionship is loved by owners the world over.

What is a livestock guardian dog?

Unlike a herding breed or retriever, the term livestock guardian dog is more of a functional title than a quantifiable classification. It refers to dogs bred and trained for the purpose of guarding livestock, but there is no standardised, agreed-upon official list that formally defines or ranks the dogs within this category.

It is much more of a working category, with the dogs within it recognised for their role, instincts and historic function. Most kennel clubs categorise breeds by groups, such as terrier and herding. You could think of livestock guardian dogs as an unofficial subgroup within the working or guardian groups, of which the latter is often broken into flock guards and mastiffs.

Livestock guardian behaviour

Here are some of the traits that characterise a livestock guardian breeds:

Instinct to protect: They have a natural instinct to watch over and guard their livestock, which they do without being aggressive towards their flock.

Alert: These are highly independent and alert animals that are used to making decisions on their own and staying on high alert for any threat.

Strong and large: As part of their role involves deterring predators, it makes sense that they are big and strong breeds.

Calm but confident: These dogs are not anxious or prone to getting in a flap – instead they have a calm demeanor and a quiet confidence that they can handle things.

Bonded: Raised alongside livestock, they naturally become bonded to them.

Livestock guardian dog breeds

Because there is no official list of livestock guardian dogs, we will focus on dogs that fulfill the role and are traditionally used for this purpose. We have taken into account common consensus across breed clubs and academic sources to round up the best and most widely recognised livestock guardians.

1. Great Pyrenees

A majestic mountain dog if ever there were one, the Great Pyrenees is known for its thick white coat and adoration of its family. The breed originated in the Pyrenees Mountains and was used to guard sheep from local predators like wolves and bears.

These are big dogs and their thick double coat needs thorough and frequent grooming. They can be stubborn and will require consistent training, yet a well trained Great Pyrenees is a loyal and loving companion.

2. Anatolian Shepherd

Prized for their intelligence and endurance the Anatolian Shepherd is a big, agile dog originating from Anatolia, Turkey. These dogs are seriously good workers, they are independent and territorial meaning they can work without being micromanaged. As such, they can form deep bonds with their livestock.

They'll need lots of early socialisation and even then they are a discerning dog prone to giving strangers the cold shoulder.

3. Maremma Sheepdog

This fluffy white Italian native is known for its fierce loyalty juxtaposed with gentle nature within a family centre. Originally bred to guard sheep in open pastures, the Maremma Sheepdog has a dense weather-resistant coat and has a deep, vocal bark used to warn off intruders. So consider yourself warned: you'll need to groom regularly and not be offended with a bit of barking

4. Kuvasz

Characterised by its striking white coat, the Kuvasz is as protective as it is courageous. Originating as a royal guard dog for Hungarian nobility, this large, powerful dog is protective of family and highly wary of strangers.

Their dense coat requires regular grooming, and their stubborn nature and high work ethic mean you'll need to engage with plenty of training.

5. Akbash

Calm and intelligent, the Akbash is a Turkish breed known for its zen-like confidence. These independent workers are able to work in harsh environments and have strong instincts when it comes to guarding livestock. Their short white hair helps provide camouflage with the sheep they protect.

6. Komondor

Instantly recognisable with their long, corded coat that can look a little like dreadlocks, the Komondor is a Hungarian breed bred to protect. Their unique and durable coat provides plenty of protection against the weather and predators, allowing them to get on with their job of protecting livestock.

7. Kangal

This Turkish national treasure is known for its immense bite force, speed and dedication to its flock. It's highly protective and territorial and while they have a calm demeanour with their family, they need an experienced handler, oodles of outside space and early socialisation aplenty.

With one of the strongest bite forces of any dog – sometimes compared with that of a lion – it goes without saying that owning a Kangal comes with a lot of responsibility.

8. Šarplaninac

Hailing from the Shar Mountains in the Balkans, the Šarplaninac or Sharr dog, is a rugged mountain guardian dog known for being fearless and highly territorial. Its large size and thick double weatherproof coat are well suited to protecting livestock across punishing terrain. Highly intelligent and alert, you'll need a good training plan and plenty of socialisation.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Himalayan breed is known for its huge size (weighing up to 150lbs!) and impressive thick double coat, well suited for working long shifts in the cold. The Tibetan Mastiff is highly protective and known for its deep, booming bark. The magnificent coat requires plenty of grooming and you'll need to train and socialise well.

10. Polish Tatra Sheepdog

A vigilant guard dog at work, a calm force around the family, the Polish Tatra Sheepdog is a joy of a dog. Originated in the Tatra Mountains in Poland, the dogs' all-white coat helps keep them warm in the harsh climate.

11. Caucasian Shepherd

Hailing from the Caucasus Mountains, this large Russian mountain guardian dog is famed for its brute strength, fearless nature and protection. The thick double coat can be both short and long, and is often brindle, grey or white.

While they are bonded and loyal to their family, they require early socialisation and plenty of training.

12. Spanish Mastiff

Built for Mediterranean climates, the Spanish Mastiff is a master in protecting flocks from wolves over challenging terrain. The short-to-medium length coat is easy to groom, and this dog is calm and gentle around the family.

13. Bulgarian Shepherd

A hard worker hailing from Bulgaria’s karst mountains, the Bulgarian Shepherd is intelligent and independent. Also known as Karakachan dogs, this breed has been bred to defend sheep and other livestock from predators like wolves and bears.

14. Estrela Mountain dog

This smart and mighty Portuguese guardian breed is able to guard flock across rough mountain terrain.

Originating in Portugal’s Estrela Mountains, the Estrela Mountain Dog is well used to working across tough landscapes to protect flocks of sheep, goats and other livestock from wolves and bears.

While there are no banned dog breeds at the federal level in the US, many states have introduced dog ownership laws and breed-specific legislation that can impact owning certain breeds that are considered dangerous.

In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the breeds regularly subjected to breed-specific legislation across the US.

Are banned dogs dangerous?

What makes a dog dangerous? We asked expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

“While dangerous dogs are a public health threat, many breeds of dogs are assumed to be inherently and automatically dangerous. This is decidedly untrue as no dog is fundamentally dangerous, and aggression and behavior depend on a multitude of factors regarding the dog, the owner, and the environment,” says Dr Coder.

Despite the controversy surrounding this topic, many states have implemented breed-specific legislation. But what exactly is that?

“Most breed-specific legislation is aimed at breeds that are wrongly assumed to be more naturally aggressive, unsafe, or have a genetic predisposition toward unfriendly behaviors,” says Dr Coder. “These laws can vary by state and may require extra registrations, wearing of a muzzle in public, or housing and signage postings. They may even require owners to carry a predetermined amount of liability insurance for the dog or outright prohibit the owning of certain breeds.”

If you’re interested in finding out the most up-to-date information on breed specific legislation, check out the BSL Census, which is continually updated.

Banned dogs in some parts of the US

1. Pit bull

The term pit bull refers to a few different types of dogs descended from bulldog and terrier breeds, including American Pit Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers and dogs of mixed pit bull breeding, such as American Bullies.

Considered a controversial breed due to their background in dog fighting and a number of high profile attacks, these heavily muscled dogs are often subjected to breed specific legislation. Despite their reputation, pit bulls are renowned for their loyalty and affection towards their family.

2. American Staffordshire Terrier

A robust, stocky dog, the AmStaff is whip smart, sure of himself and good natured to boot. They're often real characters around the home, and their love of training makes them brilliant companions.

3. Bull Terrier

A cheeky chappy, the Bull Terrier might at first look quite serious with his peculiar head shape and funny erect ears. But it doesn't take long to see what a goofball this breed can be.

Playful, charming and just a bit stubborn, this loving breed can make for a lovely pet. You'll just need to guarantee early socialisation with other dogs and people, firm but kind training, plenty of exercise and lots of time with you.

4. Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Originally bred for bull and bear baiting, followed by dog fighting, today the Staffie is a beloved pet by many.

Natural comedians, the breed is playful and even sometimes referred to as nanny dogs due to their natural affinity with children. Pick a well bred dog and make sure you socialise them young.

5. American Bulldog

A descendant of the English Bulldog, the American Bulldog is an athletic dog with a fantastic balance of strength, endurance and a pleasant nature. As such, they thrived as the best farm dogs, including as guardians. They make for a loyal, confident canine companion.

6. Bullmastiff

Big and powerful, the bullmastiff was created to guard large estates from poachers. They were bred from an Old English mastiff, which provided a heavy dose of courage, and the English Bulldog for strength and tenacity.

They continue to make excellent natural guard dogs and respond brilliantly to training. While incredibly strong, the bullmastiff is also very sweet with their families.

7. Belgian Malinois

Loyal and clever, the Belgian Malinois also needs a lot of exercise and mental stimulation too, as well as proper training and socialising. Bred as a herding dog, this Belgian breed is also used for assistance, detection, guard, police and search and rescue work.

8. Dogo Argentino

A pack hunting dog bred for tracking down game like wild board and puma, the Dogo Aregentino is a seriously athletic dog. With a built body, strong head and muscular legs, the Dogo is both powerful and agile. They're smart, strong and protective of their family.

9. Doberman Pinscher

If you're looking for one of the best protection dogs, you'd be hard pressed to find a finer dog for the job than the Doberman Pinscher. They are courageous and vigilant, compactly built boasting both muscle and speed. Their stunning coat and characteristic wedge shaped head helps them stand out in the crowd, and will put any intruder immediately off.

10. Cane corso

With a history dating back to the ancient Romans, the name cane corso translates to bodyguard dog. And that's exactly what you'll get with this clever, assertive and highly trainable dog. Often clocking in at more than 100 pounds, and with a seriously hench stature to boot, the corso must be responsibly bred, well trained and socialised from an early age.

11. German Shepherd

One of the best all purpose workers out, the German Shepherd can turn his hand to many tasks, from search and rescue to police and military work. This loyal breed is also unbeatably brave and very sharp. Aloof with strangers, they are gentle within the home and dedicated guardians to those they love.

12. Rottweiler

Believed to have descended from the mastiffs of ancient Rome, Rottweilers are known for their gorgeous wide set eyes, loyalty and energy. You'll need an active lifestyle and plenty of mental stimulation to keep a Rottweiler happy, out of trouble and in good shape.

13. Alaskan Malamute

Looking every bit the sled dog he was bred to be, the Alaskan Malamute is heavy set with powerful shoulders and chest and an all weather coat, which makes them one of the best dogs for cold weather.

While they work hard and need plenty of exercise, they love nothing more than a post-work cuddle with their best humans. A strong dog, they benefit from plenty of training early on.

14. Siberian Husky

Another sled dog, the Siberian Husky is agile and strong, bred to pull light loads over frozen ground. They can be vocal and have plenty of energy, so they need lots of exercise and mental stimulation, as well as plenty of training early on.

15. Presa Canario

Bred for herding cattle, the Presa Canario is also a fine candidate for guard dog. A sturdy build with a deep bark, this confident dog is naturally wary of strangers. Despite that, the breed is well mannered and totally devoted to his family.

16. Akita

Hailing from ancient Japan, the akita has an air of dignity about them. In Japan they are believed to be omens for health, happiness and longevity. Heavy boned, muscly and double-coated, the akita is an impressive dog characterised with its curled over tail and erect ears.

While they are standoffish with strangers and often other animals, they are affectionate and even playful with their favourite people. They must be socialised early on for success as a family pet.

17. Chow chow

With their trademark lion's mane ruff and said to be as clean as cats, the chow chow is a dignified dog dating back to ancient China. They might be aloof with strangers, but they more than make up for it with their favourite people, to whom they are enduringly loyal.

18. Wolf hybrids

A wolf hybrid is created when breeding a domestic dog with a wolf. These dogs can be challenging to keep, as they are partially wild.

They need a specialised diet, can be incredibly shy and wary of new experiences and require a huge amount of exercise. They also have the potential to become aggressive, especially during the reproductive stage of the year when they become more territorial.

Read next: Best guard dog breeds

If you’re thinking about bringing home a dog to your family, your decision may be influenced by their prey drive. Prey drive essentially refers to a dog's instinctual urge to chase down prey, usually small animals. While dog breeds with high prey drive can make wonderful pets, and can be trained, for obvious reasons they aren’t always a good fit in certain home circumstances.

Homes with young children, other small animals or inexperienced owners may benefit from bringing home a dog with lower prey drive for many reasons. For expert insight on this topic, we spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with more than 15 years of experience.

Benefits of dogs with low prey drive

Calmer

If you’re looking for a calm dog breed who's going to be a laid-back member of the family – once puppyhood is out of the way – then a low prey drive breed will suit you best.

“Low prey drive dogs are less likely to chase after small animals and tend to be more even-tempered with other dogs. This reduces the risk that the dog will run off or become involved in an accident,” says Dr MacMillan.

Trainable

If you find the idea of training your new best friend daunting, stick with a low prey breed for a less intimidating start.

“Training is generally easier with low prey drive breeds, as they tend to be more focused on their owners than any squirrels or birds in the vicinity! This means they are a good choice of dog for less experienced owners,” says Dr MacMillan.

Adaptable

Looking for a dog who can adapt to your lifestyle? A low prey drive breed could be your answer.

“They are very adaptable dogs and will be happy with life in the city or the countryside,” says MacMillan.

Disadvantages of dogs with low prey drive

Less exciting

“The disadvantage of all of this is that some owners find them a little dull. Some of these dogs can be laid back to the point of being horizontal. They are often less interested in chasing toys and might be more food-motivated than high prey drive breeds,” says Dr MacMillan.

Dogs with low prey drive

1. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Wearing their history in their name, this regal toy breed is sweet, gentle and highly adaptable. And with their big round eyes and silky coat, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a handsome dog to boot.

But this aristocrat can be fun too, is great with children and can adapt well to various lifestyles. Whether you're an active family or prefer to chill at home, the Cavalier King Charles is just happy to be with you. A breed for companionship rather than hunting, the Cavalier King Charles is at his or her best when with their nearest and dearest.

2. Maltese

While the exact origins are debated, the original Maltese is an ancient breed dating back at least some 2,000 years. Renowned for their snow white, floor length coat these toy dogs have a lot of love to give.

Beneath their luscious locks, you'll actually find a robust little body boasting a smooth gait, making them keen little athletes given half a chance. But high prey drive dogs they are not, and while they can be a little stubborn, they're easy enough to train with rewards-based methods. They're also a low-shedding breed, making them the perfect companion for house proud dog lovers.

3. Bichon frise

A bichon frise might be low prey drive but nobody could accuse them of being boring. Sure they look sweet, but they are whip smart, endlessly curious and natural comedians. A true personality dog, a bichon frise is a great option for someone looking for a low prey drive breed with plenty of character.

The white, low-shedding coat is also appealing, and their affection for other dogs and children make them an appealing breed for families. Simple enough to train and with a sunny disposition, the bichon is a happy chappy that's a delight to own.

4. Great Pyrenees

A surprising inclusion perhaps, given that the Great Pyrenees was bred to protect their territory and livestock within it. However they were bred to do so without unnecessary chasing and aggression, meaning they are typically peaceful around smaller animals and young children.

So if you're looking for a low prey drive breed that's big and powerful, a Great Pyrenees could be your answer. Often lauded as majestic, these strong mountain dogs can weigh more than 100 pounds! In spite of their size, they exude a peaceful ambience and are a joy to have around.

With their mellow temperament, gentle nature and fluffy stature, the Great Pyrenees is a fantastic and unexpected low prey drive breed.

5. Papillon

Though the papillon may be small, they are mighty and keen mini agility dogs winning at the sports highest levels. Even if agility is not a path you'll walk, they are a boon to teach new party tricks too.

This robust little dog is characterised by their trademark butterfly shaped ears, giving them a sweet look. Yet their hardy nature and love of activity means these pups are more fun to have around than first impressions might lend. They're also highly adaptable, happy to live in warm or cool climates, as well as town or country. In short, they're friendly, fun and endlessly sunny.

6. Pomeranian

Fiesty, friendly and fluffy, the Pomeranian has been popular among royalty. Tiny in size – weighing no more than seven pounds – this small dog breed isn't short of personality! They are alert and intelligent, making them a joy to train. And while they are active, they are happy with short brisk walks making them well suited to a range of environments.

And with their low prey drive, they make an one of the best family dogs. They love nothing more than hanging out with their favourite people, and will happily play games and learn tricks. Their gorgeous coat does require regular grooming and some note they do enjoy the sound of their own voice.

7. Saint Bernard

Another big dog option for those looking for a powerful dog with a low prey drive. The Saint Bernard is known as a gentle giant and extraordinary fondness of children. Remember ‘Nana’ in Peter Pan – need we say more?

Do bear in mind these are seriously big dogs though, a male can easily weigh up to 180 pounds. They are also big droolers and you’ll need to set aside a good hour each day to exercise your new pack member. But whatever you put in, you’ll get more out by way of big hearted effective and sloppy kisses.

8. Pug

If you're looking for a chilled out, low prey drive dog you'd be hard pressed to beat the pug. One of their favourite pastimes is snoozing and they are so far from interested in chasing small animals the idea is actually almost laughable.

Bred as companion animals for Chinese Emperors, this ancient dog breed has a love of people bred into it. They love nothing more than attention, love and snuggles with their favourite humans.

With their short muzzle they don't cope well in heat, or with vigorous exercise so suit laidback homes in cooler climates.

If you're looking for an easier start as a new dog owner, opting for a dog breed with a low prey drive could be a smart decision. They can be more dependable in homes with other smaller animals, such as cats or rabbits. Plus their fundamentally adaptable nature means they are well suited to a range of households, including those with young children or based in the city.

Read next: Friendliest dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Simply known as a “Toller” to fans of the breed, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever hails from Canada, originally as a hunting dog. They were used to lure ducks and other waterfowl into range of the guns before retrieving fallen birds. It is said that their playful antics on the waterline would pique the interest of ducks and geese, drawing them in to investigate.

Tollers are the smallest of the retriever breeds, but their trademark crimson coats makes them easy to spot in a line-up. They are playful and full of energy, yet they make affectionate companions. The American Kennel Club refers to these dogs as “red tornados”, and it’s easy to see why!

They can be a challenge to train, so short, fun sessions are the way to go. Keeping their brains occupied is just as important, too, so many owners partake in sports like agility or flyball. And if you live near water, you’re bound to have a happy Toller as these dogs love to swim.

If you think a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever could be for you, read on to find out more about the breed, with expert advice from vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers shed?

Yes, due to their waterproof double coat, Tollers are known for their shedding. Regular brushing can help keep on top of loose hairs, and happily this breed is relatively easy to groom.

“Their medium-length coat just needs regular brushing to keep things looking neat,” says Dr MacMillan, adding, “It’s important not to forget the feathery bits behind their ears as these can become matted.”

As with all dogs, regular teeth brushing and nail trimming is also recommended.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers good family dogs?

“Tollers can make great family dogs,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “Their compact medium size and friendly nature make them a good choice for active households.”

However, Dr Macmillan warns, “They are energetic dogs, so they may be best suited to older families who have the time to meet their exercise needs.”

They generally need around an hour of exercise a day, depending on their age and health status, and it’s important that this involves mental stimulation, too. Anything relating to retrieving or water will keep a Toller happy, and you can get the whole family involved here.

They’re always keen for an adventure and a play, so an active, outdoorsy family is the perfect fit for this breed.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers cuddly?

Yes, as well as being patient and loving with children, most Tollers love cuddling up with their owners, provided all their needs are met. If they don’t receive enough physical or mental stimulation they may become independent when out and about and destructive when in the home.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers bark a lot?

“Tollers are not known for barking a lot, but each dog is an individual,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Early socialisation will help to reduce the risk of excessive vocalisation.

“Also, making sure your dog has plenty of mental and physical stimulation will help to make them more settled in the house,” she adds.

They may well bark to alert their owners to strangers outside, or bark and whine when they are excited or overstimulated, but they are not known as being loud or “yappy” dogs.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever common health problems

“The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is considered to be a generally healthy breed,” reassures Dr MacMillan. “However, there are a few inherited health problems that they are susceptible to.”

Like many pedigree breeds, Tollers can suffer from elbow and hip dysplasia.

“Developmental joint abnormalities like these can lead to joint pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis,” explains Dr MacMillan.

She adds, “Autoimmune thyroiditis can affect this breed, leading to symptoms of hypothyroidism such as lethargy, weight gain and skin issues.”

Another endocrine (hormone) issue that can affect Tollers is hypoadrenocorticism, which is also known as Addison’s disease.

“This causes a decrease in cortisol production, which can have serious effects on the body, such as lethargy, vomiting, and collapse,” says Dr MacMillan.

She advises potential owners to “choose your puppy from a breeder that has carried out all of the recommended health screens”.

Should I buy a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever?

These intelligent, playful dogs are easy to fall in love with, but it’s important to make sure they’re a good fit for your family before you commit to a puppy. They’re a lively, energetic breed that loves nothing more than an outdoors adventure with their owners, and they make great companions to those who are able to meet their needs.

Families with an interest in dog sports, such as agility, dock diving and flyball, are a great fit for this active little retriever, and previous experience with gundogs will give you an advantage when it comes to training.

If you’re confident you can meet their needs, this playful “red tornado” could be a great addition to your family and a loyal companion to boot.

Read next: Chesapeake Bay Retriever breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The second-largest continent in the world is home to many African dog breeds that have since been exported all over the world.

Most African dog breeds were originally working dogs, which is something to bear in mind as they are large, muscular, and strong

"This means they can be high energy with an independent streak, and are not necessarily suitable for a novice pet owner," says vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

African dog breeds

1. Rhodesian Ridgeback

The Rhodesian Ridgeback is known for its distinctive ridge of hair that grows along its back.

Originally bred for hunting and guarding, this is a powerful and agile large breed dog that needs around two hours of exercise each day. This is a very intelligent breed, but has a stubborn streak. Due to this – and their size – they are better suited to more experienced owners and handlers.

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are friendly, although they can be wary of strangers and other unknown dogs. It is important to socialize them from pups to help with this.

2. Boerboel

The Boerboel certainly stands out from the crowd thanks to their stocky build. They stand between 24–27 inches and can weigh up to 180lbs! They are one of the best guard dog breeds and are extremely protective of their pet parents and family.

This breed needs about an hour of exercise each day to stay happy. You'll want to be sure they have plenty of outdoor space to run around and stretch their legs.

3. Basenji

The basenji is a super intelligent pup, known for their distinctive yowling. This is a high energy breed that needs at least an hour per day of exercise. Basenjis are scent hounds and have a high prey drive, so they will do best in homes that don't have other smaller pets.

Basenjis have a strong independent streak and often struggle with recall training. Due to this, training can be a little harder, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. With plenty of the best dog treats and tons of positive reinforcement, basenjis can easily learn new skills.

4. Sloughi

A sighthound that originates from Northern Africa, the Sloughi is one of the fastest dog breeds that can reach speeds up to 42mph. They were originally bred for hunting and still maintain a high prey drive, so it’s best to keep them on a leash while out and about.

5. Aidi

You wouldn't guess it by looking at their thick coats but yes, the aidi originated in Morocco, where they were bred as guard dogs to protect against predators in the mountain regions.

Aidis are smart and loyal pups. While this breed is not officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is recognized by other organizations around the world.

6. Azawakh

The Azawakh is one of the rarest dog breeds around. They could easily be mistaken for a whippet due to their tall and slim frames. This breed was used to guard livestock, and they still carry their protective genes today.

They are incredibly loyal and loving dogs, but are not so trusting of strangers. Socialization can help them feel more comfortable around new people and dogs.

Caring for African dog breeds

You may have noticed a pattern by now – African dog breeds are typically high-energy and were originally bred for working purposes, so these dogs are going to do best when they are kept busy or given a job to do.

Dr MacMillan says, "Owners of large guarding and hunting breeds in particular, like the Rhodesian Ridgeback and boerboel, need to make sure their dogs receive early socialisation to avoid behavioural issues."

She also notes that these breeds will need just as much mental stimulation as physical to avoid boredom. Brain games for dogs and the best dog puzzle toys will go a long way in this department.

Read next: Unusual dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

Having originated among royalty in Beijing, China, when the city was named Peking, the Pekingese breed dates back some 2,000 years. Considered sacred and lion-like in appearance, there may actually be some overlap with Persian cats but one thing’s for sure, this toy dog breed makes the perfect cuddle buddy.

So is this Asian breed a perfect pet for you? Well, there are some downsides to owning one of these sassy, regal-looking dogs and we will explain the pros and cons with the assistance of expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

Do Pekingese dogs need a lot of exercise?

Pekingese are known for being a low-energy dog breed and they would much prefer to be by their owner’s side, doing their best to raise a smile than sprinting across fields chasing after balls. In that sense, they could be classed as a lazy dog breed or, if that sounds harsh, one of the sleepiest dog breeds, given they can get their head down for hours. But that is not to say they don’t need to be active to some degree.

“Pekinese require a moderate amount of exercise,” says Dr Coder. “But, due to their short snouts, exercise outdoors in extreme temperatures should be avoided.”

In general, owners of this breed need to aim for between 30–60 minutes of gentle walking and play each day. Allow Pekingese to dictate their own pace, keep them cool and split the sessions over the day to avoid them overdoing things.

Are Pekingese easy to train?

Pekingese have the lowest degree of working and obedience intelligence, according to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs. So you’re going to need at least 80 repetitions to get them to understand a new command and they’ll only obey the first command, at best, at a quarter of the time.

It means this breed is one of the hardest dogs to train.

“Pekingese love interacting with people but can be opinionated about following cues as they tend to have a mind of their own,” Dr Coder says.

They certainly won’t respond to your sessions with enthusiasm and you’re going to have to be very patient. But use positive reinforcement and be consistent and you can get past the stubborn side to some extent.

Do Pekingese make good family pets?

Their charm, confidence and good nature make Pekingese a joy to be around, so long as you’re not being bossy with them – that can lead to frustration on your part. Take them at face value and you’ll simply enjoy their loyal, affectionate and outgoing personality. To that end, they’re going to be suitable for so many people.

“Pekingese make excellent family pets and they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

Given how easy they can be to be around, this breed is among the best dogs for seniors but they may also be good dogs for younger families.

“Pekingese are friendly, very outgoing and tolerate children, but prefer not to roughhouse with kids,” Dr Coder says.

And if noise is an issue, you may want to listen to this piece of advice:

“Pekingese may bark more than the average dog, but it is an individual trait for each dog,” Dr Coder says. They will, however, alert you to people approaching your home. To that end, they’re good watchdogs.

Do Pekingese tend to stay indoors?

Pekingese are sedate and, if you don’t take them outside, they’re not going to complain – they’d rather tread the floor of a palace than stroll around a garden.

“Pekingese are social and friendly dogs, and are happy to stay indoors if that is where their owners are,” says Dr Coder. You should, for the sake of their health, however, allow them to venture outdoors for some fresh air.

The main issue here is that they will want you to be with them as much as possible so if you tend to go out a lot, that may not work out too well.

“Because they form such strong bonds with people, Pekingese frequently suffer separation anxiety when away from their owners for long periods of time,” says Dr Coder.

Do Pekingese need a lot of grooming?

Given they are among the most low maintenance dog breeds, Pekingese don’t require an abundance of care but they do need to be groomed each week.

“Pekingese have a long, thick, double coat and require regular grooming and brushing at home,” says Dr Coder. “They also have folds around the face that may require frequent cleaning.”

This breed also sheds seasonally.

“They shed a moderate amount and have long hair that can make the shedding seem excessive,” Dr Coder says. Keep on top of the coat with the best dog brushes and you’ll avoid mats and tangles.

Pekingese health problems

Pekingese have a few health conditions owners should be aware of and the main one is that this is a brachycephalic dog breed – hallmarked by their flat face and shortened muzzle.

Some campaigners are very much against people owning breeds such as these so it’s something to consider.

“Brachycephalic airway syndrome affects many short-snouted dogs and can cause trouble breathing, excessive snoring, exercise intolerance, and heat intolerance,” Dr Coder says.

Pekingese can also suffer keratoconjunctivitis sicca – more commonly known as dry eye.

“It occurs when the dog does not produce enough tears to appropriately lubricate the eye and can lead to irritation and even ulceration of the surface of the eye.”

Patellar luxation is a concern too.

“The kneecap does not stay in the appropriate location,” Dr Coder explains. “This can lead to lameness of varying severity, and may require surgery.”

Should I get a Pekingese?

Pekingese are popular and well-loved lapdogs with an abundance of positive attributes. They are very well suited to people who lead relatively inactive lives and who spend much of their time around their home. They’re one of the best dog breeds if you’re short on space as well.

But while they’re sleepy, they can take up a lot of your time given how much they thrive with human company and how difficult they can be to train. They won’t be comfortable joining you on an adventure and you also have to take into account whether or not you agree with the breeding of brachycephalic dogs.

Read next: Teddy bear dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’ve got an affinity for bold, energetic dogs full of personality, you might find yourself charmed by dogs with a high prey drive. Prey drive refers to a dog's innate urge to chase down prey, often small animals.

Experienced dog owners are well placed to handle such dogs and a well trained high prep drive breed is often a highly rewarding companion to have around. But having such a dog is fundamentally a big responsibility.

To get the lowdown on the pros and cons of owning a high prey drive breed, we spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with more than 15 years of experience.

Advantages of a high prey drive

High energy

If you’re looking for a companion for your weekend hikes or countryside frolics, a high prey drive breed will have enough get up and go to keep you company.

“The advantage of a high prey drive breed is that they are usually active and energetic dogs, which many owners look for in a pet,” says MacMillan.

Like everything in life, it depends on your specific situation, though.

“However, this same energy could be a disadvantage for other owners,” says MacMillan.

Intelligent

If you’ve got the time not just to exercise your dog's body, but his or her mind too, you could be well placed to have a high prey drive breed. But if not? Think again.

“These dogs are usually working breeds that require plenty of physical activity and mental stimulation to keep their brains occupied. If they don’t get enough of either of these things it could lead to behavioural problems,” says MacMillan.

Disadvantages of a high prey drive

Harder to train

These dogs are not for the faint of heart, you need a robust training plan in place if you’re bringing one home as they can be some of the more difficult breeds to train.

“Dogs with a high prey drive can be distractable, making recall training particularly tricky,” says MacMillan.

If you’re not confident with dog training, you’ll benefit from expert guidance from a professional dog trainer.

Limited settings

“These breeds are best suited to countryside living where they have plenty of space to exercise freely,” says MacMillan.

If you live in a city centre or small home with limited outside space, this breed of dog is not likely to be a good match.

Dogs with high prey drive

Doberman Pinscher

This strong, well muscled dog was originally bred in 1890 by Louis Dobermann, a tax collector who wanted a fearsome, strong companion to assist him with his work.

Characterised by their strong body, long muzzle and graceful gait, Dobermans have a strong prey drive. They are smart dogs, fearless and incredibly vigilant, making them one of the world's best protection dogs.

Alaskan Malamute

Bred for brute strength and endurance, the Alaskan Malamute looks every part the sled dog it was born to be. From their powerful chests and broad shoulders to their weatherproof coat, everything works together to make this impressive dog capable of hauling heavy loads across punishing terrain.

Much like other arctic breeds, the Malamute has a very strong prey drive. But a well trained and socialised Malamute is a joy to have around and is surprisingly playful and gentle within its family pack.

Border Collie

Originating on the Anglo-Scottish border and descending from traditional sheepdogs, the Border Collie is a hyper intelligent herding dog. They have a reputation as workaholics for good reason, and a bored Border Collie is a recipe for disaster. However if you can ensure he or she is adequately physically and mentally stimulated, this affectionate dog makes for a wonderful companion and is one of the smartest dog breeds.

Border Collies have a strong prey drive, stemming from their deeply entrenched herding instinct. This can involve them chasing down anything that moves, including other animals, but even humans and vehicles in some instances! Suffice to say, training and socialising must begin immediately.

Jack Russell Terrier

Energetic, confident and full of character, the Jack Russell Terrier was originally developed to assist on fox hunts, like all terriers, the Jack Russell Terrier has a strong prey drive. Bred to help by intercepting dens and flushing foxes out, Jack Russells have retained a strong hunting instinct. The drive can result in chasing down anything that moves whether that's birds and squirrels or even cars.

Weimaraner

A German breed hunting dog dating back to the 19th century, the Weimaraner is originally from the city of Weima, hence the name. Known as 'Gray Ghost', the Weimaraner is a sleek all purpose gun dog characterised for its excellent speed, stamina and smarts.

With their history as gun dogs, they have a high prey drive as they have been bred to hunt, point and retrieve game, which can manifest in them chasing small animals like squirrels, rabbits and cats. But so long as well trained, this smart, attractive dog can make an excellent pet.

Greyhound

The king of sprinters, the greyhound makes for a surprisingly gentle and good natured companion around the house. Provided he or she has been adequately exercised first!

Known for their speed, slim heads and smooth coat, today the greyhound is a popular show dog and pet. But this sighthound has been bred over the years for coursing, greyhound racing and hunting, resulting in a very high prey drive that remains incredibly active.

Belgian Malinois

If you're looking for a high energy dog to form a deep and lasting bond with, look no further than the Belgian Malinois. This grafter of a dog is also also known as the Belgian Sheepdog, thanks to its herding instincts.

With that in mind, these dogs love to have a job to do and you'll need to provide plenty of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy. But if you do, you'll be rewarded with a tremendously loyal companion.

Dog breeds with high prey drive have bags of energy and laser focus, which can give them a competitive advantage as working or sporting companions. However these breeds require lots of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. For owners that understand this, and can provide a good outlet, these dogs make for excellent companions.

Read next: Best dogs for tracking

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

English Setters were developed in England in the 1800s, initially bred as hunting dogs to locate game, whereupon they would “set” – crouch low and freeze. These friendly dogs can come in a range of colours, and their unique speckled markings are referred to as “belton”.

They are a large yet elegant breed, with a graceful neck, proud head and soft expression. English Setters have a strong hunting instinct with plenty of stamina, but they are quite happy to make themselves comfy in a home environment provided that all their needs – physical and mental – are met. They love working their minds, so puzzle games or toys and training exercises are a great way to keep them happy.

English Setters have an affectionate, gentle nature and they love being around their owners. They can be great family dogs provided they have the correct training and socialization from a young age, as they get on well with children and other dogs.

However, they can have a penchant for digging, jumping and roaming, so it’s important to be in the know about the breed before committing to a puppy. Read on to find out more, with expert advice from Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Are English Setters good family dogs?

English Setters make great family dogs, getting on well with people and other dogs. However, their energetic nature means they can be boisterous in play, so they are perhaps better suited to those with older children.

Dr MacMillan adds: “English Setters are affectionate, sociable and playful, which are all great qualities for a family pet. They will usually get on well with children provided they have had the right early socialization and training.”

Ensuring they have plenty of outlets for their energy – such as frequent walks, training sessions and plenty of playtime – will help prevent boredom and destructive tendencies in the home.

Do English Setters shed?

English Setters have long, silky coats, and they are considered moderate shedders. However, regular grooming – as explained below – will help to keep this shedding under control.

What grooming needs to English Setters have?

These dogs are famous for their striking coats, so keeping them in tip-top condition is a must.

“English Setters will need brushing two or three times a week to keep their coat looking good,” agrees Dr MacMillan, adding, “American English Setters have a lot more fur compared to the finer coat of working English Setters, so these dogs can require a bit more work. Some owners may have their English Setters trimmed or clipped to keep things neat.”

A long-toothed metal comb is a useful tool for working through any tangles that might have developed between grooming sessions. Tangles can quickly develop into mats, which are uncomfortable for dogs and can rapidly become painful, leading to skin problems.

As with all dogs, daily teethbrushing is advised, as well as monthly nail trimming.

Are English Setters high energy?

Thanks to their heritage as working dogs, English Setters have plenty of energy to keep going all day long. This means that they need regular daily exercise to keep them happy and healthy. Dr MacMillan advises “up to two hours of exercise each day, depending on their age and health status”.

And while English Setters will relish long walks or hikes, or tagging along for a jog or a bike ride, these intelligent dogs require plenty of mental stimulation as well as physical. This could be in the form of training sessions, puzzle toys and playtime – or even agility or obedience training.

As long as their energy needs are met, English Setters will happily settle down when at home and try their hardest to be lapdogs – they are very affectionate with their owners.

Do English Setters bark a lot?

“English Setters are not more vocal than any other dog breed, but they will bark if they are under-stimulated, overly excited or wary about something,” says Dr MacMillan. “Making sure your dog is appropriately socialized and receiving enough exercise will help keep unwanted barking at bay.”

They may well bark at strangers coming to your door, but they are certainly not known as aggressive dogs, with a reputation for being friendly and sociable.

English Setter common health problems

Hip and elbow dysplasia, as with many pedigree dogs, can be common in this breed.

Dr MacMillan explains: “These developmental joint abnormalities can cause joint pain, mobility issues and early-onset arthritis. It is important to buy your English Setter puppy from a reputable breeder who has health-screened their dogs for these conditions.”

As well as hip and elbow screening, Dr MacMillan recommends breeding dogs be screened for inherited eye issues, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), another common finding in English Setters.

Another health problem to look out for is hypothyroidism.

“Affected dogs produce too little thyroid hormone, leading to weight gain and lethargy, as well as skin and coat changes,” says Dr MacMillan.

Skin allergies can also cause an issue in this breed, which can lead to itchiness and secondary skin infections.

“Some English Setters can be affected by ectropion, or droopy eyelids,” adds Dr MacMillan. “These sag away from the eyeball, contributing to dry eyes and eye infections.”

Should I buy an English Setter?

This friendly, affectionate and good-looking breed is well-suited to an active, outdoorsy family that can match their energy needs. Provided they have ample opportunities to run and play, they make gentle family companions in the home, with their sweet-natured temperament shining through.

If you are considering an English Setter, do keep in mind that they are a working breed, so they thrive off mental stimulation as well as physical. They are intelligent dogs and benefit from regular training sessions.

Giving them a “job” – such as agility, obedience or gundog training – will keep their minds working while also giving an outlet for some of their energy.

Read next: Other setter breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’ve got a thing for seeing pooches with pendulous ears that droop down rather than point up, allow us to introduce you to the world of floppy-eared dog breeds.

One of the best things about dogs (aside from their capacity to fill our world with unconditional love, companionship, and tons of furry cuddles) is the fact that they come in all shapes and sizes. For example, some breeds have lobes that hang way past their chin, while other dogs have beards.

You might think that longer ears equal better hearing, but this isn't always true. Instead, the size and drooping shape of a dog’s ears will help with sound localization and will often determine how good they are at scent tracking. In some cases, longer lobes can even help prevent dirt from getting inside ear canals while four-legged friends search for prey in dense areas.

To help you find out more about floppy-eared dog breeds, we’ve pulled together a handy list. Just know that if you intend on adopting a dog with longer lobes, it’s well worth knowing how to clean a dog’s ears, as their larger-than-average lugholes can make them prone to ear infections due to the warm and moist environment they create.

20 dog breeds with floppy ears

1. Beagle

Excitable yet gentle, the much-loved beagle is known for its pendulous ears, which are an important part of their hunting breed heritage as their lobes help them to gather scent particles and direct them towards their nose.

Pair this with their big eyes and sensitive nose, and this energetic British dog breed, which was originally bred as a scent hound, and it’s no wonder why beagles are believed to be one of the best tracking dogs.

2. Basset hound

Upon first glance, it can be easy to mix up a basset hound with a beagle—they’re both scent hounds and hound breeds after all.

But this laid-back beauty comes with soulful eyes, a heart of gold, and droopy face and ears that you can’t help but fall in love with. Perhaps one of the biggest differences when comparing a beagle vs basset hound is the fact that the latter comes with very long and floppy velvety ears, complete with a wrinkled brow. They also have a low-slung body with powerful, short legs. But both use their ears to help with scent tracking.

3. Dachshund

Introducing the smallest of the hound breeds! Along with their long, sausage-like body, a dachshund is instantly recognisable for their floppy, triangular ears. Of course, their ears might not be as long as a basset hound’s, but that doesn’t stop this small but big-personality pooch from using them to the best of their advantage.

In days gone by, dachshunds used their floppy ears to protect their ear canals from debris while hunting in burrows. But in more recent times, they use their ears to sweep the ground to help scoop up scents as they go.

Due to their size, these lively and playful creatures are considered to be the best dog breeds for apartments. Just know that dachshunds can have a stubborn streak, so they are best trained early.

4. Cocker spaniel

Just look at that little face! Cocker spaniels are another breed that is characterized by their adorable floppy ears, complete with bundles of fur, which shape their face.

Like most dogs on this list, their long, floppy lug holes act like funnels, trapping and directing smells towards their noses. Back in the day, this helped them retrieve game birds, which was their original purpose.

5. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Long, feathered and set low on its head, a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has naturally floppy ears, and it makes sense, because they were bred for their strong hunting instincts.

Today, this spaniel breed is a bundle of fun as they’re sociable, gentle, and playful. Plus, due to their small size, you won’t need a lot of space for them to run around.

If you are thinking of adopting this breed, one thing to note is that they will shed all year round. So their coat and ears will need regular grooming with one of the best dog brushes to keep them matt and tangle-free.

6. Golden retriever

Another floppy-eared dog to add to the list? The humble golden retriever. This breed's ears won’t stand at attention like a Corgi's. Instead, they'll hang downwards, framing their face.

Originating as hunting dogs, these large dogs have lots of love and energy to share. This means, to prevent them from becoming bored and exhibiting destructive behaviours, they’ll need at least two hours of exercise a day.

The good news is that these floppy-eared dogs can be trained reasonably easily. So, as long as you have a whole load of patience and bags full of the best dog treats, these obedient fur friends will be loyal and loving.

7. Poodle

No matter whether you have your heart set on a toy poodle, miniature poodle, or just love poodles in general, you’ll be pleased to know that all different types come with their signature curly-coated floppy ears.

These beautiful and regal-looking dogs are very low-shedding dogs, which means that you won’t have to follow them around your home with your vacuum. However, you will need to set aside some time to groom them to stop their coat (and ears) from getting matted and tangled.

8. Shih tzu

If you looked up the phrase ‘pampered pooch’ in the dictionary, you’d probably find a shih tzu underneath. With their long fur—which coats their floppy ears—these small four-legged friends always look like they’ve just come out of the groomers.

And that’s because they probably have. This high-maintenance dog breed requires a bath almost every week, along with daily brushing and a trip to the groomers every six weeks or so to keep their coat and lobes looking fabulously flowing and mat-free.

9. Maltese

Under all that glorious, free-flowing white fur lies a perfect pair of floppy ears that’s just waiting to be brushed and groomed to keep them (and the rest of their coat) in perfect pristine condition.

The Maltese is undoubtedly one of the cutest dog breeds, and along with its bright white coat, it’s characterized by their drooping, feathered ears.

10. Havanese

Even when alert, a Havanese dog’s ears will remain floppy, right by their side. Considered to be a toy dog, this small breed doesn’t shed much, so you won’t constantly be picking up after them or finding hairs all over your home.

Instead, if you are thinking of adopting a Havanese, you’ll inherit a gentle soul that’s known for being one of the friendliest dog breeds. What’s not to love?

11. Bluetick coonhound

A bluetick coonhound is a scent hound that’s known for its powerful nose, mottled, glossy coat of blue and black, and unique howls while out on a hunt.

The very friendly breed is also characterised by its floppy ears, which hang way down past its chin to enhance their scent tracking ability to detect and follow scents more effectively.

Coming with a soulful expression, blueticks are relentless in their pursuit of a scent. But they’re also relentless in their love for affection. Therefore, this sweet and affectionate dog will love nothing more than spending time with its pet parents.

12. Great Dane

Great Danes have naturally floppy ears, but you might have spotted some with cropped ears. The difference in ear appearance is a combination of genetic factors and, unfortunately, breeding practices.

These gentle giants might be tall in stature, but they sure are one laid-back dog breed, as this calm and placid pooch is an affectionate breed that adores people, big and small. This makes them the perfect companion for family life.

13. Labrador Retriever

There are many reasons to love labradors—and their fluffy, floppy ears are just one of them.

Looks aside, Labrador Retrievers make great search and rescue dogs as they have an outstanding sense of smell and are incredibly cool, calm, and collected when in an emergency. This much-loved retrieving breed has bundles of energy, and they get on just as well with kids as they do with adults.

14. German Shepherd

Did you know that all German Shepherds are born with floppy ears, which tend to gradually stand up with age? The breed standard is for German Shepherds to have erect ears that stand up tall. However, some have dropped lug holes due to one or both parents having floppy ears.

Ears aside, German Shepherds have a brilliant sense of smell, and because of this, they like to sniff just about everything. Due to their impeccable olfactory sense, they are often used as search and rescue dogs or for bomb and drug detection.

15. Boxer

Much like the Great Dane, you might have noticed that some boxers have floppy ears while some have cropped ears. The latter is because their ears have been cropped—a method which the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) stands against, as it’s done solely for cosmetic reasons rather than health benefits.

Some more facts about boxers include their highly energetic nature and their willingness to learn new skills (which makes them easy to train). Though their strong bodies and serious faces might look a little intimidating, they actually love spending time with people and are happiest when they are surrounded by their human family.

16. Afghan Hound

If you plan on adopting an Afghan Hound, their impressively long and silky coat, complete with floppy ears, will mean you will spend a lot of time brushing them daily to keep them looking their best.

While their need for speed (they can run at up to 40mph) will also have you spending a lot more time outside than in. That's because these sighthounds were bred to run fast over long distances, and they are believed to be one of the fastest dog breeds in the world. Pretty impressive, huh?

17. Irish Setters

Coming with floppy ears, primarily due to their background in hunting and scent tracking, this pointing breed makes for one of the best family dogs, as it gets on well with children and other dogs.

Its lovable and playful personality, coupled with its glamorous looks, including its long and drooped ears, has helped maintain this breed’s popularity.

Just know, an Irish Setter will need plenty of exercise to meet their needs, and they respond well to training thanks to their intelligent nature.

18. Papillion

Stealing the title of being one of the cutest dog breeds around the world (and it's quite clear to see why!) and considered one of the smartest dog breeds, a papillon also has one more title to add to its list: and that’s being a dog that comes with floppy ears.

While the breed is most often known for its butterfly-like ears, which stand upright, there is also the papillon variety called a phalène, which has drooped ears.

19. English Springer Spaniel

Just like it’s cousin the cocker spaniel, an English Springer Spaniel has floppy ears coated in glorious fur, which help them in hunting and tracking.

Springers are larger and more muscular in size, compared to their cocker spaniel counterparts. They also have higher energy levels, so they fit right in in busy family homes or for those who lead an active lifestyle.

20. Bloodhound

Known as the ‘king of tracking dogs’, the humble bloodhound is said to have 230 million scent receptors as opposed to humans, who have five million. But it’s not just their noses that make them one of the best dogs for tracking. Their large and droopy ears are specifically crafted to act as scent-sweepers, which helps direct scent particles towards their nose.

It is worth noting, though, that due to their having large ears, this can cause moisture and warmth to become trapped in their ear canal, which can lead to ear infections. So it’s something to watch out for.

Read next: Hairless dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

When it comes to the Border Collie vs collie, both of these dogs are beloved herding breeds—they excel at sports and have lovable natures, which make them fantastic companions. However, while there are certainly lots of similarities between these two energetic dogs, there are some key differences, too.

The Border Collie is definitely the more active of the two, and they need a lot of physical and mental stimulation each day to keep them from becoming bored and destructive. Super smart and very affectionate, they do best with experienced owners who can meet their needs.

While still an athletic breed, the collie doesn't need as much exercise to keep them happy. They are incredibly fond of children, love to play, and make fantastic family pets. Sensitive souls who are deeply devoted to their humans and like to be in environments where someone is around all day to keep them company.

We know what a big decision adopting a dog is, which is why we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to get her thoughts on these two breeds and how suitable they are for you and your lifestyle. Below, you'll find everything you need to know about these dogs, including training, exercise, grooming, and health information.

Size: Border Collie vs collie

The Border Collie is the smaller of these two breeds, with males measuring 19–22 inches and females coming in slightly shorter at 18–21 inches. They're also a lot lighter than the collie, with an average weight of between 30–55 pounds.

Male collies typically stand 24–26 inches tall, and females come in just behind that at 22–24 inches. There is a difference in weight between males and females, with the former weighing 60–75 pounds and the latter a bit lighter at around 50–65 pounds.

Appearance: Border Collie vs collie

Although they do differ in both size and weight, there isn't a lot that separates the Border Collie and collie when it comes to their actual bodily structure.

The Border Collie is the sleeker-looking of the two breeds, and because they don't have as much fur, they have more definition in their torso, haunches, and legs, which gives their athletic appearance a more refined look. Their head is wedge-shaped but moderate in length, and their ears may be pricked or partially folded.

In contrast, the collie has a much more voluminous coat and significantly more feathering than the Border Collie. They have a much more cylindrical shape, and while they also have a wedge-shaped head, it is much longer in length than that of the Border Collie.

Both the Border Collie and the collie come in different coat colors, but there's much more variety with the border collie, which can be anything from the traditional black and white to red and white, blue and white, merle, and many others. The collie, on the other hand, comes in just four colors—sable and white, tri-color, blue merle, or white.

Intelligence and trainability: Border Collie vs collie

When it comes to the smartest dog breeds, the Border Collie will win that crown every time. But that doesn't necessarily mean they're an easy breed to train!

"The Border Collie is one of the most intelligent breeds of dogs, but this does bring some challenges, especially to novice owners," Dr MacMillan says. "These dogs can lose interest during training if they are not being properly challenged. Border Collies excel at things like agility and flyball, thriving on both the physical and mental aspects."

So, how does the collie fare in comparison?

"Collies are still pretty smart, but they are usually the easiest of the two breeds to train, as they have an eager-to-please nature and are a bit more relaxed than the high-energy Border Collie," Dr MacMillan explains.

If you're wanting to train your dog on your own, it's worth noting that all breeds benefit from a patient and consistent approach with lots of positive reinforcement. But this is particularly true for the Border Collie, which can be strong-minded. Keep sessions short and fun, and put their herding instincts to good use with specific herding training.

Exercise needs: Border Collie vs collie

Regardless of whether you adopt a Border Collie or a collie, you're going to want to provide them with lots of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.

"Both dogs are working breeds, so they need a decent amount of physical exercise," Dr. MacMillan confirms. "However, the Border Collie is the more lively of the two and needs at least two hours every day, whereas collies are OK with around an hour."

The Border Collie and the collie are both athletic dogs, but they also have very bright minds, so it's important not to neglect their brains when it comes to exercise. The best dog puzzle toys will offer them both a good mental workout, and there are ways you can keep dog walks fun through parkour and scent work, which are brilliant for both body and mind.

Border Collies in particular are a very high-energy breed, and without a significant amount of exercise each day, they're prone to becoming bored and destructive. Mixing things up is key with this breed, so be sure to incorporate games of fetch, agility training, flyball, swimming, hiking, and running, as well as lots of opportunities to sniff off-leash in a secure area.

Grooming: Border Collie vs collie

When it comes to the grooming needs of the Border Collie and collie, the two breeds do differ, with the Border Collie being the more low-maintenance of the two.

"Some Border Collies have a silky coat, whereas others are a bit denser. They are all generally low maintenance, though, and will just need brushing once or twice a week, depending on how easily they tangle," Dr MacMillan says.

In terms of the collie, those with long, rough coats will need more maintenance than smooth-coated collies.

"Rough collies require brushing a few times a week and possibly daily during shedding season, while smooth collies will have more similar needs to the Border Collie," explains Dr. MacMillan.

She goes on to add that, as with all dog breeds, daily teeth brushing is also recommended and nail trims as required. If you're nervous about dealing with your pup's pearly whites, check out our vet's guide to how to brush a dog's teeth—you'll be a pro in no time!

Health considerations: Border Collie vs collie

For many of us who are pet parents, health considerations play a key role in our decision-making process when it comes to deciding on which breed of dog to welcome into our family. While we understand that our canine companions won't be with us forever, we still want to have them around for as long as possible. That's where really studying a breed's predisposition to certain health issues can come in handy.

"Both Border Collies and collies are generally healthy dogs," says Dr. MacMillan. "However, they are at increased risk of progressive retinal atrophy and collie eye anomaly, both of which can cause blindness in affected animals. Epilepsy seems more common in border collies than collies, with some dogs relying on multiple medications to keep their seizures under control.

“In my experience, collies are more prone to urinary incontinence. This is especially common in older, overweight, elderly females. I have seen this cause hygiene issues, with their thick, rough coat very easily becoming saturated with urine.

“Hip dysplasia can affect both breeds, along with many other pedigree dogs. This hereditary problem causes a developmental abnormality in one or both hip joints. This leads to joint pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis. Buying your collie or Border Collie from a reputable breeder who carries out all the recommended health screening in their dogs is essential."

Owner suitability: Border Collie vs collie

Thinking of getting a puppy or adopting an adult dog? If so, it's worth giving some thought to your home environment and lifestyle to be sure the breed you choose is the best fit for you. Here's what Dr MacMillan has to say about these breeds.

"The collie is much more suited to family life than the Border Collie as they are more laid-back and less demanding than the highly energetic Border Collie. They are good companion dogs, with only moderate exercise needs, so they can be quite adaptable.

“Border Collies need experienced owners who can put plenty of time into stimulating their dogs. If you are looking for a dog to take to agility or compete with, then the border collie is definitely the right choice for you. Sadly, many Border Collies end up with behavioral issues as they are adopted by people who just can’t meet their needs sufficiently."

Before you decide on a breed, make sure you have the time and energy to devote to them and that you're aware of how to meet their unique needs to ensure they thrive in your care.

Read next: Facts about Border Collies

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver

Stocky and muscular, the American Staffordshire Terrier has an imposing appearance. They are a controversial and are banned breed in some countries and states. But while you may think that makes them unworthy of a guide, there are still many places where you can bring one into your home. And, as always, the question is whether they will be be a good fit for you?

The breed certainly has many positive qualities. They’re loving and affectionate and they form close bonds with children. But they do need to be handled with care and they also need to be kept busy. To help explain the ins and outs of owning an American Staffordshire Terrier, we’ve enlisted the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do American Staffordshire Terriers need a lot of exercise?

American Staffordshire Terriers are very athletic dogs and you need to ensure they get plenty of physical stimulation every day.

“This energetic, muscular breed needs one to two hours of exercise daily, depending on their health and age,” Dr MacMillan says. But bear in mind that the type of exercise is important.

Ideally, it needs to be as vigorous as you can make it so engage in fun games to play with dogs, such as of tug-of-war (which is great for strengthening your bond with a dog) – anything to burn off that excess energy. You should also, of course, go on lengthy walks or runs and maybe some of the best dog puzzle toys.

Since they love to be around people, however, you shouldn’t just leave them alone to run around the yard. Try to accompany them as best you can and, if you do allow them off leash, only do so in secure fenced yard or dog park since this breed has strong reactive instincts.

Are American Staffordshire Terriers easy to train?

You’ll find American Staffordshire Terriers are people pleasers and that is sure to make your life a little easier. But one thing’s for sure, you need to train this breed well.

“They are intelligent dogs and should be relatively straightforward to train provided you maintain a positive and consistent approach from an early age,” Dr MacMillan says.

Indeed, early socialization is a must so that they cope well around strangers and animals and adapt well in unfamiliar surroundings. You will, however, need to overcome this breed’s stubborn streak and you may find it difficult to prevent them from chewing and digging. Training will, therefore, entail understanding the breed and a good amount of patience.

“Plenty of mental stimulation is needed to keep them busy, which will also help to stop behavioral issues from developing,” Dr MacMillan says.

Are American Staffordshire Terriers aggressive?

A poorly trained American Staffordshire Terrier is likely to be a problem.

“AmStaffs are not inherently aggressive but like most dogs, they could show these tendencies if they haven’t been properly socialized,” Dr MacMillan says.

Likewise, dogs that are bored or not exercised enough will also be a problem.

“They are much more likely to develop issues like aggression, destructive behavior, and excessive vocalization,” she adds.

It’s why American Staffordshire Terriers are banned or restricted in some countries. In the US, for example, you will find complete or partial bans on Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

“American Staffordshire Terriers are a pitbull-type breed sharing many similar features and, as such, there is a stigma attached to them,” Dr MacMillan says. “In countries where they are not yet banned, the pitbull probably is so there is still a risk of mistaken identity if you choose to own this breed.”

In the UK, American Staffordshire Terriers are included in the pitbull terrier category under the Dangerous Dogs Act of 1991, making it illegal to own, breed, sell, exchange, advertise or give away this breed.

Do American Staffordshire Terriers make good family pets?

Given the answer above, you may well think you should steer well clear of this breed and yet it’s not as simple as that.

“American Staffordshire Terriers can make good family pets provided they have had the correct socialization and training,” Dr MacMillan says.

But care should obviously be taken.

“This is not a novice dog breed so it does require an owner who has the time to put into their care needs,” she adds. “A busy young family may struggle with this, so the American Staffordshire Terrier is more suited to a home with older children or teenagers.

“Remember, even if your American Staffordshire Terrier is a big softy, you must never leave any dog unsupervised with children in case accidents happen.”

Do American Staffordshire Terriers need a lot of grooming?

Despite the answer above, American Staffordshire Terriers are actually one of the no-hassle breeds for time-poor people – at least in terms of grooming.

“This breed sheds moderate amounts all year long. They have a short easy to care for coat that only needs brushing once or twice a week,” Dr MacMillan says.

You don’t even need to bath them often, restricting them to times when they become very dirty or start to pong. So long as the nails are trimmed and you’re keeping an eye on them, they’re an easy breed to look after.

American Staffordshire Terrier health problems

The American Staffordshire Terrier is a generally healthy dog but hip and elbow dysplasia is common in this breed.

“These developmental joint abnormalities can cause joint pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of osteoarthritis,” Dr MacMillan says.

Like many breeds, the American Staffordshire Terrier can also suffer from progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).

“This inherited eye condition causes loss of vision and even blindness,” she explains.

Cerebellar ataxia has been documented in American Staffordshire Terriers.

“This hereditary neurological disorder causes changes in the way your dog moves, such as stiffness, loss of balance, head tremors, and rapid eye movements,” Dr MacMillan says.

“Symptoms are often first noticed around 3–6 years of age. Sadly, there is no cure for this condition and many dogs will progress to the point where they are no longer able to walk. Euthanasia is advised at this point.”

Some problems can be avoided if you buy sensibly, though.

“Purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder who has carried out health screening for inherited conditions, and only breeds from fit dogs, is extremely important,” Dr MacMillan advises.

Should I get an American Staffordshire Terrier?

Depending on where you live, this answer may have already been decided – you will need to check for any restrictions or bans with the relevant authorities. But assuming you are able to get an American Staffordshire Terrier, then it comes down to circumstances: will you have enough time to spend training and exercising the breed and do you have a young family?

In the right hands and in the best environment, you’ll find this breed is loving, loyal and protective and a great asset. But it’s not a good dog for a first-time dog owner.

Read next: Staffordshire Bull Terrier breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Trying to decide between pitbull vs boxer? Well, you're in luck because in this vet-verified breed comparison, we're revealing everything you need to know about these two dogs so you can find the right dog for you.

Pitbulls have a controversial history and reputation, having originally been bred for bull baiting and fighting. However, with the correct training and socialization, pitbulls are known for being incredibly loyal, affectionate, and friendly companions.

Boxers are true canine clowns, with goofy and enthusiastic natures that make it impossible not to fall in love with them. Bright and alert, they are very patient and protective dogs, making them a wonderful choice for families with children.

To help you decide which of these two breeds to welcome into your home, we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she shares her knowledge around how easy these two breeds are to train, how much exercise they need, and the specific health issues they're each prone to. Let's take a look...

Size: Pitbull vs boxer

The boxer is the taller and heavier of these two breeds, with males weighing between 65–80 pounds and females coming in around 15 pounds lighter. Males are slightly taller than females, measuring approximately 23–25 inches, with females reaching heights of 21.5–23.5 inches.

Pitbulls show the same differences between the sexes, with males being taller and heavier than their female counterparts. Most male pitbulls stand 18–19 inches tall at the shoulder and can weigh anywhere between 35–60 pounds. Females stand 17–18 inches tall and typically weigh 30–50 pounds.

Appearance: Pitbull vs boxer

While both pitbulls and boxers are medium-sized, muscular dogs, there are some key differences that set these two breeds apart.

Pitbulls have a broader and squarer head than boxers, with a slightly longer muzzle, and they are more compact with a wider chest and strong shoulders. They have a short tail, which is usually kept at its natural length, and their ears can be cropped or left natural. Pitbulls are also known for their wide smile.

In contrast, boxers have a rounder face and a lower jaw that is much longer than their upper jaw, which gives them a very distinctive underbite. Their ears and short tail are typically cropped, and they have a lean and athletic build. They also have flat faces coupled with round eyes, which gives them a baby-faced appearance.

Intelligence and trainability: Pitbull vs boxer

Thinking of adopting a dog? If so, how easy they're going to be to train may be something you want to think about before deciding on which breed to welcome into your life.

According to Dr MacMillan, both pitbulls and boxers need early socialization and training to ensure they grow into well-mannered adult dogs.

"Boxer dogs are moderately intelligent, whereas pitbulls are of moderate to high intelligence," she explains.

"Both breeds are energetic, so it’s important they receive enough exercise, otherwise it could affect their concentration during training. They are both keen learners, but can also be a bit stubborn at times, so consistency is key. Some owners report that boxers can take a bit longer to housetrain compared to pitbulls."

Training your dog on your own needn't be a huge challenge, but it's worth bearing in mind that it may take a fair bit of time, patience, and consistency to help your new fur friend learn the ropes of what's expected of them.

Exercise needs: Pitbull vs boxer

Looking for a quiet pace of life filled with gentle strolls around your neighborhood and leisurely days at home? Well, you'll definitely want to steer clear of these two breeds! However, if what you're after is an active companion who will keep you on your toes, then Dr MacMillan says that both of these breeds are a great choice.

"Boxer dogs are known for their bouncy enthusiasm! They are energetic and need at least two hours of exercise per day, whereas many pitbulls may only need one to two hours," she explains.

Because boxers are a flat-faced breed, it's worth splitting up their exercise sessions and spreading them out across the day to avoid them overheating—this is particularly important in the warmer months when they struggle to regulate their body temperature.

Both boxers and pitbulls are high-energy breeds who need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. Because of that, it's worth investing in some of the best dog puzzle toys to give their minds a good workout. Playing a variety of brain games for dogs will also go down a treat with these two breeds.

Grooming: Pitbull vs boxer

While grooming sessions can be a wonderful way to bond with your dog, you may not have a ton of spare time to spend brushing your new fur friend. If that's the case, you'll be relieved to hear that both of these breeds are very low-maintenance on the grooming front.

"Boxers and pitbulls have short, easy-to-care-for coats, which just need brushing once a week to remove loose hairs," says Dr. MacMillan. "Like all dog breeds, they will also need daily teeth brushing, however, to prevent tartar buildup and gum inflammation."

When it comes to keeping dog teeth clean, it's important to use a pet-safe toothpaste. You can pair this with dental dog chews and treats to help reduce plaque and making sure your pup has regular vet checkups can also be a great way to keep their pearly whites in tip-top condition.

Health considerations: Pitbull vs boxer

With most of us keen to have our dogs with us for as long as possible, it's normal to be worried about potential health issues. We asked Dr MacMillan what sort of problems you may encounter if you adopt a boxer or a pitbull. Here's what she had to say:

"Boxer dogs are brachycephalic (flat-faced), meaning they have narrowed airways compared to most pitbulls," she explains. "This increases the chances of breathing issues, exercise intolerance, and snoring, as well as putting them at greater risk of heatstroke. Brachycephalic dog breeds are at an increased risk of running into difficulties when giving birth, due to their wide, square heads.

“Boxer dogs are at a greater risk of developing cancer than many other dog breeds. Malignant skin tumors are common in boxers, including mast cell tumors. But they can also suffer from other forms of cancer, like lymphoma.

“Boxers are also prone to certain inherited heart conditions, including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), otherwise known as ‘boxer cardiomyopathy’. This heart complaint can cause exercise intolerance, fainting, and breathing difficulties."

Dr MacMillan adds that in her opinion, pitbulls are the healthier of the two breeds as they are not specifically prone to some of the big health problems that boxers are.

"However, like many breeds, they commonly suffer from skin allergies. Affected dogs may experience hair loss, itchiness, and skin inflammation. Demodectic mange is common in pitbulls, too. These small mites can cause patchy hair loss, but they are easily treated with anti-parasite products."

Finally, Dr MacMillan says: "Hip dysplasia can affect both pitbulls and boxers, so purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder who health screens their dogs is essential."

Owner suitability: Pitbull vs boxer

So, now that you know a little bit more about the pitbull and boxer, you may be wondering which of these two dogs would be the best fit for you, your home, and your lifestyle.

According to Dr MacMillan, both breeds require an owner with an active lifestyle who has plenty of time to put into exercising and training.

"If these dogs are under-stimulated, it could lead to behavioral issues like anxiety, increased vocalization, and destructive tendencies," she explains.

If you have children at home, Dr MacMillan says that boxers are a much better choice.

"Boxers are much better suited to families than pitbulls, as they tend to be playful and have a more even personality. The pitbull is a banned breed in many countries due to questions raised about their temperament, so I would never recommend keeping them in a household with young children."

Read next: More facts about boxers and facts about pitbulls

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Aussiedoodles are a cross between an Australian Shepherd and a poodle and they began to emerge in the 1990s. By mixing two affable, intelligent pure breeds, the Aussiedoodle has proven to be an adaptable, quick-learning dog and a great companion for scores of families. But they’re also rather demanding, if not in body then certainly in mind. Are you going to be up for the challenge?

To better explore the pros and cons of owning an Aussiedoodle, we’ve sought the advice of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. We’ve also considered both types of Aussiedoodle – the standard medium-sized and miniature versions. By the end of this guide, you should have a clearer idea of whether this poodle crossbreed will best suit you and your lifestyle.

Do Aussiedoodles need a lot of exercise?

Aussiedoodles are energetic dogs but the amount of physical stimulation they need will vary.

“Their exercise needs depend on their size,” Dr MacMillan explains. “If the cross contains a standard poodle, then they could need up to two hours of exercise each day but a toy poodle cross may only need around 45 minutes per day.”

Since the breed has been crossed with an Australian Shepherd (a herding breed), it’s going to have a herding instinct so you will need to keep Aussiedoodles on a leash and ensure any free runs are in a very secure area. Aussiedoodles also love being outdoors having adventures and since Australian Shepherds and poodles are working breeds, they love to be given tasks to do as well.

If you live near water, that’s even better because, like poodles, they are one of the dog breeds that are made for swimming. At the very least, allow them to play with water – they’ll love messing around with a garden hose.

Are Aussiedoodles easy to train?

Considering poodles are one of the smartest breeds, according to canine psychiatrist Stanley Coren in his book, The Intelligence of Dogs, you can take it as a given that an Aussiedoodle will be clever too. What’s more, since Australian Shepherds are clued up dogs, it’s not a case of one side letting them down.

“Both poodles and Australian Shepherds are intelligent and energetic so this lovable mix will be similar,” Dr Rebecca MacMillan says. “These dogs are extremely smart and will pick things up quickly with the right consistent approach.”

As such, you’ll need to set aside sufficient time to socialize the breed early, using positive reinforcement and patience to navigate their possible stubborn nature. You also need to ensure training sessions are short and sweet, adopt a consistent approach and work on tackling separation anxiety.

“These dogs are a very affectionate breed and like being with people, which could come across as clingy,” Dr MacMillan says. “It’s certainly important to make sure that they are trained to be left alone for short periods.”

Do Aussiedoodles make good family pets?

With their mix of Australian Shepherds – bringing loyalty, protection, friendliness, adoration and love – and Poodles – known for being affectionate, gentle and energetic – Aussiedoodles make great family dogs. But while they’re adaptable and just at home in an apartment as they are in a large home, they will need to be properly socialized and trained.

“These dogs also need plenty of mental stimulation so they are best suited to a family who has enough time to meet their needs,” Dr MacMillan says. “These dogs will want to be kept busy so think about the best dog puzzle toys, regular training exercises and dog classes like agility and obedience.

Do Aussiedoodles need a lot of grooming?

Aussiedoodles come in two coat types, depending on which genetic traits they inherit.

“They can have a curly poodle-type coat which will require frequent brushing or clipping to keep it manageable,” says Dr MacMillan

“The softer, wavy-coated variety is a little easier to care for, with regular brushing enough for many, though they can also be trimmed to keep things looking neat.”

The good news is that, like poodles, Aussiedoodles won’t leave excessive amounts of hair all over your home. “These are single-coated dogs, and thanks to their poodle heritage, they are low-shedders,” Dr MacMillan adds. As such, they are also considered to be hypoallergenic.

Aussiedoodle health problems

Crossbreeds could inherit health problems from either set of parents.

“This includes inherited joint issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia,” Dr MacMillan says.

“These developmental joint problems can cause joint pain, mobility issues and the early onset of arthritis. Inherited eye issues are another possibility including collie eye anomaly, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts.”

Toy and miniature poodle crosses may be susceptible to Legg-Calves-Perthes disease as well, which is a painful condition affecting the ball of the hip.

“Sebaceous adenitis is also common in poodles, and could be passed on to Aussiedoodles. This condition affects the oil glands in the dog’s skin causing issues with the dog’s skin and coat condition.”

Idiopathic epilepsy, common in Australian Shepherds, could be passed on to their crossbreed offspring too.

“It is important to buy your puppy from a reputable breeder that only mates healthy dogs,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Should I get an Aussiedoodle?

Aussiedoodles are wonderful dogs – gentle, affectionate and playful – but they need a lot of attention. As such, whether your exercising, training or grooming this crossbreed, you’ll need a good amount of time to spare otherwise you may find they begin to whine just to remind you that they’re around.

Indeed, at times, it can feel as if an Aussiedoodle is your shadow – they follow their owners around and they can prove to be very clingy. But if you can provide them with the right environment, you’re in for a great time – just watching these intelligent dogs in action can be rewarding enough.

Read next: Toy poodle vs miniature poodle

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

There are lots of dog breed lookalikes out there – where two breeds are quite similar and tricky to tell apart. So, if you ever find yourself looking at a dog and thinking, “Wait, is that a __ or a __?”, we’re here to help!

I’m Dr Hannah Godfrey, BVetMed MRCVS, and I graduated from the Royal Veterinary College back in 2011. It’s certainly true that the dog breeds that were popular when I first qualified aren’t as common anymore. These days, most dogs I see in my consult room are so-called designer crossbreeds, such as cockapoos and cavachons.

Whether pedigree or mixed breed, some dogs can look very similar – so let’s take a look at some examples of dog breed lookalikes and find out how to tell them apart.

Dog breed lookalikes

1. Shih Tzu vs Lhasa Apso

Read our breed profiles on the Shih Tzu and Lhasa Apso.

2. French Bulldog vs Boston Terrier

Read our breed profiles on the French Bulldog and Boston Terrier, or our full comparison of the Boston Terrier vs French Bulldog.

3. Siberian Husky vs Alaskan Malamute

Read our breed profiles on the Siberian Husky and Alaskan Malamute or our full comparison of the Husky vs Malamute.

4. Whippet vs Italian Greyhound

Read our breed profiles on the whippet and Italian Greyhound, or our comparison of the Italian Greyhound vs whippet.

5. Bearded Collie vs Old English Sheepdog

Read our round-up of the best herding dog breeds.

6. Bichon Frise vs Bolognese

Read our breed profile on the Bichon Frisé.

7. Beagle vs harrier

Read our breed profile on the beagle.

8. Welsh Terrier vs Lakeland Terrier

Read our round-ups of terrier breeds and other British dog breeds.

9. Shetland Sheepdog vs rough collie

Read our breed profile on the Shetland Sheepdog and the collie – or our full comparison of Shelties vs collies.

10. Golden retriever vs Labrador Retriever

Read our breed profiles on the golden retriever and Labrador Retriever or our full comparison of the golden retriever vs labrador.

Now that you’ve read about some of the differences between these pairs of similar breeds, you should be able to make the best choice for which canine companion suits your family best!

Read next: Dog breeds with bad reputations and the most Googled dog breeds

Edited by Megan Milstead.

When comparing the American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier, you’d be forgiven for thinking they’re the same breed. At first glance, they look incredibly similar – but as a vet with nearly 14 years of experience working with both breeds, I can confidently say there are important differences in their size, temperament, and care requirements.

I’ve worked with lots of bully breeds in clinics and surgical theatres during my time in general practice. I know first-hand how much confusion there is around these two breeds – especially given their controversial reputations – and that’s why it’s important to dig deeper into what sets them apart.

If you’re trying to decide which breed is the right fit for you and your family, or you simply want to learn more, this guide covers everything from appearance and personality to exercise needs and health. You can also check out our full breed profiles for American Pit Bull Terriers and Staffordshire Bull Terriers for more in-depth info.

Size: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

The American Pit Bull Terrier is generally taller and leaner than the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Adult American Pit Bull Terriers typically stand around 17–21 inches (43–53 cm) tall and weigh between 30–65 pounds (13.5–29.5 kg), depending on sex and build.

In contrast, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, often affectionately called a "Staffy," is more compact and muscular. They usually measure 14–16 inches (36–41 cm) at the shoulder and weigh around 24–38 pounds (11–17 kg).

So, if you're looking for a slightly larger, more athletic dog, the Pit Bull might be more suitable. If you prefer a sturdy, stockier companion with a slightly smaller footprint, the Staffy is a great choice.

Appearance: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Both breeds share that characteristic strong, muscular build with broad chests and short, sleek coats. However, American Pit Bulls tend to have a longer muzzle and a more athletic frame. Their ears are often cropped in the US (though this practice is banned in the UK), and they have a noticeable tuck-up in the abdomen.

Staffordshire Bull Terriers, on the other hand, are blockier and more compact. They have a shorter, broader face, a famously wide “smile,” and well-defined cheek muscles. Their ears are typically rose-shaped and left natural.

In terms of coat colors, both breeds come in a wide variety – from brindle, black, and blue, to fawn, red, and white. Patterns can include solid, patched, or piebald. Their short, single coats mean they don’t have the insulation of double-coated breeds, so they may feel the cold more in winter.

Intelligence and Trainability: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Both breeds are intelligent, eager to please, and highly trainable – but they also require consistent handling and early socialization. Pit Bulls, in particular, thrive on positive reinforcement and mental stimulation. Without it, they can become bored and may develop unwanted behaviors.

Staffies are known for their clownish personality and affectionate nature. They’re typically very responsive to training, especially when rewards (and cuddles!) are involved. Their people-focused attitude makes them natural companions, and they often excel in canine sports and obedience classes.

Top training tips include:

• Start early with socialization and reward-based training.
• Use short, upbeat sessions to keep their attention.
• Avoid harsh corrections – both breeds are sensitive and can become anxious or frustrated with punishment.

Exercise Needs: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Both the American Pit Bull Terrier and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier are energetic dogs that need plenty of physical and mental stimulation. Daily walks, structured playtime, and off-lead exercise in a secure area are essential.

Pit Bulls typically have higher stamina levels and might enjoy longer runs or agility activities. Staffies, while still active, are often happy with shorter but more frequent bursts of exercise.

A bored bully breed is a destructive one, so interactive toys, scent games, and obedience work can be a huge help in keeping them mentally satisfied.

Grooming: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Grooming is one area where both breeds are refreshingly low-maintenance. Their short coats shed moderately year-round but don’t require trimming or special care.

Weekly brushing with a rubber grooming mitt or a bristle brush will help remove loose hairs and distribute skin oils. This keeps their coat sleek and healthy.

You can check out the best dog brushes if you’re not sure where to start. Don't forget to check and clean their ears, trim their nails regularly, and brush their teeth a few times a week to support good dental hygiene.

Health Considerations: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Both breeds are generally robust, but like all dogs, they can be prone to certain hereditary and lifestyle-related health conditions.

American Pit Bull Terriers may be more predisposed to:

• Hip dysplasia
• Allergies (especially related to skin)
• Hypothyroidism
• Heart disease

Staffordshire Bull Terriers can be more at risk of:

• Hereditary cataracts and other eye issues
• Elbow dysplasia
• Skin allergies
• L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (a rare but serious neurological condition)

Both breeds benefit from:

• Annual vet checkups
• Weight monitoring
• A balanced diet
• Parasite control
• Responsible breeding (health-tested parents are essential!)
• Pet insurance is also a good idea, especially since treatment for some of the above conditions can be costly

Owner suitability: American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

When it comes to choosing between the American Pit Bull Terrier vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier, your lifestyle and experience level should guide your decision.

Pit Bulls are best suited to active, experienced owners who understand the importance of firm but kind training and early socialization. They do best in homes where someone is around most of the day, and they need secure, high-fenced gardens due to their strength and agility.

Staffordshire Bull Terriers are often a better choice of dog for first-time owners, thanks to their affectionate and forgiving nature. They tend to be very family-oriented and usually do well with children if socialized from a young age.

However, both breeds need dedicated training and exercise, and they are not the right fit for anyone who can’t commit to daily walks, mental enrichment, and consistent routines.

If you're considering one of these brilliant breeds, take the time to meet both types and speak with vets, trainers, and reputable rescue centers. With the right environment, both the American Pit Bull Terrier and the Staffordshire Terrier make loving, loyal, and endlessly entertaining companions.

Read next: American Staffordshire Terrier or Dogs that get mistaken for pitbulls

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Toy poodles and Maltipoos might look similar, but a closer comparison reveals some noticeable differences, such as their coat type and exercise needs. Below, we take a look at the similarities, differences, pros, and cons of both breeds to help you decide which is best for your home, family, and lifestyle.

I graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in London in 2011. As a small animal vet working in practice, I’ve noticed that the most popular dog breeds have changed over the 14 years I’ve been qualified.

While toy poodles were very popular in the past, I see fewer of them these days. Maltipoos, on the other hand, are a relatively recent crossbreed (at least officially!) and I’m seeing them more often now.

Size: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

Toy poodles and Maltipoos are both relatively small dogs. However, the size of a Maltipoo is much more variable.

While toy poodles tend to be less than 10 inches tall, Maltipoos may be anything between nine and 14 inches tall, although most are less than 12 inches. This variation is because Maltipoos are a cross between a Maltese Terrier and a poodle, but the poodle may be a toy poodle or a miniature poodle.

Appearance: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

The main difference between toy poodles and Maltipoos in terms of appearance is that Maltipoos can have white markings, whereas toy poodles tend to be a solid color (as breed standard).

Possible coat colors for both breeds include white, apricot, black, beige, blue, brown, cream, red, silver, and gray. Both breeds have dangly ears and a slim muzzle (although this might be disguised by their hair!), but Maltipoos may have sleek hair like a Maltese or curly hair like a poodle.

Intelligence and Trainability: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

Both toy poodles and Maltipoos can be trained relatively easily. Maltipoos in particular bond strongly with their owners, so pleasing them is a big motivator. However, toy poodles are a little higher in energy, more playful, and potentially a little smarter, meaning training them is quite straightforward.

Exercise needs: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

Poodles are a high-energy, active breed, so toy poodles and Maltipoos both need a decent amount of exercise – think at least 30–45 minutes daily to avoid boredom, frustration, or weight gain.

If you’re not able to exercise your dog as often as you’d like, you could always involve them in your workout routine. For inspiration, read these ways to workout with your dog.

Grooming: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

Both dogs require plenty of grooming to prevent mats and keep their skin and fur clean. However, because poodles are a relatively low-shedding breed, you shouldn’t expect to see lots of hair around your home – which might be a relief!

If you want to keep either of these breeds looking and feeling their best, groom them daily or at least three times a week with one of the best dog brushes. While you might expect regular brushing to be an ordeal, both breeds enjoy interaction and contact with their own, so you’ll find it’s great bonding time.

Health considerations: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

While both breeds are generally considered healthy (particularly the Maltipoo), poodles are prone to a few health conditions, which of course could pass on to any crossbreed that descends from them.

For instance, poodles, like many other small breeds, are prone to luxating patella, which is where their kneecap is looser and more mobile than it should be, and easily slips in and out. This can cause an intermittent hop or a more persistent limp, and occasionally treatment is required, depending on the severity. If your dog hops or skips occasionally, it’s worth getting them checked by a vet.

Poodles are also prone to eye conditions, including progressive retinal atrophy, so getting your poodle or poodle-cross assessed by an ophthalmologist is always a good idea.

Owner suitability: Toy poodle vs Maltipoo

Maltipoos are particularly clingy and don’t enjoy being separated from their carer for long periods. Therefore, their ideal owner would be home a lot or be able to take them along to work or any commitments outside of the home.

Both breeds are active, playful, and intelligent, so they would benefit from a home with someone with an active lifestyle and plenty of time to spend with them.

Neither breed requires an owner with previous dog-owning experience, as they are relatively straightforward to own, but it’s important to take care around young children – ensuring the dog is trained and the children are familiar with gentle handling before you allow them to be together. As with any dog, children and dogs should always be supervised.

If you’re considering having a Maltipoo or toy poodle join your family, you’re making a great choice. These breeds are affectionate, lively, fun, and relatively straightforward to train. However, before taking one on make sure you have the time to dedicate to them, as they often don’t like being left alone.

Read next: Best teddy bear dog breeds and cutest dog breeds

Edited by Megan Milstead.

The Clumber Spaniel gains its namesake from Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire, UK, and they were originally bred at the end of the 18th century as hunting dogs designed to work in thick cover. Though they are the heaviest spaniel breed, they are true gentle giants. With their large heads, droopy eyes and floppy ears, they are a gentlemanly and mellow addition to a family home, though they are serious scent-hunters when out and about.

These friendly spaniels are easygoing and easy to please, and though they can be wary of strangers, they are not prone to bark or show aggression. They get along well with children and other dogs, but as with all working breeds, they benefit from early training and socialization.

If you think a Clumber Spaniel is the perfect match for you, read on to find out more about this British breed, with expert advice from vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do Clumber Spaniels shed?

Yes, Clumber Spaniels are known for their shedding. They have a double coat made up of a dense undercoat and a water-resistant outer coat. The coat is medium in length, with feathering around their chest, legs, tail and ears.

During seasonal shedding periods, more frequent brushing with a de-shedding tool can help you to keep on top of the increased hair loss, keeping them – and your home – looking tidier.

What grooming needs does a Clumber Spaniel have?

Thanks to the Clumber Spaniel’s double coat, regular grooming is a must to avoid tangles and matting.

“Brushing a Clumber Spaniel’s coat a couple of times a week is recommended to keep it looking its best,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “You may also need to trim their feathery legs, paws, and ears to keep them neat and tangle-free.”

As with all dogs, daily toothbrushing is recommended, along with monthly nail trims. Keeping their long, droopy ears clean will also help to keep ear infections at bay.

Are Clumber Spaniels good family dogs?

Yes, Clumber Spaniels are renowned for being really great family dogs. Though they are a powerful breed, they are gentle and laid back in the home, and they’re a steady and dependable companion if the right training has been provided.

“Clumber Spaniels are known for being patient, gentle and affectionate, which makes them great family pets,” says Dr MacMillan. “They are good with children, provided they have had the right early socialization and training.”

They are an intelligent breed and are easy to please, though they can show some stubbornness and like to think things through. Keep training sessions short and sweet to maintain their interest, and focus on positive, reward-based training to get the best from your Clumber Spaniel.

And bear in mind their history as a working dog – though they are mellow at home, they do need enough exercise to prevent any boredom. They enjoy long walks with plenty of opportunities for sniffing – while they are slower-moving than many spaniels, they still have plenty of stamina.

Are Clumber Spaniels good with cats?

Although Clumber Spaniels are working dogs, they are generally considered to be a good choice of dog for a home with cats, as long as they are introduced to them at a young age.

“Clumber Spaniels are calmer and less energetic than most other spaniel breeds, which makes them a good choice if you have cats,” explains Dr MacMillan. “However, you must ensure that your Clumber is introduced to cats from an early age and that any interactions are supervised and positive.”

Do Clumber Spaniels drool a lot?

Yes, Clumber Spaniels are a breed known to drool a lot, thanks to their droopy lips. This can make the coat around their face and chest sticky, meaning regular brushing is important to prevent matting. Their face shape can also mean they are prone to snoring.

Clumber Spaniel common health problems

Clumber Spaniels are prone to “many different” health complaints, says Dr MacMillan.

Due to their characteristic droopy facial features, various eye complaints can be common.

“Entropion (rolling inwards) of the eyelids can cause watery eyes and painful eye ulcers,” she explains. “Ectropion (eyelids that roll outwards) can contribute to dry eye and eye infections.

“They are also prone to hereditary eye conditions like cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), but health screening parent dogs can reduce the risk of these problems being passed on to their offspring,” Dr MacMillan adds.

The Clumber Spaniel’s droopy ears are another consideration to bear in mind, as they can be prone to ear infections.

“Floppy ears trap heat and moisture in the ear canal, which is the perfect breeding ground for yeast and bacteria. Underlying skin allergies can also increase their chances of suffering from ear flare-ups,” explains Dr MacMillan.

The breed’s long backs can be another cause for concern, as Dr MacMillan confirms: “Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is common in this breed due to their long backs. IVDD can cause pain, paralysis, and incontinence.”

As with many pedigree breeds, developmental joint issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia are also seen frequently in Clumber Spaniels. Dr MacMillan explains that this can lead to “pain, mobility issues and the early onset of arthritis”.

Should I buy a Clumber Spaniel?

If you’re after a gentle giant who enjoys long, leisurely walks, then the Clumber Spaniel could be for you. These mellow gentlemen are a welcome addition to any family home, getting on well with children and other pets, and they’re the perfect snuggle buddy after a long day.

They’re not prone to barking or aggression, and though they can be aloof with strangers, you’ll be hard-pressed to find a more loyal dog breed to add to your family.

These friendly dogs can be a good choice for first-time dog owners, as long as you’re prepared to put in the time and effort to train and socialize your new pup. However, do be aware of their grooming needs – particularly thanks to their shedding and drooling – and ensure they have annual health check-ups with the vet to catch any potential health issues early on.

Read next: King Charles Cavalier vs Cocker Spaniel or Cocker vs Springer

The greyhound and the whippet look so similar that it's only their height and weight that make it easy to distinguish between the two. And it's not surprising they look so alike, as the whippet is actually a direct descendant of the ancient greyhound, which technically makes them family.

While the greyhound is the larger and faster of the two, the whippet is certainly no slouch in the energy department. Both breeds were built for speed rather than endurance, and made our list of the fastest dog breeds.

The whippet is the more family-friendly of the two, so they can be a great choice if you have young children in the home. They love attention and typically get on well with everyone. The greyhound is usually more of a sensitive soul who likes a calm environment, so they don't always do well with children and other dogs.

However, with the right socialization and plenty of opportunities to exercise, both breeds can make wonderful companions. Below, expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan reveals everything you need to know about the greyhound and whippet, including how easy they are to train and the particular health issues that you'll want to be aware of.

Size: Greyhound vs whippet

While the greyhound and the whippet look very similar in terms of their physical appearance, where they do differ is in size and weight.

The greyhound is the larger of these two breeds, typically measuring around 28–30 inches in height and weighing somewhere in the vicinity of 60–70 pounds, depending on whether they're male or female.

In comparison, the whippet is quite a bit smaller, with a height of around 18–22 inches and a weight of 25–40 pounds.

Appearance: Greyhound vs whippet

Both the greyhound and the whippet have a sleek appearance and share many similarities, including their long, lean legs, short coats, and slender bodies. They also have the same narrow heads, long muzzles, and large eyes that are either round or oval in shape.

Where they differ slightly is with their overall build and coat type. Greyhounds are more muscular than whippets, who also have smaller ears and more patterns and markings on their coat.

The Greyhound has large ears and comes in a range of colors; while they can have striped patterns, they don't have the patches that the whippet has.

Trainability: Greyhound vs whippet

There are so many benefits of training your dog, including improving leash walking, recall, and focus. But some breeds are easier to train than others. If you're looking for a canine companion who masters new commands with ease, it's worth hearing what Dr MacMillan has to say about whippets and greyhounds.

"Both breeds are very intelligent, but whippets are considered one of the easiest dogs to train because of their eager-to-please nature," she explains. "This makes them a good choice for less experienced dog owners. The greyhound can have a bit more of a stubborn streak, and they are sensitive souls, which means they don’t respond well to harsh criticism.”

When it comes to training your dog on your own, it's worth bearing in mind that both these breeds will benefit from a positive and consistent approach to their training. Plenty of verbal praise and a few dog treats will go a long way in helping you to get the results you're after.

Dr MacMillan adds that making sure both breeds have received enough physical exercise before you start your training session will enable them to concentrate more effectively.

"You must pay particular attention to training recall as these dogs are sight hounds and therefore have a high prey drive. This can lead to them becoming distracted while free running off the leash."

Exercise: Greyhound vs whippet

When it comes to ways to workout with your pet, you'll be spoiled for choice with the greyhound and whippet, as both of these dogs love keeping their bodies physically active.

"Both greyhounds and most whippets need at least an hour of exercise each day," Dr MacMillan advises. "This will help to keep their athletic bodies in good shape. Some off-leash exercise in a secure space is essential, as both dogs were bred for speed."

While it's worth bearing in mind that they are both fast breeds, you'll find that once they've had a good run around, they'll be quite happy to flop on the floor and have a snooze once they get home.

Grooming: Greyhound vs whippet

When thinking about adopting a dog, one thing many potential pet parents consider is how low-maintenance a breed's coat is. This can be particularly important if you don't have a lot of time to spare and would prefer not to have to engage in daily brushing sessions.

Thankfully, Dr MacMillan says that both whippets and greyhounds have short, easy-to-care-for coats and confirms that they should only require brushing once or twice a week.

However, as part of your dog's grooming routine, she recommends daily teeth brushing as fine-nosed dogs can be prone to dental disease. We'd recommend taking a look at our guides to the best toothbrushes for dogs and the best dog toothpaste.

Health: Greyhound vs whippet

How healthy a breed is may also be something you want to take into consideration when welcoming a new fur friend into your family. Here's what Dr MacMillan has to say about greyhounds and whippets.

"Both greyhounds and whippets are generally healthy dogs. Whippets tend to live a bit longer, though, up to 15 years of age with the right care, while greyhounds may live 10–14 years of age. Because they have similar builds, they are prone to very similar health complaints.

“Due to their slender frames and thin skin, both breeds are susceptible to injuries. Cuts and abrasions are common occurrences for these dogs, especially while running at speed. Broken bones can also occur in these long-legged dogs.”

Both breeds can suffer from corns on their footpads.

“These occur due to excessive keratin production (hard skin), which can lead to painful lameness.

“Mitral valve disease, which is a condition affecting one of the valves in the heart, is reported often in whippets, but greyhounds can suffer too. Symptoms can include exercise intolerance, a cough, and lethargy.

“Dental disease is perhaps the most common issue that affects both of these dogs. Excessive tartar buildup is common, leading to gum inflammation, tooth loosening, and tooth loss. Owners must keep on top of routine oral care for these dogs, with daily teeth brushing and regular professional cleans as required."

Owner suitability: Greyhound vs whippet

When it comes to deciding between the whippet and the greyhound, Dr MacMillan says that both of these breeds are very adaptable and could happily live in the town or countryside, provided they have enough off-leash exercise.

"They are both affectionate dogs that enjoy companionship, so they need an owner who can provide them with enough time and attention," she explains. "The whippet is a better choice for novice pet owners and would fit into a family home well.

“The greyhound is a more sensitive soul and is less suited to families with young children or other pets. They are also much larger dogs, so they would be more suited to an owner with a bigger home and backyard/garden setup."

Read next: Italian Greyhounds

Basenjis are among the dog breeds most closely related to wolves, and are considered to be the oldest dog breed in the world – vying with the akita inu for such a title. They have been found to share a common ancestor with an extinct population of gray wolves and their history is a fascinating one.

They were originally bred in the Congo and early evidence of them are found in cave paintings in Libya from 8,000 years ago. They appeared to arrive in Europe in the late 19th century although it took longer for them to be introduced to the United States.

Given their background and wolf ancestry, however, is this a breed you’d want in your home? With the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan we take a closer look at Basenjis and assess their potential suitability for you based on their needs and inherent behavior.

Do basenjis need a lot of exercise?

Basenji are very active dogs so you need to ensure they have plenty of opportunity to walk, run and play. If you don’t, you run the risk of this breed becoming bored and destructive – it’s going to take a lot of effort on your part to physically and mentally stimulate a basenji.

“Basenjis are a reasonably high-energy breed and they will require at least an hour of physical exercise each day to keep them happy,” says Dr MacMillan.

To be most effective, you would ideally have a safe, secure yard with high fences in which to allow this breed to run and explore, bearing in mind they are a scent hound and have a high prey drive so don’t do particularly well if small animals are around.

When out and about in public, you will also need to keep this dog on a leash and try to keep them away from sights and smells that may prove to be too distractive. You should also remember that this is one of the fastest dog breeds, capable of reaching speeds of 30mph so you won’t want to lose sight of them.

Are basenjis easy to train?

Basenjis are known for having poor recall and they don’t actually take to training all that well. They’re rather independent and appear to view training as something they shouldn’t ought to partake in. But that doesn’t mean they’re a lost cause by any means and you just need to find a way to work effectively with them.

“Basenjis are intelligent, quick learners but they do have a short attention span so keeping training sessions short and positive will help,” says Dr MacMillan. “It is also essential to be consistent with your dog’s training and remain patient throughout – these dogs can be a bit nervous, which will be made worse if you start using any harsh or negative training methods.”

To that end, positive reinforcement is key and having the best dog treats to hand will go down well. With patience and persistence, you’ll be surprised at what this breed can achieve.

Do basenjis make good family pets?

Although a basenji doesn’t mind being left alone and is affectionate with their owner, they aren’t known to get on well with strangers and their high energy levels can be a bit too much for some.

They’re certainly not dogs for first time owners and you may want to steer clear if you have younger children.

“Basenjis are best for families with older children or teenagers, who will be better suited to their high energy levels and stubborn ways,” Dr MacMillan says.

You can, however, comfortably keep this breed in an apartment (so long as there’s good space available outside) and so long as you work on socializing the breed, you should have few issues.

Why don’t basenjis bark?

Basenjis are among the quietest dog breeds so you will find they only bark on very rare occasions. Even then, it’s more of a yodel or howl and it’s rather a unique characteristic.

“They can also yip and yap, but they don’t make a classic barking sound,” Dr MacMillan says, explaining that this is due to their unusual anatomy.

“The size and shape of their larynx affect the ability of the vocal cords to vibrate and produce a deep bark sound.

“So, while they are known as the barkless dog this doesn’t mean they are silent! These dogs will still vocalize loudly when excited or confronted with something unfamiliar.”

Are basenjis aggressive dogs?

Given how antisocial this breed can be with strangers, asking whether or not these dogs are aggressive is understandable. Their strong prey drive and independent streak may also set alarm bells ringing. But don’t worry too much.

“These are not inherently aggressive dogs provided they have the right early socialization and training,” Dr MacMillan says. “Making sure they get enough exercise and mental stimulation will also reduce the risk of behavioral problems developing.”

Do basenjis need a lot of grooming?

With their short coat and a cat-like penchant for keeping themselves clean, basenjis are something of a dream.

“These dogs are low maintenance when it comes to grooming! Their short fur is easy to care for and they should only need brushing once or twice a week,” Dr MacMillan says.

They’re also among the hypoallergenic dog breeds and don’t smell so you won’t need to do too much.

“They are a low shedding breed as well, losing fur at low levels all year round,” Dr MacMillan continues. Just keep their nails nicely trimmed and clean their ears every two to four weeks.

Basenji health problems

The basenji is prone to various health complaints.

“Fanconi syndrome is a common inherited problem in this breed,” explains Dr MacMillan. “The kidneys do not function correctly leading to loss of water, electrolytes, and nutrients in the urine.

“If left untreated, dogs with Fanconi syndrome have muscle wastage, poor condition, and will eventually die. A reputable breeder can DNA screen their dogs to avoid passing this disease on to their puppies.”

Basenjis can also suffer from inherited eye complaints like progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) which again a good breeder should be health screening for.

“This breed is also known to suffer from hemolytic anemia,” Dr MacMillan continues. “Red blood cells become destroyed faster than they are made, causing a decrease in the amount present in the dog’s bloodstream. This leads to symptoms like pale gums, lethargy, rapid breathing and collapse.”

Like many pedigree dogs, luxating patella is common in Basenjis.

“The kneecap of one or both hind legs slides out of position causing limping, discomfort and early arthritic changes,” Dr MacMillan adds. “Mild cases can be managed conservatively but more severely affected dogs could need surgery.”

Should I get a basenji?

You can certainly have your hands full with a basenji but that is not to say you should steer clear. If you’re an active and experienced dog owner, then you should find that you’re more than capable of meeting the challenge.

You will, however, need to be prepared to put in the time and understand the frustrations of training a dog that isn’t amazingly responsive. At the same time, you need to be sure their surroundings are appropriate – if they are going to be off-leash outside, then you need to ensure you have the space and the right fencing to prevent escapes. It can be a lot of investment.

Read next: Best hunting dogs

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Do you struggle to tell the Shetland Sheepdog and the collie apart? Rest assured, you're not alone! These breeds are almost identical, except for one key distinguishing feature – the collie is a lot larger.

But aside from that, there's not much separating these two hardworking breeds. Both the Shetland Sheepdog (or sheltie, as they're affectionately called) and the collie are bright dogs who are excellent with children and they make wonderfully affectionate and devoted companions.

You'll want to lead a fairly active lifestyle and have plenty of the best dog toys and games on hand if you plan on welcoming a sheltie or collie into your family. While the sheltie requires less exercise, both breeds are energetic and need plenty of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.

To help you learn more about these two lively dogs, we turned to expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey who was only too happy to reveal more. Below, you'll find everything you need to know about how easy they are to train, what their grooming needs are and the specific health issues that are worth being aware of.

Size: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

Short on space inside your home? Lacking a big garden? If so, the size of the Shetland Sheepdog may well appeal. Considered a small dog breed, they stand between 13 and 16 inches in height and weigh no more than 25 pounds, making them a good choice if you're looking for a compact canine companion.

Collies, on the other hand, are much larger with males reaching heights of around 26 inches and females measuring approximately 24 inches. They also weigh a lot more than shelties, with males tipping the scales at roughly 75 pounds and females coming in at around 65 pounds.

Appearance: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

People mix up shelties and collies all the time, which is not surprising as these two breeds look very similar. However, the easiest way to tell them apart is by their size – the collie is substantially bigger, both in height and in weight, so if they look quite small, you're dealing with a sheltie.

Shelties have long and straight coats with a dense undercoat, while collies come in two varieties – rough coated or smooth. Both breeds have variations in their coat color, with the sheltie coming in black, blue merle, and sable, with white markings and the collie coming in sable and white, tricolor, blue merle, or white.

Both breeds have striking almond-shaped eyes and wedge-shaped heads, so with the exception of their size, these two dogs look almost identical!

Trainability: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

Planning on training your dog on your own rather than hiring a professional? If so, how intelligent a breed is and how quickly they can master new commands may well play an important role in your decision making process.

Thankfully, Dr Godfrey says that both collies and Shetland Sheepdogs are very bright, clever dogs who are eager to please.

"This makes them really easy to train," she says. "However, as working dogs, they have a tendency to try to herd or chase anything that moves, meaning training is really important to keep them and other animals around them safe," she adds.

According to Dr Godrey, another habit you might want to work on with training is barking, which both breeds are prone to. "It’s usually quite a noisy affair when a sheltie visits my consult room, because they do like to bark to show they’re happy or excited!," she explains.

The good news is that with early training and socialization, both of these intelligent breeds will become loyal and obedient companions.

Exercise: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

When it comes to exercise, collies and shelties differ in terms of how much physical activity they need each day to keep them happy and healthy. Dr Godfrey says that collies are quite large dogs with lots of energy and tend to need more opportunities than shelties to burn that off. Without that, they have a tendency to get into mischief.

"They can become bored and destructive or gain weight without plenty of exercise," Dr Godfrey confirms. "When they are at home, it’s a good idea to keep them occupied and mentally and physically stimulated with toys and activities."

Dog puzzle toys can be brilliant for engaging your pups mind when you're too busy to play or why not try one of these great brain games for dogs?

While still energetic, Dr Godfrey says shelties have moderate rather than high exercise needs. "They usually also enjoy chilling out at home, so they can adapt to a variety of lifestyles," she explains.

There are so many great ways to workout with your pet, so if you're looking to mix things up a bit, why not try an obstacle or agility course? Both of which your sheltie will love.

Grooming: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

Be sure to invest in the best dog brush as you'll put it to good use with both the Shetland Sheepdog and the collie!

"Both breeds have a double coat with a long, often coarse outer coat and a softer, dense undercoat. Therefore, they need to be brushed at least weekly to avoid mats," explains Dr Godfrey.

"During shedding, they’ll lose large amounts of fur from their undercoat, so daily brushing is needed to remove this," she adds.

While grooming can be time consuming, when it comes to how to bond with your dog, regular pamper sessions are a great way to connect and deepen the relationship the two of you share.

Health: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

All of us want our canine companions to live happy and healthy lives, but as with all breeds, there are certain health issues you'll want to be aware of if you plan on adopting a collie or sheltie.

"Both breeds are at risk of genetic health problems affecting the eyes, known as collie eye anomaly and progressive retinal atrophy," says Dr Godfrey. "Thankfully, testing is available to screen for these conditions, and responsible breeders usually organize this in both the parents and the puppies."

You'll also want to consult your vet before investing in the best flea treatment for dogs. That's because both breeds are sensitive to certain medications – "in particular ivermectin, which is an ingredient in some parasite control treatments for pets," explains Dr Godfrey. The safest flea treatment for dogs can vary depending on breed, however your vet will be able to advise you on the right one for your fur friend.

When it comes to the Shetland Sheepdog specifically, Dr Godfrey says they're more at risk of developing certain health conditions, like hypothyroidism and clotting disorders.

"They are also prone to hip dysplasia, although collies can also be affected. In this condition, the hip joint develops poorly, so that the ball and socket don’t fit together snugly, allowing extra movement and pain. Hip scoring of parents before breeding helps to improve the health of the breed in the future."

Owner suitability: Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

Adopting a dog is a big decision. While there's no denying that owning a pet can infuse our lives with extra joy and meaning, each breed has specific needs meaning that some dogs will be a better fit for your lifestyle than others.

Because both the Shetland Sheepdog and the collie are energetic and need regular walks, Dr Godfrey says they're best suited to people who are active and love the outdoors.

"Both breeds are affectionate and good with children, so they’re a great option for families," she says. "However, as with any dog, it’s important to supervise interactions with children. Since shelties are smaller in size, they may be a better choice for older people or people with limited space, as they aren’t as strong and are less demanding in terms of exercise."

Before you welcome a collie or sheltie into your life, Dr. Godfrey says it's important to make sure you have the time and energy to dedicate to their training and grooming needs.

Want to learn about more dog breeds? Read our profile on the Border Collie and things to love about the Shetland Sheepdog. Or, read about other dog breed lookalikes

Edited by Megan Milstead and Georgia Guerin

When it comes to the European Doberman vs the American Doberman, you may think they look almost identical. However, dig a little deeper and you'll find that there are more differences between these Dobermans than first meets the eye.

The European Doberman is best suited to experienced owners and families with older children. While very affectionate, they're typically headstrong, require a lot of exercise and training, and are more of a working dog than a family dog.

Both breeds need a lot of exercise and love chasing after the best dog toys, but the American Doberman also loves to cuddle and is generally a lot more laid back and placid than its European counterpart.

However, with the right love and care, both of these breeds can make fantastic companions. To help you learn more, we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she explains whether these dogs are easy to train, how much exercise they really need, and which owners they're best suited to.

Size: European Doberman vs American Doberman

When talking about the size of American and European Dobermans, there really isn't an awful lot that separates these two pups.

The European Doberman has the slight edge, with an average height of between 25-28 inches and an average weight of 65-105 pounds.

In comparison, the American Doberman is ever so slightly shorter and lighter, with most measuring somewhere in the vicinity of 24-28 inches and weighing 60-100 pounds.

However, the European Doberman tends to have a thicker bone structure, so even if they weigh roughly the same as the American Doberman, they can look somewhat heavier.

Appearance: European Doberman vs American Doberman

To the novice eye, it's hard to tell the difference between the European and American Doberman. However, look a little closer and you'll likely spot a few distinct physical traits that set them apart.

The European Doberman is slightly larger and a lot more muscular and robust than its American counterpart. They have a blockier head and muzzle, and their coat has darker markings.

The American Doberman has a leaner and more elegant build, and its head is much more wedge-shaped. You'll notice they have lighter, tan, or brown markings, and while they're still highly athletic, they lack the muscular density of their European cousins.

Trainability: European Doberman vs American Doberman

Training your dog on your own can feel challenging, but thankfully, both the European and the American Doberman are intelligent and trainable, which will make your job a whole lot easier!

"The European Doberman needs a firmer and direct approach than the more sensitive and eager-to-please American Doberman," says Dr MacMillan. "Out of the two, the American Doberman is the easiest to train. However, positive reinforcement should be used with both dogs. This involves rewarding desirable behavior rather than punishing any negative traits."

When it comes to the European Doberman, they tend to be quite headstrong, but they are also driven to be obedient, so training them without the help of a professional certainly isn't impossible. You may just need to invest a greater amount of time, patience, and consistency than you would with the American Doberman, who is less headstrong and therefore takes quicker to learning new commands.

Exercise: European Doberman vs American Doberman

Looking for an active breed that will happily keep pace with you when you're pounding the pavement or hiking your favorite trail? Both of these dogs are brilliant if you love living an outdoorsy lifestyle, and their agile frames mean they do well with high-intensity exercise.

"The European Doberman tends to be more energetic than the American variety, but both need up to 2 hours of exercise per day," says Dr MacMillan. "These dogs were originally bred for work, so they need plenty of physical activity to keep them happy. The exact amount will depend on age and health status."

Because the European and American Dobermans are considered the fifth smartest dog breed, you'll want to ensure you exercise both their bodies and their minds. Consider investing in a few of the best dog puzzle toys or playing some brain games for dogs with your fur friend, as this will prevent them from becoming bored and destructive.

Grooming: European Doberman vs American Doberman

If you're on the hunt for a low-maintenance fur friend whose coat doesn't require a lot of attention, then both the American and European Doberman tick this box nicely.

"Both types of Dobermans have sleek, short coats that are easy to care for," confirms Dr MacMillan. "Brushing them once or twice a week should be enough to keep things looking good. As with all dogs, daily teeth brushing is recommended and nail trims as required."

Regular brushing of short-haired breeds with one of the best dog brushes may not seem as essential as with longer-haired breeds, but it's a good way to remove dead hair and minimize shedding. Plus, if you're looking for ways to bond with your dog, regular grooming sessions can be a wonderful opportunity to strengthen your connection.

Health: European Doberman vs American Doberman

For many of us, how healthy a breed is something that plays an important role in deciding which fur friend to welcome into our family. Here's what Dr. MacMillan has to say about the potential health issues faced by these two breeds:

"American and European Dobermans suffer from similar health problems due to their shared heritage. Both varieties are prone to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a condition that causes the heart muscle to become floppy and enlarged. This can lead to arrhythmia and cardiac failure.

“Von Willebrand's disease is an inherited blood clotting disorder that commonly affects both types of Dobermans. They are also susceptible to gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), a condition that causes the stomach to bloat and twist on itself. Large, deep-chested breeds like the Doberman are at an increased risk of GDV.

“As with many pedigree breeds, both the European and American Dobermans can suffer from inherited eye conditions like progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and hip dysplasia. A reputable breeder should carry out all the recommended health screens to ensure they are only mating healthy individuals, thereby increasing the chances of healthy puppies.

“There are not really any studies comparing the differences between the two breeds. It is thought that European Dobermans will be less likely to develop some of these inherited issues due to the wider gene pool available, but this has not been definitively proven."

Owner suitability: European Doberman vs American Doberman

Often, one of the hardest parts about adopting a dog is trying to decide which breed to choose! Taking into account things like what sort of temperament a breed is typically predisposed to having, as well as the kind of lifestyle you have, can help you ensure you find a fur friend who's a good fit.

"If you are looking for a family pet, then I would choose the American Doberman out of the two breeds," Dr MacMillan advises. "This dog is smaller, more affectionate, and calmer than its European counterpart. It would be more suitable for a novice owner, too, as it is easier to train. These dogs are better at reading human emotions and enjoy staying by your side.

“The European Doberman requires an experienced handler who can appropriately train this large, muscular dog. This variety would also be well suited for guard dog duties due to its more protective and assertive nature. Owners also rate the European Doberman as being much more high-energy than the American type, so they will need a household with an active lifestyle that can challenge them physically and mentally."

Read next: Cocker Spaniel vs Springer Spaniel.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Bred as a working dog to assist fishermen in north-east Canada, Newfoundlands have proven valuable in many other aspects of life. They’ve been put to work as water rescue dogs and have also been used as therapy dogs. They’re rather adept at drafting (pulling a cart) too, given their strength.

But will the many positive qualities of one of the largest dog breeds in the world work for you? In this guide, compiled with the assistance of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we take a look at a Newfoundland’s suitability as a sensible pet, noting both their positive points and limitations. In doing so, we examine how much time and effort you’ll need to put in and whether they’re good with families.

How big do Newfoundlands get?

Newfoundlands are a giant breed of dog so you will need to ensure you have plenty of room for them to move around your home (and, ideally, a large home).

“Females typically reach 26 inches and 100–120 lbs in weight,” Dr MacMillan says. “Males are usually larger, reaching an average height of 28 inches and 130–150 lbs.”

Do Newfoundlands need a lot of exercise?

Although Newfoundlands enjoy pulling carts and swimming, their daily needs are not excessive.

“These dogs have moderate exercise requirements and require around an hour of exercise each day, depending on their age and health,” says Dr MacMillan.

That said, their stamina means they can go on for longer and they can prove to be an ideal companion to take on a hike or a long walk. As mentioned, Newfoundlands are also among the dog breeds that excel at swimming so you’ll enjoy watching them power through water thanks to their muscular build, broad shoulders, thick cold-resistant coat and webbed paws.

Don’t leave this breed outdoors all day, though, especially so when the weather is warm because those coats will cause them to swelter. You also need to take care when exercising a Newfoundland puppy to ensure their joints and bones don’t become damaged.

Are Newfoundlands easy to train?

Most people underestimate them, but Newfoundlands show above-average intelligence. It’ll take between 15–25 repetitions for them to learn and understand a new command and they’ll obey a first command 70% of the time, according to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs.

“They are keen to learn and will pick up training relatively easily as long as you are consistent,” says Dr MacMillan. “But it is important to train your Newfie properly as no one wants a 140lb dog pulling them on the leash! Make sure you use a positive approach with plenty of treats and praise, as Newfies thrive on pleasing their owners.”

You may want to consider learning how to crate train a dog if you take on a Newfoundland. The breed is prone to separation anxiety because it forms a strong bond with human companions and a crate shows there can be a quiet, safe place for solitude.

Do Newfoundlands make good family pets?

As one of the most loyal dog breeds, Newfoundlands make great family dogs. They’re known to be calm and they very rarely show signs of aggression. In fact, these sweet-tempered nanny dogs won’t even bark unless they’re provoked, making them big softies at heart. It’s why they work well as therapy dogs and why they’re consider one of the best dogs for introverts. If you have children, you’ll likely have very few issues.

“These gentle giants are affectionate and love human company,” affirms Dr MacMillan. “With the right early socialization, these dogs will be great with children, but they may accidentally knock very little ones over due to their size. As with any dog breed, they should always be supervised around minors.”

If a Newfoundland does have behavioral problems, it’s going to be most likely due to them being poorly socialized and understimulated.

Do Newfoundlands need a lot of grooming?

The main problem with a Newfoundland is that they are among the biggest droolers so you will need to have a towel handy. You’re also going to have to give their heavy coat a regular brush otherwise you run the risk of their hair becoming matted. If you don’t keep on top of the hair, you’re going to have to get even more active with the best vacuum cleaners than you otherwise would.

“This breed will shed a lot so prepare for plenty of hair and slobber in your home,” says Dr MacMillan. “Newfoundlands have a thick double coat that sheds all year round and it needs regular brushing to keep tangles and mats at bay. Two or three times a week should be enough most of the time, but they could need daily brushing during heavy shedding periods.”

Common health problems in Newfoundlands

Newfoundland are a generally healthy breed but they are prone to the certain health conditions. These include gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV).

“This is where the stomach bloats and twists on itself,” Dr MacMillan says. “GDV is an emergency and needs immediate veterinary attention otherwise it could be fatal.”

As we’ve noted, giant breeds with thick coats don’t do well in warm weather either.

“They are more susceptible to heatstroke so I always urge owners to be very careful when exercising these dogs in warm weather,” Dr MacMillan adds.

What’s more, this breed is also prone to a congenital heart issue called subaortic stenosis, as well as dilated cardiomyopathy.

“Both conditions can cause a heart murmur, exercise intolerance, and collapse,” she says.

And Newfies frequently suffer from ectropion, a condition that causes the eyelids to roll outwards.

“This breed has characteristically droopy eyes, which can cause the eyelids to sag away from the eyeball,” Dr MacMillan continues. “This can lead to issues like dry eyes and bacterial infection.”

Should I get a Newfoundland?

If you have sufficient room for such a large breed and you’re after a dog that is loyal and gets on extremely well with children then, yes, definitely consider a Newfoundland.

This is a breed that can accompany you on many adventures and shower you with love and affection. You’ll also find Newfoundlands to be protective and that, accompanied by their large size, can be an asset if you’re looking for a dog that can also look out for the interests of your family and property.

Of course, if you want a more active, agile dog or if the sight of excessive drool and hair all over the furnishing brings you out into a cold sweat, steer clear.

Read next: More facts about Newfoundlands

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When you think of the Bichon Frise vs Maltese, it's easy to mix these two breeds up. If so, you're not alone! While the Maltese is the smaller of the two, when both dogs have their coats clipped short, it can be hard to tell them apart.

The Bichon Frise tends to be the more peppy and lively of these breeds, but both enjoy playing fetch with the best dog toys and participating in puzzle games that give their brains a good workout.

While both are affectionate and devoted, the Maltese is the more cuddly and snuggly of the two, and they're also deeply in tune with their human's emotions, so they make a great emotional support dog breed.

Below, expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan shares more about the similarities and differences between these two breeds, including how easy they are to train, what they require in terms of grooming, and a few common health issues you'll want to be aware of.

Size: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

Both the Bichon Frise and the Maltese are toy dog breeds, so you won't need to worry about creating a ton of space in your home for these petite pups!

The Bichon Frise is the larger of the two, measuring between 9.5–11.5 inches in height. They're quite a bit heavier than the Maltese as well, with most Bichon Frise weighing somewhere in the vicinity of 12–18 pounds.

Maltese dogs are tiny, both in height and weight. They stand at just seven to nine inches in height and weigh less than seven pounds.

Appearance: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

While they're both white and fluffy, the coats of the Bichon Frise and the Maltese are actually quite different.

The Bichon Frise looks like a giant cotton ball when its coat is left unclipped, and its fur is curly and plush. They have round heads, soft and droopy ears, large, dark eyes, and their lips and nose are both black.

In contrast, the Maltese typically has a straighter coat that's silkier to the touch, and when left unclipped, it will often touch the floor. Their drooped ears are heavily feathered, and they have a plumed tail that curls over their back.

Trainability: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

Planning on training your dog on your own rather than hiring a professional? If so, you may be curious about how these two dogs compare when it comes to intelligence. Here's what Dr MacMillan has to say:

"The Maltese is classed as below-average for canine intelligence, whereas the Bichon Frise is considered average. However, these ratings don’t account for emotional intelligence," she explains.

"While the Bichon may be smarter on paper, and more eager to learn tricks, Maltese are excellent companion dogs. They are very in tune with their owners. This loyal and eager-to-please nature means they are still very trainable despite their lower IQ."

Dr MacMillan says that it's important to use positive reinforcement training for both breeds and to find what sort of reward works best for your dog. Some pups like treats, others prefer praise, and then there are those that see a play session or quality time with their owner as the reward.

Exercise: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

If you're looking for a dog you can go running with or one who'll love hitting the trails with you for a long hike, you'll want to steer clear of both the Bichon Frise and the Maltese as neither is built for these sorts of endurance activities. However, if what you're after is a pup you can enjoy a leisurely stroll around your neighborhood with, both will tick that box nicely.

"Depending on their age and health status, both the Bichon Frise and the Maltese usually require 30–60 minutes of exercise each day," says Dr MacMillan. "The Bichon is often the more active of the two, though. Due to their smaller size, the Maltese may need shorter walks and more gentle play than the Bichon."

Both breeds have a playful side, so investing in a few of the best dog puzzle toys or playing games with them can be a great way to provide them with some mental and physical stimulation, and interactive play sessions are a wonderful way to deepen the bond you share with your dog, too.

Grooming: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

Whip out the best dog brush and set aside some time in your diary each day because both the Maltese and the Bichon Frise are high maintenance on the grooming front.

"Bichons have a curly, low-shedding double coat, which requires professional grooming every 4–6 weeks," Dr MacMillan explains. "There are a variety of different haircuts to choose from, so you will need to decide which suits your pup and their lifestyle best."

While the Maltese have a silkier and wavier coat, they also need regular trips to the groomer.

"Some owners choose to have their fur clipped short, which makes them easier to care for at home," says Dr MacMillan. "They will then only need to be brushed once or twice a week with their short coat. If a longer coat is preferred, then your Maltese will need daily brushing to prevent tangles. A trip to the groomer every 6 weeks or so is still recommended for a trim to neaten things up."

Dr MacMillan adds that both breeds are prone to matted and tangled fur, so their coats must be well-maintained.

"Both dogs also have characteristic pure white fur, which can be a challenge to maintain. Regular baths with dog-whitening shampoo products can help," she says.

Health: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

When it comes to their health, we have good news for you – both the Bichon Frise and the Maltese are generally healthy and have good life expectancies.

"Most of the conditions that they are prone to are common in many small breeds of dogs," Dr. MacMillan says. "This includes luxating patella, a condition where one or both kneecaps slide out of place. Depending on the severity, this can cause limping, pain, and early-onset osteoarthritis.

“Some dogs will require surgery to stabilize their knee joint. The Bichon Frise is more prone than the Maltese to another joint issue called hip dysplasia. This developmental abnormality of the hip joint can cause mobility issues."

You'll also want to keep an eye on your pup's teeth and gums as dental disease is very common in both breeds.

"Excessive tartar build-up, gum inflammation, and tooth loosening can be a real issue in many small dogs," confirms Dr MacMillan. "Daily teeth brushing from an early age is recommended."

Check out these vet-recommended toothbrushes for dogs and our guide to the best dog toothpaste to help keep your pup's pearly whites in tip-top condition.

Finally, Dr MacMillan says that the smaller size of the Maltese means that this dog is more at risk of hypoglycemia, especially as a puppy.

"This occurs when levels of blood sugar become dangerously low, causing lethargy, seizures, and loss of consciousness."

Owner suitability: Bichon Frise vs Maltese

Now that you know a little bit more about the Bichon Frise and the Maltese, you may be wondering which one is the best fit for you and your family. Here's what Dr MacMillan has to say:

"Both dogs are moderately active, so don’t expect a jogging companion! They are versatile little dogs, so they will both be just as happy in the town or the countryside. The Bichon Frise is the more active of the two, so owners should bear their lifestyle in mind when making their choice.

The Maltese would make a better lap dog and companion, whereas the Bichon might be a better family dog choice. Bichons are also considered more hypoallergenic than Maltese, due to their coat type, but remember all dogs have the potential to trigger reactions in sensitive allergy sufferers."

Adopting a dog is a big decision, but you'll find that choosing a breed that's a good fit for your lifestyle goes a long way in ensuring your new friendship gets off on the right paw.

Read next: Bichon Frise facts

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

You’re sure to recognise a collie – the supposed all-American family dog that became popular thanks to the book, film and TV character Lassie. But this dog – actually bred for herding sheep in Scotland and Northern England – is only one type: a full-coated rough collie. The other – the smooth collie – looks very different because it has a much shorter coat. Yet both are utterly adorable.

As you’ll discover in his guide, both types of collies display very similar temperaments and both are hugely intelligent, responsive and affectionate. Neither are anywhere near as popular as they once were – even though Lassie continues to have principal on-screen roles – but, as expert vet Dr Lisa Coder helps to explain, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take one to your heart.

Do collies need a lot of exercise?

Collies have bags of energy so they need to be walked and played with each day to ensure they’re sufficiently stimulated both physically and mentally.

“As generally active dogs, they require a moderate and consistent amount of exercise for optimal health,” says Dr Coder. It’s suggested that you take them outside for at least an hour daily.

If they’re not exercised well, they can become bored and they’ll begin to display destructive behaviors such as chewing, digging or chasing. To that end, you should explore games such as fetch, something that is also great for bonding. It’s also worth exploring ways to build more fun into your dog’s routine but don’t worry – when they’ve had enough exercise, they can become something of a couch potato so it’s not all go, go, go.

Are collies easy to train?

These smart dogs must be trained.

“Early socialization is important, as is life-long learning,” Dr Coder says. Thankfully, given how clever they are – they rank 16th in canine psychologist Stanley Coren’s book The Intelligence of Dogs, which ranks the smartest dog breeds – they’re very quick to learn. They’ll be able to understand new commands with fewer than 15 repetitions and obey the first command at least 85% of the time.

“Collies are usually easy to train because they love learning new things often and they’re eager to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder adds. Indeed, collies are so trainable, they can excel in agility and obedience competitions but the trick is to be consistent and to use positive reinforcement techniques.

Crucially, the more stimulating your training sessions are, the better you’ll find this breed responds.

“If collies become bored, they may start barking or creating mischief to entertain themselves,” Dr Coder continues. So mix up your training regime and even seek to vary the places where you train this breed (being careful when letting these curious canines off-leash). You may also want to try some great brain games for dogs.

Do collies make good family pets?

You’re not going to have too many problems with a collie. The main issue you may face is separation anxiety and occasional nipping when they’re excited, which is something you can work in training. But in general they are well-behaved, level-headed dogs who bond quickly and fit into family life exceedingly well.

“Collies are loyal, affectionate, and intelligent, and they enjoy spending time with their families,” says Dr Coder. “They are also known for loving children and getting along with most other pets and people, which makes them excellent family pets.”

Such is their gentle nature, patience, intelligence and trainability, collies have long been considered wonderful therapy dogs.

“They are sensitive in nature, and often can predict the emotions of their owners,” Dr Coder adds. They’re also protective of their families so they can be useful watchdogs too.

Why are rough collies not popular?

This is a commonly asked question and it relates to reports that the breed is at risk of extinction. According to The Kennel Club in the UK, the breed has suffered a “steep decline” in popularity and they’re now counted in record low numbers.

In 1979, there were more than 8,000 annual rough collie registrations in the UK but in 2022 that had fallen to 500. Bill Lambert, a spokesperson for The Kennel Club, said it was likely due to the breed requiring a lot of grooming and plenty of space.

Does that mean smooth collies are more popular?

Actually, no. If anything, smooth collies are suffering even more. Figures from The Kennel Club show the number of smooth collie registrations is in double-digits and there were as few as 29 registrations in 2024. It means the smooth collie is on an “at watch” list.

Do collies need a lot of grooming?

It’s true to say that rough collies require more work than a smooth collie.

“Rough collies have a long, luxurious coat that requires regular bushing and grooming,” Dr Coder says. “Rough collies will also lose their undercoat approximately twice per year and require extra brushing or deshedding at these times.”

Yet the same shedding occurs in the shorter coated smooth collies.

“Coat care is not different between the types, as both require regular baths and brushing,” she adds.

Even so, the amount of grooming needed isn’t hugely excessive. A few brushes each week when their peak-shedding is more than enough and you could always pick up one of the best vacuum cleaners for pet hair to deal with the shedding.

Collie health problems

Collies have a few health conditions owners should be aware of.

“Collie Eye Anomaly is an inherited developmental disorder that affects multiple parts of the eyes and usually results in blindness,” Dr Coder says. “Reputable breeders genetically screen dogs prior to breeding to ensure their dogs do not carry the gene responsible for Collie Eye Anomaly.”

Like many other purebred dogs, collies can also be pre-disposed to Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA).

“This can cause the retina to lose function over time and may lead to blindness,” Dr Coder explains.

Some collies also suffer from Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR-1), a genetic disorder that can affect the way dogs process certain drugs.

“There is a genetic test for this gene mutation, the results of which should be shared with the family vetn as they may adjust doses or avoid certain medications altogether,” Dr Coder says.

Finally, dermatomyositis is an uncommon skin disease that results in hair loss, skin crusting, redness, and scaling.

“It is usually seen at or before six months of age,” Dr Coder adds.

Should I get a collie?

Collies need space, indoor and out. They also require a good amount of grooming and you will need to spend time keeping them active each day. But because they’re intelligent, easily trained and wonderful family pets, the pros tend to outweigh the cons. You can have so much fun with a collie and, since they’re very affectionate, you can’t help but feel loved by them.

Read next: Border Collie breed profile or Border Collie vs collie or Shetland Sheepdog vs collie

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever – or Chessie to those in the know – hails from the USA, developed in the Chesapeake Bay area in the 19th century. They’re closely related to Labrador Retrievers, with Newfoundland blood added to make them the ultimate waterfowl retrievers.

They’re famed for their oily, curly waterproof coat, which originally gave them protection when swimming in the icy waters of the Atlantic. Their coat is also unique among retriever breeds for its colour – a chocolate-brown, sedge colour that was ideal for camouflage when being used as a gundog.

These intelligent American dogs have a bright and happy disposition with an affectionate nature, which has led to their rise in popularity as a family companion. Their devoted nature can, however, lead to some protective tendencies and they can often be strong-willed, so it’s important they’re trained and socialized properly from an early age.

Lets take a closer look at these super-smart, hardworking water dogs, with expert advice from Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers good family dogs?

Although Chessies look similar to Labradors, they are more emotionally complex than most other retriever breeds. They have strong personalities, so they thrive in an active home with a confident owner they can look up to.

If they have been trained and socialized correctly from a young age, they are loyal and devoted family members.

“Like many retriever breeds, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever can make a great family pet,” agrees Dr MacMillan. “These dogs are patient, loyal and affectionate, as long as they have received the right positive socialization and training.”

Are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers hypoallergenic?

No, Chessies aren’t a hypoallergenic dog breed. Their short coat is made up of two layers – a short, soft undercoat and a wiry outer coat. They do shed, but a weekly brush should help keep excess dead hair to a minimum.

They shouldn’t be washed too regularly, as soaps and shampoos can break down the oils that protect their coat.

Are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers aggressive?

“These dogs are not known for aggression, but they can be aloof with strangers,” explains Dr MacMillan. This aloof, protective nature can sometimes be misunderstood as aggression by those without knowledge of the breed.

“Early socialization is important to ensure they are adaptable to new people and situations,” adds Dr MacMillan.

Chesapeake Bay Retrievers can be wary and stand-offish with other dogs, and these traits can manifest themselves as combative or dominant behaviour if this early training is not carried out correctly.

Training classes with instructors who have specific experience with Chessies are a good way to help prevent any undesirable behaviour.

Are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers good guard dogs?

Chessies make excellent watchdogs; they bark when necessary and can be highly protective of their property.

“They are protective of their families and home, which may give rise to guarding tendencies,” confirms Dr MacMillan.

Are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers easy to train?

Early obedience training is a real necessity with Chesapeake Bay Retrievers. This will help ensure they develop into a well-mannered companion.

“Chesapeake Bay Retrievers are intelligent and trainable, but they can be stubborn compared to other retriever breeds,” explains Dr MacMillan. “They will require a consistent, positive and patient approach from their owner.”

This super-smart breed is quick to learn, and they really benefit from short, regular training sessions alongside playtime to get the best out of them. They require a confident owner who will act as a leader for them to look up to, as they can be strong-willed and independent if their needs aren’t met.

Chesapeake Bay Retriever common health problems

As with Labrador Retrievers, hip dysplasia is a common condition in Chesapeake Bay Retrievers.

“This inherited condition affects the development of the hip joint, leading to joint pain, mobility issues and early-onset arthritis,” says Dr MacMillan.

She advises that reputable breeders should screen their dogs for this condition before mating them, so it’s worth asking your breeder if these checks have been done before you purchase a puppy.

Like other pedigree breeds, inherited eye complaints are another concern to think about, including progressive retinal atrophy, which can cause loss of vision.

And due to their large, deep-chested conformation, the breed is also at an increased risk of gastric dilation volvulus (GDV), sometimes known as “bloat”.

“In this condition, the stomach bloats and twists on itself,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This is an emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention.”

Chesapeake Bay Retrievers also appear to be prone to hypothyroidism. Dr MacMillan says: “Hypothyroid dogs produce too little thyroid hormone, leading to weight gain, skin and coat changes, and lethargy.”

Should I buy a Chesapeake Bay Retriever?

This all-American retriever is not for the faint of heart (and not a good breed for a novice owner), but put the effort in and you will be rewarded with a loyal, affectionate and tireless family member. They need an owner they can look up to and a lifestyle that will keep them busy – once their brain and body has been exercised, they are a devoted companion and a mellow housedog.

They thrive in environments where they can run, swim and play, and they benefit from a structure and routine. They can show dominant and destructive behaviours if their needs aren’t met, but early, consistent training and socialization can mean a loyal and protective dog with energy and love in abundance.

If you think a Chesapeake Bay Retriever could be the right fit for your family, why not look up your local breed association and arrange to meet some dogs and their owners? You’ll be able to get a feel for the breed and ask those in the know any questions you might have before taking the plunge.

Read next: Golden retriever breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Bred to assist fishermen, Portuguese Water dogs quickly proved super-helpful when herding fish into nets. Capable of retrieving fish, nets and tackle and with a great desire to work, this breed has also proven useful for fetching waterfowl on hunts. But that means they will also make for a great pet?

President Barack Obama owned a Portuguese Water dog, Bo, who proved to be one of the most loved presidential dogs, so this is surely a good sign.

But to answer that question in more detail, we enlisted the assistance of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan and assessed how much time and effort you will need to put into training and exercising this breed in a domestic setting. We also looked at whether or not this breed gets on well with families and the extent to which you’ll need to take care of their coat.

Do Portuguese Water dogs need a lot of exercise?

Portuguese Water dogs will definitely suit an adventurous owner because, quite aside from being among the most playful dog breeds, they’re one of the best outdoor dogs. Thing is, are you going to be able to keep pace with them and do you have the time?

“These are active dogs that need between one and two hours of good physical activity each day depending on their age and health status,” says Dr MacMillan. “This can include walking, running, and… swimming!”

As the name suggests, this is a dog breed that adores water and if they see a lake or a river, then they’ll almost plead to be allowed to splash about.

“The Portuguese Water dog is designed for water and most of them are natural swimmers,” Dr MacMillan says.

“They were originally bred by fishermen to go in the water and help bring in fishing nets and other bits of equipment. Their body is perfectly designed for this with a strong rudder-like tail, webbed feet, and a muscular build. Their coat is single-layered and said to be resistant to holding water, meaning that they can maintain buoyancy with ease.”

If you don’t fancy taking the plunge with them, don’t worry. You’ll have as much fun with this breed on dry land given it’s one of the best dogs for hiking. They can keep going for as many as 10 miles and they’ll keep pace if you decide to go for a jog too. And since they have a low prey drive, you won’t necessarily need to worry about them suddenly darting away to chase after a small animal.

Are Portuguese Water dogs easy to train?

Portuguese Water dogs are eager to please and therefore very trainable.

“They’re highly intelligent, which can make training straightforward,” Dr MacMillan says.

This breed is also super adaptable so long as it gets sufficient exercise each day. The main thing to watch out for is the breed’s tendency to think independently which can pose a challenge from time to time but early training using positive reinforcement techniques can help enormously.

“It’s important to provide plenty of mental stimulation for this clever breed, through training sessions and other activities, to keep boredom at bay,” Dr MacMillan affirms. Give them jobs to do, teach them some tricks and engage them in playful activities to keep them happy.

Do Portuguese Water dogs make good family pets?

One of the world’s most famous families – that of former US President Barak Obama – welcomed two Portuguese Water dogs into their home and they lived alongside Obama’s children with no reported issues at all.

With this breed, however, pretty much everything comes down to sufficiently burning off their excess energy and ensuring their mind is kept ticking over.

“The Portuguese Water dog can make a brilliant family dog provided they are receiving enough exercise and mental stimulation,” Dr MacMillan says. “A bored or under-exercised dog is more likely to have behavioural and training issues.:

With the right approach and care, you’ll find this breed is affectionate, gentle and self-controlled.

“These dogs are loving, gentle and good with children, if they have been appropriately socialised,” Dr MacMillan adds. They will, however, rub along better if the household enjoys exercising.

Do Portuguese Water dogs need a lot of grooming?

The good news is that Portuguese Water dogs are a hypoallergenic dog breed and that’s because they have single-coats that hardly shed. The bad news is that you still have to tend to them and grooming can be extensive to prevent mats and tangles from occurring.

“Portuguese Water dogs can have a curly coat or a wavy coat and there are two main styles that they are classically kept in,” Dr MacMillan says. “They can have the retriever cut where the coat is trimmed to a single length all over, or they can have the lion cut where the fur is long at the front of the body and shaved short at the back. Either way, this will mean regular trips to the groomer!”

To make life easier, you should opt for the retriever clip.

“It’s easier to manage at home with brushing just a couple of times a week, whereas the lion clip will need daily brushing to keep it in good condition,” says Dr MacMillan. Other than that, bath this breed occasionally and take care of their teeth and nails.

Common health problems in Portuguese Water dogs

Portuguese Water dogs are prone to the same conditions that plague many pedigree dogs. This includes both elbow and hip dysplasia.

“These inherited developmental joint issues can cause pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of arthritis in affected dogs,” Dr MacMillan says.

These dogs also suffer from inherited eye disorders such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. And they are prone to another genetic condition called GM1 Gangliosidosis.

“It causes an alteration in cell metabolism which can lead to severe neurological issues,” Dr MacMillan says. “Unfortunately, there is no treatment, and euthanasia is advised in affected puppies with a deteriorating quality of life. Purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder who has performed screens for these conditions is essential.”

As if that wasn’t enough, this breed also seems very prone to Addison’s disease, which is a hormonal issue where the body doesn’t produce enough cortisol or aldosterone.

“Without these hormones, many processes in the body can start to go wrong,” Dr MacMillan says. “Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, collapse, and even death.”

Should I get a Portuguese Water dog?

Much depends on your own lifestyle. If you love being outdoors or if you have a family that is very active, then this breed will suit you down to the ground (or lake!).

If you suffer from allergies and want a dog that won’t leave hairs all over your home, again, this is the breed for you. But it’s no lapdog and while this breed is capable of relaxing, you’ll find they tend to be best for people who have the time to play and go on adventures.

Read next: 32 facts about Portuguese Water dogs

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

With bags of energy, affectionate personalities and intelligence to boot, spaniel breeds make for excellent family dogs in active households. But what makes a spaniel a spaniel, and what’s the difference between all the types of spaniel?

What is a spaniel?

Bred to hunt, spaniels have a natural inclination for work making them smart, loyal and energetic. This popular type of dog is not only a hard worker, but often a beloved family member too, cherished for their one-of-a-kind character and affection.

Their precise origins aren't known. Some think they may have come from Spain, others think Asia is a more plausible destination. Either way, scholars can agree that the history of the breed goes as far back as at least the 14th century.

Spaniels were bred first and foremost for flushing game, but each specific type of spaniel has been bred with specific traits in mind. While spaniels come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, they broadly share the same baseline traits of affection, intelligence and boundless energy. Keen to learn which is the right spaniel for you? Read on…

A–Z of spaniel breeds

1. American Water Spaniel

Hailing from the lake country of the upper midwest, you better believe this dog likes to swim! Muscular and midsize, the American Water Spaniel is a cheerful, athletic dog breed that loves nothing better than being outside with their pack. Your American Water Spaniel might keep their distance with strangers and could be a little stubborn.

2. Boykin Spaniel

Bred for hunting wild turkeys and ducks in the Wateree River Swamp of South Carolina, the Boykin Spaniel is a lively, sturdy dog who is a joy to train. Inside the house, as long as he or she has been well exercised, they are mellow and loving. Also, just try saying no to those puppy dog eyes. Impossible.

3. Brittany

A French breed sometimes called the Breton spaniel, the Brittany is upbeat, smart and eager to please. As spaniels go, these ones need a lot of exercise. Which is to say, only consider a Brittany if you’re seriously active and game for bringing your dog along on your adventures.

They stand out from the standard spaniel crowd thanks to their longer legs, plus their stunning characteristic orange and liver coat.

4. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Irresistibly sweet, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a British breed of toy spaniel. With their big, round eyes and silky coat, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a serious looker and it's little wonder they've proved popular with English royalty for centuries. While they have sporting prowess from their spaniel roots, they are less lively than some of their peers.

5. Clumber Spaniel

The heaviest of the spaniel breeds, the Clumber Spaniel was originally bred to flush game from heavy cover. These robust dogs are powerful, with a heavy, low lying body and large head. They are heavy shedders and prone to snoring! But they'll charm you nonetheless, with their funny disposition and affection.

6. Cocker Spaniel (American)

The famous Cocker Spaniel is one of the world's most beloved breeds and it's not hard to see why. With their sunny personalities and pretty looks, these solid little dogs are the perfect size too. They’re plenty big enough to keep up with your outdoors without taking up loads of space. Plus, those lush ears you can't help but stroke – gorgeous!

7. English Cocker Spaniel

With their handsome looks, merry personality and sporting prowess, the English Cocker Spaniel is popular for good reason. Widely considered a well balanced dog, English Cocker Spaniels make for excellent family pets.

8. English Springer Spaniel

The perfect blend of hardworking and affable family members, the English Springer Spaniel is a joy of a dog. These hardy dogs love a job, but they're great family dogs too and enjoy being involved in family activities with the whole pack.

9. English Toy Spaniel

They might have been developed to become royal companions, but the English Toy Spaniel (also known as the King Charles Spaniel) is not just a lapdog. While they rarely weigh over 14 pounds, these tiny spaniels still love to play.

They're characterised by their big domed head and prominent cheeks and while they can be discerning in who they keep as friends, if you're in the inner circle, they're highly affectionate.

10. Field spaniel

If you're after a spaniel who loves to be trained and has the intelligence to excel, look no further than the field spaniel. A relatively rare dog breed, this type of spaniel is unusually docile as spaniels go.

11. Irish Water Spaniel

With their distinctive curled coat and dramatic tapered tail, you could hardly mistake an Irish Water Spaniel for anything else. And while they might look high maintenance, they're happiest when putting in a day's work in the field or out swimming, which they do beautifully and powerfully.

12. Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

Dating back to the 16th century, the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje is often spotted in paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Today the breed is energetic, agile and good natured. They've got oodles of stamina and love to spend a good day out working, which they do with an upbeat disposition.

13. Papillon

Also called the Continental Toy Spaniel, the papillon is one of the oldest of the toy spaniels that gets its pretty name from their butterfly-like face silhouette, thanks to their long, fringed ears.

If you're looking for cuddly dog breed, you've found it in the papillon. Yet despite their proclivity for a snuggle and sweet appearance, papillons are made of tough stuff and respond brilliantly to training.

14. Sussex Spaniel

Native to Sussex in England, this low lying, compact spaniel might be a little more slow-paced than some of its peers, but their clownish personality is utterly endearing. They're slow and steady hunters whose funny frowning face is hilarious and not reflective of their playful, affable nature.

15. Welsh Springer Spaniel

Bred for hunting, Welsh Springer Spaniel are built with their job in mind thanks to their waterproof, thornproof coat that allows them to work effectively across punishing terrains. One of Britain's oldest sporting breeds, the Welsh Springer Spaniel is an excellent athlete who goes about their job with a happy, upbeat nature. The perfect companion at home or work!

Read next: Types of retriever and types of setters

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Border Terriers get their name from the area in which they originated – the borders of Northumberland (in England) and Scotland in the UK, as was the Border Collie. They were bred to be working dogs, famously used alongside foxhounds by the Border Hunt in Northumberland. Nowadays, Border Terriers are popular family dogs, and their small stature and affectionate nature mean they’ve adapted well to life in towns and cities as well as in the countryside.

They’re easily recognisable from other terriers by their unique, “otter-shaped” head and their wiry coats are easy to look after. However, they do love exploring outside – particularly if it involves digging – and they’re often energetic with a high prey drive thanks to their hunting heritage.

So what should you consider before adding a Border Terrier to your family? Read on to find out more about this plucky breed, with expert advice from vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Are Border Terriers hypoallergenic?

Many potential dog owners seek breeds that are hypoallergenic, which means they’re more suitable for people who suffer from dog allergies. Hypoallergenic dogs often shed less and produce less dander, which are common irritants to allergy-sufferers.

Dr MacMillan explains, “No dog breed is truly allergen-free, but the Border Terrier is lower-shedding than many other breeds.”

Although this makes the breed a fairly popular option for allergy-sufferers, Dr MacMillan warns, “Their double coat has fluffier hairs under their wiry top layer, which may still trigger sensitive allergy sufferers.”

Are Border Terriers good with kids?

Although Border Terriers are often energetic, they are known for being even-tempered and easy-going, making them a good choice for families with children – as long as they’re given the exercise and training they require.

Dr MacMillan confirms, “With the right early socialisation and training, Border Terriers can make great family pets. However, they are energetic and enjoy rough play, so they may not be ideal for very young children.”

Are Border Terriers easy to train?

Border Terriers are highly intelligent and very biddable in nature, which makes them one of the easier terrier breeds to train.

“Border Terriers are smart and eager to please,” agrees Dr MacMillan, “but their high energy levels can affect their concentration sometimes.”

Their hunting instincts can prove problematic to some owners if they don’t keep on top of training. Dr MacMillan advises: “Make sure your dog is receiving enough daily exercise, and keep training sessions short and positive to keep them engaged.”

Positive, reward-based training leads to a happy Border Terrier, and early socialization will help encourage a confident, relaxed pet.

Are Border Terriers good with cats?

While lots of owners report their Border Terriers getting on well with cats, early socialization is key to compatibility. And for some Border Terriers, their strong hunting instincts mean they may well be inclined to chase cats and other small pets, which would make them a less natural match than some of other cat-friendly dog breeds.

“Like many terriers, this dog has a high prey drive and may not be great around cats. Border Terriers are inclined to chase and bark at cats and other small furries,” explains Dr MacMillan. “There are always exceptions, however, and early positive introductions and socializations between your puppy and feline friend may help to prevent this,” she adds.

Are Border Terriers affectionate?

Border Terriers may be small, but they have big personalities. They love being part of a family and are very affectionate because of this. They’re happiest when they’re being included in all aspects of family life – whether that’s snuggled up on the sofa or exploring the great outdoors.

However, if their exercise needs aren’t met, they can become bored and destructive in the home, so ensure they get plenty of walks and lots of playtime.

Border Terrier common health problems

As with many pedigree dogs, Border Terriers are prone to certain health complaints, including hereditary joint disorders such as hip dysplasia and luxating patella.

“Shaking puppy syndrome” – or spongiform leucoencephalomyelopathy (SLEM) – is a hereditary neurological disease that can affect Border Terriers.

“This affects puppies from a very young age,” explains Dr MacMillan. “As affected puppies start to walk, they show uncontrollable shaking of their hind limbs, which will go on to affect the entire body.

“Breeders can help guard against this by performing DNA testing on their dogs before mating them,” she adds, so make sure to ask your breeder what health and DNA testing they’ve had done on the parents before you purchase a puppy.

Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS) is another disease that can be seen in some pedigree Border Terriers. It causes symptoms such as “tremors, muscle spasms, and seizures”, says Dr MacMillan.

“This condition is also known as ‘Spike’s disease’ and it usually starts at around two to six years of age. Surveys in the UK, Germany, and the USA suggest that five to 15% of Border Terriers are affected. More research is needed into this condition, and there is currently no genetic testing available.”

Should I buy a Border Terrier?

If you’re after an energetic, playful and affectionate dog, a Border Terrier could be a great fit for you. They form strong bonds with their families and are known for being great with children, and they respond well to positive, reward-based training.

While they were initially bred as hunting dogs, they adapt well to life in towns and cities, provided they get enough exercise and mental stimulation. That said, they can have a high prey drive and be tempted to chase or bark at other small animals, so early training and socialization is key to an obedient and happy dog.

Border Terriers can be a good choice for a first-time owner thanks to their easy-going, intelligent nature, as long as you’re able to commit enough time to their training and exercise needs.

Read next: British dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

What's the difference between an Italian Greyhound and a whippet? With their long, elegant legs and large, soulful eyes, these beautiful breeds look much alike and are often mistaken for one another.

Both of these dogs have a sweet and gentle nature and are very loving and affectionate toward their owners. While the Italian Greyhound tends to be sensitive and needy, whippets are more independent but still extremely loyal and sociable.

When it comes to running, these sighthounds are lightning fast and have lively personalities that make them great for people with busy, active lifestyles. However, it might come as a surprise that these dogs are also big fans of naps and don't need as much exercise as you might think.

While it's true that these breeds share a lot in common, there are a few key differences that set them apart, like their size, coat, and exercise needs, which we've explained below with the help of expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey.

Appearance: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

Italian Greyhounds are the smaller breed of the two, measuring 13–15 inches in height and weighing 7–14 pounds. In comparison, Whippets stand 18–22 inches tall and weigh between 25–40 pounds.

These hounds come in a variety of colors, including black, blue, fawn, white, red, brindle, and parti-color, but whippets are more likely to have patterns or markings.

Both breeds have short, smooth coats, but Italian Greyhounds usually have a finer and silkier coat. In terms of physique, the whippet has long, strong legs and a more muscular build, while the Italian Greyhound is more delicate and slender.

Intelligence and trainability: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

If you're looking for a dog breed that's easy to train, the Italian Greyhound and whippet might not be for you. While training them isn't impossible – or particularly challenging – they're fairly average in terms of intelligence.

Dr Godfrey says: "That’s not to say they’re impossible to train, though. In my experience, both dogs can be quite attached and reliant on their owners, meaning they can be eager to please. This trait is always helpful when it comes to training, as they’re motivated to make you happy. If I had to choose which is more trainable out of the two breeds, I’d say that whippets have the edge."

Exercise needs: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

With their long legs and lean physique, you might expect these breeds to need a lot of exercise, but that's not completely true. While these dogs do need plenty of physical stimulation and fresh air, they love curling up on the couch to relax.

Dr Godfrey says: "Compared to Italian Greyhounds, whippets probably do require a little more exercise, just because they’re bigger dogs. However, despite their appearances, whippets are often very happy to have some chill time and might not be as keen to run as you’d expect – they quite enjoy being couch potatoes."

Grooming: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

Since these breeds have short, sleek fur that doesn’t shed much, they’re pretty low-maintenance when it comes to grooming and don’t need to be brushed as often as others.

However, it’s worth bearing in mind that they’re prone to overgrown nails, so you’ll need to stay on top of clipping them or have a vet help you. It will be worth investing in the best dog nail clippers to make the job easier.

Dr Godfrey says: "Having had to clip a lot of nails belonging to sighthounds over the years, I’d strongly advise getting them used to having their feet touched and nails trimmed from a young age to make it easier!"

Health considerations: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

According to Dr Godfrey, these breeds are also both prone to eye conditions such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy, which causes blindness in dogs. They may also develop autoimmune diseases and luxating patella, an orthopedic condition where the kneecap easily slips out of its groove.

She adds: "Italian Greyhounds may be more likely to get Legg-Calve-Perthes disease [a disease affecting the hip joint], while whippets may be more prone to mitral valve disease, a condition causing heart failure in some smaller breeds."

Owner suitability: Italian Greyhound vs whippet

There are many reasons to love these breeds, but before you commit to bringing one home, it’s important to make sure they’re the right fit for your home and lifestyle.

If you live in a household where people are around most of the time – or the dog can accompany them on outings – these dogs are likely to thrive. Both the Italian Greyhound and the whippet love company and enjoy being close to their owners.

Dr Godfrey adds: "The Italian Greyhound, in particular, is a clingy Velcro breed, so if you’re looking for something slightly more independent, a whippet might be a better choice. Both are reasonably easy to train and good with new people and other dogs. However, like any dog, these breeds require supervision with young children."

Want to learn about other sighthounds? Read our breed profiles for the Irish Wolfhound and Rhodesian Ridgeback. For whippet content, check out our comparison, greyhound vs. whippet. Or, read about these other dog breed lookalikes

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Whether you want a buddy for long walks outside whatever the weather, a companion to watch TV with, or even just a creature to observe, there’s a pet for almost anyone – and some make great pets for autistic people.

“I’ve known many pets who have provided support and companionship and increased confidence and independence in neurodivergent people, just as service dogs are useful with people who require support with physical and mental health needs,” explains expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey.

But, how do you know if a pet is right for you? If you’re autistic or you have an autistic child, you might not know where to start. And, of course, everyone is different, so the ideal pet for you might not be the right pet for someone else.

To help you decide, we’ve brought together some of the best pets for autistic people – as well as a few reasons why they might be your ideal match.

Best pets for autistic people

1. Labrador Retriever

Labradors consistently rank among the most popular dog breeds, and they’re known for being friendly, intelligent, and gentle. They’re often quite calm, too, which can be therapeutic when you’re stressed, and they can adapt to different situations well, allowing you to meet your own needs or those of your child.

They’re often used as service and therapy dogs, and their easygoing yet caring nature makes it easy to see why.

2. Golden retriever

Like Labradors, golden retrievers are wonderful well-rounded dogs who are just as happy in a busy family environment as they are with a single adult or a couple who are at home with them a lot.

Because intelligence, patience, and kindness are common traits in goldens – they’re among the smartest dog breeds – they’re often used as emotional support dogs and therapy dogs, and their eager-to-please nature makes them easy to train. As long as you’re prepared for a larger canine, they make a great dog for a first-time owner.

3. Fish

Pet fish don’t provide the sort of interaction and companionship of a dog or a cat, but it can be therapeutic and relaxing to watch them swim around and go about their day. If you’d like a lower-maintenance pet that takes less time to care for, or the idea of decorating a fish tank appeals to you, fish could be a good choice.

If you’re looking for a first pet for your child, fish could fit the bill. While they do need to be cared for, it’s not as complex or overwhelming as caring for a larger animal. Check out our guide to the best types of fish for first-time owners.

4. Newfoundland

These big working dogs have long made good therapy dogs for people with conditions including autism and anxiety, but they’re also great pets in the right home. Outgoing and affectionate, they adore their humans and are considered to be particularly good with children.

Newfoundlands don’t need a lot of exercise, so if you work from your home office or you have children who prefer to play inside, they’ll be more than content just spending time around you.

5. Poodle

Because the poodle is so intelligent and easy to train, they can be an ideal pet for autistic people who want a companion that’s as clever as they are friendly in equal measure. They can be good at responding to anxiety and stress, too, by being present but not overly intense and demanding in their affection.

They come in different sizes, too. A toy poodle may be a good choice if you’re a single adult living in an apartment, whereas a miniature or standard Poodle could be suitable for a family with autistic children. There are lots of poodle mixes, too, which you may decide to look into.

6. Ragdoll

Ragdoll cats are often said to be dog-like because they’re affectionate and often enjoy being handled, so if you’re weighing up both dogs and cats you can get the best of both worlds. Their calm, relaxed nature and soothing purr can be therapeutic if you’re feeling anxious or overstimulated or need to take a moment.

They enjoy being near their favorite humans, so they’re the ideal companion if you want a four-legged friend who isn’t too energetic or rambunctious but is still happy to interact.

7. Rabbit

Rabbits are sometimes seen as easy first pets for children because of their smaller size, but they do need plenty of love and care, from fresh vegetables each day to frequent cleaning of their living space. As a result, they can be great pets for autistic adults and older children who are looking for a relaxed companion.

They’re surprisingly intelligent and can be taught tricks, and some rabbits enjoy being stroked. If you’d like your pets to be less high-maintenance than dogs but you want to interact with them more than fish, for example, of one of the many rabbit breeds could be a good option for you.

8. Beagle

Beagles are affectionate, loving dogs, and they don’t grow to be too big either – certainly not to the size of some on this list. They’re quite independent, too, which can make training a little tricky on occasion but also means you’ll sometimes be able to have your own space when you need it.

The main thing to keep in mind about beagles is that they’re often naturally quite vocal dogs (and made our list of the loudest dog breeds), so if you’re sensitive to sound they may not be the best dog for you. Other than that, however, their personality makes them one of the best dogs for autistic children and adults alike.

9. Maine Coon

Like ragdolls, Maine Coons are often thought of as dog-like, though this is also partly because they’re among the largest domestic cats – some even get as big as adult beagles. They have a gentle, patient disposition, too, which can be calming, and they enjoy play but not constantly, so you won’t need to be on your feet with them all the time.

The Maine Coon is a good family pet, making them a suitable companion for many autistic children. They’re adaptable and calm, too, so they’re less likely to get annoyed or startle easily. In contrast, they’re one of the most affectionate cat breeds!

10. Parrot

Should you get a parrot for a pet? Many of the most popular pet birds, like budgerigars and cockatiels, are types of parrot, and while they’re quite high-maintenance pets, they can make good pets for autistic people. Their bright colors and interesting movements can be captivating, and some people find their singing to be relaxing. Budgie sounds tend to be softer and more soothing, whereas some people find cockatiel sounds to be more overstimulating.

Cockatiels are easier to handle and often enjoy interaction with their humans, whereas budgies might suit a more hands-off person better. Don’t be surprised if they enjoy perching on a finger, however.

How do I know which pet is the best for me?

“Since everyone is different, and the needs and traits of any autistic individual will vary, there’s no one-size-fits-all when it comes to support pets,” says Dr Godfrey. “I’ve known a ragdoll cat who was the perfect match with an autistic client – their laid-back and affectionate nature worked well.”

She explains that dogs are often the better choice because they can recognize and adapt to behavioral patterns and cues – with Labradors and golden retrievers being great due to their calm, easily trainable natures.

“On the other hand, caring for a dog can be quite demanding, since they require regular exercise, company, and mental and physical stimulation,” she adds.

“It’s really important to make sure that the support pet has a good quality of life and their wellbeing doesn’t suffer. Therefore, before taking on a support pet, consider whether any assistance will be needed to care for them and make a plan about who will be responsible for veterinary care, grooming, etc.”

If you’re getting a pet for your child, meanwhile, Mark Blakey, CEO of Autism Parenting Magazine, says that it’s important to match the pet to your child’s own needs and preferences.

“Before bringing any pet home, I recommend spending time with that type of animal in a low-pressure environment to see how your child responds,” he adds. “Consider your child's sensory profile carefully – if they're sensitive to noise, a barking dog might not be ideal, while a child who seeks deep pressure might benefit from a larger dog they can hug.”

Read next: Best dog breeds for emotional support

Italian Greyhounds are small sighthounds that initially proved to be popular among royalty and nobility. Bred to hunt hare and rabbit, they soon showed themselves to be wonderful companion dogs and they arrived in the UK and US in the 19th century.

The most obvious characteristic of this breed is its size. It stands no taller than 15 inches and you won’t find many weighing more than 11lbs, which is much smaller than a whippet. But that size hasn’t always gone in this breed’s favour. There was a time when the delicate nature of the Italian Greyhound meant too many decided to look elsewhere. They almost became extinct but extra breeding made them hardier.

Whether or not that means Italian Greyhounds are ideal for you, however, is another matter. But, to help you make up your mind, we’ve looked more closely at this breed with the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do Italian Greyhounds need a lot of exercise?

Italian Greyhounds have an abundance of energy so you need sufficient time to ensure they’re kept physically stimulated.

“Italian greyhounds are athletic dogs that need at least an hour of exercise each day,” says Dr Rebecca MacMillan. But it’s not quite as easy as taking them for a gentle stroll.

Although walks are important, this breed needs some playtime each day as well so you need to engage in games of fetch or invest in the best dog puzzle toys. This breed also tends to burn off its energy in short sprint sessions, but bear in mind that Italian Greyhounds are among the fastest dog breeds, capable of reaching speeds of up to 37mph.

“These dogs are built for speed so they need to be able to run freely off the leash, but it must be done safely,” Dr MacMillan warns. “You must make sure you work on your dog’s recall training and only exercise them in a secure space. Sighthounds have a high prey drive and will take off after squirrels and birds.”

Are Italian Greyhounds easy to train?

Italian Greyhounds are one of the best dog breeds for first time owners and, according to Dr MacMillan, much of that is because they are “very clever dogs meaning that they can pick up their training quickly – if they are not too distracted.”

Things to work on are leash training, recall and separation anxiety but the main problem is that Italian Greyhounds can be quite dismissive of training and it will generally take between 40 and 80 repetitions for this breed to understand a new command.

That said, they’ll obey the first command more than 30% of the time and, with reward-based training, you’ll find Italian Greyhounds pose few problems. Always remember that negative feedback goes down like a lead balloon with this breed so be patient and positive at all times.

Do Italian Greyhounds make good family pets?

You will find that Italian Greyhounds are mischievous yet affectionate. They’re also loyal and amazing fun to have around.

“These dogs have a sweet temperament,” Dr MacMillan says.

Italian Greyhounds are one of the best dog breeds for apartments, too, because, while energetic, they’re also something of a couch potato.

“They’re very adaptable and make for a great family dog, provided they have been properly socialized,” she adds.

Care must be taken if you have children, however. Although Italian Greyhounds are loving, they’re also small and delicate and they won’t appreciate rough play. Children will need to be taught to be careful and respectful.

Do Italian Greyhounds bark a lot?

This breed is not inherently vocal, but some Italian Greyhounds will bark when they see or hear prey.

“Making sure they have been properly socialized from an early age will reduce the risk of any barking tendencies,” Dr MacMillan says. “Dogs that are anxious around unfamiliar animals, people or situations will be much more vocal.”

It’s also important to keep their mind and body ticking over.

“Dogs that are under-exercised or not receiving enough mental stimulation will be much more likely to have behavioural issues like excessive barking,” Dr MacMillan continues.

Do Italian Greyhounds need a lot of grooming?

Although they require daily stimulation, Italian Greyhounds are a low maintenance dog breed and that’s not just because they love to sleep and have a wonderful temperament.

“Italian Greyhounds are low shedding, with a short, single layered coat. Weekly brushing should be enough to keep their coat looking good,” Dr MacMillan says.

The main issue is that Italian Greyhounds have little fur and slender bodies so they need to be kept warm. It’s why they are among the best dog breeds for warm climates and why you will also often see Italian Greyhounds wearing dog coats indoors. To that end, you’re going to have to invest in a lot of snoods, boots, coats and jumpers to protect them from the cold.

 Italian Greyhound health problems

The Italian Greyhound is a generally healthy dog, which is why they tend to live up to 15-years-old. But they do have some common health complaints common in all small breeds, including dental disease.

“These little dogs are prone to heavy tartar build up, gum inflammation and tooth loosening,” Dr MacMillan says. “Brushing their teeth daily from an early age will reduce the risk of dental disease occurring.”

Luxating patella can also be found in Italian greyhounds.

“The kneecap on one or both hind legs slides out of position causing limping, discomfort, and possibly the early onset of arthritis,” she adds. “Some milder cases can be managed conservatively but more severe cases can require surgery.

Don’t forget, these are delicate little dogs that tend to race around.

“As such, I find that they are more prone to bone fractures and skin wounds than many other breeds,” Dr MacMillan says.

Should I get an Italian Greyhound?

Italian Greyhounds are super little dogs and their adaptable, affectionate nature means they’re not only practical but adorable. They aren’t ideally suited to life with a family that has young children and you shouldn’t leave this breed alone for long periods of time.

But you’ll find they’ll quickly form a strong emotional bond with you and they’ll prove delightful thanks to their spritely personality.

Read next: Greyhound breed profile and Italian Greyhound vs whippet. Or read up on Kylie Jenner's dogs and her love for Italian Greyhounds.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The easiest dogs to train are smart, eager to please, and enjoy spending time with their owners. If you're looking for a canine companion who loves to learn and is highly motivated, the breeds on this list are a great place to start.

"Dogs that are easy to train usually share similar characteristics,” explains expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. "Easy-to-train breeds are naturally intelligent, meaning they are quick to learn. They are also people pleasers and enjoy human companionship. They respond well to positive reinforcement and are eager to receive praise and attention from their owner."

Easy-to-train breeds are a particularly good choice if you're a first-time dog owner, as it means you can more easily avoid a range of unwelcome behaviors, such as jumping up, pulling on the leash, and excessive barking. As long as you use positive reinforcement, such as the best dog treats, you'll find your new fur friend quickly masters new commands.

"The most important thing with any dog breed, however, is how you approach their training," says Dr MacMillan. "A patient, consistent, and positive approach is needed to get the best out of any dog."

With that in mind, here are 20 of the easiest dogs to train – and a few of them may just surprise you!

Easiest dogs to train

1. Border Collie

A whip-smart workaholic who's never happier than when they have a job to do, the energetic Border Collie is one of the best farm dogs. Athletic and agile with keen herding abilities, they are muscular yet nimble dogs who excel in obedience and agility training. They have also been named as the smartest dog breed.

Border Collies need a lot of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy, and because of that, they're best suited to homes with lots of space for them to run around and owners who have the time and energy to keep them occupied. They're very affectionate with those they love, but can be reserved with strangers.

2. Poodle

They may look pretty as a picture, but don't let their outward appearance fool you – the poodle is a highly intelligent dog who's not afraid of getting their paws dirty! Regardless of whether you adopt a toy poodle, miniature poodle, or standard poodle, expect a canine companion who is active, affectionate, and an absolute breeze to train.

Poodles are very social dogs who view strangers as people they just haven't made a friend out of yet. They are playful, adaptable, and great with children, and their friendly and fun-loving nature makes them a joy to be around.

Just be aware that they can become easily bored if they're not given enough physical and mental stimulation, so investing in a few of the best dog puzzle toys will come in handy for those times when you're too busy to play.

3. German Shepherd

Often found working alongside the police and military, the German Shepherd is about as smart as they come. A tireless breed that wants nothing more than to please its owners, this courageous and confident canine has an outstanding work ethic and is one of the greatest all-purpose dogs around.

Devoted and steady in temperament, the German Shepherd is a large and muscular dog capable of reaching great speeds. They are quick learners and move through the world with a noble and dignified air. This breed won't hesitate to put their life on the line for those they love, and while they are watchful and wary of strangers, they are incredibly affectionate with their human family.

4. Golden retriever

One of the world's most beloved family dogs, the lovable, friendly, and eager-to-please golden retriever is a delight to have in the home. As beautiful on the inside as they are on the outside, this loyal and exuberant pup adores children and gets on famously with other dogs making them one of the best family dogs.

Hard workers who can be found in a variety of roles, including search and rescue, as guides for the blind, and in hunting and field work, this breed excels at picking up new commands and never fails to execute the task that's asked of them. They have a true zest for life and love to stay active, so be sure to check out these fun ways to workout with your pet to keep things interesting for you both!

5. Doberman Pinscher

Looking for a fearless and loyal companion? The Doberman Pinscher is hard to beat. With a reputation for being a quick learner who never forgets what they've learned, this breed is popular with the police and military because they're so obedient and easy to train.

Energetic and alert, the watchful Doberman Pinscher is a curious dog who likes to be kept busy. Their brains and bodies need to be frequently exercised, because if bored and left to their own devices, they have a tendency to be destructive. Dobermans are very loving dogs, but they have a strong prey drive and are wary of strangers, so early training and socialization are key.

6. Shetland Sheepdog

When it comes to the most beautiful dog breeds, it's hard not to award that crown to the Shetland Sheepdog. A striking dog with a long coat that comes in a range of gorgeous markings, the sheltie (as they're affectionately known) is a small herding dog who hails from the Shetland Islands in Scotland.

An incredibly bright breed who is quick to learn and highly obedient, they excel in competitive sporting events and are easy to train thanks to their eager-to-please nature. Affectionate dogs who are wonderful with children and get on famously with other canines, the sheltie is playful and adaptable, but they do have a tendency to bark, so they're not the best choice if you live in an apartment!

7. Labrador Retriever

When it comes to the most popular dog breeds in the US, the Labrador Retriever just misses out on the title, coming in at number two. A firm favorite amongst families, the versatile Labrador Retriever is a fast learner with an eager-to-please personality and a gentle temperament.

Friendly, affectionate, and outgoing, this breed loves children and other dogs and is kind to strangers. High-spirited and enthusiastic dogs, they are very athletic and adore hiking, swimming, and games of fetch. Just a word of warning – Labradors are known for eating things they shouldn't, so be sure to keep your favorite clothes and shoes out of reach!

8. Papillon

Papillons measure around 8-11 inches in height and weigh no more than 10 pounds, but although they're small, they're athletic, curious, and happy dogs who are much more robust than they look!

Quick studies who love to learn, you'll have no trouble training a papillon, and they're also one of the most adaptable dog breeds around. Content to live in both warm and cool climates, in an apartment in the city or a home in the country, they have a very flexible nature and adore being part of family life.

Papillons like mastering new things, so brushing up on a few quick and easy tricks to teach your dog will go down a treat with this breed.

9. Rottweiler

The Rottweiler has been given an unfair reputation over the years, with many viewing them as aggressive. And yes, while they are natural protectors with strong guarding instincts, as with all breeds, when trained and socialized correctly from a young age, Rottweilers can make wonderful family companions.

Known for having clown-like personalities, Rottweilers are very affectionate with their chosen humans and are typically quiet, gentle, and calm dogs who often like to follow their owners around the house.

This breed thrives when they have a job to do, which means they respond brilliantly to training. Smart, eager to please, and a quick study, Rottweilers like positive reinforcement, so be sure to have plenty of treats on hand.

10. Australian Cattle Dog

A medium-sized herding dog with almost inexhaustible energy levels, the Australian Cattle dog is known for being an incredibly intelligent breed that loves to be on the go. This breed likes to have a sense of purpose, and they need a lot of exercise (think hiking, running, fetch, agility training, and games), so they're not suited to apartments or homes without yards.

However, if you have the time and energy to devote to this breed, the Australian Cattle dog will reward you with a fierce devotion. They tend to attach very strongly to one person and bond deeply with them, spending their lives loving and protecting them. Because of that, they don't like being left alone and need to be part of a home where someone can be with them at all times. This breed is highly trainable, but they can be stubborn, so you'll need a firm but gentle hand.

11. Collie

A stunning breed with a deep fondness for children, the majestic collie is a razor-sharp dog with bucket loads of smarts. Fast, athletic, and a breeze to train, they thrive on human companionship and enjoy being a part of all aspects of family life. Affectionate and energetic dogs, they need at least an hour of exercise each day to keep them happy and healthy, and particularly excel at obedience and agility work.

Because of their high intelligence and their need for a lot of mental and physical stimulation, collies can become destructive when they're bored. Brain games can be great for this breed when you're too busy to play, and teaching them some new tricks will also go down a treat.

12. Pembroke Welsh Corgi

They may be low-set, but don't let that fool you – the little Pembroke Welsh Corgi is one powerful pup! A lively herder with an agreeable nature, this breed is loving and loyal where their owners are concerned, but they're also a vigilant watchdog with a big bark. Bold yet kind, they are bright and sensitive dogs who adapt well to almost any living situation.

Eager to please their humans, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a dream to train, and they enjoy learning new things. They do need a lot of mental stimulation to keep them occupied, so investing in some puzzle toys for those times when you're too busy to play will be well worth it – otherwise, you may just find that boredom drives them to dig up your flower beds or chew your favorite slippers!

13. Miniature schnauzer

Standing 12–14 inches in height and weighing 11–20 pounds, the miniature schnauzer is one of the best small dog breeds thanks to their smart, affectionate, and obedient nature. Friendly dogs who are great with children and get on well with other animals, the miniature schnauzer is playful, protective, and highly adaptable.

Watchful and fearless, they may be little, but this breed has a big dog bark, so that's something worth considering if you live in an apartment. They also need a lot of exercise, at least an hour a day, and plenty of mental stimulation to ensure their brains get a good workout.

Spunky dogs who want to please their owners they're amenable to many types of training, and as long as you keep things fun, they'll pick up new commands quickly.

14. English Springer Spaniel

A lively gundog with an enthusiastic personality, the energetic English Springer Spaniel will certainly keep you on your toes! Built to hunt, this hardworking breed has both brains and beauty, not to mention outstanding stamina. Sweet-faced and well-mannered, they are true people pleasers, so training them is both an easy and rewarding experience.

Springer Spaniels bond very deeply with their humans and don't like being away from them. Because of that, they need to be in a home where someone can be with them for most of the day, as otherwise they will struggle with separation anxiety. However, as long as they have their humans around, the English Springer Spaniel will be a very content canine.

15. Australian Shepherd

The Australian Shepherd is a medium-sized herding dog with a muscular and agile build. High-energy dogs who love to play fetch, they have a strong prey drive, so they're best kept on a leash when being taken for a walk. Loyal and super intelligent, they're typically very friendly, although they can be reserved around people they don't know well.

Australian Shepherds were bred to work, and because of that, they like to have a job to do. They need lots of physical exercise and plenty of mental stimulation to prevent them from becoming bored and destructive. However, as long as they receive proper training and plenty of daily activity, the Australian Shepherd can be a very well-behaved dog. Highly attentive and motivated, they respond to training readily and thrive in an environment focused on positive reinforcement.

16. Keeshond

With its plush coat, expressive eyes, beautiful ruff, and curled tail, the striking keeshond (pronounced kayz-hund) is hard to miss. A friendly, lively, and outgoing breed, they make wonderfully affectionate companions and get along famously with children and other dogs. Moderately active, they adapt well to a variety of living situations but require lots of attention from their owners and don't like being left alone.

Keeshonds have a delightfully fun-loving and happy nature, and because they're so clever and eager to please, training them is real joy. They excel in obedience training, and while they are typically very well-mannered, they are prone to barking when they're home on their own.

17. Vizsla

The Hungarian Vizsla is an energetic, red-coated gundog that originated in Hungary. Bred to be a hunting companion, the Vizsla is an outstanding athlete and needs regular physical activity (think hiking, running, and swimming) to keep it happy. They are friendly and deeply devoted dogs who bond deeply with their owners and make great pets for homes with children.

Gentle, patient, and affectionate, Vizslas are Velcro dogs who like being with their owners at all times. Because they're high in energy, they're not suited to apartment living and need ample space to run around. Sensitive dogs, they require lots of positive reinforcement, but they are very intelligent and eager to please, so this makes them easy to train.

18. Bernese Mountain Dog

A gentle giant with a huge heart, the Bernese Mountain Dog may be big, but they are true softies. Often referred to as 'nanny dogs' because of their deep fondness and affection for children, they're a strikingly beautiful breed with a sweet temperament. Patient and kind with everyone in their human family, including other pets, they can be shy around strangers and prefer to stick close to those they know.

While they were bred to be working dogs, these days, most Bernese Mountain Dogs prefer to laze around the house all day. However, exercise is important for their physical and mental health, and so encouraging them to get out and about will do them the world of good. Eager to please, they're highly trainable and, given their size and strength, you'll definitely want to teach them not to jump up on people.

19. Boxer

A deep-chested dog with an upbeat and playful nature, the boxer is one of the canine kingdom's most beloved goofballs. True comedians who love making their owners laugh, boxers are happy, fun-loving dogs who make fantastic playmates for children. Patient and protective, they're a watchful breed who take their job of guarding their family very seriously.

Boxers are bright dogs who love to learn, so on the one hand, they're very easy to train. However, they have a high prey drive and bucket loads of energy, which means they can lose interest in what you're saying quite quickly if something else catches their attention. That being said, you'll find patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement work a treat with this breed as they respond very well to a rewards-based system.

20. Bichon frise

Not only are they adorable, but the bichon frise is also a dream to train. Smart and quick to learn, this little dog is always keen to please their owners and enjoys learning and performing tricks. Because they're so intelligent, you'll find they master new commands quickly, and they enjoy playing games like fetch and tug of war.

The bichon frise is energetic, adaptable, and gets on well with children and other pets. They also love to cuddle, so if you're looking for a lap dog, this could well be the breed for you. Social, gentle, playful, and loving, the bichon frise needs lots of attention and affection to keep it happy.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Bred from small Australian Shepherds in California in the 1960s, the Miniature American Shepherd is a small herding dog. To a great degree, they’re actually miniature versions of the Australian Shepherd – and used to go by that name – but this was changed to reflect their history and the breed was fully accredited by the American Kennel Club in 2015.

They come in a variety of colors – black, blue merle, red merle and red (liver) – and they’re also undeniably cute. But, as you’ll see, despite their capacity to relax, they are little live wires and they will need plenty of care and attention. With the assistance of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we take a look at this breed in more detail.

Does a Miniature American Shepherd need a lot of exercise?

Since Miniature American Shepherds are a herding breed, you’ll find they’re active and athletic and in need of a good amount of physical stimulation each day.

“These compact dogs are lively and have working roots, so they need plenty of exercise,” Dr MacMillan affirms. “Around an hour should keep them happy, but some may benefit from a little more, depending on their age and health status.”

As intelligent dogs, their exercise sessions need to be as varied and fun as possible. Without sufficient stimulation, they can develop behavioral problems so you’ll need to try some great brain games for dogs alongside some fun games, such as fetch and frisbee. They also excel at agility and other active canine sports.

Just be aware that they have a herding instinct so you need to keep them on a leash when around small animals and livestock.

Are Miniature American Shepherds easy to train?

Miniature American Shepherds are eager to please and they adore their humans. They’re also quick to learn and you’ll find them to be obedient, all of which is great news.

“Miniature American Shepherds are a very intelligent breed and as such they are highly trainable in the right pair of hands,” Dr MacMillan says.

As with any dog, early socialization is important and you also need to be consistent and make good use of positive reinforcement , whether you’re rewarding with the best dog treats, best dog toys, or simply lots of attention.

As with exercises, it’s important to keep sessions fun and varied.

“Due to their intelligence, you will need to make sure they receive enough mental stimulation to keep boredom and behavioral issues at bay,” Dr MacMillan says.

Do Miniature American Shepherds make good family pets?

This breed has a positive temperament.

“With the right socialization, these dogs are friendly, affectionate, and good with children, so they can make nice family pets,” Dr MacMillan says.

But whether they’ll fit in well with your family depends very much on how much time you have on your hands and the kind of property you live in. While this is an adaptable breed which can live in cities, they do need lots of attention and, ideally, a large outdoor space in which to run around.

This breed is also prone to separation anxiety given the close bonds they form with their families.

“It’s important that their owners give them enough exercise and mental stimulation though, so they need a family that can cater for that,” says Dr MacMillan.

Do Miniature American Shepherds need a lot of grooming?

Miniature American Shepherds are relatively high maintenance in terms of their grooming requirements and you will need to pay attention to their coat on a weekly or sometimes daily basis.

“Miniature American Shepherds have a thick double coat that will need regular brushing to keep mats and tangles at bay,” says Dr MacMillan. “Brushing them once or twice a week is usually enough but they could require daily grooming when they are shedding more heavily.”

Indeed, you will find hairs all around your home with this breed.

“Miniature American Shepherds shed all year round, with a period of more heavy fur loss twice a year,” Dr MacMillan adds. “As with all dogs they will also need regular nail trims and oral care.”

Common health problems in Miniature American Shepherds

Miniature American Shepherds are a generally healthy breed but there are some conditions to be aware of including hereditary eye complaints, which are common in many pedigree dogs.

“This includes inherited cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) which can cause gradual loss of vision,” Dr MacMillan says.

Hip dysplasia can also occur in Miniature American Shepherds.

“This is a developmental abnormality of one or both hip joints which can lead to pain, mobility issues, and early arthritis,” says Dr MacMillan.

There’s also a genetic issue to watch out for.

“Miniature American Shepherds can also have a mutation of the MDR1 gene, which can cause drug sensitivities in this breed,” she adds. “It is important to buy your puppy from a reputable breeder who has carried out all the recommended health screens, to reduce the chances of these inherited conditions from developing.”

Should I get a Miniature American Shepherd?

If you can give this breed a lot of time and attention to ensure the dogs are sufficiently mentally and physically stimulated, then a Miniature American Shepherd makes for a great pet.

Without such care, they can be prone to excessive barking and destructive behavior linked to an abundance of energy and boredom. Ideally, you’d live in a good sized home with a reasonably large yard or at least have space nearby. But you do need to be hands-on – this is a breed that would prefer to exercise with you so you’ll need to be rather active yourself.

Want to learn more about dogs? Here are some of expert behaviorist Helen Master’s favorite dog facts

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

There are some dog breeds with bad reputations – but are they warranted or are these pups simply misunderstood? Well, the answer is more complicated than you might think.

When the media labels a breed as 'aggressive' or 'destructive' what they fail to understand is that breed is only one factor that determines whether or not a particular trait will be expressed. Life experiences, early training and socialization, diet and exercise also play crucial roles.

A dog that doesn't get enough physical and mental stimulation, lacks regular play sessions with the best dog toys, is put in situations that make them feel uncomfortable, or is fed poor quality food can end up displaying undesirable behaviors.

And while it's true that some breeds are not the best family dogs or need experienced owners, that's not because they're inherently 'bad', they just need a home where their breed-specific needs can be understood and met.

To find out more, we asked expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey to comment on each of the breeds below and whether their bad reputation is deserved. Here's what she had to say...

Dog breeds with bad reputations

1. Rottweiler

Of all the dog breeds in the world, the Rottweiler is one of the most misunderstood. Believed to have descended from the herding dogs of Ancient Rome, Rottweiler's were originally drovers and guard dogs.

While this breed does have a reputation for being an attack dog and they can be territorial and protective of their human family, with the right training and socialization they make incredibly loving and gentle companions.

"I’ve met several Rottweilers who are very friendly and absolute softies, but they can be unpredictable," cautions Dr Godfrey.

2. Chihuahua

Chihuahuas have a reputation for being both yappy and mean, but that's not because they're nasty dogs. This breed isn't aggressive and they don't go out of their way to hurt people, but if not properly trained and socialized, their small size can make them feel nervous in unfamiliar situations. That's when they may lash out and snap or bite.

"Most Chihuahuas that I’ve met haven’t been particularly vocal, instead, they’ve been very timid, and those who have been aggressive have only lashed out through fear," confirms Dr Godfrey.

As long as owners work with their dog from a young age, using lots of positive reinforcement, this breed can make a devoted friend for life. Loyal, intelligent and eager to please those they love, Chihuahuas are sassy, charming, and full of fun.

3. Doberman Pinscher

Thanks to Hollywood films which have portrayed them as vicious guard dogs, Doberman Pinschers have found themselves landed with an unfair reputation as being both unfriendly and dangerous.

"I used to walk a Doberman, and he was very gentle and certainly not dangerous," says Dr Godfrey. "I’ve never met a vicious or dangerous Doberman, but I haven’t found them to be particularly affectionate."

Dobermans were born to protect but, as with all breeds, if you raise them right and provide them with the right training and socialization, this intelligent dog will quickly learn how to use their guarding instincts appropriately.

4. German Shepherd

An outstanding all-purpose worker, the German Shepherd has a long history of being as being a vocal and protective service and guard dog. Often working in law enforcement roles, this breed is courageous, confident, smart and tireless.

Over the years, they have found themselves being labelled as dangerous and aggressive, but nothing could be further from the truth.

"German Shepherds have a reputation for being aggressive, which may be based on their use within the police and armed forces," Dr Godfrey explains. "However, they can be lovely family dogs."

While they are protective of those they love and therefore very wary of strangers, they are not naturally aggressive, they're simply hesitant of those they don't know. When trained and socialized correctly, and when all their physical and mental needs are met, the German Shepherd makes a gentle and steadfast family pet.

5. Chow chow

The chow chow certainly won't be winning any awards when it comes to the friendliest dog breeds, as this breed is known for being serious-minded and aloof.

Chow chows are very misunderstood as their independent and temperamental nature coupled with their guarding instincts can lead people to think they won't make a good pet.

"The few chow chows I have met have been quite temperamental," says Dr Godfrey, "but that might be due to them being quite stressed about their visit to the vet."

However, as with all dogs, the correct training and socialization from a young age will help ensure you end up with a fiercely devoted and well behaved canine companion.

Chow chows are serene, adaptable and known for being incredibly clean – in fact, they're so fastidious about personal hygiene that you'd think they were a cat instead of a dog!

6. Cane corso

A breed that's often labelled as aggressive and difficult to handle, the cane corso is definitely watchful, protective, assertive and may well forcefully intervene if their loved ones are at risk.

"Cane corsos are large, strong dogs, so naturally, without training, they could be difficult to handle," explains Dr Godfrey. "Rather than labeling a breed as aggressive, which any dog can be, it’s more important to consider that these dogs have the potential to cause more serious injuries due to their size."

Cane corsos are loyal and emotionally sensitive dogs who are affectionate and eager to please, and as long as they have an experienced owner who knows how to train them, they can be incredibly well behaved family pets.

7. Akita

There's no denying that the akita is best suited to experienced dog owners. They can absolutely make loyal and loving pets when handled correctly, but they have a reputation for being very aggressive towards other dogs – especially those of the same sex.

However, Dr Godfrey says that this is not what she has witnessed when working with them.

"I’ve not known an akita who can’t be around other dogs, although I have met a few with quite challenging behavior. It’s sensible to supervise any dog closely, particularly if they are with children, cats, or other dogs."

In the right environment and with an owner who can meet their training and socialization needs, the akita is a courageous and one of the most loyal breeds. They can be wonderfully silly and affectionate and thrive on human companionship.

8. Dachsund

If you're after a quiet life, think twice before adopting a dachshund! They may be small, but this dog has a big bark and they're not afraid to put their vocal cords to good use.

"In general, dachshunds are a vocal breed, especially if there’s more than one of them," Dr. Godfrey confirms. "However, they often still enjoy relaxing and some quiet time."

They also have a reputation for being both rash and stubborn, which can make training them a bit of a challenge at times. However, with patience, consistency and perseverance on your part, the dachshund can make for a delightfully playful and affectionate member of the family.

9. Border Collie

Border Collies are working dogs, which means they need to have a job to do in order to stay happy and healthy. When they're not given enough mental and physical stimulation, this breed can become destructive, chewing your furniture, digging up your flower beds and, in some instances, nipping people.

"Border Collies can be nervous, and particularly those kept as working dogs may be prone to nip in an effort to protect their family or the farm," explains Dr. Godfrey.

Energetic and the smartest breed around, the Border Collie either needs to be kept busy on a a farm all day or paired with an owner who leads a very active lifestyle. They're a watchful breed that's prone to barking and they can also be wary around strangers, so early training and socialization is key.

10. Siberian Husky

Siberian Huskies are loyal, outgoing and mischievous, but pair them with an inexperienced owner who doesn't have the time to meet their needs and you start to run into problems.

Intelligent and independent dogs, they need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to ensure they thrive – if they don't get this, they'll engage in all sorts of destructive behaviors such as chewing, digging and barking.

"Siberian Huskies can also struggle with separation anxiety, perhaps because, as sled dogs, they’d usually be in a pack," explains Dr Godfrey. "When left alone, they often howl or whine, so it isn’t just distressing for them, it might also frustrate your neighbors."

Because they get anxious when left alone, this breed does best in homes where someone is around all day to keep them company.

Read next: The most Googled dog breeds, dog breed lookalikes, and most popular dog breeds. Or check out our comparison of the Cane corso vs Rottweiler and American Pit Bull vs Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you've ever wondered about the difference between the Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound, you're in the right place! While these two gentle giants both make wonderful companions, there are a few key differences that you'll want to be aware of.

Two of the largest dog breeds, both the Great Dane and the Irish Wolfhound are soft-hearted and tend to make great friends for older children. They tend to bond well with other dogs and are very loyal and kind-hearted.

Great Danes tend to be goofy and affectionate, whereas Irish Wolfhounds are typically sensitive and serene in nature. Great Danes love to have fun and like lots of attention, but Irish Wolfhounds prefer quiet and calm. Great Danes are also highly flexible and are quite happy with just about any living environment, while Irish Wolfhounds need plenty of space to run around and stretch their legs.

To help you figure out which breed is right for you, we turned to expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey. Below, she compares the training, grooming and exercise needs of both breeds and reveals which health conditions these two dogs are prone to. Let's take a look...

Size: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

When it comes to large breed dogs, you won't find many pups bigger than these two huge hounds! There's virtually nothing in it on the height front, with the Great Dane and the Irish Wolfhound both measuring around 30-32 inches tall.

Where these breeds do differ substantially is weight, with the Great Dane being the heavier of the two. It's not unusual for males to tip the scales at 175 pounds, whereas male Irish Wolfhounds are considerably leaner at 120 pounds.

Appearance: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

They may be similar in height, but these two breeds definitely differ in appearance, so you'll have no trouble telling them apart.

Great Danes have a mastiff body type, which means they have a very heavy and robust frame. They have square muzzles, large ears and their short and smooth coat comes in seven different colors, including blue, brindle, fawn and harlequin.

In contrast, Irish Wolfhounds are sighthounds, so are lean with an agile build, and they have long, angular muzzles and small ears. Their outer coat is long, shaggy and wiry and comes in six official coat types, including grey, pure white and red.

Trainability: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

Planning on training your dog on your own? If so, knowing how quickly a breed can master new commands may be factor highly into your decision making process when it comes to adopting a dog.

According to Dr Godfrey, training is essential for both the Great Dane and the Irish Wolfhound due to their size and strength.

"Irish Wolfhounds are particularly intelligent, which can make training a little easier, but neither dog is known for being particularly eager to please, which can make training a challenge," she explains.

"As puppies and adolescents, both dogs can be a little clumsy and destructive, so starting training at an early age is important. Use positive reinforcement with high-value dog treats or toys as a reward for good behavior, and be firm and consistent."

Dr Godfrey says that training these breeds isn’t quite as easy as some others, so you will need to be patient, but it’s worth it to have a safe and obedient companion.

Exercise: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

Large dogs require a large amount of exercise, right? Well, not necessarily as Dr Godfrey explains.

"To look at them, you might assume that both Great Danes and Irish Wolfhounds crave lots of exercise, because they’re so big. But actually, both dogs can be very laid back and even a bit lazy if they’re allowed to be," she says.

Still, that doesn't mean you want to let them be couch potatoes. After all, being lazy some of the time is fine but inactivity on a regular basis can lead to health problems.

"It’s really important to give them regular exercise to keep them fit and healthy," confirms Dr Godfrey, adding that both breeds require "at least an hour or two daily, but longer or more often when you can."

She goes on to explain that both breeds benefit from off-leash exercise, and letting them run free serves a double purpose as it can help give you a break from holding them.

"But it’s really important to only let them off when they’re somewhere secure, particularly Irish Wolfhounds, who have a tendency to chase," she explains.

There are so many different ways to workout with your pet, so don't be afraid to mix things up a bit to keep life interesting for both you and your canine companion.

Grooming: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

While some breeds require little more than a quick brush once a week to keep their fur in tip-top condition, other breeds have coats that require daily care. Considering the grooming needs of different breeds and how much time you have to devote to pampering your pup can help you to find the right dog for you.

"If you’re looking for a low-maintenance breed, the Irish Wolfhound may not be the best choice," says Dr. Godfrey. "These dogs have a double coat with a long, coarse outer coat that needs regular brushing to prevent mats. Thankfully, unlike some other breeds, Irish Wolfhounds don’t shed excessively, so brushing once or twice a week should be sufficient.

"In comparison, Great Danes are relatively easy for most of the year, because their smooth coat only requires weekly brushing. However, during shedding season they lose lots of hair and require brushing everyday."

Regardless of which breed you choose, investing in one of the best dog brushes can help make those grooming sessions that little bit easier. Bristle and slicker brushes are a great choice for Irish Wolfhounds as they remove loose hair while helping to maintain their wiry coats.

Bristle brushes and rubber mitts are often a winner for Great Danes, helping to keep their short, thick coat nice and smooth.

Health: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

When it comes to health, there are several conditions you'll want to be aware of if you plan on welcoming a Great Dane or Irish Wolfhound into your family.

"The most common health problem I’ve seen in Great Danes is gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), where the stomach bloats and twists," Dr Godfrey explains.

"It’s life-threatening and always touch-and-go when a case comes in and we rush to surgery. Irish Wolfhounds can get the same condition, because they also have a deep chest. To reduce the risk of your dog getting a GDV, never exercise them or let them run around after eating; instead, let them rest for an hour to allow the stomach to empty."

Dr Godfrey says that both breeds are also prone to the heart condition dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

"Since dogs with DCM often don’t show any symptoms until they are very severely affected, it’s a good idea to get your dog checked regularly," she advises. "A vet can perform a screening blood test and heart scan, as well as their standard examination, to see if your dog needs treatment."

Finally, like many large-breed dogs, both the Great Dane and the Irish Wolfhound are prone to joint problems. Dr Godfrey says that elbow and hip dysplasia, where the joints don't develop as they should, are particularly common.

"Screening tests are available, so if you’re considering taking on one of these breeds, it’s a good idea to speak to the breeder about testing.

Owner suitability: Great Dane vs Irish Wolfhound

Now that you know a little bit more about the Great Dane and the Irish Wolfhound, you may be wondering which breed would be best suited for your home and lifestyle.

Dr Godfrey says that in her experience, neither breed is particularly good with young children, however they are both very affectionate, which makes them well suited to families with older children.

"Because of their large size and strength, combined with not being particularly easy to train, they’re not the best option for first-time dog owners, but they would suit experienced dog owners who have plenty of indoor and outdoor space," she explains.

Read next: Great Dane facts and Irish Wolfhound facts

Edited by Megan Milstead.

The term Velcro dog breed is becoming increasingly popular. But what does that actually mean, and which breeds fall into that category? Essentially, a Velcro dog is a dog that always wants to be close to its owner or other family members, which can include other dogs.

Breeds likely to suffer from separation anxiety can also be considered Velcro dogs, as they do not do well being alone for extended periods of time. Velcro dogs are usually on the clingy side.

So, which breeds does that include? Velcro dogs are likely breeds that were bred to work closely with humans, but the umbrella also includes can also be dogs that are more anxious.

In this feature, we get into which breeds are velcro breeds and tips from vet, Dr Hannah Godfrey, on how to care for a highly attached dog breed.

Velcro dog breeds

1. Hungarian Vizsla

Hungarian Vizslas are super energetic and affectionate dogs. These pups need around two hours of exercise each day. Luckily, there are many ways to workout with your pet so you can spend even more time together, which we know this breed will love.

Vizslas are very intelligent, and their eager-to-please nature makes training easy with this breed. As they are so smart, they will also require plenty of mental stimulation to keep from getting bored. We recommend keeping some of the best dog puzzle toys around to keep them busy.

2. Maltese

The Maltese is a toy dog breed that will love nothing more than curling up in your lap. Due to their gentle and laid-back nature, this is a great breed for families. Although you want to be sure to always supervise young children around them to be sure they are handling them safely.

If you're on the hunt for one of the best dog breeds for apartments, this breed is definitely one to consider. They don't take up too much space and have low exercise needs. This breed only needs between 30-60 minutes of exercise each day, which can be a walk around the neighborhood or some playtime with one of the best dog toys.

3. Chihuahua

Easily, one of the best dogs for companionship, the Chihuahua loves to be near its pet parents. Lovingly called 'purse dogs,' these pooches delight in being held and don't mind being toted around.

Due to their small size, they are more fragile than other small dog breeds. They should be handled carefully and are better suited to homes with older children.

This breed can be prone to dental issues and luxating patellas, which affects the kneecaps, causing them to slip out of place, and can lead to limping.

4. Border Collie

One of the best farm breeds, these dogs love running around with their owners. Bred to be herding dogs, they are used to working closely with humans, which is why they don't like to be alone.

Border Collies are high-energy dogs and need plenty of exercise and playtime, a minimum of two hours a day. This breed will do well with owners who have a more active lifestyle.

5. Labrador

Labrador Retrievers come in black, chocolate, and yellow. They are one of the most popular dogs in the US, and it's not hard to see why are they tend to be super friendly and affectionate.

As they were bred for retrieving, they are used to being in close proximity with their humans. As they are used to working, they have high energy levels and will need around two hours of exercise each day.

These dogs are very intelligent, easy to train, and are great with kids.

6. Golden retriever

Golden retrievers are intelligent, sociable, and loyal to a fault. They love being around the pet parents are always up for some play time. Another hunting dog breed, golden retrievers need about two hours of exercise a day. If they don't get enough time to burn off steam, they can start to develop destructive behaviors. So keep them busy!

They are also one of the dogs that shed the most. Keep up with regular grooming sessions to keep their coats looking their best.

Retrievers are sometimes mistaken for Labradors. You can read a detailed breakdown between the two in our golden retriever vs Labrador comparison.

7. Pomeranian

Pomeranians are tiny bundles of fluff, but they have massive hearts and bond strongly with their families.

There are many quick and easy tricks to teach your dog, which is great because this breed loves learning new things. They are very intelligent, and a few quick training sessions throughout the day are the perfect way to improve your relationship with your dog.

8. German Shepherd

German Shepherds are frequently employed as service dogs. This is due to their high levels of intelligence, extreme loyalty, and athletic ability.

These are very active dogs and require plenty of both physical and mental stimulation. Otherwise, they will find their own forms of entertainment. These dogs are very protective of their pet parents and families, and can be wary of strangers.

There are some health issues to be aware of when it comes to this breed, including hip dysplasia, which can lead to arthritis and joint pain.

9. French Bulldog

There are endless reasons to love French Bulldogs, their desire for endless snuggles is just one of them.

French Bulldogs are a low-energy dog breed that’s happy hanging out on the couch with their favorite human. These are very affectionate pups and are a great option for families.

French Bulldogs are a brachycephalic breed, meaning that they have a flat face and shortened muzzle. Their shortened muzzle can make breathing difficult for them, they are also prone to overheating, so extra care should be taken in hot weather.

10. Italian Greyhound

Italian Greyhounds are a playful breed and are highly affectionate. These dogs are sighthounds, meaning they hunts by eyesight rather than smell.

These dogs are known to suffer from separation anxiety. If you do need to leave them alone, leave plenty of puzzle toys around to keep them busy and try not to leave for long intervals of time.

Tips for taking care of Velcro dogs

If you have a highly attached dog breed, there are some tips you can try to help ease their anxiety. Dr Hannah Godfrey, explains:

1. Identify the cause

Why do they want to be near you all the time? Are they scared, anxious or trying to protect you?

2. Look for triggers

Look for situations that make your dog more clingy. Is itwhen you have visitors? Or when they've been home alone for longer than usual. Or could be when they see new dogs out on a walk.

3. Desensitization

You can help overcome anxiety with desensitization.

"For instance, if it’s new people that make your dog want to be close to you, start by taking them somewhere quiet where there are only occasional people passing and reward them when they’re relaxed. Then, you can gradually expose them to more people, first at a distance and then closer, until they’re more comfortable in these situations," says Dr Godfrey.

4. Positive reinforcement

Encourage them to stay on the ground rather than in your lap (or arms). Dr Godfrey also advises to try and remain stress free yourself as to not reinforce their fear.

5. Routines

Stick to a predictable and consistent routine. This helps dogs to feel safe. If they know that you often go away for a little bit and then come back. They will get used to this and know that you will return.

Enjoyed this feature? Check out 32 ways to destress your dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Bred for hunting between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Brittany Spaniel excels at flushing, pointing and retrieving. They’re so energetic, they can keep going for hours on end and their keen work ethic also means their minds are constantly ticking over.

With a love of the great outdoors, this pointing breed has become particularly popular among active dog owners who want a companion to accompany them on their adventures.

But just how suitable would a Brittany be for you and what does owning one actually entail. To find out, we enlisted the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Does a Brittany need a lot of exercise?

Brittany Spaniels love the outdoors. They’re extremely active and adore running off leash (in a safe area away from distractions) but since they are among the fastest dog breeds, capable of running at speeds of up to 25 miles-per-hour, you may find it hard to keep up.

“Brittanys are very energetic so they need an owner that can meet their exercise requirements,” Dr MacMillan says. “These dogs need at least 90 minutes of good physical activity each day. If they are under-exercised, then behavioral issues will be much more likely.”

To that end, you should take this dog on hikes and have them accompany you on runs. You should entertain this most playful dog breed by engaging in games of fetch, which also taps into their instinct to hunt as one of the best hunting dogs.

Since Brittany dogs were bred for retrieving birds from lakes, marshes and ponds, you’ll also find they’re one of the dog breeds that are made for swimming – more so given they have strong legs and webbed feet.

Are Brittany dogs easy to train?

Classed as excellent working dogs by canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his controversial book The Intelligence of Dogs, Brittanys are capable of understanding new command with fewer than 15 repetitions. They will also obey the first command more than 85% of the time and this makes them a great dog for first-time owners.

“Brittany Spaniels are intelligent and willing to please, which makes them very trainable,” says Dr MacMillan. Just be aware that this is a rather sensitive breed.

“Use positive reinforcements, such as praise and treats, to reward them during sessions,” Dr MacMillan adds.

It would also be helpful if you had a large, secure garden so you have a safe place to train.

“It is also important to train these dogs to feel happy when left in their own company, as they are very prone to separation anxiety,” Dr MacMillan continues.

With early socialization, a focus on fun activities and a patient, loving approach, however, you’ll find this breed quickly flourishes.

Do Brittanys make good family pets?

Brittanys are loving dogs and if they are socialized from a young age, they are good and well-behaved with children. But Brittanys are considered to be one of the best dogs for extroverts because they’re so exuberant. All of that energy can be tiring and put a lot of demands on your time.

For that reason, you may not want to consider a Brittany dog if you already have your hands full.

“Due to their love of long walks and need for plenty of mental stimulation, these dogs would be best suited to a family with older children or teenagers,” Dr MacMillan affirms. “They will be able to help with this dog’s care needs. A family that is already busy with very young children might struggle.

Do Brittanys have tails?

Most Brittanys are born with long tails but while some are not, the main reason you may see a Brittany without one is because it has been docked. Tail docking is very common in working dogs, and it is said to help prevent tail injuries from occurring, particularly in very active breeds like spaniels. But it’s certainly controversial.

“Evidence for these injuries is not that strong and many countries including the UK have now banned tail docking, though it is still allowed for certain working dogs,” Dr MacMillan says.

“Unfortunately, the American Kennel Club breed is yet to catch up and it states in its Brittany breed standard that the tail must be no longer than four inches long, or severe penalization will occur. I would say that docking is not essential for most Brittany Spaniels.”

Do Brittanys need a lot of grooming?

With their short coats, you’ll find that Brittanys don’t need a lot of grooming. But that’s not to say they’re a low-maintenance breed.

“Like most dogs, Brittany Spaniels do shed, but not excessively,” says Dr MacMillan. “They will require brushing once or twice a week, but perhaps a bit more often in the spring and fall.”

Brittanys will also require an occasional bath and you should take care of their floppy ears.

Brittany health problems

Brittanys are a generally healthy breed but there are some conditions to be aware of.

Hip dysplasia can occur in these dogs.

“It’s a developmental joint abnormality that can lead to pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis,” Dr MacMillan says.

This breed is also prone to epilepsy, a brain disorder that causes seizures.

“Affected dogs may require regular medication to reduce their seizure frequency,” she adds.

Hypothyroidism also commonly affects Brittany Spaniels.

“This condition causes a decrease in thyroid hormones, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and skin changes. Dogs with hypothyroidism require medication and monitoring to manage their condition,” Dr MacMillan says.

Should I get a Brittany dog?

Brittany Spaniels suit a particular kind of pet parent – one who is active and has lots of free time for walks and play. Preferably, you’d have an older family and a large home outside of a city with a big yard. You’d also be around as much as possible to help avoid this breed becoming bored.

One thing’s for sure, a Brittany is not for someone who wants a quiet, relatively inactive, easy life. Looking after one can feel like another job at times but if you have the energy and will, you will find a Brittany is a loving, fun companion who is a joy to have around.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When it comes to the English Cocker Spaniel vs the English Springer Spaniel, there's not much separating these two breeds. Both are high-energy working dogs who thrive on having a job to do and are never happier than when leading an active life.

English Cocker Spaniels require slightly less exercise than English Springer Spaniels, and because they're smaller, they're often a good choice for suburban living. Springers tend to be more curious than Cockers, and because of that, continued training is necessary to keep their minds stimulated.

Both make wonderful family dogs, but where they differ the most is in their ability to be left alone. When well exercised, the English Cocker Spaniel will likely be content to play independently with the best dog toys or sleep until you return, whereas the Springer doesn't tend to like being separated from their humans.

However, both breeds are incredibly sweet-natured and loving, so if you've fallen in love with them, we don't blame you! To help you decide which pup would be the best fit for your home and your life, we spoke to expert vet Dr MacMillan. Below, she reveals how easy these breeds are to train, their grooming requirements, and the health issues you'll want to be aware of.

Size: Cocker vs Springer

The English Cocker Spaniel is a compact dog measuring 15–17 inches in height and weighing 26–34 pounds. Males tend to be at the taller and heavier end of these spectrums, while females are usually slightly shorter and lighter.

English Springer Spaniels are bigger than Cockers, with most males and females measuring around 20 inches. Males are heavier than females, typically weighing around 50 pounds, while females tend to weigh around 40 pounds.

Appearance: Cocker vs Springer

Sturdy and well-balanced, the English Cocker Spaniel is a medium-sized sporting dog with a regal appearance. They have bright and happy eyes and ears that are set low and lie close to their head, with long, silky hair that may be wavy or straight, keeping them well covered.

In terms of their coat, the English Cocker Spaniel comes in a range of solid and parti-colors. You'll find these dogs in black, liver, and different shades of red, and some will have a white chest or tan points. This breed has wide nostrils (which is why they excel at picking up a scent) and a strong jaw that they use for carrying large birds when hunting.

The English Springer Spaniel is sweet-faced, strong and symmetrically built. Their almond-shaped eyes wear a permanently alert yet kind expression and they have long, pendulous ears that hang close to their cheeks and are long enough to reach the tip of their nose.

When it comes to their coat, this is medium and may be either flat or wavy. They tend to have moderate feathering on their ears, chest, legs and belly, and their coat comes in three different color combinations – black and white, liver and white or either of these combinations with the inclusion of tan markings.

Trainability: Cocker vs Springer

Whether you're keen to hire a professional trainer or are planning on training your dog on your own, one of the most important things to many prospective pet parents is how quickly and easily a dog will master new commands, skills, and expected behaviors.

And when it comes to the English Cocker Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel, we have good news for you! According to Dr MacMillan, both were bred for similar purposes and are working gundogs, which means both are intelligent and easy to train.

"They are both eager to please and enjoy human companionship, which are good traits when it comes to training," she explains.

"Springers are more prone to separation anxiety than Cockers, but it is important to teach both dogs to be happy being left on their own for short periods. Making sure that these dogs are receiving enough exercise is key to helping them concentrate during training sessions, as they can sometimes be distractible."

Exercise: Cocker vs Springer

If you've ever been around these spaniels, then you likely don't need us to tell you that both of these dogs need a lot of exercise. Perfect for singles, couples, and families that live an active lifestyle, these dogs thrive when they have plenty of physical and mental stimulation each day.

"Both breeds are high-energy working dogs," Dr MacMillan confirms. "The English Cocker will need around 60–90 minutes per day, with working types being more athletic than show types.

“Springers will need a bit more than this at around 90–120 minutes per day, depending on age and health status."

While walking is always a great option, there are so many ways to workout with your pet that will help to keep those daily exercise sessions varied and interesting. From hiking and running to swimming and dancing, don't be afraid to mix things up a little. Both of these breeds love variety!

Grooming: Cocker vs Springer

Cockers and Springers have similar grooming requirements, so you'll want to have one of the best dog brushes at the ready if you plan on welcoming one of these pups into your home.

According to Dr MacMillan, both breeds need regular brushing, although the cocker's longer coat tends to be higher maintenance. With Springers, you'll want to brush their coat at least once a week, whereas Cockers will need their fur tended to every few days.

"More frequent sessions could be required for both dogs if they regularly exercise in the countryside," Dr MacMillan advises. "This is because they are prone to picking up grass seeds and burrs, especially in the feathery bits around their paws and legs. You should try and keep the fur around their paws trimmed to prevent tangling and make it easier to spot grass awns before they burrow their way into your pet’s skin.

“Many owners choose to have their spaniels regularly clipped by a groomer to keep things in order. This helps to make their coats generally easier to manage."

Health: Cocker vs Springer

We all want our pets to live a long and happy life, so how healthy a breed typically is will often factor into our adoption decisions. When it comes to these spaniels, here are a few things Dr MacMillan says it's worth being aware of.

"Like many other pedigree breeds, Cockers and Springers are prone to hereditary eye issues such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which can lead to loss of vision," she explains.

"Hip dysplasia and patella luxation are also frequently diagnosed in both breeds. Choosing a puppy from a reputable breeder who has carried out all the recommended health screenings is essential. This will greatly reduce the risk of your pup developing problems."

On top of these health problems, Dr MacMillan says another thing to keep an eye on is your dog's ears.

"Both breeds have characteristically floppy ears, which puts them at greater risk of ear infections, though I would say I see this problem more commonly in Cockers than Springers. Their large, pendulous ears trap moisture and heat, making their ear canal the perfect breeding ground for yeast and bacteria.

“Cancer is more prevalent in Cockers, too, including mammary tumors, anal gland carcinomas, and melanomas. Cockers also frequently suffer from lip fold infections, known as lip fold dermatitis, which can be tricky to manage."

Because of all of this, Dr MacMillan says she considers the English Springer Spaniel to be the healthier of the two breeds overall.

Owner suitability: Cocker vs Springer

Do you love being in nature? Are you passionate about living an active lifestyle? Then both these spaniels will be a great fit for you.

"Both breeds are very energetic and will need active owners to match their energy levels," Dr MacMillan confirms. "If you enjoy the great outdoors, long walks, or competing in agility, then either dog would work well. The Coker has slightly lower exercise requirements and is more compact than the Springer, however, making it more adaptable for suburban living.

Both breeds make good family dogs, provided they are receiving enough mental and physical stimulation. The Cocker again may be marginally better with younger children than the Springer."

However, while there are lots of reasons to adopt a dog, Dr MacMillan says that whichever breed you choose, it's important that you're realistic about their care and exercise needs. Both the English Cocker Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel are high-energy breeds that need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.

Read next: Facts about Springer Spaniels and things to love about Cocker Spaniels

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Miniature poodle vs toy poodle – what's the difference, we hear you ask? Well, as it turns out, not a whole lot! While the miniature poodle is slightly taller and heavier than the toy poodle, both are identical in terms of their temperament. So if you're looking for an active, adaptable, and affectionate companion, poodles (of all sizes) are a great choice.

Whether you opt for a miniature or toy poodle, these dogs love to play and run around. Poodles are also one of the smartest dog breeds, so giving their brains a good daily workout with puzzles and games is really important.

To find out more about the miniature and toy poodles, we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she reveals everything you need to know about these colorful characters, including whether or not they're easy to train and a few common health issues that are worth being aware of.

Size: miniature vs toy poodle

The miniature poodle is typically a little larger than the toy poodle and was bred down from the standard poodle. Miniature poodles are between 10–15 inches tall and weigh up to 15 pounds.

Toy poodles are the smallest of all the poodles, standing no more than 10 inches tall. They're pretty tiny in terms of their weight, too, weighing between four and six pounds.

Appearance: miniature vs toy poodle

When it comes to appearance, the only thing that separates the miniature poodle from the toy poodle is their height and weight. Other than that, they're pretty identical! What’s likely to make them look different is their haircuts – this can really change their appearance and throw you off.

Both the miniature and the toy poodle have soft and curly medium-length fur, although the miniature does have a bit more floof. All poodles come in a range of different coat colors, from ink black and warm chocolate all the way through to apricot and white.

All three poodle varieties have the same build and proportions, so expect a square body, straight back, and a long, elegant neck. They have long muzzles, dropped ears, and long legs.

Trainability: miniature vs toy poodle

Miniature poodles and toy poodles aren't actually different breeds, they've just been selectively bred to produce their varying sizes. Because of that, you'll find they're pretty much identical when it comes to their intelligence levels and how easy they are to train.

"Both poodle types are very intelligent and responsive, which makes training easy," says Dr MacMillan. "They are very people-oriented and eager to please. These little dogs can learn a variety of commands and tricks with the right positive reinforcement!

“Just remember to teach these dogs how to be happy being left alone for short periods. Separation anxiety is common in both poodle types."

Exercise: miniature vs toy poodle

As you'd expect from this breed, both the miniature and the toy poodle are fairly energetic dogs, although you may find the toy poodle needs slightly less physical exercise than the miniature.

"Both poodle types are reasonably energetic," Dr MacMillan confirms. "The toy poodle needs around 30-60 minutes of exercise each day, whereas the miniature poodle may need a bit more at around 45-60 minutes per day."

Because poodles are so incredibly bright, you want to make sure you exercise both their bodies and their brains.

"Plenty of mental stimulation will help these dogs to stay happy," Dr MacMillan explains. Brain games and the best dog puzzle toys will provide them with a good challenge, and Dr MacMillan also recommends things like agility and obedience, both of which they excel at.

Grooming: miniature vs toy poodle

Break out the best dog brush and be sure to set aside some grooming time each day because, according to Dr. MacMillan, both the miniature and the toy poodle have high-maintenance coats.

"They have thick curly coats which need regular attention to prevent matts and tangles," she explains. "Most owners will take their dog to a groomer to be professionally clipped. This needs to be done approximately every six weeks, with regular brushing at home in between. As well as this, they will need regular nail trims and daily oral care."

While spending time grooming your canine companion may seem like a chore at first, when it comes to how to bond with your dog, those daily brushing sessions can work wonders for strengthening your relationship.

Health: miniature vs toy poodle

According to Dr MacMillan, both the miniature and toy poodles are prone to several health problems.

"Some of these have a genetic basis, including cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)," she explains. "These inherited eye complaints can cause loss of vision and progress to blindness. Poodles are also prone to problems like distichiasis (extra hairs rubbing on the surface of the dog’s eye) and entropion (rolling inwards of the eyelid)."

On top of that, Dr MacMillan says that Leg Calves Perthes Disease is also seen in both miniature and toy poodles.

"This painful condition is often first diagnosed at around six to nine months of age. It is thought to be caused by reduced blood flow to the head of the femur, thereby affecting the ball part of the ball and socket joint. The bone then becomes brittle and can easily fracture."

Something else to watch out for is sebaceous adenitis, which Dr MacMillan says is common in poodles.

"This is an inflammatory disease that affects the hair follicles. Symmetrical hair loss may be seen, and flaky skin."

Other common health complaints that affect many small breeds, including miniature and toy poodles, are things like patella luxation and dental disease.

"Toy and miniature poodles can suffer from excessive tartar buildup, gum inflammation, and tooth loosening. Extractions are often required in advanced dental disease, so I recommend that owners of these poodles implement a daily oral care regimen from a young age," Dr MacMillan explains.

If you decide to adopt a poodle and want to stay on top of their dental hygiene, our guides to the best dog toothbrush and the best dog toothpaste (both vet-recommended!) will help you do that.

Owner suitability: miniature vs toy poodle

Because the miniature and toy poodle are so similar, so as long as you like poodles, you'll find both of these dogs make wonderful, flexible companions.

"Both these little dogs are adaptable and would be happy in the city or countryside, provided they get enough exercise," says Dr. MacMillan. "They would also be a fine choice for either a single owner or a family.

“As with all dogs, children must be supervised and taught to handle them carefully. Any new owner must be prepared for the poodle’s grooming needs, however, as well as being able to budget for their veterinary care."

Read next: Cockapoo vs Cavapoo

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.