When it came to choosing the right dog, I settled on a golden retriever for their joyful nature, love of the outdoors and top tier cuddles. What I didn't take into account was the hair.

So. Much. Hair.

Because while high shedding breeds are said to shed twice a year, the reality is there is low level shedding going on all the time. Such is the truth in this, I've regularly heard it quipped that golden retrievers shed twice a year, once in spring for six months and once in autumn for six months!

Yes, they are one of the breeds that shed the most and, as such, my house has been covered in – sorry, I mean blessed by – goldie hair for going on a decade now! But all my suffering has not been for nothing, I have amassed a collection of hacks that will hopefully help you cope with shedding and keep your house a fraction less hairy…

When and why do dogs shed?

Golden retrievers shed their thick, water-resistant double coat twice a year. As the weather warms up in spring, they shed their thick winter undercoat and transition to their lighter summer coat. Then in autumn, they do away with their summer coat to make way for a new, thicker winter coat. Really, it’s no different to you and me swapping out our puffer coats for a rain jacket, or boots for sandals. Just, er, messier.

During this season of shedding you can expect a significant amount of hair to come out and the process can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months. Sorry. Somebody had to break it to you. The good news is, you can prepare for it accordingly.

The spring shed can start as early as March, but could be April or May, with the autumn shed starting around September or October.

Shedding hacks

1. Invest in the right brushes

When Lowen is going through her spring and autumn glow-up season (as I've rebranded it) I crack out the undercoat rake (I got this one on Amazon). I use this at least weekly during shedding season and my top tip: do this outside, the amount of hair that you'll get out is unfathomable.

Then I get the slicker brush (like this one) out and I try to give her a once over daily during shedding season. Little and often is really useful with this too. If your dog is anything like mine, they’ll love the attention of being brushed. And you’ll get extra points for telling them what a beautiful pup they are while brushing.

2. Plan a strategic bath and blow dry

Golden retrievers don't need bathing often in my experience, but during shedding season it can help to loosen any dead hair. The key here is to dry with a cool hairdryer afterwards, aim it towards the direction you’re brushing in and it will help to pull out a lot of loose hair.

3. Feed high quality food

Your dog's health will benefit tremendously from feeding a high quality, appropriate diet – the best dog food you can afford. But did you know it can also affect their coat too?

The right diet can result in a shiny, healthy coat. On the flipside, a poor quality, filler-heavy diet can cause dry skin and even result in excessive shedding.

4. Get a decent vacuum

Even with daily brushing, tactical baths and a good quality diet, the fact is some dogs just do shed. It’s part of the breed and what you sign up for. So the next few tips are focused on managing the inevitable. And first up? A decent vacuum.

You’ll want a robust, heavy duty vacuum cleaner that can pull stubborn hairs out of carpet fibres with ease – we’ve rounded up the best vacuum cleaners for pet hair here. If you’re inclined to household laziness like me, you might also benefit from a more lightweight cordless vacuum cleaner for a quick swipe around in between the more thorough vacuums.

The ultimate solution is a robot vacuum cleaner! My parents got one when they got their golden retriever (Lowen’s sister, Indy) and it’s been a game changer. They set it to work while she’s out on a walk and they come home to pristine floors. Which is nice, for a few minutes.

5. Seek out dog-proof furnishings

Obviously we can’t all redecorate our homes to suit our pets, but when it is time to upgrade furniture or redecorate a room, it’s worth taking it into consideration. We have a fabric sofa, but opted for machine-washable covers so that we can keep it smelling fresh and hair free.

However when the time comes to upgrade our sofa, I will without a shadow of a doubt be going for leather like my parents. It’s a far more practical option when you’ve got a dog that sheds.

For now, we have a rotation of sofa throws that cover the sofa during Lowen’s shedding seasons. When one goes in the wash, we simply pull another one out so the sofa is never subject to her hair! You can also find blankets that are designed to be pet hair-resistant (like this one on Amazon).

6. Use the best lint rollers

Goldens love a cuddle and I’m powerless to resist, so I am now the proud owner of several lint rollers. These work to pull dog hair from your clothes and soft furnishings, so you can stay close to your friend throughout their big shed.

I have heard excellent things about the Chom Chom roller, so they’re next on my list of things to try along with a new pet hair remover glove (like this one).

7. Shift your mindset

Ultimately, if you have fallen in love with a dog that sheds, you need to accept it is part of having them. Yes it’s a bit inconvenient, but in my experience it is completely outweighed by the joy that having a goldie in the home brings.

Focus on the good stuff – like their lovable nature and unmatched zest for life – and the shedding thing won’t seem like quite such a big deal.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

For any dog parent, your pup’s health is going to be a concern. But dental health can sometimes be overlooked, meaning that our dogs might be suffering in silence.

You might brush your dog’s teeth on a regular basis or give them the best dental chews for a healthy mouth, but a new study from Purina Dentalife has found that almost a third of dog parents (30%) ignore bad breath, assuming that it’s normal for dogs despite 42% of all respondents saying their dog has it, while a quarter can’t tell if their dogs’ teeth and gums are in good shape.

Almost one quarter have noticed their pup struggling to eat, while 23% have noticed inflamed gums, and 13% have seen their dog pawing at their mouth.

More than a third have even delayed a vet visit in the past, hoping that dental issues will “sort themselves out,” with only 41% saying they’d go straight to the vet, while just 25% link symptoms like drooling or behavioral changes to tooth and gum issues.

For 22%, the internet is the first place to seek out information, with 32% searching for information about their dog’s health and behavior online each week, but a whopping 74% find themselves more confused than when they started. Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs, for example?

Spokesperson Dr Paul Manktelow said: “Dental disease affects over 80% of dogs over the age of three and often goes unnoticed. Early signs like bad breath, red or swollen gums, and tartar build-up can be easily missed, but the infection can progress and impact a dog’s overall health.

“That’s why daily dental care matters. Regular brushing is ideal, but many owners find it challenging.”

He added: “If your dog has persistent bad breath, red or bleeding gums, stops eating, or seems in pain, it’s time to call your vet. These can all be signs of dental disease that needs treatment. For general advice on prevention, like how to start a dental care routine – stick to trusted sources, but if you’re ever unsure, always speak to a vet.”

More than 60% of dog parents give their pet chews or sticks to help, while 43% take them to the vet for professional cleaning, and 40% brush their teeth at home. Of those pet parents who don’t brush their dog’s teeth, a third (34%) said their dog won’t let them, while 14% say it isn’t necessary – here’s how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing.

If you’d like to know how to better care for your pup’s mouth, here’s how to keep dog teeth clean with tips from a vet. Take a look at our list of dog gum diseases and five vet-approved ways to prevent them, too.

Hair loss in dogs is something I’ve seen countless times in my 14 years as a practicing vet. A dog’s coat is more than just for looks – it’s an important part of their health, providing warmth, protection, and even acting as a reflection of their overall wellbeing. When the fur starts to thin, develop bald patches, or fall out entirely, it can be worrying for owners, and understandably so.

As a vet, I know that hair loss (also called alopecia) can be a sign of anything from something as simple as seasonal shedding to more serious skin conditions or underlying illnesses. While some causes are straightforward and easily treated, others require thorough investigation and tailored treatment plans.

In this guide, I’ll explain what hair loss in dogs actually means, the symptoms to watch out for, the most common causes, and how it can be treated. I’ll also share advice on when to seek veterinary attention to make sure your dog stays as healthy – and as fluffy – as possible.

What is hair loss in dogs?

Hair loss in dogs refers to a partial or complete absence of hair in areas where it should normally grow. This can affect small patches of the body, larger areas, or even the entire coat, depending on the underlying cause. It may appear gradually over time and be so subtle that some owners will not even notice, or it can develop quite suddenly.

Unlike normal dog shedding, which happens as part of the coat’s natural growth cycle, alopecia is abnormal and usually indicates that something is interfering with hair growth or causing the hair to fall out prematurely. This can be linked to skin problems such as dermatitis, allergies, parasites, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, or even behavioral issues.

Symptoms of hair loss in dogs

The signs of hair loss in dogs can vary depending on the cause, but common symptoms include:

• Bald patches on the skin: Clearly visible areas with no fur.
• Thinning fur: The coat can look less dense or full than normal.
• Red or inflamed skin: Irritation beneath the fur.
• Crusting, scaling, or scabs: Skin surface changes that are visible to owners at home.
• Itching and scratching: Sometimes intense and persistent.
• Excessive licking or chewing: Especially on affected areas.
• Changes in skin color: Either darkening (hyperpigmentation) or lightening (depigmentation).

Sometimes hair loss is accompanied by other signs such as lethargy, weight changes, or increased thirst, which can give clues to an underlying hormonal disorder.

Causes of hair loss in dogs

Hair loss in dogs can be caused by a wide variety of factors. The most common include:

• Allergies: Dogs can be allergic to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust mites, or mold, as well as certain food ingredients like beef, chicken, or dairy. Allergies often cause intense itching, leading to scratching, licking, and fur loss.
• Parasites: Fleas, mange mites (sarcoptic or demodectic), and lice can all irritate the skin, triggering scratching and chewing that leads to bald patches. Some parasites burrow into the skin, directly damaging hair follicles.
• Skin infections: Bacterial infections (such as staphylococcal dermatitis) or fungal infections like ringworm can cause patchy hair loss, scabs, and redness. Infections may occur on their own or as a secondary skin issue due to damage from scratching or parasites.
• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions such as hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone), Cushing’s disease (excess cortisol), and sex hormone imbalances can disrupt the hair growth cycle, leading to symmetrical hair loss and changes to the coat texture.
• Poor nutrition: A diet lacking in essential fatty acids, protein, vitamins, or minerals can affect coat quality and contribute to gradual hair thinning. Always ensure you are feeding the best dog food you can.
• Stress or behavioral causes: Some dogs over-groom, chew, or scratch themselves due to stress, anxiety, or boredom, which can result in self-inflicted alopecia.
• Seasonal or breed-related shedding: Certain heavy-shedding breeds, such as Huskies or German Shepherds, have heavy seasonal molts. While this isn’t true alopecia, it can look alarming to an unprepared owner.

Treatment of hair loss in dogs

Treatment depends entirely on the cause, so an accurate diagnosis is essential. Your vet will start by taking a full clinical history, they will then examine your dog’s skin and coat, and possibly running tests such as skin scrapings, hair plucks, blood tests, or allergy testing.

• Treating underlying conditions: Allergies need to be managed with dietary changes, medication, or in some cases immunotherapy. Parasites need to be treated using prescription flea, tick, and mite control products. Infections are targeted with antibiotics, antifungals, or medicated shampoos. Hormonal disorders require long-term medication and regular monitoring.
  
• Nutritional support: Switching to a complete, balanced diet and adding omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can help restore coat health and promote healthy regrowth.
  
• Skin care: Medicated shampoos, moisturizing sprays, and topical ointments can soothe itching and reduce the risk of secondary infection.
  
• Behavioral support: If stress or boredom is a factor, providing enrichment activities, behavior training, and in some cases calming supplements or medication can help.

When should I be concerned about my dog’s hair loss?

You should book a veterinary appointment if:

• The hair loss is sudden or rapidly spreading.
• The skin looks sore, red, crusty, or infected.
• Your dog is scratching, licking, or chewing excessively.
• There are distinct bald spots rather than generalised shedding.
• Other symptoms are present, such as changes in appetite, thirst, weight, or behaviour.

While mild seasonal shedding is normal, any unexplained hair loss or persistent dog skin problems should always be investigated. Early diagnosis means faster treatment, better comfort for your dog, and often a quicker return to a shiny, healthy coat.

Hair loss in dogs can be unsettling, but with prompt veterinary assessment and the right treatment, most cases can be successfully managed. Keeping up with parasite control, feeding a balanced diet, and regularly checking your dog’s coat will help prevent many problems – and keep your dog looking and feeling their best.

Read next: Skin allergies in dogs and hot spots on dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Hydrotherapy for dogs is becoming an increasingly popular form of physical rehabilitation – particularly for dogs recovering from surgery, managing arthritis, or living with long-term mobility issues. As a vet with 14 years of experience, I have seen first-hand how water-based therapy can transform a dog's quality of life.

This form of treatment takes place in specially designed pools or underwater treadmills where dogs can exercise without putting excessive strain on their joints. The buoyancy of water supports the body, allowing for gentle movement and muscle engagement with minimal pain or pressure. It’s not just for poorly pups either – some owners use hydrotherapy to keep their dogs fit and active in a safe, low-impact way.

If you're considering taking the plunge, our guide to the best swimming pools for dogs is a great place to start. But first, let’s dive into the details of hydrotherapy: what it involves, who it’s for, and whether it could help your dog.

What is hydrotherapy for dogs?

Hydrotherapy is a type of physiotherapy that uses the properties of water to support and improve your dog’s musculoskeletal health. Sessions typically take place in a heated pool or underwater treadmill, depending on the dog's individual needs and preferences. The warm water encourages circulation, relaxes muscles, and allows for pain-free movement, even in dogs with significant joint stiffness or muscle weakness.

The frequency of hydrotherapy sessions can vary based on the condition being treated. For dogs recovering from surgery or injury, I often recommend starting with one to two sessions per week. Chronic conditions like arthritis may benefit from a similar frequency in the long-term. As your dog builds strength and comfort, your therapist might gradually reduce the number of sessions or adjust the treatment plan.

Hydrotherapy is particularly useful in managing conditions such as elbow or hip dysplasia, cruciate ligament disease, degenerative myelopathy, spinal injuries, and post-operative rehabilitation. It’s also commonly used to aid weight loss and improve overall fitness in overweight or elderly dogs.

Benefits of hydrotherapy for dogs

Hydrotherapy can provide a wide range of benefits for dogs, including:

• Reduced joint pain and inflammation
• Improved joint mobility and flexibility
• Increased muscle mass and strength
• Faster recovery from injury or surgery
• Enhanced cardiovascular fitness
• Support with weight management
• Improved mental wellbeing and confidence in anxious or nervous dogs

Hydrotherapy isn’t just physically beneficial; there are many ways dogs can benefit from swimming. It often gives dogs a new lease of life, boosting their mood and willingness to exercise.

Side effects of hydrotherapy for dogs

Although hydrotherapy is generally very safe when carried out by a qualified therapist, it isn’t entirely without risk. Potential side effects or concerns include:

• Muscle soreness: Particularly after early sessions, as the body adjusts to new types of movement
• Fatigue: Especially in unfit or elderly dogs, it’s important to allow for rest afterwards
• Skin infections or ear problems: If proper hygiene isn’t maintained, or water enters the ears
• Agitation or anxiety: Some dogs may initially be fearful of water, although this often improves over time

A full veterinary assessment should always be completed before starting hydrotherapy to ensure it’s suitable and safe for your individual dog.

How effective is hydrotherapy for dogs with arthritis?

Arthritis is one of the most common conditions I treat in senior dogs, and hydrotherapy has become a really useful tool in managing it. It’s gentle yet effective, allowing arthritic dogs to stay mobile and maintain muscle tone without worsening joint pain.

In fact, many arthritic dogs struggle with regular land-based exercise, which can leave them in a frustrating cycle of stiffness and inactivity. Hydrotherapy can help to break this cycle. The buoyancy of the water supports their weight, reducing the impact on inflamed joints, while the warmth soothes discomfort and improves circulation.

When used as part of a broader management plan – which may include medication, joint supplements, and lifestyle adjustments – hydrotherapy can significantly slow the progression of arthritis and improve quality of life. I frequently recommend it for my arthritic patients, especially those who are beginning to show signs of weakness or reluctance to move.

How expensive is hydrotherapy for dogs?

The cost of hydrotherapy can vary depending on your location, the facility, and the type of treatment (pool versus treadmill). As a rough guide:

US: You can expect to pay around $40–100 per session, with similar discounts often available for multiple bookings.

UK: Sessions typically range from £30–60 each. Some centres offer discounted packages if you book a block of sessions in advance.

Prices may be higher if your dog needs one-on-one support from a therapist, or if they require a more intensive rehabilitation program. Always check that the hydrotherapist is fully qualified and works under veterinary referral –this ensures your dog receives safe, evidence-based treatment.

It’s also worth speaking to your pet insurance provider. Some policies will cover the cost of hydrotherapy if it’s recommended by your vet as part of a treatment plan.

Hydrotherapy for dogs is a versatile and highly effective treatment that can support dogs of all ages and abilities. Whether your dog is recovering from surgery, living with arthritis, or just needs a low-impact way to exercise, hydrotherapy can offer real and lasting benefits.

As a vet, I’ve been genuinely impressed by how much this therapy can achieve. If you think your dog could benefit, speak to your vet about getting a referral; they will always be happy to help.

Read next: Dog breeds that love swimming and signs a dog is in pain

Edited by Megan Milstead.

What kills dog fleas instantly? This is one of the questions I’m asked most often as a vet, usually with a touch of panic! After 14 years of treating dogs of all breeds and sizes, I’m no stranger to the dreaded flea. They are far more than a minor nuisance – they cause intense discomfort, can trigger allergic reactions, and in some cases, spread parasites or even serious diseases.

Fleas can multiply astonishingly quickly, which is why it’s so important to act fast the moment you realize your dog may have them. While long-term prevention is essential (and we’ll come to that), there are several safe and highly effective ways to kill fleas instantly once they’re already on your dog. It is very important that all dog owners know how to get rid of fleas.

In this guide, I’ll break down the best fast-acting treatments, how to tell if your dog has fleas in the first place, and how to prevent another infestation. If you’re considering your medication options, don’t miss our best flea treatment for dogs guide, which is packed with vet-approved recommendations.

What kills dog fleas instantly?

If your goal is to kill fleas on your dog as quickly as possible, here are the most effective treatments we use in practice and recommend for home use. These options are fast-acting, clinically proven, and safe when used correctly.

1. Prescription oral flea tablets

Speed: Kills fleas within 30 minutes to four hours

This is my go-to in urgent cases. Products like Capstar (nitenpyram) are fast-acting oral flea treatments that start killing adult fleas almost immediately. They work by interfering with the flea’s nervous system, leading to rapid death.

It needs to be prescribed for the correct dose based on your dog’s weight. It needs to be used in combination with a longer-term treatment, since it only kills adult fleas present at the time – it doesn’t offer ongoing protection.

2. Fast-acting topical spot-ons

Speed: Kills fleas within 12–24 hours

Products like Advantage (imidacloprid) and Frontline (fipronil) kill fleas through contact – meaning the flea doesn’t have to bite the dog to die. They’re applied to the skin between the shoulder blades and spread across the body via natural oils in the skin.

The product is applied to clean, dry skin and you must avoid bathing your dog for at least 48 hours before and after application. Always read the label and use products specifically formulated for dogs under veterinary instruction.

3. Flea-killing shampoos

Speed: Immediate effect during use

Medicated flea shampoos can kill adult fleas on contact. They’re ideal in severe infestations when you want to physically remove a large number of fleas quickly. They must be used with caution, as they will only kill adult fleas.

If your dog has a flea infestation, prescription medication, and professional guidance are required, and they should never be used on their own. To use the shampoo, lather your dog thoroughly, working the shampoo down to the skin.

Leave it on for the recommended time (usually five to 10 minutes), then rinse well. Always follow up with a long-term flea control method from your vet.

4. Flea combs

Speed: Instant physical removal, but does not kill all fleas present or address other stages of the flea life cycle

A fine-toothed flea comb can be used to trap and remove adult fleas manually (similar to how nits are removed in humans). Comb slowly through the fur, especially around the neck, back, tail base, and groin. It’s important to note this is not a stand-alone treatment, but it is useful as a supplement to chemical control.

Signs your dog has fleas

Many owners assume fleas are easy to spot, but they can be incredibly sneaky. Here are the most common signs your dog might be dealing with fleas:

• Excessive scratching, biting, or licking: This happens especially around the tail, belly, or inner thighs
• Flea dirt: Small black specks (flea feces) that look like ground pepper; if you put them on a wet paper towel, they’ll turn reddish-brown
• Hair loss or thinning patches: This is often from self-trauma
• Scabs or red, inflamed skin: This can be caused by flea allergy dermatitis
• Live fleas: You might spot one crawling, particularly around the neck, tail base, or belly
• Restlessness or irritability: Some dogs become more unsettled due to constant itching
• Pale gums: In severe infestations, fleas can cause anemia, particularly in puppies or small breeds

If in doubt, part the fur and look closely near the skin – or use a flea comb. Just be aware, fleas move fast, so a quick visual check often misses them.

How to prevent fleas

Once you've dealt with the current infestation, it's essential to prevent fleas from coming back. Here’s what I recommend to my clients:

1. Use a monthly flea preventative: Choose a prescription or vet-recommended product that offers long-term protection. This includes spot-on treatments and oral medications. Consistency is key – don’t skip doses!
2. Treat all pets in the household: Even if one dog shows signs, every pet in the home, including cats, must be treated. Fleas can jump from one animal to another and thrive undetected.
3. Clean the environment thoroughly: Only about 5% of the flea population lives on your pet. The other 95% is in your home – as eggs, larvae, and pupae in carpets, bedding, and cracks in the floor.
   1. Wash all bedding on a hot cycle
   2. Vacuum daily (especially edges and upholstery)
   3. Use an environmental spray that contains an insect growth regulator (like this one from Amazon) to prevent flea eggs from hatching
4. Use flea preventatives year-round: Fleas are not just a summer problem. Central heating keeps them active in winter, so it’s crucial to maintain protection all year round – not just during warmer months.
5. Check your dog regularly: Regular grooming and use of a flea comb can help you catch any early signs of re-infestation. Early detection makes management far easier.

So, what kills dog fleas instantly? The answer depends on your dog’s needs, the severity of the infestation, and your long-term flea control plan.

Fast-acting oral medications like nitenpyram, topical spot-ons, or flea shampoos can provide immediate relief, but they should always be used as part of a wider strategy – including environment control and monthly preventatives.

As a vet, I can’t stress enough how much prevention is easier than treatment. With the right combination of fast actions, consistent prevention, and regular checks, you can keep your dog and your home flea-free all year long.

Read next: Safest flea treatment for dogs and flea medicine vs collars

Edited by Megan Milstead.

There are a few circumstances where you might be left wondering how to litter train a dog. While it’s not common practice – like house training a puppy – as it’s recommended that you take dogs outside to go to the toilet outside, if your dog has mobility issues, is recovering from injury or illness, or lives in a high-rise apartment, training them to use a litter box might be useful.

The good news is, it's not as tricky as you might think, as Dr Rebecca MacMillan explains.

How to litter train a dog

1. Select the right litter box

The first thing you want to do is choose a litter box. It sounds like a simple enough purchase, but you'll definitely want to do your research. Likewise, you’ll need to look into appropriate litter for dogs.

"You must get the right-sized box to fit your dog otherwise it will make training more difficult and urine spillages could occur," explains Dr MacMillan

2. Introduce your dog to the litter box

Dr MacMillan says that introductions to any litter box need to be done slowly, with lots of the best dog treats on hand that you can use to reward your pup for sniffing or showing interest in the litter box.

"When they are happy you can then try and encourage them to enter it," she says.

3. Establish a routine

Consistency is crucial when it comes to getting your dog to use their litter box.

"Start as you mean to go on and establish a toileting routine, for example by taking your dog to their box first thing in the morning or after a meal," Dr MacMillan advises.

4. Use positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement is so important when it comes to litter box training.

"If your dog toilets in the box, then make sure to reward them with a treat and praise to reinforce the behavior," says Dr MacMillan.

5. Be patient and consistent

Using a litter box may not come naturally for some dogs, especially if they have previously toileted outside. Dogs also learn at different rates and some breeds are easier to train and may take more quickly to using a litter box than others.

"Remain patient and never punish them for any accidents as it could lead to anxiety," Dr MacMillan explains.

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Kathryn Williams.

In an ideal world, we’d spend as much time with our pets as possible. Other aspects of life, like work, often get in the way, but potential new laws in Australia could require dog parents to spend a minimum amount of time with their pets each day regardless of other commitments.

The Code of Practice for the Welfare of Dogs has been proposed in the Australian Capital Territory – which contains the Australian capital city, Canberra, and is surrounded by the state of New South Wales – and would mean that dog parents would need to spend a minimum of three hours with their pup each day. It’s not just this, however – the legislation would cover everything from surgical debarking to the use of the best dog leashes.

“This Code aims to ensure that all dogs receive proper treatment consistent with the need to maintain their comfort, security, physical and mental wellbeing at all times,” it states. If you’d like some help yourself, here’s how to deal with a badly behaved dog, as well as lots of reasons to avoid using punishment with your pet.

The plan, which is on public exhibition until August 22, has proved divisive among pet parents with some asking how aspects of it would be enforced.

Tam Goddard, who has had her rescue Kelpie, Ruff, for seven years, told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation that the legislation “doesn’t seem to be well thought through,” asking what lawmakers define as “human contact” in the context of the code and how it would be policed.

"We have a lot of problems with the budget, with the health system. Call me a cynic, but maybe this is a diversionary tactic," she added.

However, Rhiannon Kwateng, of RSPCA ACT, supported the proposed legislation, saying that most dog parents are already spending more than three hours with their canines and that the code would ensure they all meet their pets’ mental needs.

She acknowledged that enforcement could be difficult and could be worked out once the laws are decided upon. In terms of defining “human contact,” she said: "It's just being with them. Dogs are so social and just having that moment of being in the same room is meeting their basic needs," she said. "Dogs are extremely social creatures. They love their human."

The ACT has a strong recent track record when it comes to animal welfare. In 2019, with the Animal Welfare Legislation Amendment Bill, the territory became the first jurisdiction in the world to recognize animals as sentient beings rather than property.

As part of the bill, punishments for animal cruelty were made more severe, while new offenses such as hitting or kicking an animal, abandonment, or confinement in a car likely to cause injury, stress or death were added. A person is also legally allowed to break into a car to protect an animal providing there are no other feasible options, like calling the police.

The new proposed legislation, however, goes one step further. If you’re a resident, you can have your say and tell the government what you think here.

Read next: How long can you leave a dog alone? or Australian dog breeds

As a vet with nearly 14 years of experience treating dogs of all shapes and sizes, I’ve diagnosed and managed many cases of hypothyroidism in dogs. This hormonal condition is surprisingly common in our canine companions and, if left untreated, can significantly impact their quality of life. Thankfully, with the right diagnosis and treatment plan, most dogs go on to live happy, healthy lives.

Hypothyroidism in dogs can be tricky to spot at first. The signs are often subtle and can mimic other issues, making it a bit of a diagnostic puzzle. Owners often come to me saying their dog seems "just not quite right" – maybe they've slowed down, put on weight, or their coat has lost its usual shine.

In this article, I’ll explain exactly what hypothyroidism in dogs is, what causes it, how to spot the signs, and what treatment options are available. Whether you’re worried about your own dog or simply keen to learn more, read on to find out more.

What is hypothyroidism in dogs?

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland, located in the neck, doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones – primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating your dog’s metabolism, which is essentially how their body uses energy.

When the thyroid doesn’t produce enough of these hormones, the body’s metabolic processes slow down. This affects almost every system in the body, from how your dog digests food and maintains body temperature, to how their skin and coat renew.

In dogs, hypothyroidism is almost always caused by a problem within the thyroid gland itself (known as primary hypothyroidism). It’s most commonly seen in middle-aged, medium-sized to large breed dogs, with breeds like the golden retriever, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher and cocker spaniel being more predisposed.

What are the signs of hypothyroidism in dogs?

The clinical signs of hypothyroidism in dogs can be varied and subtle at first. They tend to develop gradually, which can make it tricky for owners to spot what’s going on. You might notice one or two of the following signs initially, and more may appear over time:

• Lethargy or reduced activity levels: Dogs may seem more tired, sleep more, or be reluctant to go for walks.
• Weight gain without increased appetite: Despite eating the same (or less), your dog may gain weight.
• Hair loss: Typically symmetrical and affecting the sides of the body, tail, and back of the thighs.
• Dry, dull coat and flaky skin: You may notice dandruff or coarse, brittle fur.
• Cold intolerance: Your dog may seek out warm spots or shiver more easily.
• Slow heart rate (bradycardia): This is something a vet may pick up during a physical exam.
• Recurring skin or ear infections: Often due to poor skin health or secondary infections.
• Neurological signs: In rare cases, dogs may develop weakness, head tilt, or facial nerve paralysis.

It’s worth remembering that these signs can also be seen with other health issues, especially skin conditions, so your vet will likely recommend blood tests to confirm a diagnosis. Some owners report behavioral changes too, such as increased anxiety.

What causes hypothyroidism in dogs?

As mentioned earlier, primary hypothyroidism is the most common form in dogs – this means the problem originates in the thyroid gland itself. The two main causes of primary hypothyroidism are:

1. Lymphocytic thyroiditis

This is an autoimmune condition where the dog’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Over time, this leads to inflammation and destruction of thyroid tissue, reducing hormone production. It’s believed to be inherited in some breeds.

2. Idiopathic thyroid atrophy

In this form, the normal thyroid tissue is gradually replaced with fatty tissue, for reasons we don’t fully understand. Like lymphocytic thyroiditis, this results in a reduction of hormone production over time.

Less commonly, dogs can have secondary hypothyroidism, where the pituitary gland (which controls the thyroid) fails to produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This is rare and usually associated with brain trauma, tumors, or congenital defects.

It’s important to note that hypothyroidism in dogs is not the same as in people – in dogs, dietary iodine deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are extremely rare.

What is the best treatment for hypothyroidism in dogs?

The good news is that hypothyroidism in dogs is very manageable with the right treatment. Once diagnosed, your dog will usually need lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Here’s how we treat it:

• Levothyroxine supplementation: This is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It’s given by mouth, usually twice daily to begin with, although some dogs can eventually switch to once daily dosing. The exact dose is calculated based on your dog’s weight and individual response.
• Regular monitoring and blood tests: Your vet will need to check your dog’s thyroid hormone levels periodically, especially in the early stages, to ensure the medication is working effectively and to adjust the dose if necessary. It usually takes a few weeks to start seeing visible improvement in your dog’s energy levels and coat quality.
• Supportive care: Dogs with skin issues, infections, or weight problems may need additional supportive treatments like medicated shampoos, antibiotics, or dietary management until their hormone levels are back to normal.

With proper treatment, most dogs return to their normal selves – more energetic, healthier-looking and happier. However, it’s vital to stick to the treatment plan and not stop medication without veterinary advice.

How long can a dog live with hypothyroidism?

With a correct diagnosis and consistent treatment, dogs with hypothyroidism can live a completely normal lifespan. Once stabilized on the right dose of thyroid hormone, they can enjoy all the things they did before – whether that’s long countryside walks, playing fetch, or curling up on the sofa with you.

The key to long-term success is ongoing monitoring. Regular vet check-ups and blood tests (every six to 12 months in most cases) are essential to ensure hormone levels stay within the optimal range. If symptoms return or worsen, the dosage may need adjusting.

It’s also worth being mindful of other age-related conditions that may develop alongside hypothyroidism. Because many of the symptoms (such as lethargy or weight gain) can overlap with other diseases, it’s always a good idea to speak to your vet if you notice any changes in your dog’s health.

Hypothyroidism in dogs is a common and very treatable condition. Although the symptoms can be vague at first, with early detection and the right care, your dog can live a full and happy life.

If you’re ever concerned that your dog might be slowing down or not quite themselves, don’t hesitate to book a check-up – it’s always better to investigate sooner rather than later.

Read next: Arthritis in dogs or signs of dementia in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Emma Chandley.

It’s inevitable that dogs, like humans, will get older. It’s only natural that they’ll slow down somewhat, and might not be as physically and mentally sharp as they used to be.

While this is something we can prepare for by making sure we buy the best dog food and keeping our dogs active, some dogs develop cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). This is also known as ‘doggy dementia’ due to its similarities to dementia in humans.

Signs of dementia in dogs

Dr Charlotte Rice, in-house vet at pet supplement brand YuMOVE, has shared some of the key signs to look out for. It might not be nice to think about, but it’s important to be aware so you can help and advocate for your dog.

1. Seems lost or confused in familiar settings
If your dog appears disoriented in settings that should be familiar, it could be a sign of dementia rather than just normal aging in dogs – the changes in memory and perception it causes could mean that your dog becomes more confused.

“Confusion can be stressful for these pets, so it’s important to offer reassurance and help them feel safe when they seem unsettled,” adds Dr. Rice.

2. Becomes more snappy
If your dog seems to behave differently, perhaps being more snappy or agitated, it might be down to dog dementia. Alternatively, your dog might be less interested in things.

“You can help by watching your dog’s body language during interactions, so you can support them during situations they might struggle in,” says Dr. Rice.

3. Appears more anxious
“If your normally cuddly dog starts avoiding hugs or is pacing around nervously, they might be feeling anxious,” explains Dr Rice.

“Dogs with 'dementia' can be more sensitive to different sights and sounds, which can make them feel stressed. Creating a calm, soothing environment at home will help them relax. For some dogs, keeping up a usual routine can help them feel more safe.”

4. Seems to have memory loss
Is your dog struggling to remember learned behaviors, like familiar tricks or routines? This could be a sign of CDS. Going to the bathroom on the floor is quite common in dogs who have the condition, because they forget that they shouldn’t. If your dog is doing so, it’s best to speak to your vet.

5. Sleeps more often
If your dog starts sleeping more or has changes in their sleep pattern, they could have CDS.

“They may sleep during the day but pace restlessly or sometimes even vocalize at night, disrupting their usual cycle,” adds Dr. Rice.

6. Seems to have changes in their activity patterns
“Dogs with CDS will often behave differently in general,” explains Dr Rice. “They may be more prone to pacing or wandering, rather than resting. Some dogs may stand and stare, seemingly aimlessly. They sometimes will be less interested in activities they used to enjoy, such as playing with toys or the general environment.”

Sadly, there’s no cure for CDS or doggy dementia. However, you can work with your vet to maximize your dog’s quality of life for as long as possible and keep them happy and healthy. Above all, if you have any concerns, it’s best to speak to your vet as soon as possible.

Read next: Tips for taking care of senior dogs

Pneumonia in dogs is a condition that is commonly encountered in general practice, particularly in very young, elderly, or immunocompromised patients. It’s always a concern, but the good news is that with early detection and appropriate treatment, most dogs go on to make a full recovery.

I have been a veterinary surgeon for nearly 14 years. During this time, I’ve treated many dogs with respiratory issues, and pneumonia is one of the more serious conditions dogs can suffer. That said, it can be one of the most rewarding to treat, as dogs often respond quickly to care once the underlying cause is addressed.

In this article, I’ll take you through what pneumonia is, how to spot the signs early, and what treatment and recovery look like, so you’ll know exactly what to do if your dog is affected.

What is pneumonia in dogs?

Pneumonia in dogs is an inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, where the tiny air sacs (alveoli) become filled with fluid, pus, or other debris. This impairs your dog’s ability to breathe and get enough oxygen into their bloodstream.

There are several different types of pneumonia, but one of the most common is bacterial pneumonia, often caused by a respiratory infection or something being inhaled into the lungs (known as aspiration pneumonia). Other causes include viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, and parasitic infections, although these are far less common in the UK.

The inflammation and fluid build-up in the lungs make breathing difficult and can lead to significant respiratory distress if not addressed promptly.

What are the four stages of pneumonia in dogs?

The progression of pneumonia can vary between individuals, but it typically follows four general stages:

• Congestion stage: This is the early stage, where blood vessels in the lungs become congested and fluid starts to accumulate. Dogs may start showing mild symptoms such as lethargy, reduced appetite, and a soft cough.
• Red hepatization stage: In this phase, the lungs take on a firmer texture as red blood cells leak into the alveoli. Owners usually see more obvious respiratory symptoms like a deeper cough, increased breathing effort, and a fever.
• Grey hepatization stage: This is the peak of the illness. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils, flood the lungs, and oxygen exchange is severely impaired. Dogs are often very unwell at this stage and may require hospitalization.
• Resolution stage: If treatment is effective, inflammation begins to subside, and the body gradually clears the infection and debris from the lungs. Recovery begins here, although a cough may persist for a little while afterwards.

How would I know if my dog has pneumonia?

Signs of pneumonia can vary from subtle to severe, but some of the most common symptoms include:

• Coughing: This can range from a soft, moist cough to a harsh, hacking one. It’s often persistent and may worsen with exercise or excitement.
• Lethargy: Dogs with pneumonia are often quieter than usual and may seem reluctant to move or exercise.
• Fever: A high temperature is common, especially in bacterial pneumonia. You might notice your dog feeling warmer than usual, particularly around the ears or belly.
• Increased respiratory rate or effort: You may see your dog panting or breathing more rapidly, or using their abdominal muscles to help breathe (called “abdominal effort”). Their nostrils may flare, and they may stretch their neck out to make breathing easier.
• Nasal discharge: A thick, cloudy discharge from one or both nostrils may be present, especially in bacterial or viral infections.
• Loss of appetite and weight loss: Many dogs with pneumonia lose interest in food and may start to lose weight, particularly if the condition has been going on for a while.
• Bluish gums (cyanosis): In severe cases, low oxygen levels may cause the gums and tongue to turn blue – this is an emergency and needs immediate veterinary care.

If your dog is showing any of these signs, especially in combination, it’s important to seek veterinary attention straight away.

Can dogs recover from pneumonia?

Yes – most dogs can recover from pneumonia, especially if it’s caught early and treated appropriately. The prognosis depends on several factors, including the cause of the pneumonia, the overall health of the dog, and how quickly treatment is started.

With prompt treatment, the survival rate for bacterial pneumonia in dogs is estimated to be around 70–90%, especially in otherwise healthy individuals. However, dogs with underlying conditions or delayed diagnosis may have a poorer prognosis.

Mild cases often recover within one to two weeks, but more severe infections may take several weeks or even longer, especially if lung damage has occurred.

Treatment options

Treatment usually includes:

• Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
• Nebulization and coupage (to loosen and expel mucus)
• Oxygen therapy (for dogs in respiratory distress)
• Anti-inflammatories (if needed, and under veterinary guidance)
• Fluid therapy (to maintain hydration)
• Hospitalization (in severe cases)

During recovery, rest is essential. Avoid strenuous exercise and monitor your dog closely for any worsening signs. Your vet may recommend follow-up chest X-rays to confirm the pneumonia has fully resolved.

How do dogs get pneumonia?

There are several potential causes of pneumonia in dogs. Understanding these can help reduce the risk:

• Aspiration pneumonia: This occurs when food, liquid, vomit or medication is accidentally inhaled into the lungs. It’s more common in dogs with conditions like laryngeal paralysis, megaesophagus, or during sedation/anesthesia.
• Infectious pneumonia: Caused by viruses (e.g. canine influenza, distemper), bacteria (e.g. Bordetella bronchiseptica), or fungi (e.g. Aspergillus). These are usually spread via airborne droplets or contact with infected dogs.
• Foreign bodies: Inhaled grass seeds or other objects can trigger inflammation and secondary infection in the lungs.
• Immune suppression: Dogs with weakened immune systems (e.g. due to chemotherapy, chronic disease, or very old/young age) are more prone to respiratory infections.
• Poor ventilation and overcrowding: Dogs housed in poorly ventilated areas, such as kennels or shelters, are at greater risk of developing respiratory infections that may progress to pneumonia.

Pneumonia in dogs can be scary, but it doesn’t have to be a worst-case scenario. With early recognition and proper veterinary care, most dogs go on to recover well. It is important that owners trust their instincts.

If something seems “off” with your dog’s breathing or behavior, it’s always better to get them checked sooner rather than later. Remember, fast action can make all the difference.

Read next: Arthritis in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Overheating is dangerous for dogs and can lead to dehydration, seizures, heatstroke, and in some cases, even death. As the weather gets warmer, it becomes more important than ever to know how to keep them cool and prevent these health conditions from developing.

Thousands of dogs die from heatstroke every single year, and a recent study in the UK showed that 75% of cases were caused by exercise, 13% by environmental heat, and 5% by being trapped in hot cars.

If you don't have air conditioning at home, it can feel difficult to keep yourself cool – let alone your pets with their furry coats – but we've shared some top tips below that can help, using things you probably already have lying around.

How to keep your dog cool

Here are six easy ways to keep your dog cool in the summer, recommended by expert vet Dr Joanna Woodnutt:

1. Keep them shaded

Some dogs would rather sit in the sun all day than seek out a cool, sheltered spot. However, it’s important to keep them in the shade on hot days (even if they’d prefer to sunbathe!) – whether that means putting a canopy over their outdoor bed or putting them inside altogether. Always make sure they’re out of direct sunlight.

2. Give them a cooling mat

One of the best ways to help your dog lose heat is by giving them a cool surface to lie on – even better if it’s one of the best cooling mats for dogs. Some of these don’t even need to be put in the freezer beforehand and contain pressure-activated gel that cools when your dog lies on it.

3. Hydrate them

Keeping your dog hydrated on a hot day could save their life. As a pet parent, I know how hard it can be to encourage a dog to drink more – but things like the best pet water fountains and flavored drops have made it so much easier.

4. Get them wet

Getting your dog wet is another great way to cool them down – whether it’s playing a game in the sprinkler, gently hosing them down, or setting up one of the best swimming pools for dogs in a shady spot in the garden. Make sure the water reaches right down to their skin, as the evaporation will help cool them.

If you decide to let them run around in the sprinkler, only allow play for 10 minutes to reduce the risk of water intoxication.

5. Use a fan

There’s nothing better than a cooling fan on a hot day, and most of the time, your dog will appreciate a breeze too. However, if they’re trying to get away from the fan or are afraid of loud noises, you could try using a handheld device instead – some even have the option of misting water too.

6. Homemade ice popsicles

Did you know that dogs enjoy frozen treats just as much as we do? While you shouldn't feed them regular store-bought popsicles that contain sweeteners and ingredients toxic to dogs, you can whip up some of your own at home using a silicone mold – just pour in some water along with their regular food or treats, then freeze.

Signs of heatstroke in dogs

If your dog is panting, seeking shade, or has increased thirst, it means they're too hot and you need to reduce the temperature of their environment.

Heatstroke happens when their body temperature reaches 104–106°F (40–41°C) and they're unable to cool themselves down, which can lead to organ failure, seizures, and death. Keep an eye out for the following signs of heatstroke:

• Panting heavily
• Drooling heavily
• Seeming weak or lethargic
• Having blue, red, or purple gums that feel sticky to the touch
• Vomiting or having diarrhea
• Seeming confused or wobbly
• Shaking or having seizures
• Coughing or wheezing

In this situation, pour tap water on their body, put them in a cool and shady spot, blow air conditioning on them if you can, and take them to the vet immediately (call ahead to let them know you're on your way). Whatever you do, never put a wet towel over them – it actually has the opposite effect of what you're trying to achieve.

Being prepared for hot weather and recognizing the signs of overheating and heatstroke could save your dog’s life.

Read next: How to cool down a dog and signs it's too hot to walk your dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

We’re right in the thick of summer, and many areas have been experiencing heatwaves. Dozens of people have been hospitalized across North America in recent days, and people are being urged to keep themselves safe.

But it’s not just humans who are affected by heatwaves, of course. Our pets can suffer in the heat, too. Your dog might enjoy getting respite in the water when it’s hot, but this can also be dangerous if blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, is present – if you set your dog free from one of the best dog leashes on your walk, it’s important to keep an eye on where they’re going.

Fortunately, Dr Sean McCormack, head vet at Tails.com, has outlined the risks of blue-green algae, and we all need to know.

First of all, blue-green algae often aren’t visible to the naked eye, so you might not realize their presence. But when it blooms and forms clumps, you’ll notice its soup-like appearance and pea-green color. It shouldn’t be confused with green algae, which looks more like a stringy plant.

Not all blue-green algae are toxic, but some strains can be harmful, potentially causing the following symptoms – both humans and dogs can be affected, but the impact on dogs may be more severe:

• Vomiting and nausea
• Skin irritation
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Excessive drooling
• Disorientation or confusion
• Difficulty breathing
• Seizures
• Weakness, collapse, and unconsciousness

The toxins produced by blue-green algae can interfere with your dog’s liver function, and in some cases, exposure to these toxins can be fatal or cause serious lasting health problems.

If you are thinking of taking your dog swimming, or letting them in the water on a walk, it’s best to err on the side of caution and avoid letting them enter any water that might be suspicious. Instead, Dr McCormack advises visiting a dog-friendly swimming pool with your pup – there are lots of ways your dog benefits from swimming, so there are alternatives if you don’t want them to miss out. You could also invest in one of the best dog swimming pools for your back yard so that your dog can enjoy water safely.

“If you suspect your dog has come into contact with blue-green algae or ingested contaminated water, contact your vet immediately,” he adds. “Unfortunately, there is currently no specific antidote for blue-green algae poisoning in dogs. Prompt treatment is vital to reduce the chances of serious or lasting health effects.”

Your vet may induce vomiting if it hasn’t been long since your dog ingested the algae. If it’s a more serious case, however, a spell in intensive care may be required.

Read next: Heatstroke in dogs or 7 vet-approved ways to keep your dog cool this summer

Can dogs chew on corn cobs? It’s a question vets hear time and time again – especially during summer, when barbecues are in full swing and corn on the cob is on every plate. As a small animal vet with nearly 14 years’ experience, I’ve seen first-hand the consequences of feeding dogs well-meaning but unsuitable leftovers.

Corn cobs might seem harmless, but they can cause some issues for our canine companions including serious problems such as intestinal blockages – often requiring emergency surgery to remove. That’s why it’s so important to be well-informed about what’s safe for your dog to chew on and what’s best kept out of reach.

If your dog loves to chew, there are plenty of vet-approved options that are both safe and satisfying. You can check out some of the best long-lasting dog chews to keep your pup entertained and out of harm’s way. But first, let’s take a closer look at whether corn cobs really make the cut as a safe chew.

Can dogs chew corn cobs?

The short answer is no – dogs should not chew on corn cobs, even if they seem to enjoy them. While corn itself isn’t inherently toxic to dogs (we’ll come onto that shortly), the cob is a different story.

Corn cobs are fibrous, tough, and poorly digestible, which means that if your dog swallows a chunk – or even worse, the whole cob – it can easily become lodged in the intestines.

This can cause a dangerous gastrointestinal blockage, which is a life-threatening condition and almost always requires surgery to resolve. I’ve sadly seen many dogs rushed into theatre after snatching a cob from the bin or the BBQ leftovers, often with owners unaware of the risks until it’s too late.

Even if your dog only chews the cob and doesn’t swallow it whole, small fragments can still break off and cause internal issues, such as irritation, partial blockages, or even perforation in rare cases. So while it might seem like a harmless chew, it’s a major no-no in the vet world.

Can dogs eat corn?

So, if the cob is dangerous, what about the corn kernels themselves? Good news – dogs can eat corn, as long as it’s been properly prepared and provided it is served in moderation.

Corn is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, and essential nutrients like vitamin B and magnesium. Many commercial dog foods even contain corn as a component of their grain blend. So there’s no need to panic if your dog has nibbled a few kernels off your plate.

However, corn should always be served off the cob, plain (no butter, salt, or seasoning), and in small amounts. Too much can cause digestive upset, especially in dogs with sensitive tummies or grain intolerances. And never allow your dog to gnaw on a cob just to get at the – remove the kernels yourself first and supervise your dog while they eat.

Dangers of feeding corn to your dog

Let’s take a closer look at the main dangers of feeding corn – especially on the cob – to your dog:

• Intestinal blockage: This is the number one concern. A swallowed corn cob can get lodged in your dog’s stomach or intestines and will almost always require surgical removal. Symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. This is classed as a veterinary emergency.
• Choking hazard: Even if the cob isn’t swallowed whole, small bits can break off and pose a choking risk, especially in small breeds or enthusiastic gulpers. Ensure you know what to do if your dog is choking.
• Digestive irritation: The fibrous material of the cob can irritate the gut lining, potentially causing inflammation, vomiting, or diarrhea.
• Seasoning toxicity: Butter, salt, garlic, and spices often added to corn at barbecues can be harmful or toxic to dogs, leading to gastrointestinal upset. If your dog consumes heavily buttered corn, they may ingest too much fat, which can trigger pancreatitis – a painful and potentially serious condition requiring vet treatment. Make sure you are aware of other foods that dogs shouldn’t eat too.

If your dog has managed to grab a corn cob, it’s best to call your vet straight away, even if they seem fine initially. Early intervention can prevent a minor problem from becoming a major one.

Dog chew alternatives

If you’re looking for something safe, satisfying, and vet-approved for your dog to chew on, you’re in luck – there are plenty of safer alternatives to corn cobs available.

• Natural rubber toys: They can be stuffed with dog-safe treats or peanut butter (make sure it is xylitol-free) for a long-lasting chew that also provides mental stimulation.
• Nylon chew bones: Specifically designed to be tough and long-lasting without splintering. Make sure to pick veterinary-safe nylon chews (like those from Nylabone Puppy line), which are designed to be safe for developing teeth. Avoid very hard nylon chews that can fracture teeth, and always supervise your dog when giving a chew bone.
• Dental chews: Help keep your dog’s teeth clean while giving them something safe to gnaw on. Always make sure you choose a chew approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council.
• Raw carrots or sweet potato slices: Great natural options for dogs that love to crunch, though they should always be given under supervision.

Corn cobs might seem like a harmless leftover to toss your dog during BBQ season, but they pose serious risks that no pet parent should ignore. Dogs should never chew on corn cobs, due to the danger of intestinal blockage, choking, and digestive upset. While dogs can enjoy corn kernels in moderation, it’s essential to keep them cob-free and plain.

If you’re ever in doubt about what your dog can safely chew, stick to purpose-made chews and vet-recommended treats. Not only will your pup be safer, but you’ll avoid the stress of an unexpected trip to the emergency vet.

Read next: Best durable dog toys, why is my dog chewing rocks and can dogs have fish skins?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Brushing your teeth is one of those things you do without really thinking about it – it’s just a habit. But while most of us brush our own teeth twice a day like clockwork, how often are you brushing your dog’s?

In the UK, less than 10% of dog parents reach for the best dog toothpaste and brush those chompers, research has shown, even though not doing so can lead to health problems. Many people just aren’t aware of the importance of brushing a dog’s teeth, which is where the experts come in.

Dr Charlotte Rice, a vet with pet supplement brand YuMove, explains that it’s important to keep dog teeth clean.

“Not brushing your dog's teeth regularly can lead to a build-up of plaque and tartar, which can cause dental problems leading to bad breath, gum disease, tooth loss, and even general health problems.”

She acknowledges that brushing a dog’s teeth can be difficult, with some dogs being very energetic and others feeling distressed by it. However, you could try using a finger brush with silicone bristles, dog-specific toothbrushes, which you could move onto once your dog gets used to the process, and dog-specific toothpastes in flavors dogs enjoy – not the usual mint!

“When brushing, it’s important to stay as calm as this helps to keep your dog as relaxed as possible,” she adds. “Try to get your dog used to brushing from when they are a puppy. This said, it’s never too late to get started at any stage of your dog's life.ˮ

Dr Rice recommends trying to brush your dog’s teeth once a day, or at least three times a week – this will help reduce the risk of conditions like dog gum diseases. She adds, “The most important thing to remember if you are going to use a toothpaste, is to use one that’s specially designed for pets as human toothpastes contain xylitol, which is toxic to our furry friends.”

Meanwhile, the best dental sticks and chews are also useful, helping your dog to keep their teeth clean while giving them a treat they love. Just be mindful not to overfeed them to avoid weight gain and it’s a win-win for your pup – they shouldn’t replace brushing, however.

Read next: How to brush a dog’s teeth and How to remove tartar build-up in dogs

Would you know what to do if your dog was choking?

Choking isn’t extremely common in dogs, but it can occur when they hold things like the best dog toys in their mouths. And one dramatic video has shown how vets at Mintlaw Vet Surgery in the town of Peterhead in Scotland were able to save three-year-old Rocco after he swallowed a ball.

It all went well, thankfully, with owner Ray Howell being able to take the Doberman back home the same day. The rescue dog was adopted by his family after being abused at his previous home in the Orkney Islands, off the coast of Scotland.

Mr Howell explained: “When we met him off the ferry, this purple ball was his only possession. It was his favorite toy, and he carried it everywhere, so we’ve always made sure he had it.”

Howell returned home from work at lunchtime one day and was watching Rocco and his sister, fellow Doberman Stella, play in the yard when the accident happened. Rocco picked up both his ball and Stella’s, and then ran straight into her. Because he had both balls in his mouth, it forced his own ball down his throat.

“He was standing still, really oddly, and when I put my hand on his neck, I could feel the swelling of the bulge of the ball,” Howell recalled. “I knew I needed help fast and got him in the car without wasting any time trying to get it out.

“The vets are only a few miles away, but by the time we got there, he was only semi-conscious.”

At Mintlaw Vets, part of Pet Health Club, they sedated Rocco and began to work on releasing the ball. They applied firm upward pressure to the dog’s throat, which meant they could get the ball out of his mouth in time to save his life. After being given oxygen to help him recover, Howell could take him home that same afternoon before bringing him back for some checks the next day.

“It was all over so quickly, but it was so scary,” Howell added. “We’ve always supervised the dogs playing, which is why I saw what happened. But he’s now got balls three times the size, so there’s no danger of him swallowing one again.”

What to do when a dog is choking

Holly McKinley, deputy regional veterinary director at Pet Health Club, has urged dog parents to be careful when it comes to balls and other small toys and offers the following advice:

• Choose toys the right size for your breed.
• If in doubt, opt for a ball slightly larger than you think they might need.
• Contact your vet immediately if a ball gets lodged.
• If you can see the object, you could try to gently remove it – be careful not to push it down further or injure yourself. If in doubt, leave it and let your vet remove it as soon as possible.

Read next: Can dog’s eat sticks? Vet’s advice on risks and alternatives

Knowing how to tell it’s too hot to walk a dog is essential pup parent intel. Even if your dog is one of the best breeds for hot weather, understanding appropriate conditions for walking your pet could be the difference between the picture of health and a medical emergency.

“Dogs are prone to heatstroke when the weather’s warm, especially those who are young, old, overweight, or brachycephalic dog breeds with flat faces,” advises vet Dr Hannah Godfrey. “What’s more, sensitive dog paws can burn if the ground is too hot. That’s why it’s so important not to walk your dog in the heat of the day when the temperature is high. Instead, walk them in the early morning or evening.”

If you’re not already ‘hot’ on keeping your dog at a comfortable temperature, now’s the time to learn how to cool down a dog, as well as pick up tips on ways to keep your dog cool this summer.

Although, as with most canine ailments, prevention is better than a cure. It can be tempting to head out and enjoy the summer sun, but how do you when it’s too hot to walk a dog? Let’s take a look at the signs...

Signs it’s too hot to walk a dog

1. The ground feels hot to the touch

Have you ever walked out onto a deck or patio barefoot on a blistering hot day? If so, you’ll be familiar with the quick-stepping dance all victims perform when their sensitive soles come into contact with the ground.

It’s exactly the same case for your dog’s little toe beans, too. Their exposed pads can become scorched and sore when in prolonged contact with sun-cooked surfaces.

“If you put your hand on the sidewalk and it feels too hot for you to touch comfortably, it’s definitely too hot for your dog’s paws,” remarks Dr Godfrey. “If you think the ground might be too hot for your dog, wait a few hours until the weather cools and test again.”

2. The temperature is above 81ºF

Many dogs won’t be able to withstand a walk in 81ºF, such as the best dog breeds for cold weather with their thicker coats, or flat-faced dogs who could encounter breathing issues. However, Dr Godfrey advises that this temperature is the absolute cut-off.

“You should never walk any dog if the temperature is more than 81ºF. Ideally, dogs should be walked when the temperature is less than 68ºF, but some dogs will tolerate short walks when the temperature is a little higher.”

If you do choose to head out with the mercury at 68ºF or above, you should take a few precautions.

“Always make sure you have water freely available,” suggests Dr Godfrey. “Don’t play any high-energy games – leave the ball and your best dog toys at home – and stay in the shade wherever you can.”

3. Your dog is panting before you’ve left the house

Dogs pant to help lower their body temperature, so if your pup’s tongue is already lolling out, it’s well and truly too hot to walk a dog.

“If your dog is already panting when they’re at home, it’s too hot to take them out,” confirms Dr Godfrey. “Wait until the temperature drops and your dog has calmed and cooled down.”

4. Your dog is shade-seeking

Even if your pooch isn’t one of the smartest dog breeds, he’ll understand the cooling effect of settling down in a shady spot. Some dogs are quite ingenious at engineering some shade, and might even hunker down in the shade of your shadow on a sunny day.

It might be sweet to catch sight of your dog chilling out, but if your pooch is hellbent on finding a shady patch to lie in, it’s a tell-tale sign that he’s one hot dog.

“If your dog is restless, trying to find somewhere to cool off, and reluctant to come out of the shade, it’s not a good time to take them for a walk,” says Dr Godfrey.

If you still feel like your dog would benefit from some playtime in the yard, there’s plenty you can do to make the session a comfortable one.

“Set up a dog swimming pool or one of the best cooling mats for dogs to help them cool off,” advises Dr Godfrey.

5. It feels too hot for you

Imagine heading out in a fur coat on a hot day – it doesn’t sound too comfortable, right? If the thought of going out for a walk in the hot weather feels exhausting or a struggle for you, it’s probably too hot for your dog, too.

“If you’re drenched in sweat, remember your dog finds it even more difficult to stay cool because they can’t sweat,” says Dr Godfrey. “Take it easy and postpone the walk until the evening when the weather is cooler.”

Read next: Signs of heatstroke in dogs?

Edited by: Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

We’re all familiar with the ice bucket challenge, which became a huge viral event in 2014 with the aim of raising awareness for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS – it’s simple; you get a bucket of ice water emptied over your head, usually administered by a friend or family member.

In the decade since, there have been a few revivals, including one this year to raise money for the mental health non-profit Active Minds. But there’s been another, in which dog owners pour the water over their dogs, that’s proved popular on platforms such as TikTok.

To some people, it might seem like harmless fun, but it’s not actually a great idea. Dr Sean McCormack, head vet at Tails.com, has explained why.

“While pet-related content is hugely popular and often fun to share, suddenly pouring cold water over dogs will cause shock and unnecessary discomfort, particularly if repeated for multiple takes,” he says.

“It's important to remember that dogs may not understand what’s happening, and most will find the experience stressful. It really baffles me that dog owners would even think to do this to their own pet dog, who loves, trusts, and looks up to them as their apparent best friend.”

It’s not only Dr McCormack who’s spoken out against the trend, either. Animal welfare charity Blue Cross has advised pet parents against taking part on social media, while even TikTok itself has reminded dog parents of the potential concerns in an AI-generated search advisory.

Why the dog ice bucket challenge is not a good idea

Dr McCormack explains:

1. Temperature regulation
Dogs regulate their temperature differently from us, and the challenge could cause a rapid drop in body temperature – dogs get cold easily sometimes. For dogs with underlying health conditions, it could even cause hypothermic shock, while young dogs, older dogs, dogs with thin or short coats, and smaller breeds may also all be more at risk.

2. Respiratory issues
When you pour water over your dog’s head, there’s a risk of them inhaling it. This could lead to aspiration pneumonia, which can be serious when not treated.

3. Panic and stress
Dogs don’t understand social media trends and can’t consent to taking part. The surprise of the cold water could be interpreted as a threat or punishment, lead to a fear of water or buckets, cause out-of-character behavior, or affect the bond between dog and human.

4. Ice cube injuries
Small ice cubes in water bowls can be great to help keep dogs cool – dogs can eat ice cubes, too – but large or broken pieces can be choking hazards, cause a slip or fall, or injure a dog’s paw pads.

And, as McCormack summarizes: “Instead of chasing viral fame at the expense of a pet’s wellbeing, owners are encouraged to prioritize the safety of their pup. There are plenty of ways to showcase pets on social media that are both entertaining and respectful of their needs.”

Why not try this as a more dog-friendly alternative? 10 frozen dog treats and ice-cream recipes to try making at home

Deafness in dogs can be distressing for both you and your furry friend, but with the right support, deaf dogs can go on to live happy, fulfilling lives. Whether your dog was born deaf or lost their hearing later in life, understanding the condition is the first step towards managing it confidently and compassionately.

As a vet with over a decade of experience in small animal practice, I’ve worked with countless dogs coping with hearing loss. I’ve seen first-hand how deafness affects not just their day-to-day lives, but also their relationships with their owners.

The good news is that dogs are incredibly adaptable creatures. With some thoughtful adjustments and plenty of patience, they can thrive even without their hearing.

In this article, we’ll explore what deafness in dogs actually means, how to recognize the signs, what causes it, and – crucially – what you can do to help if your dog is affected. Whether you’re worried about your own dog’s hearing or just curious to learn more, read on for a vet’s guide to navigating life with a deaf dog.

What is deafness in dogs?

Deafness in dogs refers to a partial or complete loss of hearing. It can affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral), and it may be present from birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired). Some dogs may be completely deaf, while others have a reduced ability to hear certain pitches or volumes.

Hearing in dogs works much like it does in people. Sound waves travel into the ear canal, vibrate the eardrum, and are converted into electrical signals that travel via the auditory nerve to the brain. Any disruption along this pathway, whether due to physical damage, nerve problems, or changes in the brain, can lead to hearing loss.

Deafness isn’t always easy to spot, especially if it develops gradually or only affects one ear. That’s why it’s important for owners to be aware of the potential signs and seek veterinary advice if they suspect a problem.

What are the signs of deafness in dogs?

Some signs of deafness in dogs can be subtle, particularly early on or if hearing loss is partial. Here are some common clues that your dog may be struggling to hear:

• Not responding to their name or verbal commands: A previously obedient dog suddenly ignoring you might be more than just stubbornness; it could be hearing loss.
• Sleeping through loud noises: Dogs with normal hearing are easily roused by sounds like doorbells or vacuum cleaners. A deaf dog may remain fast asleep.
• Startling easily when touched: If your dog doesn’t hear you approaching, they may jump when you touch them unexpectedly.
• Unusual barking: Some deaf dogs bark excessively, while others may start to vocalize in a different tone or volume.
• Tilting the head or showing signs of disorientation: If only one ear is affected, your dog might tilt their head or struggle with balance.
• Failure to respond to squeaky toys or environmental sounds: If your dog no longer shows interest in toys that previously excited them, it could be a red flag.

How do dogs become deaf?

There are a number of reasons a dog might lose their hearing, and these can be broadly divided into congenital (present from birth) and acquired (developing later in life) causes.

Congenital deafness is often genetic and commonly associated with coat color. It’s more prevalent in dogs with white or merle coats due to a lack of pigment-producing cells in the inner ear, which are essential for hearing.

Acquired deafness can result from:

• Chronic ear infections: Ongoing inflammation or untreated infections can damage the structures of the ear.
• Trauma or injury: Head trauma or loud noise exposure (like fireworks or gunshots) can lead to permanent damage.
• Age-related changes (presbycusis): Just like in people, dogs often lose some hearing as they get older. Read up on ways to take care of senior dogs to make sure you are supporting dogs as they age as much as possible.
• Ototoxic drugs: Some medications, including certain antibiotics or diuretics, can damage the ear.
• Tumors: Growths in or near the ear canal or brain can interfere with the hearing pathway.
• Wax build-up or foreign bodies: While usually temporary, blockages in the ear canal can also impair hearing. Cleaning your dog’s ears regularly can help combat the build-up of wax.

What can you do if your dog goes deaf?

If you think your dog has gone deaf, don’t panic. Dogs are incredibly resilient, and there are lots of things you can do to support them:

• Get a proper diagnosis: Visit your vet for a thorough examination. They may recommend tests such as a BAER (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response) test to assess your dog’s hearing.
• Adjust your training methods: Use hand signals, body language, and visual cues instead of voice commands. Dogs are very good at reading our gestures once they learn what they mean.
• Use vibration or light for communication: A gentle stomp on the floor can create a vibration that gets your dog’s attention. You can also try flashing a torch to call them from a distance. Always be careful not to shine in directly in their eyes.
• Keep them safe: Deaf dogs are at greater risk of accidents as they can’t hear dangers like cars. Always walk them on a leash and make sure your garden is secure.
• Avoid startling them: Approach your dog gently from the front and wake them with a soft touch or vibration so they don’t get frightened.
• Use scent and touch: Incorporating smells and physical contact into training and bonding can help strengthen your communication.
• Consider professional support: Working with a trainer experienced in deaf dogs can make a world of difference.
• Wear a special ID tag: Include a note that your dog is deaf, along with your contact details, in case they get lost (like this one from Amazon).

Can deafness in dogs be cured?

The answer depends on the underlying cause. If deafness is due to a temporary issue, like wax build-up or an infection, it can often be reversed with appropriate treatment.

However, if the hearing loss is due to congenital factors, nerve damage, or age-related degeneration, it’s usually permanent. Unfortunately, there’s currently no reliable surgical or medical cure for most types of permanent deafness in dogs.

That said, deaf dogs can lead full and joyful lives. With some simple adjustments, most adapt incredibly well and can still enjoy walks, playtime, and affection just like any other dog.

What dog breeds are prone to deafness?

Certain breeds have a higher risk of congenital deafness, particularly those with a piebald or merle coat pattern. These include:

• Dalmatians (one of the most commonly affected breeds – up to 30% may be born with some level of deafness).
• English Setters
• Australian Cattle dogs (Blue Heelers)
• Border Collies
• Bull Terriers
• Jack Russell Terriers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Great Danes
• Boston Terriers

It is important to remember, that just because a breed is predisposed doesn’t mean every individual dog will be affected. Breeders should carry out hearing tests in susceptible breeds to reduce the risk of passing on deafness genetically.

Deafness in dogs can be worrying for any pet owner, but it doesn’t have to define your dog’s quality of life. With the right support, patience, and a few adjustments at home, deaf dogs can continue to live full, happy, and enriching lives.

If you ever suspect your dog is losing their hearing, don’t hesitate to speak to your vet – early recognition and a tailored care plan can make a world of difference.

Read next: Aging in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

If you've noticed your dog experiencing symptoms like excessive scratching and licking, there's a chance they could have seasonal allergies. While it's always important to consult your vet rather than self-diagnosing, there are a few things you can do to help in the meantime – such as wiping down their paws after walks and keeping their skin barrier healthy.

Unfortunately, there's no one-size-fits-all solution for every dog – what works well for one might make no difference to another. That’s why it’s always best to work alongside an expert, who can provide a customized treatment plan to follow.

Vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan says: "Your vet will need to examine your pet and assess them for any complicating factors such as parasites or secondary yeast and bacterial infections. It is important that these are ruled out and treated before concentrating on the suspected allergy issue."

However, if you're curious about the type of treatments and solutions that a professional might offer, we've rounded up some options to treat seasonal allergies below. From soothing shampoo to omega-3 supplements – here are some over-the-counter products that could help a dog with allergies.

How to help a dog with seasonal allergies

1. Rinse when you get home

If your dog suffers from mild allergy symptoms, Dr MacMillan says it could be helpful to rinse their paws and belly after walks. While you won’t want to bathe them too frequently – as this can strip their skin of protective natural oils – it can still help remove irritating pollen. You might also want to try a soothing oatmeal or coconut oil-based shampoo.

2. Protect the skin barrier

By improving the health of your dog's skin barrier, you'll help protect them more effectively against allergens. To support their skin and coat condition, consider switching to a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids or investing in a high-quality supplement, which also offers natural anti-inflammatory benefits.

Dr MacMillan says: "I always tell owners that any improvement may not be seen straight away, but could take up to six to eight weeks. There is no disadvantage to increasing your dog’s intake of essential fatty acids, so I recommend this to most owners of allergic pets."

3. Wipe their paws on the go

As we mentioned previously, washing your dog's paws and belly can be a total game-changer for seasonal allergies. However, if you're on the go and don't have access to a bath straight away, you can use a pack of wipes to get the job done quickly.

Never use human wipes – they're not formulated for your dog's skin pH and can cause further irritation, especially if they contain fragrances and dyes. Dogs are prone to licking their paws, and some wipes contain harmful ingredients that are toxic if ingested.

4. Wash soft furnishings

Pollen can settle on surfaces in your home, so it's a good idea to regularly wash soft furnishings, like your dog's bed. You might want to consider drying it indoors or using a tumble dryer to avoid further pollen contamination on the line outside.

Dr MacMillan adds, "There are lots of other treatments that can also control symptoms of allergies. Monoclonal antibodies, glucocorticoids (‘steroids’), antihistamines, and various other licensed allergy medications can reduce itchiness and make your dog much more comfortable.

"Your vet will be able to discuss the pros and cons of these different therapies with you. Remember that each case is individual, and what might work well for one dog may not be so good for another."

While there may not be a cure for seasonal allergies, most can be managed with a vet’s guidance and a combination of treatments.

Looking for more expert advice? Read our vet's guide to skin allergies in dogs and food allergies in dogs. Or, if you're thinking about switching your pup's diet, read our top picks of the best dog food for allergies

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

This feature was last updated in May 2025 by Megan Milstead.

Arthritis in dogs is one of the most common chronic conditions seen in veterinary practice, especially in older dogs. It’s a progressive, degenerative joint disease that can cause joint pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving around – often before dog owners even realize anything is wrong. Understanding how to spot the early signs and what you can do to help your dog live a full life with arthritis is key.

I have been working as a vet in general practice for over 13 years. During this time, I’ve treated countless dogs with arthritis – from young, active dogs with early-onset joint disease to elderly companions who just need a little extra support in their golden years. Managing arthritis in dogs is something I’m truly passionate about, because with the right approach, we can really improve their comfort and wellbeing.

In this article, I’ll walk you through exactly what arthritis in dogs is, how to recognize the signs, what the stages of the condition look like, how to manage it effectively, and what to expect as the condition progresses. Whether your dog has just been diagnosed or you’re worried they might be starting to show signs, you’ll find the information and reassurance you need to support them every step of the way.

What is arthritis in dogs?

Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a long-term condition where the smooth cartilage that cushions the joints experiences unwanted changes or becomes damaged and starts to break down.

Over time, this causes inflammation, pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It’s most common in older dogs, but younger dogs can also be affected – especially if they’ve had joint injuries, developmental issues (like elbow or hip dysplasia), or are overweight.

Arthritis can affect one or more joints. The most common joints affected include the elbows, hips, knees, and spine. As the cartilage wears away in the joints, this allows for bone to rub against bone, leading to joint pain and further joint damage.

In response, the body often tries to stabilize the joint by producing extra bone, which only makes the situation worse. It’s a vicious cycle – but one we can manage with the right support, like giving them the best joint supplements for dogs.

Signs of arthritis in dogs

Dogs are often incredibly good at hiding pain, so it’s up to us as owners to spot the more subtle signs. Here are some common signs of arthritis in dogs:

• Stiffness, especially after resting or in the morning
• Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or go for walks
• General limping or lameness
• Slowing down on walks or tiring more quickly
• Difficulty getting up or lying down
• Behavioral changes – becoming more withdrawn, aggressive, irritable or anxious
• Muscle loss around the affected joints
• Licking or chewing at joints
• Audible joint clicking or popping

If you’ve noticed any of these symptoms, it’s best to book a check-up with your vet. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a huge difference to your dog’s comfort and mobility.

Stages of arthritis in dogs

Arthritis tends to develop gradually, and we can roughly divide it into four stages:

Stage 1 – Early/Preclinical

Minimal cartilage damage. Dogs may show no obvious symptoms, though subtle changes like stiffness after rest or reduced enthusiasm on walks might be present. Although there may not be much obvious at home, your vet will be able to pick up signs on X-rays or joint palpation at this stage.

Stage 2 – Mild

Mild cartilage degradation. Dogs may start to show signs more consistently – occasional limping, slight difficulty getting up, or slower movement after exercise.

Stage 3 – Moderate

Noticeable cartilage loss and joint inflammation have occurred now. Dogs are clearly lame at times, show reduced activity, and often appear in pain. Muscle loss and joint thickening may be visible, and they may struggle with everyday activities like climbing stairs.

Stage 4 – Severe

Severe cartilage loss and bone changes. Chronic pain is present even at rest. Dogs may be reluctant to move at all and may need daily pain relief and mobility support. Quality of life becomes a key consideration at this stage.

How to manage a dog with arthritis

There’s no cure for arthritis, but the good news is there are many ways we can help dogs live well with the condition. Management is multimodal – meaning a combination of different treatments works best. Options for management include:

• Pain relief and anti-inflammatories: NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are the mainstay of arthritis treatment. They reduce inflammation and improve mobility. Other pain relief options include gabapentin or amantadine in more advanced cases.
• Weight control: Extra weight puts added strain on arthritic joints. Keeping your dog lean is one of the most effective ways to slow arthritis progression and reduce pain.
• Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy: These therapies help build muscle, improve mobility, and reduce pain. Hydrotherapy is particularly useful as it allows dogs to exercise without putting weight on their joints.
• Environmental modifications: Ramps, non-slip flooring, raised food bowls, and supportive orthopedic bedding can all make life easier for an arthritic dog at home.
• Surgery: In some cases, particularly with underlying conditions like cruciate ligament disease or elbow dysplasia, surgical options may be appropriate. Your vet will discuss this with you if necessary.
• Joint supplements: Joint supplements for dogs, like glucosamine, chondroitin, green-lipped mussel extract, and omega-3 fatty acids can help support joint health and reduce inflammation. They’re best started early and used long-term.

How long will a dog with arthritis live?

Many dogs with arthritis go on to live long, happy lives – especially with early diagnosis and good management. It is natural to panic when hearing that your dog is affected by arthritis, but it's important to remember there are lots of management options. I regularly see elderly arthritic dogs enjoying walks, cuddles, and treats well into their senior years.

All that being said, arthritis is a progressive condition, and as it advances, it can significantly affect quality of life. When pain is no longer manageable – despite medications and therapies – it’s time for an honest discussion about quality of life.

In some extreme or end-stage cases, euthanasia may be the kindest option. Especially if your dog is struggling daily and no longer enjoying life. Your vet will guide you through this decision with compassion and be by your side every step of the way.

If your dog has been diagnosed with arthritis, you’re not alone – and there are so many ways to help them cope. The most important thing is to keep talking to your vet, stay consistent with treatment, and make adjustments at home that support your dog’s comfort. With the right care, dogs with arthritis can still enjoy all the things they love most and continue to live a comfortable and content life.

Read next: Obesity in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

As a vet, obesity in dogs is something I encounter all too often in practice, and it’s a growing problem among our canine companions. In my job, I see first-hand the impact that carrying extra weight can have on a dog’s health and wellbeing.

I have been qualified for more than 13 years and have worked with many dog owners to create tailored weight loss plans – combining nutrition advice, exercise regimes, and regular monitoring using the best scales for pets. It’s so rewarding to see a dog’s transformation – particularly in their energy levels and quality of life.

Whether you’re worried your dog is carrying a few extra pounds, or you’re trying to help them slim down, it’s important to understand what obesity means and how it can be managed. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is one of the best ways to help them live a long, happy life – and you can learn more below:

What is obesity in dogs?

Obesity in dogs is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat to the point that it negatively affects their health. It’s more than just being a bit overweight – obesity means your dog has too much fat stored in their body, putting strain on their organs, joints, and overall function. A dog is generally considered obese when they weigh 20% or more above their ideal body weight.

There are a few key factors that contribute to obesity in dogs. The most common cause is an imbalance between the calories they consume and the energy they expend.

In other words, if your dog eats more calories than they burn off through exercise and daily activity, those extra calories get stored as fat. Other causes include underlying health issues such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease and certain medications.

It’s important to distinguish obesity from simply being overweight. An overweight dog carries a few extra pounds, while an obese dog carries significantly more fat, leading to measurable health risks. Both conditions need attention, but obesity can be particularly damaging and harder to reverse.

Risks of obesity in dogs

Carrying excess weight puts your dog at risk of several serious health conditions, including:

• Arthritis and joint problems: Extra weight puts more strain on your dog’s joints, leading to joint pain and reduced mobility.
• Diabetes mellitus: Obese dogs are more likely to develop diabetes due to the way fat affects insulin regulation.
• Heart and respiratory disease: Excess fat can make it harder for the heart and lungs to function efficiently.
• Reduced heat tolerance: Obese dogs struggle to regulate their body temperature, increasing their risk of dog heatstroke.
• High blood pressure: Obesity is linked to hypertension in dogs, which can have knock-on effects on other organs.
• Increased anesthetic risk: If your dog needs surgery, being overweight makes anesthesia riskier.
• Reduced quality of life: Obese dogs often have less energy and less stamina, and can struggle to enjoy normal activities.

Life expectancy of overweight dogs

It’s heartbreaking to think that excess weight could shorten your dog’s life, but unfortunately, research shows that overweight dogs may live up to two years less than their ideal-weight counterparts. Obesity increases the likelihood of developing chronic conditions that can ultimately reduce both lifespan and quality of life.

Even mild obesity has been linked to a shorter lifespan, so tackling weight issues early is crucial. By helping your dog reach and maintain a healthy weight, you’re giving them the best chance of a long, happy life.

Signs of obesity in dogs

Obesity in dogs can sometimes creep up gradually, it’s important to watch out for signs that your dog may be carrying too much weight. These include:

• A lack of visible waist when viewed from above
• No obvious tummy tuck when viewed from the side
• Difficulty feeling the ribs without pressing firmly
• Reduced stamina and reluctance to exercise
• Panting more than usual during mild exertion
• Difficulty jumping up onto furniture or into the car
• Sleeping more and being less playful
• Signs of discomfort such as joint pain
• Skin issues, in some dogs, obesity can lead to skin problems including infections

How to tell if a dog is obese

The best way to tell if your dog is obese is by using a combination of weighing and body condition scoring (BCS). Your vet can show you how to perform a BCS at home – this involves feeling your dog’s ribs, looking for a waistline, and assessing their body shape from above and the side.

Ideally, you should be able to feel your dog’s ribs easily without a thick layer of fat covering them, and they should have a visible waist behind the ribs. If the ribs are difficult to feel and the waist has disappeared, your dog may be overweight or obese.

The exact ideal weight for each individual dog depends entirely on the breed, age, sex, and body shape of the dog – there is no one-size-fits-all number.

Monitoring your dog’s weight regularly is key to spotting changes early. Regular weigh-ins at your vet or at home using pet scales can help you keep track. If you’re unsure what your dog’s ideal weight should be, ask your vet for guidance based on their breed, age, and body condition.

How can I help my dog to lose weight?

Helping your dog lose weight is a gradual process that requires commitment and consistency, but it’s well worth the effort. Here are some key steps to success:

• Visit your vet for a weight loss plan: Your vet can calculate how much weight your dog needs to lose and recommend a suitable daily calorie intake – here is more information about how much to feed a dog.
• Switch to a weight management diet: Special veterinary diets are formulated to be lower in calories but still filling and nutritious.
• Track progress regularly: Weigh your dog every couple of weeks and keep a record of their weight loss journey.

• Cut out extra treats: Avoid feeding table scraps and high-calorie treats. Instead, use healthy alternatives like carrot sticks or cucumber.
• Increase exercise gradually: Build up your dog’s activity levels with more frequent walks, gentle play, and low-impact exercises.
• Feed a measured amount of food: Weigh your dog’s food accurately rather than guessing, and stick to their daily allowance.
• Stay positive and patient: Weight loss takes time, so celebrate small milestones and keep going.

Helping your dog maintain a healthy weight is one of the most important steps you can take to support their long-term health and happiness. Canine obesity is a growing concern and can lead to a variety of serious health problems.

Fortunately, healthy weight loss is achievable with the right support, diet, and lifestyle changes. If you're unsure where to begin, speak to your vet – they will always be happy to help.

Read next: Things you can do to help your dog lose weight and ways to workout with your pet. Or, learn about hypothyroidism in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

In hot weather, you may be wondering, "Can dogs eat ice cream?" You're not the only one. Many pet parents think nothing of sharing a tasty cold treat with their pooch.

However, there are some things to be aware of when it comes to giving your dog ice cream. Ice cream contains dairy, which is one of the things that dogs should never eat, as it can cause an upset stomach or diarrhea.

We spoke to vet Dr Hannah Godfrey to find out why ice cream isn't the best choice for dogs and what pet parents can offer instead. Keep reading to find out what she had to say.

Can dogs eat ice cream?

So, what's the bottom line: should dogs eat ice cream or not? We would advise against feeding your dog ice cream. As we mentioned earlier, dairy is hard for dogs to digest.

If it's chocolate ice cream, this can be very dangerous to dogs. Chocolate contains xylitol, which is toxic to dogs. Other flavors may also contain nuts, which can be difficult for dogs to digest.

Dr Hannah Godfrey remembers a dog she treated for diarrhea.

"The owner was at a loss, but it turned out that they’d been sharing their ice cream with the dog almost every day. Once they stopped, the diarrhea cleared up, and the dog lost a lot of weight."

Ice cream is also high in sugar and fat, which can quickly cause your dog to gain weight.

What to do if your dog eats ice cream

If your dog sneaks a lick of vanilla ice cream, they will most likely be fine. If your dog has ingested something toxic, such as chocolate ice cream or ice cream containing xylitol, you should monitor them for signs of illness, such as vomiting or diarrhea.

If you notice your dog is exhibiting either of these signs, be sure to take them to the vet right away.

Dog-friendly ice cream alternatives

When it comes to cooling down a dog in hot weather, pet parents will often turn to frozen treats. That's no problem, as long as it dog-friendly treat.

There are several dog-friendly ice cream options on the market. Some of these do still contain dairy, so be sure to read the ingredient label. Dr Godfrey also notes that you can make your own dog-friendly ice cream at home by simply mashing up a banana and freezing it. We've rounded up frozen dog treats that you can make that your pooch is sure to love.

Dr Godfrey also suggests, "Offer your dog ice cubes made from stock (make sure it’s low-fat and low salt), or freeze some of your pet’s favorite toys."

Read next: Can dogs eat ice cubes? Can dogs have fish skins?

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

Self-care and wellness are very popular right now, and for good reason – it’s always important to take time out for ourselves and put our own needs first. But do you think your dog would like to join you?

Dog wellness routines are becoming rather trendy on social media, particularly TikTok, as more dog owners want to keep their pups happy, healthy, and free from stress with everything from the best dog shampoo to a full dog pamper session. However, dogs probably aren’t going to want exactly the same treatment as humans, as one expert explains.

Helen Webb, a spokesperson for YuMove, the pet supplement brand, says that we don’t need to go totally overboard when it comes to canine wellness. Rather, there can actually be too much of a good thing.

“Dog wellness routines are a fun social media trend, but they arenʼt actually needed to ensure you have a relaxed and happy dog,” she says. “In fact, if youʼre doing them too regularly, they could have a negative effect as they could strip your dog of the natural oils it needs to keep its coat soft and shiny. It could also potentially leave them irritated and itchy.”

For a lot of dogs, bathing is required only when they’re muddy after a walk or if they’re starting to get too much of that all-too-familiar ‘doggy smell’.

If you are going to pamper your pup, Webb advises using a shampoo that’s been formulated for dogs, because products designed for humans could make your dog’s skin dry, itchy, or irritated, and potentially lead to scratching or dog dandruff.

However, one thing Webb recommends trying with your dog is meditation – you might find that it helps with stress and anxiety in dogs.

“Meditating with your dog doesnʼt have to be in the traditional sense,” she says. “Just sharing a moment with them, mindful petting, and matching their breathing can help you both to relax and bond.

“Another way to practice meditation with your dog is by mindfully petting them. Petting your dog could cause you to release oxytocin, which bonds you together and lowers stress.”

There’s no need to go overboard, giving your dog the sort of spa day even most humans don’t get around to, but you might find that they benefit from a meditation session as well as the occasional bath as and when required – take a look at these 32 ways to destress your dog for more advice.

Read next: Everything I learned about grooming while running a pet health spa and how you can do it at home

Dogs can’t tell us when they’re unwell, and it isn’t always easy for us to work out if there’s an issue.

Take ear infections as an example. They’re fairly common in dogs, but we won’t necessarily pick up on the signs of an ear infection straightaway. When a dog shakes their head and scratches their ears, as they might when there’s an infection, we can write it off as usual canine behavior.

However, untreated infections can be dangerous, leading to hearing loss, chronic pain, and sometimes even the need for surgery. Realizing that your dog might have an ear infection and getting them to the vet can save a lot of time and effort in the long run, and spare them a lot of pain and discomfort.

According to research by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) from 2021, ear infections are the second most common specific disorder in UK dogs, with one in every 14 dogs suffering.

So we can best help our pups, Dr Aimee Warner, resident vet at UK-based pet insurance company Waggel, has offered three things every dog owner should know about ear infections. Let’s take a closer look here:

1. Some breeds are more susceptible
“The RVC study revealed that certain breeds are significantly more predisposed to ear infections,” Dr Warner says. “Basset hounds are 5.6 times more likely to develop ear infections compared to crossbreeds, while Labrador Retrievers, golden retrievers, and Cocker Spaniels all showed elevated risk.”

Dogs with pendulous, or floppy, ears, and those with hair-filled ear canals, are particularly susceptible because of reduced airflow and moisture retention.

2. Symptoms can be subtle at first
Many of the early signs, like scratching and head shaking, can be dismissed. The more obvious symptoms, like redness, swelling, discharge, and odor, tend to appear later on.

“By this stage, the infection is typically more difficult to treat and may have already caused significant discomfort,” says Dr Warner.

3. Recurrence is common when not addressed
“Without identifying and managing predisposing factors, ear infections in dogs often recur,” she explains. “Addressing underlying causes, such as allergies, swimming habits, or anatomical features, is essential to prevent chronic ear issues.”

So, to help your pup, what can you do? Dr Warner recommends the following:

• Regularly check your dog's ears – they should be odorless, relatively clean, and pale pink.
• Gently clean ears, particularly after swimming or bathing, and never use cotton swabs too deeply – here’s how to clean dog ears
• Address underlying allergies with advice from your vet.
• Learn the early warning signs for infection, like head shaking, redness, and ear scratching – why is my dog shaking his head?
• Use vet-approved products for preventative ear cleaning if your dog is from a high-risk breed.
• Seek veterinary attention at the first sign of discomfort.

Read next: Ear mites in dogs and deafness in dogs

What should dogs drink? It's a question you may well be asking if you have a beloved canine companion in your life and are worried that the same old water in their bowl every day may start to feel a little boring!

Well, the good news is that fresh, clean water served in a dish or free-flowing from one of the best pet water fountains will always be the number one choice of hydration where your dog's concerned.

However, that doesn't mean you can't give your pup delicious liquid treats from time to time. In fact, things like bone broth, certain herbal teas and nutritious coconut water can all be enjoyed in moderation.

To help you in your quest for non-water options to quench your dog's thirst, we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she outlines all the drinks that are safe for your pup, which ones to steer clear of and reveals whether dogs ever get bored of drinking water. Let's dive in...

What should dogs drink?

Just like us, it's important that our dogs stay well hydrated. Here are the beverages that are safe for your canine companion to consume:

1. Fresh, clean water

According to Dr MacMillan, nothing beats water when it comes to keeping your dog's body running smoothly.

"The best thing for dogs to drink is fresh, clean water, which should always be available to them, even when offering other fluids," she says.

2. Bone broth

Homemade bone broth is a liquid that's made by boiling the bones and connective tissues of animals in water. And the good news is, it's safe for your dog to drink.

"Bone broth is a safe occasional treat that is rich in health-boosting nutrients like protein and collagen," Dr MacMillan explains.

3. Herbal teas, such as peppermint

Who knew that our dogs could enjoy herbal tea just as much as we do?

"Dogs can have moderate amounts of many caffeine-free herbal teas such as chamomile, ginger, and peppermint, if you cool the drink down before offering it," says Dr. MacMillan.

Just be sure to check that the herbal tea you're wanting to give your dog is safe for them to drink as some herbs and spices aren't suitable for dogs.

4. Ice cubes and popsicles

Can dogs eat ice cubes and popsicles? Dr MacMillan says they can make a fantastic treat in hot weather.

"Icy snacks can be a great way of keeping dogs cool, as well as mentally stimulated, during the summer months."

5. Homemade fruit or vegetable juice

When it comes to homemade fruit and vegetable juices, Dr MacMillan says these are safe to consume in small amounts – with one exception.

"Steer clear of grape juice, which is toxic."

6. Puppy milk

"Puppies that are being hand-reared will need to drink puppy milk, which is specially formulated to support their growth and digestion," explains Dr MacMillan.

While adult dogs can also consume puppy milk as an occasional treat in small amounts, it's high in fat and therefore should not be given to dogs with a history of pancreatitis. Be sure to check with your vet that puppy milk is safe for your adult dog before giving it to them.

7. Coconut water

Can dogs drink coconut water? They sure can!

"This sweet, nutty water contains electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and can be enjoyed by dogs in moderation," Dr MacMillan advises.

What dogs shouldn't drink

Now that you know what drinks are safe for your canine companion to consume, here's a list of beverages that aren't suitable for dogs.

1. Milk (both dairy and non-dairy)

Can dogs drink milk?

"Cow’s milk can cause digestive upset in lactose-intolerant dogs, plus both dairy and nut/soy milks will add additional calories to your pet’s diet, leading to weight gain," Dr MacMillan explains.

2. Alcohol

When it comes to drinks and foods that dogs should never eat, alcohol is right up there on the list.

"Dogs are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than we are and could suffer from ethanol toxicity," says Dr MacMillan.

3. Caffeinated beverages

"Caffeine is dangerous for dogs, who are much more sensitive to its effects than we are," Dr MacMillan explains.

For that reason, you'll want to make sure your pup doesn't try to join you for your morning Cup of Joe!

4. Sugary or flavored drinks

"These beverages offer no nutritional value, with high sugar levels contributing to weight gain, and the xylitol found in some sugar-free alternatives being toxic to dogs," says Dr MacMillan.

5. Toilet water

According to Dr MacMillan, not only is toilet water unhygienic "but it could also contain chemical cleaning products that could be harmful to your dog’s health."

What should puppies drink?

Bringing home a puppy for the first time can be so exciting, but it can be confusing, too. What should your new fur friend be drinking? And for how long? Dr MacMillan breaks this down for us below:

0–4 weeks old: Puppies at this age will be getting all their fluid intake from their mother’s milk, or from an appropriate puppy milk replacer if they are being hand reared.

4–8 weeks old: Puppies at four to eight weeks of age will start to lap at water and eat solid foods, gradually decreasing the intake of milk from their mother.

8+ weeks: Puppies are fully weaned at this age and will now only require water to drink.

What is the best thing to hydrate a dog?

While it can be tempting to offer your dog other liquids to add variety into their diet, Dr MacMillan says the best thing to give a thirsty dog will always be fresh, clean water.

"Other liquids could be off-putting and reduce their willingness to drink, especially if your dog has never been offered them before," she explains. "If your dog is unwell or severely dehydrated, then oral fluids are often not enough. These dogs will require rehydration with intravenous fluids administered in a veterinary hospital."

Dehydration in dogs can be serious or even fatal, so if you've noticed your pup isn't drinking or they're not drinking as much as they used to, be sure to seek advice from your vet.

Do dogs get bored of water?

Imagine if you had to eat and drink the same thing every day. You'd likely be bored out of your mind, right? It's easy to transfer that feeling onto your dog and to think that they probably feel the same way, but the good news is that Dr MacMillan says she doesn't believe dogs get bored with water.

"I have never known a dog to let themselves get thirsty or dehydrated because they find water dull," she explains. "Dogs may enjoy the taste of other drinks, but this doesn’t mean they think water is boring. I recommend that all dog owners stick to water as much as possible, as this is the healthiest and safest option for them."

Check out our guide to how much water should a dog drink to make sure your canine companion is getting enough of the wet stuff each day

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Of course, you love your dog – that’s not under debate, but here are a few things your dog hates that you might be doing. You feed them healthy treats, buy them the best dog toys, and maybe even let them nap on the sofa. But despite your best intentions, there’s a high chance you’re doing several things that secretly drive your pup up the wall.

Don’t panic, this isn’t a guilt trip! Most dog owners unwittingly commit these minor canine crimes daily – they’re annoying rather than alarming. But a little knowledge about what dogs do and don’t like goes a long way in keeping your four-legged friend happy and stress-free.

From irregular walking patterns to inconsistent house rules, there are plenty of things your dog wishes you’d stop doing. Some might come as a surprise, others will make you laugh, and a few may even make you rethink how you behave around your pup.

Let’s take a look at 20 things your dog wishes you’d stop doing to help you be the best dog owner you can...

Things your dog hates

1. Skipping walks ‘just this once’

If there’s one thing guaranteed to put your dog in a sulk, it’s not going out for a walk. Many dogs will sit by the door wearing a beseeching expression or whine at you if they think you might have forgotten about their outing, and the more resourceful ones will even go and find their leash to remind you.

Of course, the length and frequency of walks will depend on the age, health, and individual activity levels of each dog, but daily walks are almost always essential for mental and physical stimulation. Don’t let your pup down.

If you're not feeling the magic of walking each day, why not try to build self-care into your dog walk? Listen to a book, a podcast, or even learn a new language to make it more enjoyable for you.

2. Inconsistent mealtimes

Although most adult dogs don’t require meals three times like we humans, they definitely get hungry – very! Sticking to a feeding schedule or routine will make sure that their meals are appropriately spaced, which is good for their digestion, bathroom habits and overall wellbeing.

It provides them with a sense of security and predictability, and can reduce anxiety related to food. You don’t want them getting “hangry”.

3. Forcing cuddles

Some dogs love a cuddle, but by no means all. And however much you may enjoy picking your dog up for a hug, many canines do not like being carried. For the large breed dogs in particular, it can be uncomfortable, disorientating, and even painful. It tends to depend on both their breed and personality.

Look out for warning signs that your dog is stressed or not enjoying the physical affection as much as you are, such as turning his head away, licking his lips, and nervously looking around.

4. Wearing strong fragrances

A doggy home isn’t always the most sweetly scented, so it’s understandable we might relish a spritz of a nice perfume that will waft around us. However, given that a dog’s sense of smell is vastly superior to a human’s, just imagine how overpowering our expensive sprays might be to their sensitive noses.

They can detect scents at incredibly low concentrations, and often find the strength of our perfumes overwhelming, irritating, and even stressful.

5. Leaving them alone

However independent your dog might like you to think he is when he dashes off on a walk, they are pack animals who thrive on company. Many dogs suffer separation anxiety. Remember, when you leave the house, they have no idea whether you’ll be out for two minutes or two hours.

Often, you will not know how anxious it makes them, because you aren’t there to see it, unless you have a pet camera. Some dogs leave evidence of their distress, such as a wake of destruction, or they let the neighbours know about it by barking and howling.

How long a dog can be left alone is down to the individual dog, but the RSPCA recommends no longer than four hours for a confident adult canine. For dog breeds most likely to suffer from separation anxiety, you'll want to build up to four hours slowly.

6. Inconsistent house rules

We’ve all done it – one day we let our pup onto the sofa, the next day he is told to sleep on the floor. Dad lets him upstairs, Mom says that’s out of bounds. Does he need to wait for a command before he eats his food, or can he grab the bowl straight out of your hand?

Often in larger families, different members allow or encourage different behaviors. It’s no wonder our dogs get confused! Stick to established house rules, and everyone knows where they stand.

7. Being glued to your phone

We all know what it’s like when you are trying to spend some quality time with a friend and they keep checking their phone. Your dog’s walking time is the highlight of their day.

Don’t scroll and stroll, or they’ll find other things to play with, and you can only blame yourself when they don’t come to heel.

8. Ignoring their body language

Our dogs cannot talk, so we need to be experts in reading their body language. The better we know our dogs, the more we observe them, the more we will be able to understand what they are trying to communicate.

Find out how your dog expresses anxiety, happiness, fear, and excitement, and you’ll know when to encourage, soothe, or be firm.

9. Strong reprimands

Dogs do need to learn right from wrong, but equally there is a right and a wrong way to do it. An immediate, brief verbal reprimand, such as a sharp “no” or a clap, can be very effective.

Physical punishment, yelling, or emotional abuse is never acceptable, nor is scolding the dog long after the event, as they will not associate their mistake. This will cultivate a relationship based on fear and anxiety.

And be consistent. Dogs learn through repetition, which is impossible if the goalposts keep moving.

10. Too much downtime

Rest and relaxation are all well and good, but not if the dog has had no activity all day. Mental and physical stimulation on a regular, daily basis is vital for the health and wellbeing of your dog.

Those with nothing to do are prone to developing behavioral problems and destructive tendencies as they vent their frustration – or even depression, as their busy bodies are left inactive.

11. Insufficient socialization

Dogs need socialization. The most critical time for puppies to start meeting other dogs and people is before 14 weeks old. This will help them to develop into confident, happy and well-adjusted adult dogs. They need to experience sights, smells, sounds and situations to learn how to react appropriately.

If they have not had this background, they may grow into dogs that find social situations overwhelming.

12. Overfeeding

Dogs may kid us into thinking they want more food and endless treats, but the reality is that we’d be killing them with kindness. Obesity in dogs is on the rise. A pet obesity survey in the US found that 59% of dogs are obese.

As natural scavengers, many dogs will just keep eating, so it’s our duty to make sure we keep both their food intake at meals and the additional treats within a healthy quota.

13. Crate punishment

A dog’s crate is his haven, not a punishment. Using it to reprimand a dog can lead to negative associations and anxiety, when it should be somewhere he finds restful and comfortable.

A crate may be used for sleeping and travelling, so it should always be a place that the dog wants to go into willingly.

14. Surprises

As a general rule, dogs don’t love surprises. They thrive on routine, familiar environments, and no sudden shocks. However, some dogs are more sensitive and wary than others.

Most dogs enjoy subtle changes to their routine, such as a different walking location or a new toy.

15. Leaving the TV or stereo on full blast

We may manage to block out background noise, such as the TV blaring. Dogs’ ears have a wider frequency range, so they can hear more than we do, and may be upset by certain TV noises, especially loud or unexpected ones. So long as the volume is low, it shouldn’t be a problem.

16. Pulling on the leash

The feeling is mutual when it comes to pulling on the leash. We hate it when our dog pulls our arms out, he hates it when we gag him with the leash or collar. The solution is, of course, training your dog not to pull, but it requires a lot of patience and consistency with strongest dogs, so be prepared for the long haul.

17. Being too busy

Your dog wants to spend time with you. They aren’t a tennis racket to be left in the corner until you want to play with them. Nor do they want to be left alone all day while you’re out at work.

Before getting a dog, you should question your lifestyle to see if there is space to give the necessary time for walks, training, mental stimulation, and play on a daily basis. And if you have made that commitment, stick to it. Make time for your dog, however busy you are.

18. Laughing at their phobias

It’s cute when a dog startles themselves spotting their reflection in a puddle, or retreats behind the sofa when the vacuum cleaner comes out. But it’s probably best if we don’t laugh at their phobias.

While there is some evidence that dogs can recognise tone and mood without really understanding the nuances, anecdotally many owners report that their dog displays signs of embarrassment and humiliation when they are the butt of the joke.

We know to refrain from mocking children – let’s afford our dogs the same respect!

19. Waking them up abruptly

The adage “let sleeping dogs lie” dates back to the 14th century and still holds true today. While it might mean that we should avoid stirring up trouble, waking a sleeping dog suddenly can trigger a startle reflex, potentially causing them to jump, scratch, or even bite out of self-defence or fear.

If you need to wake them, it’s best to approach them gently, using your voice.

20. Not being present

Sometimes we are in the house, but “nobody’s home” – we are present in body but not in mind. Dogs love relationships. They want to be with us and to interact. Not only do they need their daily walk, meals, and to go to the bathroom, but they also crave our involvement in their lives.

Don’t just go through the motions – a dog’s love is the most selfless, affectionate, and unconditional relationship you will find. There’s a reason they’re known as man’s best friend – and we should reciprocate.

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis de Leaver.

Overheating, heatstroke, and hyperthermia – whatever you call it, it’s serious, common, and frequently deadly. Although plenty of people know that dogs die in hot cars, what’s lesser-known is that dogs also die from environmental overheating – for example, being in a hot yard – or from exercising in the heat.

This means that – even though it’s important not to leave dogs in cars in the summer – it’s just as important to cool your dog down on any hot day, no matter where they are or who they are. That’s right, even the best dog breeds for hot weather can succumb to heatstroke.

In my nine years as a vet, I’ve been lucky enough to only treat two dogs with heatstroke, both of whom survived. But prevention is better than cure, and the more people who know how to keep their dogs cool, the better. So here’s my top, vet-verified tips for keeping a dog cool in the summer heat.

How to cool down a dog in the summer

So, what are the best ways to cool a dog down in the hot days of summer? Should you shave them? Give them pupsicles? Something else? Let’s take a look…

1. Keep them in the shade

Some dogs don’t know what’s best for them – I had a dog who would lie out in the sun until she was shaky, and in this case, the best thing you can do is to take them somewhere cool and keep them there.

That might be inside, or in the shade outside, depending on the heat and whether you have aircon. Dogs lose heat from lying on cool surfaces, so opt for grass rather than patio slabs if you can.

2. Keep them hydrated

Water is really important – make sure your dog has easy access to water and that their bowl doesn’t run out. You may find that they prefer several bowls, or even a pet water fountain.

If they aren’t big drinkers, try adding water to their food or offering flavored water on hot days – but don’t forget to let them out to urinate more!

3. Try a cooling mat

Dogs lose heat by lying on cool surfaces, and the best cooling mats for dogs are designed to provide a comfy, cool space to lie.

Some have cooling gels that are activated by pressure, while others need freezing in advance – either way, put them in the shade and give your dog something to keep them busy while they cool off.

4. Get them wet

Whether it’s a low-key hose-down, a game with a sprinkler, or the best dog paddling pool, getting dog’s fur wet increases evaporation and cooling. Try to get the water right down to their skin for best effect.

If your dog is obsessed with the pool or sprinkler and plays with their mouth, you should only let them play for 10 minutes or so before making them take a break to avoid water intoxication.

5. Make homemade pupsicles

My dog absolutely loves a popsicle. Fill a silicon mold or a plastic cup with a few tasty treats or some of their usual food, then add water, mix, and freeze.

Once frozen, you’ve got a nice cool treat to give a dog on a hot summer’s day! You may find you need to freeze in a few layers if all the treats float or sink, as you’re aiming to have the treats dispersed throughout.

Alternatively, here are some frozen dog treat ideas to try at home.

6. Shave them - yes, really!

There is so much debate online as to whether shaving a dog increases or decreases their ability to cool off.

Firstly, there’s no doubt that some coat types grow back strangely after cutting and it can take them a couple of years to get back to normal – but it’s just cosmetic, and if it helps your dog keep cool, then that’s what matters most.

Secondly, shaving works when the dog’s internal temperature is higher than the external temperature. This is going to be the case in many places, but some people will find the air temperature is higher than the dog’s internal temperature, in which case it might be best not to shave the coat.

And lastly, shaving a dog can increase their risk for sunburn – I usually recommend trialing shaving the belly fur and leaving the back longer to provide sun protection, since this allows dogs to make the most of cooling mats and similar.

If you're looking for the best dog grooming kits, be sure to check out our helpful guide.

7. Use a fan

Fans move air, increasing evaporation of water and allowing cooler air to replace the hot air near the body.

An electric fan pointing at your dog’s bed can be really helpful, but only if your dog uses it – if they don’t like the fan or move away from the shade to escape it, it may be worth pointing it nearby or fanning them by hand. Or, use your car’s aircon to create a cool environment – but stay with your pet in case there’s a problem and it shuts off!

Heatstroke kills. You can prevent it by keeping mindful of the environmental temperature and taking simple precautions, including following my top tips for keeping your dog cool this summer.

Found this helpful? Read next: When is it too hot to walk a dog? and how to cool down a dog

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Easter is a weekend of celebration for many of us, and our dogs love to join in the festivities too.

After all, there’s often time to fit in a longer walk or two, as well as visitors to get plenty of attention from. Why wouldn’t it be an enjoyable time for our canines?

However, Easter doesn’t come without its dangers, including chocolate, which is one of the foods that dogs should never eat. New research from The Kennel Club shows that cases of chocolate poisoning in dogs increase by 50% over Easter compared to a typical month.

Last year, almost a fifth of all claims for chocolate poisoning in the entirety of 2024 were made in March and April, in the lead-up to and aftermath of the Easter weekend, according to the data collected by Kennel Club Pet Insurance and provided by Agria Pet Insurance.

One dog mom has urged fellow canine parents to be cautious by sharing her family’s own experience. Jenny Tudor, from Kent, England, was on vacation over Easter with her family and their aptly named dachshunds, Rolo and Cocoa, when a chocolate gift from a friend was accidentally left in the dogs’ reach.

Rolo had found the chocolate, and when the family returned they realized that he’d eaten it. Noticing that his heart was racing, they rushed him to the emergency vet where he needed constant monitoring for two days – costing the family more than £1,000 ($1,300).

Tudor said, “I felt really panicked because it was such a lot of chocolate for a small dog, and we had no idea how much time had passed since he had consumed it. I just felt so sick at the thought of how serious this could be, and felt so stupid for not triple-checking before we went out that the bag was well out of reach.”

Fortunately, Rolo made a full recovery. Tudor added, “When we collected him, it was such a relief to see that he had his sparkle back and he was so pleased to see us. Lots of cuddles were in order!”

Of course, it’s best to be mindful to keep chocolate out of reach in the first place, make sure children don’t leave their Easter eggs where dogs can get them, and keep dogs away from chocolate egg hunts, but mistakes can and do happen.

While symptoms of chocolate poisoning can vary, here’s what to look out for according to Robin Hargreaves, senior veterinary advisor for Agria:

• Sickness
• Upset or painful stomach
• Dribbling
• Fast breathing
• Seizures

If you’re worried that your pet has eaten any chocolate, keep the packaging and consult a vet immediately. Do so even if they seem fine, because symptoms can appear even up to 24 hours later.

Don’t want your pup to miss out altogether? You can buy dog-friendly chocolate online, or make this tasty and vet-approved hot chocolate for them instead. It’s dog-friendly, and while it’s a Christmas recipe, there’s no reason why it wouldn’t be a great fit for Easter, too.

Spring can be a great time of year for dogs and humans alike. The more pleasant weather and lighter evenings can mean longer walks and more time to explore the outdoors, which benefits everyone.

However, you might encounter more wild animals this time of year as they become more active after cold winters. Though not all wildlife will be a threat, it’s important to be prepared and to know what to do to best keep you and your dog safe, like keeping them on one of the best dog leashes.

That’s why Manuela Brumm, a certified dog trainer at Woofz is here to offer some all-important advice.

How to keep a dog safe from wild animals

Birds: Birds of prey can be dangerous for small dogs. Keep them on a leash in open spaces and avoid letting them explore areas with tall trees where these birds can nest.

Don’t forget about wild turkeys, either, which can become aggressive during mating season. If you come across one, simply back away while ensuring that your dog is close to you.

Small animals: It’s skunks that you need to watch out for. They’re known for the foul-smelling liquid they can spray from their anal glands – it risks irritating your dog’s eyes and coat. So, if you’re walking in an area known for skunks, use a leash.

“If your dog gets sprayed, bathe them immediately with a mix of hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, and dish soap,” advises Brumm on how to get skunk smell off a dog.

Discussing other small animals, she adds, “I suggest you avoid prairie dog burrows entirely because dogs may dig and get bitten. If your dog catches any kind of small animal, then you should inspect them for bites and go to the vet if needed.”

Medium-sized animals: “Raccoons and opossums are common across the US and are most active at night,” says Brumm. “Both can carry diseases like rabies, so if your dog spots one during a late evening walk, calmly walk the other way.”

Brumm also highlights a risk from coyotes, who can see small dogs as prey. To avoid them, try not to walk at dawn and dusk, when they hunt, and always keep your dog on their leash. You might decide to carry a deterrent like pepper spray or a whistle, and – if you need to – pick your dog up, make yourself look big, and back away.

Large animals: If you’re in an area with lots of bears, keep your dog on a leash and stay on well-used trails. If you encounter a bear, keep your dog calm, back away slowly, and refrain from making any sudden movements.

Brumm’s advice for mountain lions is similar. Don’t run, but make loud noises to scare them off and keep your dog close by instead.

As for alligators, avoid ponds and swamps where they might be residing, and don’t let your dog swim in unfamiliar waters.

If you’d like to learn more about animals aside from our favorite pets, why not take a look at our list of weird and unusual animals you've never heard of but will be totally intrigued by?

Does your dog enjoy a car journey? Many do, but not all of our dogs are a fan of heading on a roadtrip.

There are lots of potential reasons for this, from disliking the feeling of being enclosed to getting motion sickness, or associating being in a car with negative past experiences. One factor we don’t usually think about, however, is the type of fuel the car requires.

According to a new study carried out by veterinary surgeon Dr. Scott Miller – the resident vet on UK daytime TV show This Morning – dogs prefer traveling in electric vehicles (EVs) to gas and diesel cars, with the latter two possibly contributing to anxiety in dogs.

To carry out the experiment, researchers monitored a dog’s heart rate when traveling in electric, diesel, and gas cars. Mango, a one-year-old working cocker spaniel, was driven around the Dunsfold Aerodrome track, formerly used as the test track by the BBC’s Top Gear.

Hitting speeds of up to 70mph, Mango’s behavior was monitored throughout each drive with his pulse rate also checked after each journey. When riding in the Elroq, an electric car from Škoda – who carried out the campaign to mark their partnership with Crufts – his resting heart rate of 80bpm only rose to 100bpm.

However, while in the gas and diesel cars, his heart rate rose to 120bpm and 125bpm respectively, suggesting higher stress levels.

Not only this, but he appeared more relaxed in the electric car, lying down and nearly asleep. In the other two cars, he looked more tense, with a stiff posture, and was looking around anxiously.

You can watch a video of the experiment here:

Dr. Miller said: “The experiment clearly shows the health and psychological benefits of traveling in an EV for dogs. Observing Mango’s reactions while traveling at the same speed on the same track in alternative powertrains made it clear that battery electric cars provide a smoother and more calming experience.

"The lack of mechanical moving parts, reduced vibrations and noise, and the spacious interiors of EVs create a soothing environment for dogs, ensuring a more relaxed and enjoyable travel experience for our furry companions.”

Dr Miller went on to explain that EVs usually have a lower center of gravity, too, which can help dogs feel more secure.

Dog behaviorist expert Anna Webb added: “Mango’s body language clearly showed his preference for traveling in an EV where he’s lying down on the back seat, relaxed, with soft semi-closed brown eyes.

“In the traditional fuel-powered cars, however, he’s sitting bolt upright and tense. Turning his head dramatically with rapid wide eye movement, showing the whites of his eyes all clear physical signs of stress.”

Regardless of whether your own car runs on electricity, gas, or diesel, take a look at these dog car safety tips and we’ve got advice on how to secure a dog in a car and how to keep a dog cool in the car

It seems difficult to believe that spring is almost here. Christmas doesn’t seem all that long ago, but the days are gradually getting longer and for many of us the weather is becoming more pleasant.

Of course, with spring, it can be time for allergies in dogs to rear their head again – and the same goes for humans, too. Allergies can make everything from going on walks to even just enjoying some of the best dog food less fun for them. But how can you tell if your dog is struggling with seasonal allergies, in order to get them the help they need?

It can be difficult to know if your dog is allergic to things like pollen and dust mites, so this is where the experts come in. Dr. Aimee Warner, resident vet at pet insurance company Waggel is on hand to outline five key signs that our dogs may have allergies – and what other problems you might mistake the allergy symptoms for.

Signs of spring allergies in dogs

1. Excessive scratching and licking: If your dog is always chewing or licking their paws or scratching, they might have atopic dermatitis, or eczema. It affects at least 10% of dogs, according to the University of Nottingham’s Itchy Dog Project, so it’s fairly common, and can be a reaction to pollen or mold.

2. Inflamed and patchy skin: Allergens can cause your pup’s skin to flare up. This might result in hair loss, or you might notice red spots on their skin.

3. Runny nose and watery eyes: A symptom that many of us with hay fever will be able to relate to, many dogs suffer from nose and eye issues when they have seasonal allergies too, so watch out for your dog sneezing!

“Pollen can also cause respiratory reactions in dogs, especially on short-nosed breeds like pugs and Bulldogs,” adds Dr. Warner.

4. Head shaking and infections: Is your dog shaking their head a lot? If it’s something you’ve noticed, and they’re scratching their ears too, they may have a buildup of wax and possibly inflammation, too.

5. Lethargy and irritability: If you think your dog’s energy levels have dipped, it might be because of allergies – they can make us feel more lethargic and it’s the same for our canines. Likewise, allergies might make your dog feel more irritable than usual.

Dr. Warner explains, “Spring allergies can significantly impact a dog's wellbeing, but with the right preventative measures, pet owners can help minimize symptoms and improve their pet's quality of life.

“If you notice persistent scratching, ear infections, or skin issues, it's essential to consult with a vet promptly to determine the appropriate treatment plan and rule out any more serious conditions."

For more advice, here’s how to help a dog with allergies and here’s our guide to the best dog food for allergies

Why shouldn't you sleep with your dog? It's a question you may be asking if you share a close relationship with your canine companion and like the idea of snuggling up with them at night.

Or perhaps you'd prefer to sleep alone but you hate the thought of sending your pup off to their own sleeping quarters. Even if you've invested in one of the best dog beds money can buy, it's easy to get an attack of the guilts when your pup looks up at you with those big, sad eyes.

Whatever situation you find yourself in, we wanted to find out whether having your dog sleep with you is a good idea or not, so we sought the advice of expert vet, Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Below, she explains the potential risks and benefits of letting your dog share your bed with you and reveals why she advises pet parents to avoid sleeping with their pups. Read on to find out more...

Why shouldn't you sleep with your dog?

If you love your pup to bits and can't imagine life without them, you may be wondering why you shouldn't sleep with them. Perhaps having them spend the night in another room or in a dog bed on the floor beside you seems mean, or maybe you simply like the comfort of having your fur friend snuggled up beside you.

On the other hand, you could be in a relationship and finding yourself at odds with your partner – if they want your dog to sleep in your bed and you don't, you may be wondering if there's any hard science out there that suggests this isn't a good idea. Good news, there is!

Whether you're keen to share your bed with your dog but unsure if it's a healthy choice, or you want to find reasons to back up the fact that sleeping with your pup isn't for you, we've got you covered. Here are five reasons why sleeping with your dog is a bad idea.

1. Poor sleep quality
According to a 2024 study published in Scientific Reports, pet owners who slept with their fur friends (both dogs and cats) reported poorer sleep quality and greater insomnia severity.

"Sleeping with your pet can lead to poor quality sleep for both you and them," Dr. MacMillan confirms. "It’s easy to see how a big dog in your bed might interrupt your sleep, but smaller ones can be just as problematic.

"Many like lying on their owners for warmth, which can lead to a bad night’s sleep, especially if you are a light sleeper."

2. Risk of parasites
The best flea treatments for dogs do a brilliant job of keeping pesky parasites at bay – but only if you keep on top of them.

"If you don’t treat your dog at regular intervals with an effective anti-parasite product, then they could be harboring fleas, mites, ticks, or worms," says Dr. MacMillan. "And you certainly don’t want to be sharing your bed with any of those!"

3. Increase in allergy symptoms
Allergic to dogs? Hopefully that's not the case if you have a fur friend in your family, but some people with mild allergies still find they can live with a pet as long as they're careful.

However, according to Dr. MacMillan, one thing you absolutely want to avoid doing if you have allergies is sleeping with your dog.

"Increased levels of hair and pet dander in the bedroom can cause real problems for asthma and allergy sufferers. Sleeping with your pet can worsen your symptoms."

4. Dirt and other germs
Just like humans, there are plenty of common illnesses dogs get. While most of these aren't going to pose us any problems, they're still not things you want to be getting up close and personal with.

"Even though they may not look too bad, dogs are not clean," says Dr. MacMillan. "They bring in all sorts of germs and dirt on their paws and in their fur, which can end up in your bed. This can be a particular issue for immunocompromised owners."

5. Dog sleep reactivity
Most pet parents are familiar with the sort of reactivity in dogs that happens during the day – lunging while on their leash, barking at passersby, growling when they see a car, bicycle or other triggering object. But did you know that sleep reactivity is also a thing?

"Some dogs don’t react well to being woken up suddenly," explains Dr. MacMillan. "They might startle easily due to their temperament or because they have a sensory issue like deafness or blindness. This could lead to a groggy dog snapping at you in the night when you accidentally roll into them the wrong way."

Benefits of sleeping with your dog

While we've likely made sleeping with your dog sound all doom and gloom, we promise that's not the full picture. Yes, sleeping with your dog does come with risks, but if you're someone who love snuggling up with your fur friend at night, you'll be pleased to learn there are some benefits, too!

1. Comfort
In a 2018 study published in Anthrozoös, researchers collected data from 962 women and found that they slept better with a dog in their bed. The reason? Their canine companions provided them with a sense of comfort and security.

"Sleeping in close proximity to another living thing can bring comfort and security to both parties," confirms Dr. MacMillan.

Because the study was observational in nature, more research is needed to see if those feelings of comfort and security translate into better sleep quality.

2. Better emotional health
Dogs are some of the best emotional support animals, and it's not hard to see why. They offer a wide range of therapeutic benefits and their soothing presence can do wonders for improving our mood.

"Some owners report better emotional health due to co-sleeping with their dog," Dr. MacMillan says. "They find that it helps reduce stress and anxiety, as well as combating loneliness."

3. Improved physical health
Dogs aren't just great for our emotional health, being around them can work wonders for our physical wellbeing, too.

"With an improvement in emotional health often comes an improvement in physical health," Dr. MacMillan confirms. "Some owners report that sleeping with their pet reduces their heart rate and blood pressure."

4. Better sleep quality
While several studies, including one published in Human-Animal Interactions in 2023, suggest that sleeping with a pet may negatively affect sleep quality, some people find it does the reverse, helping them to get a better night's sleep.

"For owners who struggle with anxiety or depression, sleeping with a dog can make them feel much calmer, leading to better sleep quality," says Dr. MacMillan. "Symptoms such as insomnia can be improved."

5. It can strengthen your bond
Looking for ways to improve your relationship with your dog? Some people find that sleeping with their pup deepens their connection.

"It can strengthen your bond with your pet, by sharing this quiet time in each other’s company," explains Dr. MacMillan. "Just make sure your pet learns how to be by themselves too, as separation anxiety can be a real problem in dog’s that are never apart from their owner."

Should I sleep with my dog?

Given there are both potential risks and benefits to sharing your bed with your dog, you may be wondering whether sleeping with them is the right thing to do. Here's what Dr. MacMillan has to say:

"As a vet, I would personally advise you to avoid sharing your bed with your dog. There are many reasons why it might not be great for your health, and this doesn’t just apply to allergy sufferers. It could also lead to behavioral issues in your dog.

"I have first-hand experience with dogs that have become territorial over their owner’s bed and ones that have growled and reactively snapped in the middle of the night. I have also had small puppies brought into the practice with broken limbs from falling off a bed, so co-sleeping is not without risk.

"If you feel you need to be close to your dog at night then I would suggest encouraging them to sleep in their own bed, on your bedroom floor. You will both get a better night’s sleep with a bit of personal space.

"Also, having a dog’s exposed bottom and dirty coat on my bedding is not that appealing to me personally, but maybe I know too much!!"

For more information check out hidden dangers of sleeping with your pet.

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Dogs have a truly astonishing sense of smell that goes far beyond anything we could imagine. From picking up the scent of a potential mate miles away to uncovering an explosive, a dog's nose is always hard at work – particularly if it belongs to a scent hound – but exactly how far can dogs smell?

Over the last century, this special skill has been put to incredible use through specific training to help dogs detect everything from drugs to diabetes. In this article we'll take a look at the incredible world of canine olfaction, with the help from experienced vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan.

A dog’s sense of smell

Research suggests that smell is a dog’s main sense and allows them to uncover current and historical information about their surroundings. Using the power of their nose, your dog can build a three-dimensional view of their environment which in the past would have helped them to discover food, avoid threat and find dogs to mate with.

“Dogs have an incredible sense of smell. They have many more smell receptors than humans and a greater surface area to pass more air through,” says Dr MacMillan. A receptor is a part of the nose responsible for recognising specific smell particles. The bigger surface area helps too, as it allows more air to pass through their nose giving them more opportunities to pick up smells.

Out on a walk, you likely notice your dog's preoccupation with sniffing. It can dominate the walk and sometimes get in the way of getting to where you want to go. But if you find yourself getting annoyed, you probably don’t realise just how impressive and important this super power is to your dog.

Dog sense of smell vs humans

And how could we begin to understand? Our sense of smell is, I’m sorry to say, rubbish in comparison! Depending on the breed, a dog's sense of smell is reported to be 10,000 to 100,000 times better than ours.

How far can a dog smell?

“According to some sources, dogs can smell objects or people up to 20km away under the right conditions,” says Dr MacMillan.

Some specific research into this question has found that dogs can detect the smell of a wild tortoise from up to 60m away, a rodent in the natural environment up to 50m away, decaying meat up to 200m and whale feces up to 1.93km away.

What affects how well a dog can smell?

“Factors that affect how far a dog can smell include wind conditions and the terrain. The age and type of scent will also influence how far it can be detected,” says Dr MacMillan. Outside of environmental and weather conditions, these factors can impact a dog's ability to smell:

• breed
• age
• physical health
• medication
• training

Which breeds of dog have the best sense of smell?

“Research findings are still mixed as to whether dogs with elongated noses can smell better than dogs with flatter faces. However, we know that bloodhounds, basset hounds, German Shepherds and pointers all have a great sense of smell,” says Dr MacMillan.

Certain breeds are bred specifically for their sense of smell, too – most of these dogs are hound breeds and they have a larger than average surface area in their nasal cavity.

Scent hounds, as the name suggests, have been bred specifically to use their sense of smell for tracking scents. They usually have long ears that help to collect scents out and about. They are also often low to the ground, enabling them to pick up more smells. Some of the most popular breeds with top notch sniffing abilities include beagles, basset hounds and bloodhounds.

What else can a dog detect with their nose?

“It has been shown that dogs can detect illnesses, such as diabetes or cancer in people, as well as smell explosives and drugs at trace levels,” says Dr MacMillan.

Because of their incredible sense of smell, dogs can be trained to track all manner of things from invasive species to missing people. Some of the best tracking dogs are police dogs who are trained to track suspects, find victims and recover evidence (including drugs, firearms and explosives).

While we might have dogs in the police force, they aren’t routinely used in medical settings, but that could change. Because a dog's sense of smell is so detailed, it can notice the subtlest change in human scent caused by disease. Add training to this natural skill, and we now have dogs that can detect all sorts of diseases.

One study found that trained dogs were able to detect breast cancer with 88% accuracy and lung cancer with 99% accuracy, across all four stages of the disease.

Another study showed dogs could correctly identify the scent of children infected with malaria parasites 70% of the time, just from the pair of socks they wore overnight. More research has found dogs can also help diagnose diabetes, Parkinson's disease and even detect a migraine attack up to 48 hours in advance.

How to make the most of your dog’s nose

Getting your dog one of the best snuffle mats for dogs will not only improve their scenting skills, but it will keep them stimulated and allow them to express their natural behaviour.

You can also use the power of scent to keep your dog happy next time you go on vacation – when you leave them with your pet sitter, give them a piece of your clothing too as the familiar scent can help them feel comforted in your absence.

Want to learn more about dogs? Here are our favorite interesting dog facts

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Part of being a pet parent is keeping on top of our furry friends’ health, both minimizing the risk of them being ill or injured in the first place and ensuring they get the healthcare they need when they do need it.

Whether we’re planning a new walking route, weighing up different brands of food, their health always comes first.

Recently, a Dalmatian-Vizsla cross was excluded from competing at Crufts because of happy tail syndrome, a condition that many of us don’t know a whole lot about – in fact, you’d be forgiven for having not heard of it before at all.

However, happy tail syndrome isn’t an uncommon condition, so it’s a good idea to be aware of the basics. And that’s where Dr. Aimee Warner, resident vet at UK-based pet insurance provider Waggel comes in.

She explains, “Happy tail syndrome shows an irony for both dogs and their owners. The behavior that expresses a dog’s joy becomes a source of pain and potential long-term health complications.

“This is especially difficult because a dog’s instinct to wag its tail doesn’t stop because of pain, creating a cycle of injury and re-injury that can be distressing for both pet and owner.”

While a Dalmatian-Vizsla has made headlines because of the condition, among the dogs most susceptible to the condition are Labradors, greyhounds, and Great Danes, as well as others with long tails and energetic personalities.

Dr. Warner advises looking out for blood spatters on walls or furniture, raw or split skin on the tip of your dog’s tail, or a slight reluctance to wag. Early intervention can stop the condition from becoming chronic.

We can also help prevent injury by padding sharp corners at home and keeping an eye on excited dogs in confined spaces.

“Mild cases can be treated with protective sleeves and bandaging, albeit challenging,” adds Dr. Warner. “Severe or recurring cases may result in partial tail amputation as a measure to avoid chronic pain and infection.”

She finishes, “While the Crufts decision has brought attention to happy tail syndrome, it's important for all dog owners – not just those with show dogs – to be aware of this condition. We're happy to see our dogs wag their tails with excitement, but we certainly don't want that joy to lead to injury.

“Early detection and intervention are essential to prevent a minor tail injury from becoming a painful problem that could require surgery.”

Meanwhile, find out why do dogs have tails to begin with? And, for more insights on how your dog might use theirs, you might find this article useful: I learned these five dog body language cues and they changed my relationship with my dog.

Have you ever been speaking to somebody and noticed that they blink right after you blink, or vice versa? This brief exchange of blinking is thought to help humans and other primates bond. We know, too, that cats use a slow blink to communicate feelings of trust and safety.

And now it appears as though dogs might use blinking to help strengthen bonds as well, between getting the zoomies and hunting for the best dog treats, according to a new study published in Royal Society Open Science.

Martina Francesconi, an ethologist at the University of Pisa who wasn’t involved in the study herself, explained, per Science, “The idea that individual dogs can synchronize with each other in such a subtle and hardly perceptible way raises fascinating questions about how they communicate. They might be more in tune with one another than we realized.”

We already know that domestic dogs seem to blink more around other dogs and use blinking to help keep things calm when tensions might arise with other dogs or even humans. Dogs sometimes also yawn and display facial expressions that look playful when other pups do the same, something known as facial mimicry.

Chiara Canori, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Parma who was involved in some of these prior studies, wanted to find out whether blinking was also part of a dog’s facial mimicry, so created short videos of dogs in which they look at the camera while focusing on a toy or treat behind it.

In some of the video clips, the dogs are blinking, while in others they aren’t. In a third category of videos, the dogs are licking their noses, something that can signify frustration or eagerness. Canori and her colleagues put the videos together into 71-second clips, and showed them in random order to 54 adult pet dogs of various breeds.

The dogs wore heart monitors to help the team assess their emotional reactions, while the pups were also filmed so they could watch out for body language like blinking. While some of the dogs fell asleep, the rest blinked around 16% more on average when watching a dog blinking than during the other clips. Meanwhile, no signs of stress in their faces or heart rates were detected.

Canori explains that future studies are needed to find out whether the participants’ blinks were synchronized with the blinks on screen, and if so, how quickly they responded. However, the increase in frequency does suggest that the dogs are mimicking their on-screen counterparts.

It’s important to note, too, that the blinking is a reflex and the dogs likely aren’t aware that they’re doing it – it’s probably just something they’ve evolved over time to help them manage social situations.

If you’re hoping to strengthen your pup’s bond with you, why not try these 32 ways to improve your relationship with your dog? You might find this list of the things your pet is trying to tell you useful, too.

Dog owners are often on the lookout for healthy and hydrating treats for their pets, leading to the question: can dogs drink coconut water? With its reputation for being rich in electrolytes and nutrients, coconut water seems like a great option, but is it truly safe for our canine companions?

This article will explore whether coconut water is a suitable drink for dogs, its potential health benefits, and any risks associated with offering it to your pup. As a practicing vet with over 13 years of experience advising pet owners on canine nutrition, I’ll provide expert guidance on whether this tropical drink is a good choice for your furry friend.

For more ways to keep your pet hydrated, check out our guide to the best pet water fountains.

Can dogs drink coconut water?

Yes, dogs can safely drink coconut water in moderation. Coconut water is rich in electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium, which can help with hydration – especially after exercise or in hot weather. It also contains antioxidants and amino acids that support overall health.

There are, however, some risks to consider:

• Natural sugars in coconut water can contribute to weight gain if given too often
• High potassium levels may be harmful to dogs with kidney or heart issues
• Many store-bought brands contain additives, preservatives, or added sugars that are unsafe for dogs – always choose pure, unsweetened coconut water

To safely give coconut water to your dog it is recommended to offer only small amounts as an occasional treat, monitor for digestive issues, such as diarrhea, and always provide fresh water as their primary source of hydration.

How much coconut water can my dog have?

When it comes to coconut water for dogs, moderation is essential. A small dog should have no more than a few teaspoons, or a few ounces, while a larger dog can have a few tablespoons at a time. Always introduce it gradually and monitor for digestive issues like diarrhea or an upset stomach in dogs.

Coconut water is high in potassium, and excessive amounts could lead to an electrolyte imbalance. Symptoms of too much potassium (hyperkalemia) may include muscle weakness, irregular heartbeats, nausea, or vomiting. If your dog accidentally drinks a large amount, contact your vet for advice.

To be safe, consider offering coconut water as an occasional treat rather than a daily addition to your dog's diet. Always ensure your dog has access to clean, fresh water at all times to avoid dehydration.

Can dogs drink coconut milk?

Coconut milk is thicker and higher in fat than coconut water, as it’s made by blending coconut flesh with water. While dogs can have small amounts, it’s not ideal for regular consumption due to the high fat content.

Coconut milk contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which can have health benefits, including supporting brain function. However, too much fat can lead to digestive upset or even pancreatitis in some dogs, particularly those prone to stomach issues.

Additionally, store-bought coconut milk often contains additives, stabilizers, and sweeteners that may not be safe for dogs. If you do want to offer your dog coconut milk, opt for unsweetened varieties and give only a small amount as a very occasional treat.

Can dogs eat fresh coconut?

Dogs can eat fresh coconut in small amounts. The white flesh of the coconut is safe for them to eat and contains healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidants. It can be offered in small, bite-sized pieces as a treat.

Although coconut is technically a safe food for dogs, again it should only ever be given in moderation due to its high fat content. Too much coconut can cause digestive upset and lead to unnecessary weight gain. Additionally, avoid giving your dog the hard shell and husk as it poses a choking hazard and can be difficult to digest. Make sure you know what to do if a dog is choking too so that you are prepared.

Coconut flakes or shredded coconut can also be offered, but make sure they are unsweetened and free from additives. You can even mix a small amount into your dog's food as an occasional supplement. There are lots of other surprising things dogs can eat apart from dog food as well as coconut flakes.

Is coconut a laxative for dogs?

Coconut can have a mild laxative effect on some dogs, especially if they consume it in large amounts. The fiber and fat content in coconut flesh may stimulate digestion, potentially leading to loose stools or diarrhea in dogs with sensitive stomachs.

Coconut oil, often added to dog food for its potential health benefits, can also cause digestive upset if given in excess. If a dog experiences stomach discomfort after eating coconut, it is best to reduce the amount or avoid it entirely. Since every dog reacts differently, some may tolerate coconut well, while others may be more sensitive.

It is important to note that coconut oil and other coconut-based products should never be intentionally used as a laxative for dogs. Excessive consumption can lead to more serious health issues, such as pancreatitis, which requires immediate veterinary attention.

Additional considerations for dogs with health conditions

While coconut water and coconut-based products can be safe for healthy dogs in small amounts, they may not be suitable for dogs with certain medical conditions. Dogs with kidney disease, diabetes, or pancreatitis should avoid coconut water due to its high potassium and natural sugar content. Similarly, overweight dogs should only have coconut-based treats occasionally, as the fat content may contribute to weight gain.

Before introducing coconut products, or any other new foods to your dog’s diet, consult with your vet, especially if your dog has pre-existing health concerns.

Coconut water can be a refreshing and nutritious treat for dogs when given in moderation, offering hydration and essential minerals. However, it should not replace fresh water, and pet owners should be mindful of the potential risks of excessive consumption. Coconut milk and fresh coconut can also be enjoyed in small amounts, but high fat and fiber content mean they should be offered sparingly.

Read next: Can dogs drink milk?, How much water should my dog drink? and what should dogs drink?

Edited by Megan Milstead

Guide dogs have such an important job, helping people who are blind or visually impaired to stay safe, navigate the world, and remain independent. So, it seems only right that they’re honored for it, with lots of praise, the best dog treats, or plenty of play, when the time comes that they’re no longer able to work.

Earlier this month, hundreds of people and pets in the UK honored a terminally ill guide dog by taking part in his final walk with him.

Ian, a red fox Labrador Retriever, was diagnosed with cancer and given weeks to live in January. An inoperable sarcoma was found in his chest, while he also had lymphoma in his lymph nodes. The eight-year-old dog couldn’t walk very far, so was pushed in a pram along Blackpool Promenade before being given a “guard of honor” by humans and fellow canines alike as he walked the final few steps. Around 80 dogs joined Ian for his walk.

Gemma Fairhurst, a volunteer puppy walker and Ian’s trainer, described herself as a “wreck” and thanked everyone for the love and support they showed Ian. Being the first of almost 20 guide dogs Fairhurst has trained, she’d previously agreed with his dog dad, Mark Fielding, that she’d care for him when he retired at the age of 10.

She first met Ian when he was seven weeks old, when she was recovering from having a pacemaker fitted following a heart attack, and has stayed close to him over the years after Mark invited her to stay in touch – even looking after Ian when Mark and his wife, Kerry, would go away.

Following Ian’s diagnosis, he was retired from guide dog work and returned to Gemma for the rest of his life. Gemma, who is also the founder of edible greetings card and pen company Scoff Paper, told BBC Radio Lancashire, “Unfortunately he isn't going to get the retirement he deserves... so I decided to arrange this walk for him.”

The walk also raised money for a worthy cause – called “5,000 Steps for £5,000”, it’s helping fund the training of another guide dog. The new guide dog will also be called Ian, to “carry on his amazing doggy legacy.”

The £5,000 target has already been surpassed, with over £8,000 currently raised. If you’d like to donate, Gemma has organized a GoFundMe here.

If you have any concerns about your own dog’s health, it’s best to consult your vet to rule out anything serious. You might also find these signs a dog is in pain useful to take note of, too.

Do you think daylight savings time is a good idea? In the fall, we get an extra hour in bed, while in the spring (one month today on March 9, 2025), it means we get to enjoy more light in the evenings, so it’s no surprise that many people approve.

The change in time can take a little while to adjust to sometimes, particularly if you’re awake at night when the clocks change, and it has been shown to disrupt our sleep and behavior in past research. In general, however, a difference of an hour isn’t too tricky to navigate for most of us. But can we say the same for our dogs, or will they just wake up to play earlier or later (we’re looking at you, sleepiest dog breeds) than usual while they adjust?

In a new study, researchers at the University of Toronto aimed to find out whether pet dogs and working dogs need to take any time to manage the change. They used motion-sensitive watches to examine the activity patterns of 25 working sled dogs, 29 pet dogs, and their caregivers, during the weeks surrounding the clocks “falling back”.

Sled dogs were affected, with the time change meaning that their strict daily routine was different. Whereas their handlers used to arrive at sunrise, the change meant that sunrise was an hour before their arrival. So, the dogs were less active in the hour after sunrise than they were before.

However, this shift didn’t happen straight away. On the day the clocks changed, they were more active than usual in the hour prior to their handlers arriving.

In contrast, the morning activity of pet dogs didn’t change. Despite their pet parents waking up earlier on weekdays, the dogs themselves generally didn’t display any behavioral changes in the morning. However, age had an impact, with older pet dogs being less active on the first morning after the change.

While pet dogs don’t seem to be affected too much by daylight savings time, however, it’s important to remember that dogs’ daily lives can be affected when their humans’ schedules change.

The authors explained in a release: "Our study comparing companion and sled dogs finds that flexible routines can help dogs better adjust to abrupt schedule changes like Daylight Saving Time."

If you have a recurring issue of your pup waking you up, however, here’s how to get your dog to sleep later in the morning. Meanwhile, here’s how to build more fun into your dog’s routine, and the answer to why do dogs sleep so much?

When we think of the most common health issues faced by dogs, cardiac arrest doesn’t often spring to mind. In fact, it is quite rare in canines, but that doesn’t mean it never happens.

On TikTok, actress Sutton Smith warned fellow dog parents that dogs can go through cardiac arrest, and what to look out for that just might save lives. She explained that her dog seemed more grumpy than usual, which got her concerned, saying: “I have a sassy little dog who was acting more irritated. She was not getting grumpier, she wasn't getting oxygen."

When a human’s oxygen levels drop, their skin will turn blue. Of course, dogs don’t have exposed skin like we do, so it can be more tricky to work out when a dog is struggling – it might be that they don’t seem like themselves, ignoring their favorite toys or shunning treats.

Despite Smith growing up with dogs and being a dog parent as an adult, she only learned after her own dog went into cardiac arrest that your dog’s tongue is the thing to keep an eye on.

She said: "If a dog is losing oxygen or having low oxygen intake due to health issues, their tongue will turn darker purple or blue. This will appear very dark on the underside of the tongue, kind of like branching out from the middle."

She added: "Top side of the tongue will turn dark as well. Any discoloration darker than their normal tongue color is cause to investigate to be sure that they're getting the oxygen they need or they're getting medication that can open their airways."

Her own dog’s tongue was “almost black,” but the pup pulled through the ordeal and was able to recover – leading Smith to decide to spread awareness. She continued, “If your dog has breathing or heart issues that are ongoing, you can also use this as a metric to check them."

If your dog’s acting out of the ordinary, it may not be anything serious. In many cases, they’ll simply be tired or hungry. But this tip is one that’s well worth storing in your mind just in case. And, if you do have any concerns, it’s best to be safe and see a vet as soon as possible.

Survival rates for cardiac arrest in dogs aren’t very high, unfortunately, but acting fast and getting your dog to the vet for emergency care as soon as you can will help maximize the chances of them making the best recovery.

For more dog health information, here are the most common illnesses dogs get, as well as the most common dog diseases to keep an eye out for.

A pet going missing is one of the most difficult things a pet parent can face.

While wandering pets often return home of their own accord after a while (perhaps after we leave a few of the best dog treats out), or we get contacted by a vet or well-meaning passerby, it doesn’t make that the situation is any less painful in the moment.

One Florida family were left searching for their dog for over a week before being reunited with the pup, but they’re still looking for an explanation from the veterinary clinic she went missing from.

Dog mom Cari Clark told local news outlet ABC Action News, “She’s our baby. She’s my daughter’s baby, my daughter is only 10 years old. I don’t think I will ever forget my daughter’s reaction when I had to tell her what happened.”

She explained that she’d noticed their French Bulldog, Gracie, seemed unwell, dealing with a lot of neck pain and finding it difficult to walk. So, on January 22 she left her at Specialists in Companion Animal Neurology, a veterinary clinic specializing in neurological issues.

The following morning, Gracie was expected to have an MRI scan and potentially a surgical procedure, so when Ms Clark received a call from the vet she thought they’d simply be checking in with her.

In contrast, Ms Clark revealed that the doctor said their vet tech took the one-year-old pup outside to go to the bathroom before her procedure, but she escaped. The family began searching local businesses and neighborhoods, even hiring a drone company to help.

While the clinic also helped to look for Gracie and contacted other nearby clinics, Ms Clark said that she hadn’t seen surveillance footage from them, and didn’t understand why Gracie was outside to begin with given that she’d already been prepped for surgery and had an IV and catheter.

In a statement from hospital director Heather Birkhimer, she said: “We are deeply concerned about the recent incident involving Gracie, a cherished member of her family who got loose while in our care. Our team has been actively supporting the search and remains fully committed to bringing her home safely. The wellbeing of every pet entrusted to us is our highest priority, and we are doing everything possible to assist in this effort. We are a team of dedicated caregivers, and our commitment to compassionate, high-quality care remains unwavering.”

Fortunately, Gracie was found alive near the vet clinic eight days later on January 31. While it was the outcome the family hoped for, Clark said, “For this to be something that just didn't have to happen is really giving us all a hard time.”

The family had experienced a difficult few months, losing their home in Hurricane Milton, and Clark described Gracie as a “huge emotional support” for them all.

While we hope you’ll never have to deal with a missing dog, knowing how to find a lost dog is extremely useful to know. And, if you’re on the other side of things, here’s what to do if you find a lost dog.

Hundreds of people in Europe protested against the treatment of hunting dogs in Spain at the weekend.

When the Spanish hunting season ends each year on February 1, thousands of the hunting dogs involved, most often Podencos and Greyhounds, are abandoned or killed – often in cruel ways that extend their suffering.

In 2023, the Spanish Parliament excluded hunting dogs from the country’s new animal welfare law, classifying them as ‘tools’ rather than animals.

In response to the dogs’ treatment, people have brought their own dogs to protests in numerous cities across Europe – including those organized by British group Free Spanish Hounds in London, Glasgow and Manchester.

Adva Shimshy, one of the founders of Free Spanish Hounds, told PetsRadar: “This year we held our peaceful protest in three locations in the UK. We estimate that a total of 500 people and 300 dogs marched in London, Manchester and Glasgow yesterday. We were delighted to see so many people and dogs supporting our cause, and we expect to see more joining us next year as awareness keeps growing in the UK.”

In response to the protests, the organization wrote on Instagram, “What else can we say. We are absolutely blown away by the support from the UK today for [Spanish organization] Plataforma NAC and the hunting dogs of Spain.”

Teresa Rodriguez, who organizes NAC’s international protests, said: “By raising awareness to their plight globally, we aim to encourage visitors to Spain to protest against these practices and create diplomatic pressure on the Spanish administration.”

She explained that the protests have already been successful in that European politicians have previously called for action at the European Parliament, while awareness has been growing among Spanish people, too. However, “many politicians continue to prioritize tradition and business interests over animal welfare,” she claims.

And, as Shimshy sums up: “We will continue to protest in the UK and be the voice for these dogs until the Spanish government takes decisive action to end hunting with dogs and ensure the protection they so desperately need. Together, we stand for a future free from cruelty and neglect.”

There are lots of Spanish hunting dogs that require loving forever homes. If you’re interested in adopting, fostering, or finding out more, head to Hope for Podencos, Project Galgo or Greyhounds in Need.

If you’d like to know more about breeds such as Podencos and Greyhounds, take a look at our list of sighthound breeds.

Humping is a pretty common behavior for dogs, but it’s not one we tend to enjoy as dog parents.

There are a number of reasons why dogs hump – both male and female – and it’s very rarely because they’re trying to assert dominance, as people often think. This is a common misconception, but it’s outdated!

Humping is usually harmless, when it’s not too excessive, but you might still want to know exactly why your dog is doing it, whether it’s to you, another dog, or even one of their favorite dog toys.

And that’s where certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive comes in. In a recent Instagram post, she’s outlined five potential causes of humping, and it’s useful to know if you’d like to work out the reason for your own pup’s behavior.

In her video, Goodman is working with a male dog, Pooh. She’s just arrived for a session with him, and he’s excited to see her. At the same time, Pooh gets overstimulated easily and can be susceptible to anxiety, too. “So, when he has a big feeling,” Goodman explains, “Humping is one way he releases that.”

So, why do dogs hump? Here are five common reasons:

1. Over-excitement: If your dog is over-excited, they might hump simply to get rid of any excess energy.

2. Overstimulation: When a dog gets a lot of sensory information in one go, they might get overstimulated. Dogs can release this information by humping.

3. Stress and anxiety: Humping can offer a dog relief from stress and anxiety, helping them feel grounded and working almost as a reset.

4. Frustration: Your dog may hump if they’re frustrated. For example, if you aren’t playing with them fast enough.

5. Attention-seeking: Particularly if your dog has learned that humping gets attention from their humans, they may do it. They know it gets a reaction – and this can be true even for dogs who receive a negative reaction from their parents.

This is not an exhaustive list, however. While these are all common reasons, boredom is another potential cause, while some dogs, particularly those who are younger but sexually mature and not spayed or neutered, may hump as a sexual behavior.

And, on occasion, humping can indicate a medical issue. Potential issues could include urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, and itchy skin. Some male dogs might hump due to conditions of the prostate gland or penis, too, so if you have any concerns it’s best to consult your vet.

Overall, however, humping is a normal dog and puppy behavior, and most of the time it won’t become a serious problem.

You may also want to read: How to calm a hyper dog

Has your dog stopped eating? If the answer is yes, you’re probably wondering how to boost their appetite and whether this change in behavior should be a cause for concern.

The good news is that there are several ways to get your dog interested in eating again – some as simple as warming up the best dog food and adding a topper. However, before trying anything, it’s crucial to visit your vet first, who can determine if an underlying health condition is causing the issue.

This behavior can be puzzling, especially if your dog usually laps their dinner up in seconds! But there are many reasons why your dog might stop eating, from dental pain and nausea to kidney disease – getting the right diagnosis is the first step.

Below, expert vets Dr. Joanna Woodnutt and Dr. Rebecca MacMillan share their top tips for increasing your dog’s appetite and explain when it might be time to consider medication.

How to increase a dog's appetite

Once you've got advice from your vet, you can try these seven simple ideas to increase your dog’s appetite at home:

1. Add something different to their bowl: Make your dog's mealtimes more interesting by adding a small amount of wet dog food, chopped chicken breast, tuna juice, or water to their bowl.

2. Warm their food: Try heating your dog’s food by microwaving it or adding a splash of boiling water. This might sound unusual, but warm food has a stronger smell, which could make your dog feel hungrier and encourage them to eat. Just ensure it’s cooled down enough before serving it to them!

3. Hand-feed them: Again, this might sound strange, but your dog could feel more tempted to eat their food if it’s offered from your hand. If they eat wet food, you could roll it into small meatballs to make it easier for both of you.

Dr. Woodnutt also suggests speaking in a soothing voice as you do this and even considering feeding them with a knife and fork.

She adds: "Be careful not to use these methods each time though, otherwise, you could be making a rod for your own back!"

4. Medication: Your vet might prescribe a medication to help, but this is usually aimed at treating an underlying symptom or condition.

5. Exercise: Dr. Woodnutt explains that, since exercise stimulates gut movement, it could be an effective way to get your dog’s appetite going again. If you want some advice on getting started, be sure to read our vet's guide on dog exercise.

6. Optimum feeding environment: Ensure your dog’s bowl is placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, and try praising them while they eat.

7. Treats and food toppers: Unless your dog is on a special diet, you could try mixing in a few of the best dog treats or a food topper to make their meal more appetizing.

Medication to increase a dog's appetite

If your dog’s lack of appetite is caused by an underlying condition or symptom, your vet might prescribe medication to target this problem. Dr. MacMillan explains that once the health issue starts to improve, their hunger is likely to improve as well.

Here are a couple of examples of what that might look like and how different medications can help:

Dr. MacMillan says: "There are drugs that can stimulate appetite in patients, but for some, this is not their main mechanism of action. Most of these are not currently licensed for this purpose in dogs. This includes benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam) and anabolic steroids, as well as mirtazapine (which is licensed for cats). However, capromorelin has recently been approved as an appetite stimulant in the US by the FDA and could prove particularly useful for dogs with long-term medical issues like chronic kidney disease.

"I never recommend that owners try and self-treat an inappetence for an extended period at home, especially if their dog is showing other symptoms like lethargy, pain, vomiting, or diarrhea. You must always get your pet checked out by a vet first to see if there is a medical issue that needs addressing.

"In some cases, very sick dogs could require hospitalization and feeding assistance via a feeding tube, until they can eat by themselves again. Appetite stimulators have a place for some dogs and can be used in the short term to get a patient eating while they recover from an illness, as well as being used in longer-term conditions. Health complaints like chronic kidney disease or cancer can affect an animal’s appetite, so stimulants could be used as part of their palliative care."

When to see a vet if your dog isn't eating

If your dog is eating less than usual and seems unwell, it’s important to have them checked by a vet. This is especially crucial if they haven’t been eating properly for over 24 hours, explains Dr. MacMillan.

She adds that anorexia in dogs can be caused by a variety of conditions, and it’s important to address them as soon as possible. "Your vet will be able to advise you if medical treatment is required, as well as make some suggestions about feeding and general care for your dog."

If you're wondering, 'How long can a dog go without eating?', this vet's guide can help.

If you’re considering getting a dog, or recently brought one home with you, you probably want to know how to be the best dog owner you can possibly be. As dog parent’s, we all strive to be the ultimate best friend to man’s best friend.

You may already know the precise treats and exact scratch spots that result in tail wagging, but what else makes a dog's life the best it can be?

There’s a lot to think about when it comes to keeping your dog happy and healthy, so to get the lowdown with professional insight, we spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with more than 15 years of experience. She’ll walk us through the five key ways you can be the best dog owner and give them the best life possible.

How to be the best dog owner

When it comes to scoring A+ as a dog owner, you need to take into account the ‘Five Freedoms’, which are crucial for ensuring your dog's health and happiness. These are the basic standards of care that every pet should receive:

• Freedom from hunger and thirst
• Freedom from discomfort
• Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
• Freedom to express normal behavior
• Freedom from fear and distress

Below, we’ll take a look at each freedom in a bit more detail and find out from Dr MacMillan how to do the best job possible when it comes to each one.

Freedom from hunger and thirst

First things first, to be a good dog owner you need to ensure your dog is fed and watered appropriately.

“This means that your dog should receive a good-quality diet containing the appropriate nutrition for their size and life stage,” says Dr MacMillan. For example, your rapidly-growing puppy is going to require the best puppy food specific to their age and development. There are different considerations for feeding a senior dog, or when choosing a food for a dog with a specific health complaint.

It’s not just what you feed your dog, but how much too.

“They should also receive the correct amount of food to ensure they maintain a healthy weight. The right quality and quantity of food is essential for good health,” adds Dr MacMillan. This is particularly important considering recent research has found as many as 59% of dogs are classified as overweight, putting them at risk of reduced quality of life, shortened lifespan and a range of conditions including osteoarthritis.

If you’re new to the world of pet food, let us help you decode it. If you’re confused with ingredient jargon on the back of the pack, check out our dog food ingredient guide.

As well as access to food, you’ll want to make sure your dog has constant access to fresh water. How much water your dog should be drinking will depend on all sorts of factors from their size and breed, to the climate you live in. If you’d like to encourage them to drink, consider investing in one of the best pet water fountains. They can tempt even the trickiest of customers with their fresh, filtered water.

Freedom from discomfort

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes shelter right at the bottom, as a fundamental requirement for humans to thrive. And dogs are no different.

“To be a good dog owner you should keep your pet comfortable; by ensuring they have a warm place to sleep and being mindful of stressors like loud noise levels, overcrowding, or inappropriate lighting, such as bright lights when trying to sleep at night,” says Dr. MacMillan.

Treat your dog to one of the best dog beds, and then choose a relaxing, quiet area in your house for it to go. This can be your dog's go-to place for sleeping, as well as resting and having a bit of me time.

Freedom from pain, injury, and disease

“Other ways you can keep your pet healthy include regular vet checks to keep them free from disease and pain. It is also important to seek help promptly if you suspect your pet has an injury or illness; to not do so would be in breach of The Five Freedoms,” advises Dr. MacMillan.

Common health complaints for dogs include gum disease, ear infections, obesity and arthritis. Their love of walking can also make them vulnerable to parasites like ticks and fleas. The best way to handle all health concerns is to get them quick, professional care.

Pet healthcare can be expensive, so the cost of owning a dog and caring for it is definitely something to take into consideration before committing to bringing one home.

“Insurance can help owners cover the costs of medical treatment and is something that all owners should consider. Preventative treatments like vaccinations and anti-parasite treatments are also strongly advised,” says Dr. MacMillan.

Not sure where to begin with pet insurance? Read our guide on how to choose the right pet insurance for you and your dog.

Freedom to express normal behavior

If you decide to get a dog, you have to accept he or she is a dog and that means they're going to, well, act like a dog. This means allowing them to express normal behaviour and providing them an outlet for this, not getting annoyed with them and wishing it were otherwise.

“Your dog should be allowed to express normal behavior through exercise, play, and socializing. Toys should be used to give dogs an outlet for other key behaviors like chewing or digging. Basically speaking, dogs should be allowed to be dogs,” says Dr. MacMillan.

Check out our round-up of the best dog toys, including the best frisbees, balls and gadgets to make your dogs tail wag. And if you’ve never had a dog before, you might be at a loss when it comes with exactly how to play with a dog or how to keep a dog mentally stimulated – but we’ve got you covered.

Freedom from fear and distress

Last of all, your dog will need a bit of TLC.

“Dogs need to receive plenty of love and positive attention, mental stimulation, and the right levels of exercise for their breed. You can improve the quality of your dog’s life by working on these three key areas, as well as ensuring their medical and nutritional needs are met," says Dr. MacMillan.

You need to make sure that your dog's environment, and the way you interact with him or her, doesn't cause them any mental suffering. This can mean making sure your house isn't filled with too many pets for its size, providing mental and physical enrichment and taking your dog out for regular walks. If your dog begins to exhibit any signs of fear or distress or anxiety, you should consider working with a dog behavioural specialist to get to the bottom of the issue.

How to give your dog the best life

To recap, to give your dog a happy life you’ll need to make sure they're fed the right quality and quantity of food, have a comfy safe place to sleep and that you take them to the vet whenever you have a concern about their health.

You also need to allow them to be a dog and express their natural behavior and ensure that you have a positive relationship that allows them to live their best life free from fear. You can be a good dog owner by following local dog ownership laws and keeping these five principles in mind at all times.

Enjoyed this feature? You may also want to read about how to show your dog you love them and learn to spot the signs a dog loves you back. Or check out the most common mistakes pet owners make and how to greet a dog

Walking your dog can be one of the most enjoyable activities out there, for both you and your pup!

However, it’s much more fun when the weather’s pleasant – you and your dog might not feel like going for a walk when there’s a thunderstorm instead! But exercise is important for our canines no matter the weather, and walks offer them plenty of physical and mental stimulation.

So, is it actually safe to put one of the best dog leashes on your pup and walk them during thunderstorms? And, how can we help support our dogs if they feel nervous about leaving the house during stormy weather?

Well, Dr. Emma Scales-Theoland, a canine behaviorist and partner of dog-friendly letting agents Canine Cottages, has some advice to share, and it’s really useful!

“Whether you should take your dog for a walk during a storm can depend on the strength and conditions of the storm, as well as how you and your dog feel,” says Dr. Scales-Theobald. She suggests that, when there’s thunder and lightning and very strong winds, it’s a good idea to keep everyone safe and simply let your dog into the yard to go to the bathroom instead.

If the weather isn’t quite as serious, but still unpleasant, she advises, “Keep walks brief to just allow them to do their business,” and suggests putting your dog in a raincoat and keeping to more built-up and sheltered areas.

“You could also consider bringing treats if your dog looks anxious and go at your dog’s pace if they seem reluctant to go out or keen to go home,” she adds. “Keep an eye out for any fallen debris and any rubbish that might have blown into your path, which could hurt your dog’s paws.”

Staying in? Dr. Scales-Theobald advises creating a calming playlist with nature sounds or white noises or choosing something calming on the TV to distract your pup. Likewise, while dogs often enjoy looking outside, it’s a good idea to close the drapes in a storm – your dog might find it distressing otherwise.

Play some indoor games for dogs to ensure they’re getting enough stimulation. Play fetch if you have enough space, or try one of the best puzzle feeders or long lasting dog chews. If your pup is particularly anxious, calming aids like diffusers and sprays can help – or you could speak to your vet about calming medication if it’s a more serious issue.

Thunderstorms can often come with cold weather, so here’s how to keep a dog warm outside. And here’s how to protect your dog’s paws in bad weather.

Dogs, like humans, can sometimes find it difficult to cope when they’re out and about, and might need to take a breather.

You might find that your dog stops responding to familiar cues and commands, won’t take food or even the best dog treats, or seems more worried or overexcited than normal. So, in this sort of situation, what can you do? What’s best for your dog if they seem to be struggling?

Well, certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained all we need to know about how to handle our pups when they’re like this in a recent Instagram post, with some help from a dog she’s working with, Pooh.

“Take a few minutes to do nothing,” says Goodman. “Because doing nothing is doing something. Based on the way Pooh put himself in my lap, he needed some comfort and time to take everything in before being able to learn and focus.”

If you give your pup the chance to have a break, they can really get to grips with their environment, slow their mind down, and use their nose, too. In the long run, this can help both of you. She could tell that Pooh needed some time to just sit and watch, so it’s important to keep watch on your dog’s body language to see if they want to do the same – it’s a great way to help anxiety in dogs, among other emotions.

“I didn’t really talk to him,” Goodman continues, “Just calm petting to help him relax and strengthen our connection. This was my first time taking Pooh out so I learned that he needs a few minutes to take things in before I ask him to do anything, for now. So that is how he will be starting his walks and any training done outside of the house for a little while.”

Goodman explains that she’ll often do this when first arriving somewhere in public with a dog, but that it can also apply to the neighborhood on a regular walk, too. If your pup needs time to sit down, even on a regular and familiar walking route, there’s no harm in letting them do so. It can be really beneficial!

You might also like to read up on these ways to support a scared or anxious pet, as well as these ways to destress your dog. Meanwhile, here are eight reasons why your dog is anxious (and how to help them).

When you’re a dog parent, how do you know what information is true and what isn’t? It can be impossible, particularly when we can also be bombarded with advice from well-meaning loved ones – and it might not always be based in fact!

The reality is, there are an awful lot of misconceptions, and some of them are believed by many of us. Fortunately, however, experts like Amelia Steele – or Amelia the Dog Trainer – a professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant, are here to help us out.

In a recent Instagram post, she highlighted some common misconceptions from the dog training industry, and it’s a real eye-opener.

1. You shouldn’t pick up your small dog: “We’re always told not to pick up our dogs because it’ll make things way worse,” says Steele. “But if it’s your only option at preventing a reaction, or keeping your dog safe, there is no harm in it.”

She explains that it’s not something she’d do every time, and it’s best to have a management strategy in place, but that it’s fine as a last resort – and if you don’t have much experience with smaller dogs, don’t forget to take a look at these first time dog owner tips you’ll be grateful to know!

2. You shouldn’t let your dog walk in front or to the side: Your pup isn’t trying to be the ‘alpha’ or dominate you by walking in front – they might just have a faster walking pace.

“This is totally normal,” Steele explains, “And if it’s not causing you any problems, it’s not a problem!”

3. Your dog is reactive because they’re feeding off your energy: “Your dog has their own thoughts and feelings about the world and it’s not your fault if your dog has decided that they’re afraid of something or are frustrated,” Steele says.

“Yes, there are ways that we can change our behavior to help, but don’t blame it entirely on yourself,” she adds. “And, don’t feel like you are feeding your dog’s anxiety because it stresses you out.”

If you’d like to find out the truth about more things we’re often misled about, why not take a look at these six dog nutrition myths busted by a vet? And, if reactivity in dogs is something you’re particularly hoping to tackle, you might find the following article interesting: Owning a reactive dog is hard. Here's how I navigated the social challenges with my pooch.

When walking the dog becomes just another thing on your to-do list, it can be easy to rush through it simply to get it done and check it off.

This is totally understandable when we can often be incredibly busy – it’s just one more thing to need to do. But it can be incredibly rewarding to take time to simply stop and take in your surroundings when you’re on a walk with your pup alongside you. It’s one way to help keep dog walks fun, and is potentially improving your dog’s behavior and making you feel more relaxed at the same time, it’s a win-win!

Professional dog trainer and behavioral consultant Amelia Steele, or Amelia the Dog Trainer, has explained all we need to know in a new Instagram post, so let’s take a look.

“How often on a walk do you just stop, and look at what’s around you, and just hang out with your dog?” asks Steele to begin her video. “Well, what if I told you this is a really, really easy way to boost your dog’s behavior and make the walk more relaxing for you?”

She explains that, often, we forget to slow down during our walks, when stopping and spending time either taking in our surroundings or playing small games with our pups to calm them can really help. Doing so can slow down our walks, and get our dogs in the best headspace, stopping the continuation of anxiety and adrenaline that can often run through a walk.

Playing on a walk is really important, and ideally, each walk you enjoy with your pup should have an element of it, whether they’re playing with you or with other dogs. Playing can help focus a distracted dog and give them the chance to let off steam, too, which could lead to a more fruitful walk as a whole.

Remember, too, that dogs love to sniff. If you decide to stop and relax for a while, it’s a great opportunity for your dog to get the mental stimulation that sniffing provides, helping them to understand their world – for more about the benefits of sniffing, this article is an interesting read: I tried a 45-minute 'sniffari', and it tired out my border collie more than a two-hour hike!

If you’d like to stop more frequently but your pup is a leash puller, meanwhile, you might find this article from a fellow dog parent insightful: My dog’s leash pulling made walks miserable until I helped her reactivity, here’s how.

If a dog comes up to you, your first instinct might be to pet them. Of course, it’s good advice generally not to pet dogs you don’t know, but it can be tempting to reach out if they’re the ones approaching us to smell us first.

However, a dog coming up and smelling you is not necessarily an invitation for you to touch them – and not all dogs are comfortable with us doing so. Rather, it’s best to have some of the best dog treats on hand to make the dog feel more at ease.

Certified dog trainer Melissa Goodman of Mission Pawsitive has explained everything we need to know in a recent Instagram post, and it’s given us plenty of food for thought – and it’ll help us ensure we keep the dogs around us as comfortable as possible, too!

In Goodman’s video, she’s being approached by a dog, Hazel. “Have you made this assumption before?” Goodman asks, “See how she’s extending her back legs as far as she can? She’s not asking me to pet her right now.”

She says ‘good girl’ and throws treats for Hazel, who appears to simply be checking her out and gathering information by scent, rather than wanting to be touched.

“She kind of goes, ‘Oh wait, I think I pushed myself too far. Uh oh, now what do I do,” says Goodman about Hazel, explaining that dogs in this situation can have their fight or flight instincts kick in.

She adds in the caption, “If I reached out to pet her, she would have jumped back because she definitely had no interest in interacting with me. If you do it to the wrong dog, that’s how you get bitten.”

Where Hazel is leaning forward and shifting her weight, it’s so she can move away quickly if she needs to – knowing how to read dog body language can be so important! This is why Goodman gives her a treat – it prevents her from feeling stuck in the situation, but also rewards her for being brave. And, as she summarizes, “Unless a dog makes it very obvious they want physical affection from me, I don’t pet them.”

While it’s totally fine for dogs not to want to be touched all the time, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on your own pup to see if they exhibit anxious behavior on a regular basis. These eight reasons why your dog is anxious (and how to help them) could be eye-opening.

As any dog parent will know, chews can be great. They provide so much physical and mental stimulation, keeping your pup busy during those times when you can’t be right by their side to play with them while keeping their teeth clean and even helping to relieve anxiety. They’re certainly useful!

If your dog enjoys the best long lasting dog chews, that’s brilliant! However, it’s important that we ensure we’re only buying chews that are safe for our dogs – some of them can be more dangerous than we might expect, according to a British government body.

The UK’s Food Standards Agency (FSA) has issued advice to pet parents concerning a number of dog chews that have been linked to ‘werewolf syndrome’ – the symptoms of this condition include panic attacks, aggression, spasms, and epileptic fits, while it can sometimes be fatal.

Reports from the European Union first raised the concerns, with the EU and FSA identifying 10 Barkoo and Chrisco chews linked to dogs developing the condition. Tina Potter, head of incidents at the FSA, said, “Based on international investigations so far, we are advising dog owners to avoid feeding the affected chews to dogs as a precaution. There is no evidence to suggest these products present any risk to human health."

While concerns have been raised in Europe, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on the chews you give your pup, wherever you live – and you can take a closer look at the chews on the FSA’s website. The body advises anyone who has fed the affected chews to their dog to stop doing so immediately, while anyone with an unwell dog who’s had a chew should seek veterinary advice.

It also advises vets to be alert to symptoms in dogs presenting at their surgeries – particularly as the chews have a long shelf life and could have been bought a number of months ago, so cases could be ongoing for a while.

And, with many dog chews available to buy online, it’s well worth checking the chews you have at home for your dog – it’s better to be safe than sorry!

If your dog loves chews and you want to ensure they’re getting the safest – particularly if they’re very enthusiastic with their chews – why not take a look at these safe dog chews for aggressive chewers? Meanwhile, here are the 10 dog breeds that chew the most – is your pup’s breed on the list?