For any dog parent, your pup’s health is going to be a concern. But dental health can sometimes be overlooked, meaning that our dogs might be suffering in silence.

You might brush your dog’s teeth on a regular basis or give them the best dental chews for a healthy mouth, but a new study from Purina Dentalife has found that almost a third of dog parents (30%) ignore bad breath, assuming that it’s normal for dogs despite 42% of all respondents saying their dog has it, while a quarter can’t tell if their dogs’ teeth and gums are in good shape.

Almost one quarter have noticed their pup struggling to eat, while 23% have noticed inflamed gums, and 13% have seen their dog pawing at their mouth.

More than a third have even delayed a vet visit in the past, hoping that dental issues will “sort themselves out,” with only 41% saying they’d go straight to the vet, while just 25% link symptoms like drooling or behavioral changes to tooth and gum issues.

For 22%, the internet is the first place to seek out information, with 32% searching for information about their dog’s health and behavior online each week, but a whopping 74% find themselves more confused than when they started. Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs, for example?

Spokesperson Dr Paul Manktelow said: “Dental disease affects over 80% of dogs over the age of three and often goes unnoticed. Early signs like bad breath, red or swollen gums, and tartar build-up can be easily missed, but the infection can progress and impact a dog’s overall health.

“That’s why daily dental care matters. Regular brushing is ideal, but many owners find it challenging.”

He added: “If your dog has persistent bad breath, red or bleeding gums, stops eating, or seems in pain, it’s time to call your vet. These can all be signs of dental disease that needs treatment. For general advice on prevention, like how to start a dental care routine – stick to trusted sources, but if you’re ever unsure, always speak to a vet.”

More than 60% of dog parents give their pet chews or sticks to help, while 43% take them to the vet for professional cleaning, and 40% brush their teeth at home. Of those pet parents who don’t brush their dog’s teeth, a third (34%) said their dog won’t let them, while 14% say it isn’t necessary – here’s how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing.

If you’d like to know how to better care for your pup’s mouth, here’s how to keep dog teeth clean with tips from a vet. Take a look at our list of dog gum diseases and five vet-approved ways to prevent them, too.

Brushing your teeth is one of those things you do without really thinking about it – it’s just a habit. But while most of us brush our own teeth twice a day like clockwork, how often are you brushing your dog’s?

In the UK, less than 10% of dog parents reach for the best dog toothpaste and brush those chompers, research has shown, even though not doing so can lead to health problems. Many people just aren’t aware of the importance of brushing a dog’s teeth, which is where the experts come in.

Dr Charlotte Rice, a vet with pet supplement brand YuMove, explains that it’s important to keep dog teeth clean.

“Not brushing your dog's teeth regularly can lead to a build-up of plaque and tartar, which can cause dental problems leading to bad breath, gum disease, tooth loss, and even general health problems.”

She acknowledges that brushing a dog’s teeth can be difficult, with some dogs being very energetic and others feeling distressed by it. However, you could try using a finger brush with silicone bristles, dog-specific toothbrushes, which you could move onto once your dog gets used to the process, and dog-specific toothpastes in flavors dogs enjoy – not the usual mint!

“When brushing, it’s important to stay as calm as this helps to keep your dog as relaxed as possible,” she adds. “Try to get your dog used to brushing from when they are a puppy. This said, it’s never too late to get started at any stage of your dog's life.ˮ

Dr Rice recommends trying to brush your dog’s teeth once a day, or at least three times a week – this will help reduce the risk of conditions like dog gum diseases. She adds, “The most important thing to remember if you are going to use a toothpaste, is to use one that’s specially designed for pets as human toothpastes contain xylitol, which is toxic to our furry friends.”

Meanwhile, the best dental sticks and chews are also useful, helping your dog to keep their teeth clean while giving them a treat they love. Just be mindful not to overfeed them to avoid weight gain and it’s a win-win for your pup – they shouldn’t replace brushing, however.

Read next: How to brush a dog’s teeth and How to remove tartar build-up in dogs

Before we talk too much about homemade dog toothpaste, it’s probably worth looking at what’s in shop-bought dog toothpaste, and why.

Most of the ingredients in shop-bought dog toothpaste are there to make toothpaste behave as we humans expect. There’s water (sometimes called ‘aqua’), something to make it paste-like (usually xanthan gum and sorbitol), something to give it color (such as titanium dioxide), and sometimes some foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

You’ll normally find some flavoring, although for pets this is usually meat, cheese, or even peanut butter flavor, not the mint we humans have come to expect.

Then, there are the active ingredients, which have a more practical purpose. You’ll usually see abrasive ingredients, which help to scrub away at the surface of the teeth – calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, alumina or silica are all examples. And some toothpastes have enzymes, which help to break down plaque and tartar.

I've been a vet for eight years, and have answered your FAQs about homemade dog toothpaste.

Can I use homemade dog toothpaste?

If the ingredient list above sounds a bit scary, that’s understandable. Chemical names are like a whole other language sometimes! So, can you make homemade dog toothpaste instead?

Well, it’s risky. Most ingredients that humans use in homemade toothpaste can’t be used in dogs. Remember, dogs swallow their toothpaste, not spit – meaning whatever their toothpaste is made from needs to be edible. In addition, dogs cannot be told of the importance of toothbrushing – whatever you use needs to be tasty enough to encourage them to participate.

If you’ve run out of the best dog toothpaste, it’s better to use just water to clean their teeth – the mechanical action of the toothbrush is the most important thing for tooth cleaning. We also have a guide to the best toothbrushes for dogs, too!

Does coconut oil remove plaque from dog's teeth?

Studies in humans have shown that ‘oil pulling’ (mouth washing) with coconut oil (and sometimes other oils) may reduce plaque and reduce the numbers of dental bacteria in a similar method to antibacterial mouthwashes. There are no studies in dogs, except one in-vitro study that showed coconut oil may be effective on the common bacteria in pet mouths.

So yes, it’s possible coconut oil reduces plaque on dog teeth, but whether it’s as effective as store-bought toothpaste remains to be seen. Don’t forget, coconut oil contains a lot of calories, and since dogs can’t be taught to spit, you’ll need to account for this in their daily calorie allowance to keep them at a healthy weight. Dogs with pancreatitis should also avoid eating coconut oil, which might cause a flare up.

Is baking soda safe for dog toothpaste?

In humans, baking soda is often added to toothpaste to aid plaque and stain removal. It’s mildly abrasive (but not enough to damage enamel, according to this study), but has been shown to be more effective than non-soda toothpastes at removing plaque. But what about in dogs?

Firstly, it’s worth noting that dog and human enamel are fairly similar in structure, although dog enamel tends to be much thinner, making them more susceptible to wear. There’s a risk that regular brushing with baking soda could damage the teeth. More immediately though, baking soda is not intended for eating. Being an alkali, it can froth in the stomach acid (think those baking-soda-and-vinegar volcanoes) and cause dogs to feel really ill.

It’s also worth mentioning that baking soda is actually toxic to dogs – although not in the quantities used in toothpaste.

Homemade dog toothpaste recipes to avoid

Despite the above advice from vets like myself, you’ll find plenty of homemade dog toothpaste recipes online. Here are some common ones, and the reasons I don’t recommend them:

1. Broth, baking soda, and oil

Broth is high in salt, which can be bad for pet health. It also isn’t great for spreading on teeth, as it may feed the oral bacteria. As we’ve discussed above, baking soda may be too harsh for dog teeth over time and shouldn’t be swallowed.

2. Bullion, cinnamon, and baking soda

Even worse than using liquid broth is using the extremely concentrated bullion cubes you’ll find in the supermarket. These things are almost entirely made of salt, sugar, and MSG, and – while they may taste good, they can promote bacterial growth as well as be too salty for your pets. Adding a tiny amount of cinnamon is unlikely to have any health benefits.

3. Coconut oil and turmeric

While we’ve shown that coconut oil can be a good option for the teeth, it also has its downsides which should be considered when mixing homemade toothpaste for dogs.

Recipes sometimes advise combining it with turmeric, but this spice is strong in flavor and is likely to put off any dogs from using it. While one of the compounds in turmeric (curcumin) does have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, it needs to be used in far higher doses than the tiny amount your dog is going to get in their daily toothbrushing regime. Even concentrated curcumin has not been proven to have clinically significant effects on oral health in humans, much less so dogs.

4. Additional herbs or dried kelp

While these three recipes make up the majority of bases, there are also plenty of ingredients that get added as an afterthought. Mint leaves and parsley leaves may taste good to us, but dogs aren’t usually too excited. Additionally, they make for a weird, bitty texture, and are likely to get wedged in the teeth, causing more harm than good.

The addition of half a teaspoon of dried kelp to a cup or more of toothpaste has similar problems. While often promoted as being ‘immune boosting’, this teeny tiny amount of kelp isn’t likely to have any effect at all – but like the herbs, it does introduce small particles which can get wedged into your dog’s teeth and provide more food for the bacteria.

The solution?

Stick to the best dog toothpaste – you’ll know it’s safe for your dog, and the biological enzymes can be fantastic, especially for dogs that are a bit reluctant. If you run out, don’t stop brushing your dog’s teeth, and don’t waste your time with homemade dog toothpaste either – brush just with water or a very tiny amount of oil, and pick up where you left off as soon as the new toothpaste arrives.

You might also want to read about how to brush a dog's teeth and how often to brush a dog's teeth.

Dog teeth rotting is a serious and common issue among our canine companions, often progressing rapidly if not addressed. That's why it's important to brush their teeth regularly using the best dog toothpaste and best toothbrushes for dogs.

Just as humans can suffer from dental problems, dogs are also prone to issues like tartar build-up, infections, and tooth decay. Unfortunately, dental health in dogs is frequently overlooked, leading to painful and severe conditions that can affect their quality of life.

Below, vet Emma Chandley shares her expertise on the symptoms, causes, and treatment of dog tooth decay. With over 13 years of experience in general practice and a lifetime of dog ownership, Emma’s insights will help you understand how to care for your dog’s teeth, prevent dental disease, and keep their smile bright and healthy.

What do rotting dog teeth look like?

Detecting dog teeth rotting early is essential. Here are common symptoms to watch for:

Tartar build-up
Yellow or brown tartar buildup on teeth is a typical sign of early dental disease. Left untreated, it can lead to decay and dog gum disease.

Red, swollen gums
Bacteria trapped between the tooth and gum can cause gingivitis, where gums become red, inflamed, and prone to bleeding. Healthy dog gums should be firm and pink in color.

Bad breath
Persistent bad breath in dogs, also known as halitosis, is often a sign of underlying dental problems, including rotting teeth.

Holes or cavities
Cavities may appear as dark spots or visible holes, especially on the chewing surfaces of teeth.

Missing teeth
In advanced stages, tooth decay can cause teeth to loosen and fall out.

Difficulty eating
Dogs with tooth decay may experience pain when eating, especially hard food, and may avoid meals or show discomfort.

Hypersalivation
Excessive dog drooling can be a response to pain or infection in the mouth.

Pus or discharge
An infected tooth may release pus or discharge from the gums, often near the decayed area.

Pain around the mouth
Your dog may pull away or whine when you touch areas near their mouth due to discomfort from dental decay.

What causes rotting dog teeth?

Several factors can contribute to rotting dog teeth. Here are the most common causes:

Poor dental hygiene
Infrequent brushing or lack of regular cleaning leads to plaque and tartar buildup, the root of most dental diseases.

Diet
A diet of soft or sugary foods can promote plaque formation and bacterial growth, accelerating tooth decay.

Dental disease
Conditions like periodontal disease, gingivitis, and tooth infections can result in rotting teeth if untreated.

Genetics
Some breeds, particularly smaller ones with crowded teeth, are genetically predisposed to dental issues.

Health conditions
Health problems such as diabetes, kidney disease, and hormonal imbalances can negatively impact dental health.

Trauma
Tooth fractures from injury can lead to infections and decay.

Lack of vet care
Without regular vet checkups and professional cleanings, dental problems can progress unchecked.

Age
Older dogs experience more dental wear and tear, making them more susceptible to decay over time.

What do I do if my dog has rotten teeth?

If you suspect your dog has rotten teeth, consult your vet immediately. A vet can assess the extent of decay and recommend appropriate treatment. Early intervention is crucial to prevent further pain and complications.

While professional care is essential, there are steps you can take at home to help maintain your dog’s dental health:

Regular brushing
Regular brushing prevents plaque and tartar buildup. We recommend using a dog toothbrush and paste, as opposed to making homemade dog toothpaste.

Dental chews and treats
Dental chews help clean teeth and freshen breath. Choose products safe and suitable for your dog’s size, breed, and age.

Dental diets
Some dog foods are designed to reduce plaque and tartar. Your vet can advise on the best options for your pet.

Water and food additives
Certain additives can help reduce plaque and freshen breath. Always confirm with your vet that these products are safe for your dog.

Regular vet checkups and cleaning under anesthesia can prevent serious dental problems. Severe tooth decay, left untreated, can lead to infections, abscesses, and overall health issues.

When to seek emergency care for rotting dog teeth

In some situations, immediate vet attention is necessary. Contact your vet urgently if you notice:

• Severe infection: Symptoms like swelling around the mouth, pus or discharge, and fever may indicate an abscess or severe infection.
• Pain and difficulty eating: If your dog refuses to eat, drools excessively, or shows signs of distress, urgent dental care may be needed.

Is it normal for senior dogs to have rotten teeth?

It is not normal for older dogs to have rotten teeth, although unfortunately, it is common. As dogs age, due to general wear and tear on their teeth, they are more likely to experience dental problems such as gum disease, plaque buildup, and tooth decay. This is especially true if they haven't been receiving regular dental care.

This doesn't mean rotten teeth are an inevitable part of aging, just that we need to monitor them closely. Rotten teeth can cause significant pain and lead to other health issues, so it’s important to keep a close eye on our elderly friends.

You might also find helpful: How to brush a dog's teeth and Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs?

Tartar build-up in dogs is a common dental issue owners and vets frequently encounter. If it's not properly addressed, this condition can lead to serious dental problems.

Tartar, also known as calculus, forms in your dog's mouth when plaque—a soft, sticky substance—builds up on the teeth. If plaque is not removed, it hardens over time due to minerals in the dog’s saliva, forming tartar. Left untreated, tartar buildup can cause bad breath, gum disease, and even tooth loss.

The good news is that tartar buildup is preventable and treatable. With the right products and practices, you can keep your dog’s mouth clean and healthy. Start by getting the best toothbrush for dogs, the best dog toothpaste, and learning how to brush a dog’s teeth.

Below, Emma Chandley, a small animal vet surgeon with more than 13 years of experience, will guide you through effective methods to remove tartar from your dog’s teeth.

Why does my dog have so much tartar?

Tartar build-up in dogs is caused by a combination of a few different things accumulating in their mouth. These include:

• Bacteria in the mouth help to form plaque, a sticky film that clings to teeth.
• Food particles can get stuck in between the teeth and contribute to plaque build-up.
• Saliva contains minerals that can harden the plaque, turning it into tartar.

The formation of tartar starts when plaque accumulates on your dog’s teeth. Plaque is a sticky film that forms when bacteria mix with saliva and food debris. This film can build up quickly, especially if your dog eats wet food or a carbohydrate-rich diet.

If plaque is not removed by brushing (or other methods), it hardens within 24 to 48 hours, becoming mineralized tartar. Once tartar has formed, it’s much harder to remove and often requires professional cleaning by a vet.

Factors that influence tartar build-up in dogs:

Diet
Dogs that eat soft or moist food are more prone to tartar buildup. This type of food tends to stick to their teeth, promoting plaque formation. Hard, dry kibble may help scrub the teeth through mechanical debridement and reduce plaque accumulation, but this alone should not be relied upon.

Lack of dental care
Without regular brushing or professional cleaning by a vet, tartar accumulates easily. Dogs that don’t receive routine dental care are more likely to develop tartar.

Genetics and breed
Some dog breeds are more susceptible to tartar buildup. Smaller breeds, for example, often experience dental issues because their teeth are closer together, or their mouths are overcrowded, making it easier for plaque to accumulate.

Age
Older dogs are more likely to have prolonged exposure to plaque, increasing the likelihood of tartar development. As dogs grow older, their teeth are subjected to more wear and tear as well, which can facilitate the development of tartar.

Health conditions
Certain health conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances, can contribute to poor dental health, making tartar buildup more likely. Some medications may also dry out a dog’s mouth, exacerbating the problem.

How can I remove tartar from my dog's teeth?

Tartar buildup should never be ignored, as it can lead to dog gum disease and tooth loss. Regular cleaning and use of appropriate products can help maintain your dog's dental hygiene. Here are several methods for removing tartar from your dog’s teeth:

Brushing your dog’s teeth
Brushing your dog’s teeth is the most effective way to prevent and reduce tartar build-up. Regular brushing removes plaque before it hardens into tartar. Use a toothbrush designed specifically for dogs and make sure to choose dog-safe toothpaste. Regular brushing is the most effective way to maintain your dog's dental health. You might be tempted to make homemade dog toothpaste, but it's always best to stick to a store-bought option that's formulated for your pooch.

Dental chews and treats
The best dental chews for dogs can be useful for mechanically scrubbing teeth and helping to reduce plaque and tartar. Many dental chews also contain ingredients like enzymes or antibacterial agents, promoting better oral health.

Dental wipes
Dental wipes are another convenient option for improving your dog’s oral hygiene. These wipes remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth and gums, especially for dogs that are hesitant about using a toothbrush. Wrap the wipe around your finger and gently rub it across your dog’s teeth and gums.

Water and food additives
Water and food additives help reduce plaque and tartar formation by killing bacteria in your dog’s mouth. These additives usually contain enzymatic ingredients or chlorhexidine, which help reduce bacterial growth and plaque accumulation. Plus, they promote fresher breath, which is a nice added benefit!

Dietary adjustments
Switching from wet to the best dry dog food can improve oral health. Crunching dry food helps scrape away plaque from the teeth. Additionally, dental diets are formulated to reduce plaque and tartar formation as your dog chews. Many dental foods also contain enzymes that help break down plaque and tartar over time.

Professional dental cleaning
In some cases, professional dental cleaning may be necessary. Your vet can perform a thorough scale and polish under general anesthesia, using ultrasonic equipment to remove all tartar, including areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush. If there are any rotten teeth that need extraction, this can be done at the same time.

What’s the difference between plaque and tartar?

Understanding the difference between plaque and tartar is essential for maintaining your dog’s oral health.

• Plaque is a soft, sticky film that forms on the teeth when bacteria mix with food particles and saliva. Plaque is easier to remove through regular brushing or dental treats. However, if left untreated, plaque hardens and becomes tartar.
• Tartar (or calculus) is hardened plaque that has become mineralized over time. It forms a yellow or brown layer on the teeth and is much harder to remove. Tartar usually requires professional cleaning by a vet. Tartar can extend below the gumline, creating pockets that trap bacteria and lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and even damage to the jaw bones.

Why they're both bad for dogs:

• Plaque may be softer, but it still irritates the gums and causes bad breath. When plaque isn’t removed, it leads to gum inflammation and more severe dental issues, causing pain for your dog.
• Tartar buildup causes gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth decay, and can even result in tooth loss. The bacteria in tartar can enter the bloodstream and cause infections in other organs, making it a serious health risk. Tartar buildup also causes pain and discomfort, especially when it leads to inflamed gums and loose teeth. We also have a helpful feature on dog teeth rotting.

We also have helpful advice on how to keep dog teeth clean and healthy and have answered, 'Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs?'

If you're looking for the best dog toothpaste, you've come to the right place. Below, we've rounded up five options that will keep your dog's teeth in tip-top condition and freshen up their breath.

To make things simple for you, we've selected just one toothpaste as our winner, along with four alternative products, such as water additives or chews that can make a big difference to your dog's oral health.

Following a dental routine is one of the most important things you can do for your pup, but if they hate having their teeth cleaned, these alternatives can come in handy. Keep in mind, though, that you won't get the full effects like you would with the best toothbrush for dogs.

Expert vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan explains: "I believe that nothing replaces the physical act of toothbrushing, but some of these other products can be a useful aid, especially in dogs that are not compliant."

As recommended, we've only included products that are approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC), which means they've been tested and verified under clinical trials. Here are five products we think are great:

The best dog toothpastes 2026

Other dog toothpastes to consider

We've only included VOHC-recommended products in the list above, but you might also want to consider...

How we tested the best dog toothpaste

Before choosing and testing the best dog toothpaste, it was important that we consulted our in-house vet Dr. MacMillan first. She explained which ingredients to avoid – such as fluoride and sweeteners – and recommended products approved by the VOHC.

After hours of research, we selected five options that met these criteria to try on our own dogs, and I asked our testers the following questions:

Taste: Does your dog like the taste? Does the taste encourage your dog to accept brushing?

Effectiveness: Does the product help to freshen your dog's breath? Have you noticed a difference in plaque and tartar buildup in dogs?

User experience: Is the product easy to work with? Does it work well with toothbrushes (if applicable)?

Value for money: Would you buy this product again? Is it worth the money based on quality and quantity?

Here's more information on how we test.

How to choose the best dog toothpaste

Flavor
When choosing the best dog toothpaste, it's important to consider the flavor and pick one that your dog will enjoy. This will help your pooch to build a positive association with brushing their teeth and make it a good experience for both of you.

Ingredients
You'll want to avoid ingredients, like fluoride, sweeteners, and foaming agents, which can be harmful to your dog. You won't find any of these in the products listed above.

Alternatives
Once you've aced your dog's toothbrushing routine, you might want to consider buying additional dental products, like powders and treats. These can contribute to healthy teeth, gums, and overall health, and we've suggested some brilliant options above that are approved by vet professionals.

Can I use human toothpaste on dogs?

Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs? No, you should never use human toothpaste on your dog as they contain potentially harmful ingredients. Dr. MacMillan has explained what they are below:

Fluoride: "Fluoride should not be consumed regularly or in large quantities, as it can cause discoloration and wear of the teeth and bone abnormalities, amongst other issues. Too much fluoride is also bad for humans, which is the reason why we spit our toothpaste after brushing. Dogs are not able to do this, however, meaning they will consume most of the paste. They also don’t particularly suffer from cavities, like we do, so fluoride is not a necessary part of their oral care."

Xylitol: "Some human toothpastes contain xylitol which is an artificial sweetener. This ingredient is extremely dangerous to dogs. It causes the dog to release a large amount of insulin making their blood sugar levels plummet, leading to collapse, tremors, and seizures. Xylitol is also found in many other human products like sugar-free gum, medications, and sugar-free sweets."

Foaming agents: "Human toothpaste contains foaming agents, giving us a satisfying froth while we brush our teeth. Ingredients like sodium lauryl sulfate are not meant to be swallowed, which again is why we spit our paste out. Dogs will just swallow their paste during brushing, which could be problematic if you were using a human paste."

Dr. MacMillan adds that the minty taste can be off-putting for dogs, leading them to build a negative association with brushing.

If you're tempted to make homemade dog toothpaste, our vet has explained why it's not a good idea in this guide.

Is dog toothpaste safe?

Yes, dog toothpaste is safe. Dr. MacMillan assures that as long as it's made by a reputable manufacturer and is designed specifically for pets, it's absolutely fine to use on your dog!

She says: "If you want assurance about their safety, as well as their effectiveness, I recommend that owners buy a product recommended by The Veterinary Oral Health Council. These products have been approved by a team of veterinary dentists and given the VHOC seal of approval.

"As well as toothpaste, you can find a range of other products to complement your toothbrushing regime, such as dental chews and diets. You should view any dental products being plugged on social media with suspicion; many make wild claims that are not founded on evidence. Speak to your vet for further advice on the best toothpaste to use for your dog."

For more dental advice, read our guide to healthy dog gums and how to clean a dog's teeth without brushing.

Have you ever wondered whether you can use regular toothpaste on dogs? More and more people are listening to their vets and including oral care as part of their dog’s daily routine, but when it comes to the best toothpastes for dogs, there’s still some confusion.

It seems like a lot of hassle to have an extra tube of the best dog toothpaste, and it’s more expensive than some human ones. leading people to ask, “Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs?”.

I’ve been working as a vet for more than eight years and in that time I’ve seen a lot of dental problems. In fact, dental disease is the most common condition our pets suffer from, according to a study published in the Journal of BMC Veterinary Research.

Keeping your dog's teeth clean with regular brushing is one of the best things you can do to help them, but it does need to be their own toothpaste, not human toothpaste. In fact, this is pretty important, and I’m going to explain why.

Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs?

It’s not a good idea to use regular toothpaste on dogs. Human toothpastes contain ingredients that are safe for humans, but toxic to dogs – especially when you remember that we spit our toothpaste out, and our dogs don’t. Here are some reasons why it's best to avoid it:

1. Fluoride can be toxic

Most human toothpastes contain fluoride which helps to avoid cavities. However, we spit out our toothpaste, rather than swallowing it. When swallowed, fluoride can be toxic to our pets. Although a large amount can be fatal, small amounts over a long period can also be problematic, causing skeletal problems, weight loss, and lethargy in dogs.

2. Some toothpastes contain xylitol

Since sugar is bad for human teeth, increasing the rate of cavity formation, some toothpastes are sweetened with xylitol. This tastes sweet but isn’t as bad for your teeth. But most importantly, it’s really toxic to dogs. Even a small amount of xylitol causes an often fatal drop in blood glucose, causing dogs to collapse and start seizing.

3. The flavor can be off-putting

Another important consideration is that dogs don’t generally like their toothpaste as strongly flavored as we do. The strong mint flavor of some toothpastes can cause dogs distress and put them off having their teeth brushed. Since their co-operation is kind of essential for toothbrushing, it’s best not to use anything they dislike!

What toothpaste should I use on my dog’s teeth?

So, now you know you can’t use human toothpaste on dogs, what should you use? Well, the best toothpastes for dogs contain enzymes, which help to clean the teeth even if brushing isn’t perfect. They’re also flavored for dogs – usually with meat flavorings – to make sure your dog is a willing participant in the brushing process!

If your toothpaste is listed on the VOHC list of approved products, it means it has been independently assessed by a panel of veterinary dental health professionals.

What about homemade dog toothpaste? Although it might be tempting to whip up your own recipe, it's always best to buy one that's specially formulated for dogs.

If you can’t find a toothpaste your dog likes, or you have run out, don’t use human toothpaste. You’re better off just using water – most of the benefits of toothbrushing come from the mechanical action of the bristles cleaning under the gum line and disturbing the plaque rather than the toothpaste itself.

You’ll also need to get yourself the best toothbrush for dogs, although I’d definitely say when it comes to toothbrushes, one size does not fit all! You might find it takes a bit of trial and error before you find a toothbrush your dog enjoys – don’t give up on it!

Do I have to clean my dog’s teeth?

As we said earlier, periodontal disease is the most common disease our dogs suffer from and can result in pain, repeated operations, and tooth loss. So, it makes sense to do everything we can to prevent it.

Studies have consistently shown that even though there is a strong genetic element, brushing your dog’s teeth is the best way to prevent periodontal disease. Our article on how to brush a dog’s teeth might help.

That said, if your dog really isn’t getting to grips with toothbrushing, there are other things you can do to help. Plenty of other products on the VOHC list are proven to help reduce plaque and/or tartar build-up in dogs, so take a look and see what might suit your routine. Some are food additives, others are water additives, and there are special dental diets too. None of these things are as good as toothbrushing, but they’re better than nothing if your dog really isn’t playing ball!

You might also find helpful: A guide to healthy dog gums and how to prevent and treat dog gum disease.

One often overlooked aspect of our dogs’ health can be their teeth. However, canine teeth can play a big part in health issues, so it’s important to know how to keep your dog’s teeth clean.

Their teeth are so important and holistic vet Alan Slater has been working with Green Pantry to share how we can easily help look after our dogs’ teeth. It takes less effort than you might think!

Slater says, “The signs your dog has dental issues can be subtle, so it’s important to keep a close eye on them. The most common issues to look out for are chewing difficulties, pawing at the mouth, drooling excessively, and loss of appetite. If you see these, it's better to be safe than sorry and get in touch with a vet as soon as possible.”

He explains that poor dental health can be associated with other health conditions, from liver and kidney disease to heart issues. Weight loss can be another problem, if your dog has a reduced appetite due to poor dental health.

So, how can we keep our pups’ teeth in good shape? Slater has four easy tips that don’t take much effort.

1. Brush their teeth at least three times a week

Slater advises brushing your dog’s teeth at least three times a week using one of the best dog toothbrushes and best dog toothpaste – here’s a guide on how to brush your dog’s teeth.

“Go slow and use positive reinforcement, such as providing their favorite treats alongside verbal praise if they behave well, to make it an enjoyable experience,” he says.

Meanwhile, here’s how to clean dog teeth without brushing .

2. Give them treats with mint and parsley

Try one of the best dog dental chews, treats or supplements with ingredients like mint and parsley, as these can help slow plaque and tartar buildup. Use specialist toys that are designed to clean teeth, too.

3. Go for regular checkups

Regular visits to the vet are important, and we should be ensuring our dogs have dental examinations alongside their annual checkups. If your dog belongs to a breed more prone to dental issues, it might be a good idea to go for more regular checkups.

4. Incorporate natural remedies into their diet

“There are plenty of natural remedies also available to help combat bad breath,” says Slater. “Fresh mint can be added to their food at meal times, while apple cider vinegar can be added to their water as it contains bacteria that can kill acetic acids.”

Among the conditions to look out for are periodontal disease (severe gum disease in dogs, which is the most common dental issue in adult dogs), overcrowding of the teeth, overbite, and gingivitis (which can progress to periodontal disease if it’s ignored).

If you’d like more advice, don’t forget to take a look at these eight tips to keep dog teeth clean and healthy !

Brushing your pet’s teeth is an important part of taking care of your pet, and having a pet toothbrush that you can count on makes all the difference – especially if your pet’s breath is less than pleasant! Not only will cleaner teeth make them more pleasant to cuddle up to, but it is recommended that you brush your pet’s teeth regularly to keep them clean and ward off any potential dental problems.

While things like the best dental chews for dogs can certainly aid in keeping your pet’s teeth clean, it does not replace a good brushing session. The same goes for cats – felines need daily teeth brushing to ensure their teeth stay healthy.

This Amazon Prime Day we scoured through loads of deals to find the best toothbrushes that will you help you take care of your pet’s teeth. Let’s find out which deals were the best of the best.

The best pet toothbrush deals this Amazon Prime Day

Pet toothpaste

To go perfectly with your new toothbrush, why not stock up or try out a new pet toothpaste? These products can be paired with a toothbrush and some of them can even be used on their own.

Be sure to shop the latest deals before the sale ends at midnight tonight. Check out Amazon Prime Day pet deals for even more savings.

Gum health is a valid concern for canine owners and spotting pale dog gums could be a sign it’s time to call a vet. It’s really important to keep an eye on your dog’s mouth by looking for the signs of healthy or unhealthy gums, as well as the appearance of their teeth.

Put simply, healthy gums are soft, wet, and pink, whereas unhealthy gums are going to differ in color and texture. We’ll be diving into some more telltale signs of what to look for when you’re checking your dog’s gums, what it means if they're pale and how you can keep them healthy.

Pale dog gums: what does it mean?

According to vet Dr Rebecca Macmillan, pale dog gums are a sign of shock – a condition that can take lots of different forms.

“Shock happens when blood flow to the tissues in the body is compromised, which leads to a lack of oxygen delivery, and there are many different reasons why blood may not be flowing to the tissues as normal,” explains Dr MacMillan.

According to Dr Macmillan, dogs can suffer from...

• hypovolaemic shock when there is not enough blood flowing around the body. It may be caused by a large wound somewhere or an internal bleed (e.g. from a tumor or trauma), and it can occur in dehydrated pets.
• cardiogenic shock when the heart is not performing well, so the blood is not being pushed around the body effectively.”
• anaphylactic shock which happens in response to a severe allergic reaction. The massive amount of histamine released in the body causes all its blood vessels to dilate, which causes inadequate blood supply and oxygen delivery. This falls into a category more broadly known as distributive shock which can also occur in any other severe inflammatory process like sepsis or pancreatitis.

Your dog’s gums can also be pale if they are suffering from anemia.

“As in hypovolaemic shock, anemia can occur when your dog loses a lot of blood.” says Dr MacMillan. “However, anemia can also develop due to other issues like iron deficiency, immune-mediated disease, or secondary to other health issues like kidney failure.”

What to do if you spot pale dog gums

Because pale dog gums can be a sign of something serious, Dr MacMillan advises owners to act quickly. “If you think your dog’s gums look pale, especially if they are showing any other signs of ill health like lethargy, an elevated heart rate, or breathing difficulties, then you should contact your vet immediately,” she says.

“If your dog is in shock or severely anaemic then this can be life-threatening, so urgent supportive treatment is required.”

Healthy vs unhealthy dog gums: how to tell the difference

When taking a look inside your dog’s mouth you might be wondering how you can tell the difference between healthy gums and unhealthy gums. Let’s take a look at the facts.

First off, it’s worth knowing what is normal for your own dog. Checking your dog’s gums regularly will not only allow you to familiarize yourself with your dog’s mouth but also help you spot any issues early on. For example, some dogs have darker spots on their gums as part of their normal pigmentation. It’s when those normal physical attributes start to appear different that you will want to get some professional help as soon as you can.

In terms of the physical appearance of a dog’s gums – what looks healthy and what’s unhealthy – we’re going to run through a list to help you be able to better judge whether you need veterinary support right now for your dog.

Healthy dog gums

• Color: “Normal, healthy gums are pink and uniform in color,” says Dr Rebacca MacMillan. ”If you gently press on the gum with the tip of your finger and release it, the color should blanch (whiten) and then come back again in less than 2 seconds. This shows that your pet’s circulation is working well.”
• Texture and appearance: “Healthy gums are moist and smooth. Gums should be tight and smoothly follow the line of the teeth.”

Unhealthy dog gums

• Color: Unhealthy gums will not be a soft pink color. Dr Macmillan says: “If the gums are very pale, yellow, or bright red, then seek help from your vet immediately, especially if your dog also seems sick. Changes in gum color can indicate serious issues like shock, jaundice, or toxicity.”
• Texture and appearance: “If the gum is receding, and more of the tooth is exposed than usual, then this is a sign of disease. Also, gums that are red, swollen, or bleeding could mean a dog is suffering from gingivitis. If you notice any lumps on your dog’s gums or changes in pigmentation, these also need to be checked out by your vet.
  “While some growths found in the mouth can be benign, others are cancerous and may need urgent treatment.”
• Smell: If you’re starting to notice your dog’s breath becoming ‘bad’ or rancid, this is also a clear sign of infection.

What causes unhealthy dog gums?

Dog gum diseases

When it comes to dog gum diseases, such as gingivitis or peridontitis, the sooner it is treated the better, before it causes further health implications.

There are many things we can do as dog owners to help our pets achieve healthy gums instead of unhealthy ones. For example, healthy dog gums are aided by daily tooth brushing as well as providing your dog with the best long lasting dog chews or best dental chews for dogs. A good quality, natural diet also plays a role in your dogs' oral hygiene and overall health, as do regular checkups with your vet.

How to prevent unhealthy gums  

Such a simple thing such as adding regular chewing opportunities for your dog can really help with their oral health. The process of mastication (chewing) of food can have a large impact on our dogs’ well-being. According to the Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, “Adding a dental chew to the diet resulted in statistically significant reductions in plaque and calculus accumulation”.

The benefits of chewing slowly – as opposed to guzzling food – have been shown to allow better absorption of nutrients and energy from food, to aid digestion, to improve teeth and gum health, to reduce the amount of excess bacteria in the intestines. Adding a variety of foods and textures to your dog’s diet can encourage them to chew more rather than inhaling their food quickly – as do using slow-feeder dog bowls. Chewing also has the added bonus of creating feel-good hormones for our dog – so it’s a great activity for them to engage in on a regular basis.

Caring for your dog’s teeth and gums at home is really important. Daily brushing with the best dog toothpaste, one of the best dog toothbrushes or a finger brush can help to avoid procedures beyond what is routine at the vet. Remember our dogs cannot ingest human toothpaste as it is often too high in sodium or contains xylitol which is toxic to dogs. Visit your vets for an annual checkup including a review of their oral hygiene. This ensures there’s nothing hidden beneath the gum line that you may have missed.

Many dogs dislike having their teeth brushed. If your dog gets stressed by you trying to brush their teeth with a doggy toothbrush, then start by using a small piece of gauze over your finger to rub coconut oil around their teeth and gums. You can then build up to a finger toothbrush over time once they feel more comfortable with you touching their mouth. Keep brushing sessions short but try to perform them on a daily basis whenever possible. There are also a few ways to clean your dog’s teeth without brushing that will help to maintain better oral health.

How to treat gum issues 

When you suspect that there are any issues with the health of your dog’s gums, it is important to visit your vet as soon as possible.

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, "Because most dental disease occurs below the gum line, where you can’t see it, a thorough dental cleaning and evaluation [may need to be] performed under anesthesia”.

Your vet may also take x-rays to further investigate the problem. Ensuring that your pet insurance plan includes dental coverage is really worthwhile to keep costs down when looking after your dog’s oral health.

Once a dental cleaning has been performed, it’s important to continue to care for your dog’s teeth afterward by resuming regular tooth brushing at home and providing appropriate chews to help keep your dog’s gums and teeth healthy.

You might also want to learn about the signs of dog teeth rotting.

It can be really worrying when we find a loose dog tooth in our adult canine’s mouth or if they actually lose a tooth. This is because dogs have incredibly strong jaws, with teeth capable of ripping flesh and chewing through bone.

If you’ve lived with your dog since they were a puppy you’ve no doubt experienced them puppy teething and losing their first set of teeth. However, it’s not expected for us to see a loose dog tooth in older pets, so when it happens it can be quite a shock. You might discover a loose dog tooth while brushing their teeth, which is a great way to keep an eye on the condition of your canine’s mouth. If the loose tooth issue has progressed to your dog actually losing teeth, then you may find a tooth stuck in their favorite longest-lasting dog chew or see one lying on the floor when you’re cleaning.

We know good oral hygiene is an important indicator of the overall health of our dogs. So what do we do if we find our dog's teeth are loose? We’re here with our go-to guide to ease your concerns and help you take action at this worrying time.

Is it normal for a dog to have a loose tooth?

If you have a young puppy it is normal to notice loose teeth or the loss of teeth. Companion animal vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan says: “During puppyhood, it is normal for a dog to lose their deciduous [milk] teeth from four months of age onwards. So, if you find loose teeth at this time, it is probably nothing to worry about. By six months of age, most dogs will have lost their deciduous teeth and will have permanent adult ones in their place.

“However, if your puppy experiences trauma to their teeth, for example, either through an accident or by biting down on a hard toy or chew, then this could cause loosening too. In this instance, you may notice that the tooth also appears broken or fractured.”

For an adult dog, it isn’t normal to have loose teeth. “Adult teeth are likely to become loose through two main issues, periodontal disease or trauma,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Periodontal disease is the most common reason why your pet’s tooth becomes loose. Tartar buildup, gum inflammation, and damage to the periodontal ligaments that hold the teeth in situ will all contribute to a tooth becoming loose.”

Dr MacMillan’s advice highlights the importance of regular routine dental examinations by a vet. “A loose tooth due to periodontal disease may not be spotted until your dog is under anesthetic and a vet can properly assess the teeth for mobility. However, in other cases, it can be much more obvious, with tooth root exposure seen or the tooth could be at a different angle to normal.”

Additionally – and often more seriously – trauma can cause an adult dog’s teeth to become loose. “This could be from a nasty knock or a fall, or potentially from biting down on an object that is too hard for their teeth to handle.

“Other disease processes like a tumor in the jaw or gum may cause a tooth to become loose. Some metabolic diseases can also have an impact on bone density in the jaw and dental health. In my experience, these issues are much rarer than periodontal disease, however.”

Healthy gums: a checklist

If you’re concerned about the health of your dog’s teeth, the first place to look at is their gums to see if they appear healthy or not. If you’re still unsure, check out this list to familiarize yourself with some of the signs of healthy and unhealthy gums.

According to vet Dr Rachel MacMillan, markers of healthy gums include being...

• pink in color
• moist and soft
• firmly and smoothly following the gumline
• responsive to pressure, in that you should see the gum change from white back to pink when you’ve removed your finger

If, when you examine your dog’s mouth, you aren’t sure what you’re looking at, you may wish to read up on markers of healthy vs unhealthy dog gums.

On top of the gum health itself, look at the color of your dog's teeth. If a tooth has been damaged, then it may have discoloration that’s different to any usual level of plaque your individual dog may have. You might also notice that your dog has got a case of bad breath!

Loose dog tooth: do I need to call the vet?

A loose tooth will need checking by a vet, but the circumstances will dictate the urgency. “If you suspect the tooth is loose due to longstanding periodontal disease, this is not a particular emergency,” says Dr MacMillan. “Often, you will notice other issues like tartar accumulation, gum inflammation, and bad breath. The tooth must be professionally extracted soon, but a check-up can wait until the next available routine appointment at your normal vet clinic.”

However, if your dog has a loose tooth due to trauma, this is an emergency. “Your dog will be in considerable pain and could have other injuries that need addressing,” cautions Dr MacMillan. “In this instance, you should either contact your usual vet, or your emergency out-of-hours provider if your normal vet clinic is closed.

Should I attempt to remove my dog's loose tooth myself?

“Never be tempted to try and pull a loose tooth out by yourself,” warns Dr MacMillan. “It could be fractured, so you will risk leaving broken bits of root behind in attempting to extract it yourself. Handling their mouth in this way will also be extremely uncomfortable for your dog and you are putting yourself at real risk of being bitten.”

She adds: “If a tooth has been made loose because of an accident it may be possible to save it, so getting your dog to a vet promptly is crucial.

What aftercare is required for a loose dog tooth? 

It’s important to continue with regular tooth brushing. When cleaning your dog’s teeth, make sure you’re using a dog-specific toothpaste, not a human one as it often contains xylitol which is toxic to dogs. Regular checkups with your dog’s veterinary hygienist are also a good idea.

The American Veterinary Medical Association recommends that “Your pet’s teeth and gums should be checked at least once a year by your vet for early signs of problems and to keep your pet’s mouth healthy.”

Now that you're clued up on loose dog teeth you might be wondering 'do dog teeth fall out?', especially for adult dogs. We got a vet to delve into the ins and outs of adult tooth loss in dogs and what to look out for.

Do dog teeth fall out when our pups get older? If you have a canine companion in your family it’s a question you may be asking. While it’s not normal for adult dogs to lose their teeth, it can happen and sometimes this can be a cause for concern.

In an ideal world, dogs shouldn’t experience tooth loss once they get out of the puppy teething phase. Things like the longest lasting dog chews and regular brushing of their teeth with a special doggy toothpaste can help keep on top of mouth hygiene.

However, perhaps you already know how to brush a dog’s teeth and yet in spite of your best efforts, you’ve noticed a few of your pup’s toothy pegs are missing even though they’ve not recently been injured.

If that’s the case, you’ll find the guidance below from expert vet Dr. Joanna Woodnutt to be super helpful. She explains what causes adult tooth loss in dogs, how to treat gum disease, and some simple things you can do to prevent dental issues in your dog. Let’s take a look….

Is it normal for adult dogs to lose teeth? 

Woodnutt says that dogs should only lose their teeth once in their life, “When their puppy teeth fall out and their adult teeth come in,” she notes. This typically happens when a dog hits the six-month milestone.

But once the puppy teething phase is over and a dog reaches one year old, Woodnutt reveals that it’s not normal for them to lose teeth and is a sign of an underlying problem.

What causes tooth loss in adult dogs? 

According to Woodnutt, “The most common cause of tooth loss in adult dogs is periodontitis. This is when bacteria in the mouth damages the gums and then the ligaments that hold the teeth to the jaw bone”, she says, “Not only is this painful, but with the ligaments damaged, the teeth become wobbly and fall out.”

The severity of a dog’s gum health will vary and Woodnutt explains that gum disease and periodontitis are technically different. “Gum disease usually refers to gingivitis, which is the (reversible) precursor to periodontitis,” she adds, “Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums”. This is why people often refer to it as gum disease.

Other ways that a fully grown dog could lose a tooth is through injury, for example, if they knock their mouth or head causing a tooth to become loose and potentially fall out. Or if they suffered any trauma or a significantly poor diet when they were young, the enamel on their teeth could be poor and make them more at risk of plaque buildup and tooth decay.

How to tell if your dog has gum disease 

“Dogs with gum disease have sore red gums, especially along the line where the gums meet the teeth,” notes Woodnutt. This isn’t always easy to spot, especially if your dog isn’t one to visibly display their teeth or doesn’t like you going near their mouth.

However, Woodnutt says that you might notice bleeding or blood on toys and chews and this could be a sign that your dog’s gums need to be checked out. She adds, “A bad-breath smell usually occurs too, and as tartar builds up on the teeth you’ll see a grey-green stain.”

How is gum disease treated for dogs? 

Gum disease in dogs is reversible with treatment, but periodontitis isn’t, Woodnutt tells us. But detecting gum disease as early on as possible and treating your dog’s gum disease can prevent tooth loss.

“Daily tooth brushing with the best tooth brush for dogs is ideal - this loosens the bacteria and prevents them from being able to get under the gums and do too much damage. If tartar has built up, a professional scale and polish and full mouth assessment under a general anesthetic is necessary,” says Woodnutt.

You might also want to invest in the best dog toothpaste, which is recommended over homemade dog toothpaste.

How to prevent dental issues in dogs 

Looking for some tips to keep dog teeth clean and healthy? The advice offered for preventing canine dental issues is fairly similar to how we humans take care of our teeth and gums. Regular (daily) tooth brushing is the best form of prevention.

Woodnutt tells us that dogs can be trained to accept a toothbrush and flavored toothpaste, which means many dogs see it as a treat. Other forms of dental care at home that can assist in preventing dental issues are chews and water additives. But Woodnutt notes that these are best used alongside toothbrushing.

You might also want to learn how to remove tartar build-up in dogs and about dog teeth rotting.

Ever wondered how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing? Although many owners understand that daily brushing is the best option for dental health, it’s only natural to ponder the alternatives.

A number of products, such as the best dental chews for dogs, claim to be effective in promoting canine oral health, but while these are good for maintenance you might be looking for something else to support this.

Home dental care isn’t a purely cosmetic issue. A lack of dental care can result in serious consequences for your dog’s health, such as infections and even fractures of the jaw bone.

Dental infections can also spread through the blood to other areas of the body, such as the heart, kidneys, and liver. Vet-provided dental cleanings are one component of dental health, but home dental care also plays a key role in preventing serious gum and dental disease in dogs .

Do you need to brush your dog’s teeth?

Daily brushing is the best way to care for your dog’s teeth – we suggest using one of the best toothbrushes for dogs along with one of the best dog toothpastes. However, this is not realistic for every dog or owner. So don’t panic – if you can’t brush your dog’s teeth, there are other options for at-home dental care.

Be aware, however, that non-brushing alternatives are typically less effective than brushing. Therefore, your home care may need to be supplemented with more frequent veterinary dental cleanings, which are performed under general anesthesia. (For more information on the costs associated with veterinary dentistry, see how much does dog teeth cleaning cost.)

Most dogs need a veterinary dental cleaning every one to two years. However, dogs that do not receive regular brushing at home, especially small breed dogs, may need their teeth cleaned as often as every six months.

Brushing dog teeth: how often should you do it?

If you’re wondering how often should I brush my dog’s teeth, vets recommend that brushing once daily is essential, in order to remove plaque before it hardens into tartar.

Plaque (the fuzzy film you may occasionally notice on your teeth when you wake up in the morning) is a collection of bacteria and food particles. Unlike tartar, plaque can easily be removed with a toothbrush. Once plaque remains in your dog’s mouth for 24-48 hours, however, it hardens into tartar. And unfortunately tartar is nearly impossible to remove with brushing or other home care measures.

Many dogs tolerate daily brushing well, especially if it’s introduced at an early age. Be sure to use a toothpaste specifically designed for dogs, because dog toothpaste is fluoride-free and formulated to be tasty for dogs. Follow our directions on how to brush a dog’s teeth and talk to your vet for further guidance.

If you’ve invested the time and effort to introduce brushing and your dog still won’t tolerate it, you may need to find an alternative method of home dental care.

How to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing

There are a variety of non-brushing options for home dental care.

Oral hygiene rinses function similarly to mouthwash in humans. The rinse is applied to your dog’s mouth once daily, with the goal of coating the teeth. Oral hygiene rinses have antibacterial properties that help reduce plaque and tartar formation.

Dental treats mechanically scrape plaque and tartar from the surface of the teeth. Some dental treats also contain an enzymatic cleaner to further reduce plaque and tartar. Follow label recommendations when giving your dog any dental chew, as this is how they are tested and how they are deemed to be most effective. Feeding excessive dental chews or treats can contribute to obesity, so this is probably not a good option for overweight dogs.

Finally, water additives can be a low-maintenance way to improve your dog’s oral health. They can be added to your pet’s drinking water to reduce plaque and oral bacteria in both dogs and cats.

Water additives are unlikely to be as effective as brushing, oral hygiene rinses, or even dental chews, but they’re an easy option that’s better than doing nothing.

What foods clean dogs teeth?

When exploring how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing, the food in their bowl can make a difference.

There are a number of dental diets designed to keep dog teeth clean and healthy. These diets scrape the edges of your dog’s teeth during chewing, instead of crumbling into powder with the first bit of pressure from your dog’s teeth.

While a number of diets that claim to promote dental health, many vets recommend Hills Dental Care or Royal Canin Veterinary Dental Diet. These diets are available only with a veterinary prescription (but you can purchase via Chewy), and are specially designed and tested to ensure that they promote dental health.

Can you clean dog’s teeth naturally?

The best ways to clean your dog’s teeth naturally are through the use of daily brushing and dental chews. Additionally, frequently engaging in play with rope toys and other toys may help remove some plaque and slow the formation of tartar. Here’s our guide to the best dog chew toys.

While some websites tout coconut oil as an effective natural toothpaste for dogs, there is no evidence to support this claim. Coconut oil can cause gastrointestinal issues and even allergic reactions in some dogs – caution is advised.

Can I clean my dog’s teeth with baking soda?

While baking soda is great for non-toxic cleaning around the home, vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan does not recommend using it to clean canine teeth.

“Dogs are unlikely to enjoy the taste, and it could put them off from brushing their teeth,” she says. “More importantly, swallowing large amounts of baking soda could also lead to tummy troubles.

“It would be much better to invest in some pet toothpaste, which are often meat-flavoured and will help pets to be more compliant with the process.”

Signs your dog needs a dental vet check

According to Dr MacMillan, bad breath and red, inflamed gums are the first signs your dog might need a dental check-up.

“Seeing brown or grey calcified material instead of a nice shiny white tooth surface can be another clear indication that your pet needs attention,” she continues. “This calculus, or tartar, is not just unsightly but it also harbors bacteria, contributing to gum inflammation and recession”

Pup parents should also keep an eye on the soundness of their dog’s teeth.

“Loose, wobbly, or missing teeth are also a clear problem and shouldn’t be ignored,” says Dr MacMillan. “If your dog is drooling or rubbing their face more than usual, this could be a sign of dental discomfort. ”

Dr MacMillan warns dog owners not to wait for their pup to go off their food before seeking the advice of a vet.

“In my experience, most pet owners don’t realize that their dog will often still eat even if their teeth are in really quite a bad state,” she adds. “Reduced appetite is not a reliable indicator of poor oral health, but certainly, some dogs with advanced disease or a tooth root abscess may start to go off their food.”

Found this feature useful? You might find it useful to read up on healthy dog gums

Bad breath in dogs isn’t the most pleasant of conditions to be dealing with as a pet parent, especially if your canine companion loves nothing more than to smother you with kisses the minute you walk through the door.

While there are plenty of tips on how to keep dog teeth clean and healthy, it’s important to figure out why your beloved bundle of fluff is experiencing bad breath in the first place so that you can then choose the most appropriate form of treatment, which may be as simple as buying the best toothbrush for dogs.

Although we often just write off a dog’s bad breath as part and parcel of owning a pup, it’s worth noting that while a certain degree of stinky breath is to be expected from time to time, a foul and persistent odor is often the sign of an underlying health issue.

Learning how to brush a dog’s teeth can certainly be a useful skill when it comes to preventing plaque and tartar build-up, but other more serious conditions, such as diabetes in dogs, kidney disease, and liver disease, are all potential health issues that can cause bad breath and require specialist intervention.

If you’re a little mystified by dog gum health, or indeed dog gum diseases, you might want to read up on how often to brush dog teeth or how much dog teeth cleaning costs.

What causes bad breath in dogs?

According to companion animal vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, “normal dog breath may have a slight odor up close, for example licking you or panting, but it shouldn’t smell particularly bad.”

While you may be tempted to dismiss the foul odor coming from your canine companion's mouth as just normal stinky dog breath, it’s something that’s worth paying attention to as there’s likely a very good reason behind it. “If your dog’s breath smells bad, then this is a clear indication that something is wrong,” adds Dr MacMillan.

Some of the most common causes of bad breath in dogs include:

1. Poor dental hygiene

“Halitosis (bad breath) can be caused by several issues, but the most common is poor dental hygiene,” says Dr MacMillan. “The levels of bacteria found in your dog’s mouth will be increased if they have tartar buildup and gum inflammation, contributing to the bad smell. ”

Too much plaque and tartar can actually result in the gums being pushed away from the teeth, which exposes new areas that bacteria can set up camp in. If left untreated, the gums can become inflamed and infected, and the teeth themselves may even begin to fall out. Needless to say, all of this can lead to some very nasty-smelling breath.

“A dog that has something trapped in their mouth or between their teeth, like a bit of stick or bone, may also have foul breath,” adds Dr MacMillan. “Oral tumors may cause an increase in odor too. So, halitosis needs to be taken seriously, don’t just ignore it as ‘doggy breath’.”

2. Poor dietary habits

Let’s be honest, as much as we love our canine companions, sometimes the things they choose to consume are downright disgusting. “Diet doesn’t usually impact the smell of your dog’s breath too much if you are following a good oral care regime,” says Dr MacMillan. “The only exceptions to this are if your dog has very recently eaten a meal that is particularly smelly, such as fish, or if they have eaten something they shouldn’t have.

“Some dogs have a habit of eating feces or constantly licking at their bottoms when suffering from overfull anal glands, both of which will give them bad breath.”

3. Diabetes

A serious but treatable condition, diabetes in dogs is fairly common, affecting around 1 in 300 pups. Along with symptoms like an increase in thirst and urination, bad breath that has a sweet or fruity smell to it is another key sign of the condition.

“Diabetic patients can have a different type of halitosis, where their breath smells of ketones,” explains Dr MacMilllan. “To some people, this takes on a slightly sweet aroma, almost like pear drops. This happens when the animal has insufficient insulin to utilize energy in the normal ways and starts to break down fat tissue in their own body instead.

“If this process is allowed to continue then ketoacidosis will occur, a serious complication in unstable diabetics.”

Dogs can be affected by two kinds of diabetic condition: diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

If you notice this or any other symptoms, it’s important to make an appointment with your vet straight away so your dog can get a full examination.

4. Kidney disease

A healthy dog’s kidneys work to regulate hydration, remove toxins, maintain a normal balance of electrolytes and release hormones required to produce red blood cells.

When the kidneys aren’t working properly, either due to an underlying disease or kidney failure, toxins start to build up in the blood and these can cause your dog’s breath to smell like urine.

“I have seen many animals with kidney disease that have something called uraemic breath,” reports Dr MacMillan. “This type of bad breath is caused by a build-up of waste products in the animal’s body, due to the inability of the kidneys to excrete them properly. This may or may not be accompanied by oral ulceration, especially on the edges of the tongue. This is most often seen in advanced chronic kidney failure, alongside other symptoms such as dehydration, changes in drinking behavior, and weight loss.”

If you notice your dog’s bad breath has an ammonia-like quality to it, don’t delay. Get your pup checked out by a vet as soon as possible as kidney disease and failure are both serious issues that require immediate treatment.

5. Liver disease

Alongside the kidneys, the liver acts as a filtration system that removes toxins from the body. “Advanced liver disease may also cause bad breath in some animals, due to a build-up of toxins in the body and dehydration,” says Dr MacMillan. If your dog’s breath is truly awful and it’s accompanied by other symptoms such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), weight loss, poor appetite and vomiting, liver disease could be to blame.

Just like with kidney disease, liver disease is a serious condition that can lead to seizures, coma, and even death if left untreated. “These warning signs should not be ignored,” cautions Dr MacMillan. “Metabolic diseases such as diabetes and kidney disease can be fatal if left untreated, so you should seek help immediately if you think there is something wrong with your pet.”

Bad breath in dogs: how to prevent and treat it

When it comes to preventing bad breath in your dog, there are several simple things you can do at home to keep those pearly whites in tip-top condition.

1. Regular brushing

Just like we humans need to brush our teeth every day to keep them healthy and looking their best, the same is true for our canine companions. “Maintaining good oral hygiene with daily brushing is key to preventing bad breath in dogs,” says Dr MacMillan. “Try to implement teeth brushing from a young age by using positive association training to get your pet gradually used to the process. Daily brushing with a specially formulated toothpaste for dogs is the most effective way to prevent plaque and tartar from forming.”

Now, a word of warning – your dog probably won’t like getting their teeth brushed at first, but don’t worry, that’s to be expected. “Even adult dogs can learn to accept teeth brushing with patience and consistent positive reinforcement,” adds Dr MacMillan. “You should also get your pet used to having their mouth handled, so that you can examine their teeth and gums regularly, to keep an eye out for any problems.”

To help make it easier, be sure to start off slowly. Spend a few days showing your dog the toothbrush and touching their fur with it without attempting to put it anywhere near their mouth. Let them sniff it and get used to this new object.

Next, pop some toothpaste on the brush and let your dog investigate that. Repeat this for several days, once again without attempting to brush their teeth. After you’ve done this, try popping a bit of toothpaste on their gums so that they can get used to the taste and feel of it.

Once your dog seems comfortable with all of this, you can gently try brushing their teeth for the first time, being sure to reward them with lots of verbal praise and a treat afterward.

2. Dental treats

The best dental chews for dogs don’t just help remove plaque and tartar from your pup’s teeth while they chew, they also make for a great treat. “Dental chews and supplements may also help alongside teeth brushing, but it is best to choose a product that is Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) approved,” stipulates Dr MacMillan.

Chewing is ideal for keeping the teeth and gums healthy, so be sure to provide your canine companion with plenty of chew toys and dental treats.

3. Special oral health diet

One final way that you can care for your dog’s teeth at home is to swap them over to a special dental diet. The best dry dog food has a range of kibbles that have been designed with a coarse texture that will sweep away plaque and tartar while your dog chews.

How do you fix a dog's bad breath?

“If your dog already has bad breath, then the first thing I would recommend is a vet appointment,” says Dr MacMillan. “If you just try and start brushing your dog’s teeth now, you may cause them discomfort especially if they have inflamed gums or loose teeth. This will only give them a negative association with the process, putting them off from teeth brushing longer-term.

“In some cases, your vet may suggest a dental procedure, so that they can professionally clean the teeth and treat any issues first,” she adds. “If dental disease is not the cause of your dog’s bad breath, they will help to figure out what is.

“Once your pet is given the go-ahead by your vet, you can then start your oral care regime at home.”

If you want to learn more about canine oral hygiene, we’ve got advice on dog gum disease and how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing.

Have you been contemplating how often to brush your dog’s teeth? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is rather frequently. Like humans, dogs get plaque on their teeth, which can cause issues when it builds up. For this reason, dog owners should ensure they have the best toothbrush for dogs and make brushing their pup’s teeth part of their normal routine.

From picking out the best tools for the job to learning how to brush a dog’s teeth, getting started is often the hardest part. The frequency at which a dog’s teeth are brushed can have a huge impact on how effective toothbrushing is – keep reading to learn more about how often to brush your dog’s teeth.

Why should I brush my dog’s teeth?

Dental disease is one of the most common diseases seen by vets. It is estimated that at least two-thirds of dogs have some degree of periodontal (gum) disease by the time they reach three years of age. Periodontal disease is especially prevalent in small dogs and brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds, such as pugs and French Bulldogs.

Periodontal disease occurs when plaque, a sticky film containing bacteria, builds up and mineralizes into calculus, also known as tartar. Calculus acts as a surface for bacteria to accumulate and multiply, thus resulting in gingivitis or inflammation of the gums. This can lead to pockets forming between the gums and affected teeth, loose teeth, and eventually tooth loss. Detecting and treating periodontal disease early can prevent oral pain as well as issues in organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys if bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel to them.

The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) recommends that an oral hygiene routine is started when a puppy’s adult teeth come in to prevent or delay the development of periodontal disease.

Although there are several products on the market to help prevent the buildup of plaque, toothbrushing is the most effective technique. A toothpaste specifically formulated for dogs should always be used, as they are safe to be swallowed unlike human toothpastes, which contain ingredients that can cause tummy upset in dogs or even be toxic, such as xylitol.

Is it OK if I don’t brush my dog’s teeth?

Some dogs are very reluctant to have their teeth cleaned. If this sounds like your dog, how often to brush dog teeth might not be your first concern – instead you’ll wonder how to clean your dog’s teeth without brushing! There are things you can so, from switching his diet to feeding the best dental chews and even using dog mouth wash.

In an ideal world, a dog’s teeth should be brushed twice a day to keep dog teeth clean and healthy because plaque buildup can occur within hours after a meal. This is not feasible for most owners, however, and how often to brush dog teeth comes down to what’s realistic. Bear in mind, though. it typically takes 24–48 hours for plaque to harden into calculus, so toothbrushing is recommended every day or every other day at a minimum – the more frequent, the better!

Toothbrushing should be performed for at least 30 seconds on each side of the mouth, focusing on the gumline and not forgetting the back teeth, which tend to accumulate plaque and calculus the fastest.

How often to brush dog teeth: is once a week enough?

Because of how quickly plaque mineralizes into calculus, brushing only once a week may not be effective at preventing periodontal disease in dogs. Although a 2021 study published in Animals (conducted on 160 racing greyhounds) found that while both daily and weekly toothbrushing significantly reduced calculus buildup, only daily brushing was able to reduce gingivitis, which can be painful and lead to the progression of dental disease.

Another study on beagles published in the Journal of Veterinary Dentistry in 2015 found that brushing daily or every other day significantly reduced the severity of gingivitis and the accumulation of plaque and calculus compared to brushing weekly. It is therefore recommended to brush a dog’s teeth at least every other day, if not daily.

If you are unable to brush your dog’s teeth this frequently for whatever reason, the addition of other types of plaque-preventative products can help to keep plaque at bay. These include the best dental chews for dogs, oral gels, wipes, water additives, and veterinary dental diets.

The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) provides a list of products that have been scientifically proven to prevent the accumulation of plaque and calculus. You should also consider alternatives to toothbrushing if your dog tries to bite you when you go near them with a toothbrush – your safety comes first.

What time of day should I brush my dog's teeth?

Although you may see the most benefits with brushing your dog’s teeth right after mealtime, it is more important that the timing is consistent from day to day so that toothbrushing can become a part of your dog’s daily routine.

Toothbrushing may be easiest when your dog’s energy is low, like after a walk, since this will be less stressful for both you and them, but the time of day is unlikely to make a significant difference in your dog’s oral health as long as toothbrushing is done regularly.

Is it too late to start brushing my dog’s teeth?

It’s never too late to start brushing your dog’s teeth! Training dogs to tolerate toothbrushing tends to be quicker and easier in younger dogs, but toothbrushing is beneficial for dogs of all ages.

That being said, toothbrushing only works against plaque, not calculus once it has formed. The only way to get rid of calculus is by doing a dental cleaning using specialized tools, which must be done under general anesthesia at your vet clinic. In addition, dogs who have moderate to severe gingivitis may find toothbrushing painful, in which case it is best to wait to start brushing until after they have had a dental cleaning.

If your dog shows signs of dental disease such as bad breath, yellow or brown discoloration of the teeth, obvious calculus, red or bleeding gums, loose teeth or missing teeth, excessive drooling, difficulty chewing, dropping food, or a sensitive or painful mouth, they will most likely benefit from having a dental cleaning.

Once periodontal disease has progressed to a certain point, it cannot be reversed and teeth may require extraction to make your dog more comfortable. After an oral examination, your vet can get an idea of the extent of your dog’s dental disease and provide answers to any questions you might have around how much does dog teeth cleaning cost if needed.

Offering one of the best dental chews for dogs can be a tasty way to keep your pup’s teeth in tip-top shape. Not only can they be a delicious treat but are also good for cleaning your dog’s teeth and freshening their breath. While they should not replace regular teeth brushing, they can work alongside your regular dental cleaning routine.

Of course, you can still serve up the best dog treats but why not also offer something that can aid in good dental hygiene? A dental chew can also be used to help ward off anxiety and support natural chewing behaviors. Vet, Dr. Rebecca MacMillan says, “They encourage a dog's natural chewing behavior which can help relieve boredom and anxiety… Dental chews are best used alongside teeth brushing to keep your pet’s mouth as healthy as possible.”

When choosing the best dental chews, you are met with some of the factors as if you were picking one of the best dog toys. Things like the size and age of your dog, and the hardness of the chew are all important when it comes to picking the right chew for your pup.

But never fear, we’ve done the groundwork for you and have rounded up the nine of the best dental chews. Let’s see which chews came out on top.

Best dental chews for dogs 2026

How to choose the best dental chews

Dental chews are as individual as your dog, so while it may be tempting to grab the first item on the shelf, it’s important to take the time to choose the right one that suits your best friend’s needs.

Consider your dog’s dietary requirements and ensure the ingredients, nutrients, flavors and even calorie count will work within their current routine. Size is another important factor, too big and your dog will struggle to get a grip; too small and it will not be effective in providing that thorough clean you’re looking for.

Sensitive stomachs should always come into the equation, and, in particular, look out for grain-free options and natural, highly soluble ingredients that are easily digested. Equally, consider your dog’s current dental health before thinking about how to improve it.

If they have sore gums or weakened teeth, opt for a softer chew, but if they’re a heavy chewer, try something tougher that will last longer and really reach between the teeth and down to the gums. By considering these details, you can be sure that the dental chew you buy will do everything you need it to while keeping your dog’s oral health in tip top shape.

Dr. MacMillan adds, "You should also check the texture of your chosen dental chew; smaller breeds may require something softer than a larger breed of dog can cope with.

Regardless of how big your dog is though, never give them something too hard. Your product should have some give, and you should be able to dent it with a fingernail. Antlers and bones are not appropriate as these can cause painful tooth fractures in any breed of dog."

Can dental chews replace teeth brushing?

While dental chews are a great tool for cleaning teeth and gums, you should still practice regular tooth brushing to ensure your dog's teeth stay healthy and clean. You can check out our vet's guide on how to brush a dog's teeth for everything you need to know.

"Dental chews are best used alongside teeth brushing to keep your pet’s mouth as healthy as possible. You can use them regularly, but just ensure that you account for the extra calories that they add to your pet’s diet," says Dr. MacMillan.

Read next: Are yak chews safe for dogs? or are rawhide bones good for dogs?

Maintaining healthy teeth and knowing how to keep dog teeth clean is super important. If you've noticed lately that your dog has bad breath, rest assured, you're not alone. It has been estimated that 80% of dogs over the age of three have some degree of dental disease. Some dental diseases are easy to spot – like that yellow or brown buildup on your dog’s teeth or the reddened gums caused by gingivitis (gum disease). However, much of dental disease occurs beneath the gum line, where bacterial buildup can cause major problems. It helps to get the best toothbrush for dogs you can find, but some good advice from an expert is invaluable.

Bacteria from dental disease can also enter the bloodstream, affecting the heart, lungs, and kidneys. The best way to keep your dog’s teeth clean is with daily brushing, but there are other steps you can take to ensure a healthy mouth, too. Read on to learn more about canine dental disease and what you can do to maintain clean and healthy dog teeth, and fresh breath too!

1. Brush your dog’s teeth with a pet-specific dog toothpaste every day

Just like you need to brush your own teeth for dental health, your dog’s teeth need daily brushing too – here’s how to brush your dog’s teeth if you’ve not tried before. The mechanical action of brushing helps break up and remove food particles and bacteria that can cause bad breath and dental disease. If your dog won’t tolerate full mouth brushing, start by brushing just a few teeth each day and gradually work your way up to brushing the whole mouth as your dog gets used to the process.

Never use human toothpaste on your dog – it contains high levels of fluoride that can be unsafe for your dog to swallow. You can find pet-specific toothpastes at most pet stores, or ask your veterinarian for a product recommendation.

2. Use dog dental wipes or pads for pups that hate having their teeth brushed

Regular brushing is the best way to keep your dog’s teeth clean, but what if your dog simply won’t tolerate it? If you’ve tried training and gradual brushing without success, and want to maintain healthy dog teeth, then dental wipes may be the answer. Many dogs will tolerate this method of cleaning because it’s gentler than a brush.

Just like with brushing, it’s best to wipe your dog’s teeth at least once a day. Focus on gently wiping along the gum line, where bacteria and food particles are most likely to build up. You can find dental wipes and pads at most pet stores.

Read more expert and vet-approved advice on how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing

3. Avoid hard bones and chews that can damage the teeth

Chewing on hard objects – like bones, rocks, and hard toys – can permanently damage healthy dog teeth. When the object is too hard for a tooth to penetrate, there is a risk that the tooth will fracture. A fractured tooth can cause chronic pain for your dog and may increase the risk of infections. Once a tooth is fractured, professional veterinary care is the only way to address the problem.

To prevent fractures, make sure your dog’s favorite chews aren’t too hard for his teeth. A good rule of thumb is that if you can’t indent the object with your thumbnail, it’s too hard for your dog to chew!

We’ve rounded up the best long-lasting dog chews to help you find a suitable chew for your dog.

4. Choose the best dental dog chews and treats that are proven to reduce plaque

Dental treats, toys, and foods are a great way to clean your pet’s mouth in between brushings. These products are designed to help scrape the teeth as your dog chews, scrubbing away plaque and residual food particles.

The best dental chews for dogs aren’t a substitute for daily brushing, but they can help keep your pet’s breath fresh. Look for products labeled with the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal, which indicates that the product has been tested and proven to reduce plaque.

5. Try using a dog water additive for teeth for low-maintenance dental care

Water additives are an easy way to reduce plaque and prevent dental disease. These products contain enzymes that naturally break down plaque and inhibit bacterial growth to keep your dog’s mouth clean and fresh. And because most of these products are flavorless, odorless, and colorless your dog won’t even notice that you’ve put something new in his bowl. Like dental treats, water additives are not as effective as brushing and should always be used in combination with regular dental care to achieve the best results.

6. See your vet regularly for wellness exams and check-ups

A lot can change with your dog’s mouth in a short period of time. Regular check-ups and preventive care from your vet are essential to keeping clean and healthy dog teeth.

During your appointment, your vet will look in your dog’s mouth to assess factors like the amount of plaque and tartar buildup and to look for problems like inflamed gums, fractured teeth, or areas of pain.

Monitoring these changes over time is a great way to ensure your home dental care plan is working effectively. When problems are discovered, it’s important to address them right away.

7. Avoid “anesthesia-free” dental procedures

Many groomers, pet stores, and other non-professional settings will offer “anesthesia-free” dental procedures as an alternative to a true professional dental cleaning performed by your vet. These anesthesia-free procedures are not at all comparable to what your vet offers and can actually be detrimental to your pup’s oral health.

Not only is it uncomfortable and scary for your dog to have his teeth scraped while he is awake, but it is also not addressing the bacterial buildup that occurs under the gum line, which is where the majority of dental disease manifests.

An anesthesia-free dental procedure also does not address problems such as loose teeth, gum disease, tooth root abscesses, or other dental diseases requiring anesthesia to address. And because these procedures are typically performed by laypeople, early warning signs of serious dental disease are often missed.

While an anesthesia-free dental may cost less than a veterinary dental procedure in the short term, in the long term your pet will have worsening dental disease and a more costly dental procedure in the future. In the end, it is much better to pursue a professional veterinary dental cleaning under anesthesia as recommended by your vet.

Here’s some more information about the cost of veterinary dental cleaning.

8.  Pursue professional dental cleanings as recommended by your vet

Prevention is the best way to ensure as healthy dog teeth as possible. But once dental disease starts, no amount of brushing will reverse it. The only way to treat dental disease is with a professional dental cleaning by your vet.

Your dog will need to be placed under general anesthesia so that the whole mouth can be carefully examined and cleaned. X-rays of your dog’s mouth should also be taken to identify areas of disease hiding under the surface. If your dog has any loose, fractured, or diseased teeth, these may need to be removed as well. After the dental procedure, your dog’s teeth will be clean and fresh, and a good home dental care routine can help keep them that way.

The final verdict

Dental disease is a progressive condition once it starts, so it is essential to have a good home dental care routine to prevent it. Daily brushing is the best way to keep your dog’s mouth clean, but other dental products like treats and water additives can be helpful tools as well. Most importantly, see your vet regularly for preventive healthcare to ensure your dog’s oral health always stays in top shape.

If you're a pup parent, it's important to clean your dog's teeth regularly using one of the best toothbrushes for dogs. This might come as a surprise, but poor dental hygiene can lead to an array of health issues including gum disease, tooth loss, and infections that can spread around the body.

There are plenty of options on the market, from manual brushes to electric versions, and we've rounded up the best of the best below. If your dog hates having their teeth cleaned, you might find a silicone finger brush easier to use, as it gives you more control over their mouth. However, vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan advises that traditional brushes with soft bristles are typically more effective.

After consulting our in-house vet team and conducting extensive research for hours, we've shortlisted the six best toothbrushes for dogs. We've also asked Dr. MacMillan to share her expert advice on when to start brushing your dog's teeth and how often to replace their brush.

If you want to learn how to brush a dog's teeth, this helpful feature will guide you through the process. We've also rounded up the best dog toothpastes, which are approved by vets and pup parents, in this buying guide.

The best toothbrush for dogs 2026

Photos from testing

How we tested the best toothbrushes for dogs

Here at PetsRadar, we take your dog's health seriously, which is why we spent hours researching the best toothbrushes for dogs. We consulted our team of in-house vets to find out the best types of brushes and rule out any gimmicky options that don't have any real benefits.

We shortlisted a range of brushes with various price points, styles, and sizes, then put them to the test on our own pets. We're currently in the process of trying them out and have asked our testers for feedback on these questions:

Durability: Does the brush look and feel the same after it's been used? Does it feel high-quality and long-lasting?

Fit for purpose: Are you able to use it? Can you reach all of your dog's teeth?

User experience: How does the brush feel in your hand? Does it have any features that make the experience easier, like a gripped handle?

Value for money: Do you think this product is worth the money based on the quality and quantity? Would you recommend it to other pup parents?

Here's more information on how we test.

How to choose the best toothbrush for dogs

Dogs come in all shapes and sizes and, as you might expect, so do their mouths and teeth. If you have a toy or small breed dog, such as a shih tzu, you don’t want a large brush that is too big for their mouth, this will make the brush ineffective and pointless. Look for a brush that is specifically designed for small mouths.

For medium and larger breeds, you need a larger brush. Typically a double-ended toothbrush is a good choice for most dogs, but check out the length of the toothbrush shaft. Measure your dog's jaw from the front to their back teeth, though you can estimate this, and it will give you a rough idea of the size of toothbrush you will need. If you get one that is too short, you’ll need to put more of your hand in their mouth, which your pooch probably won’t appreciate.

Which toothbrush is best for dogs?

If you're wondering which toothbrush is best for your dog, Dr. MacMillan is here to help! She recommends looking out for the following:

• Soft bristles
• A head that fits comfortably in the side of your dog's mouth
• Sturdiness
• A handle that is long enough to reach your dog's back teeth and is comfortable to hold
• An angular head can be useful

She says: "Traditional brushes with bristles, like we use, tend to be the most effective but some dogs are more compliant with finger brushes. Finger brushes can feel a bit less invasive and more comfortable than a traditional brush, but their lack of bristles means they may not clean as thoroughly.

"Electric toothbrushes are great and give a thorough clean. However, it can take longer for your pet to accept one, due to the noise and vibrations they make."

Can I use a human toothbrush on my dog?

Yes, you can use a human toothbrush on your dog — as long as it has soft bristles. However, when it comes to toothpaste, it's important that you stick to a pet-safe brand as human options are harmful to them.

Dr. MacMillan says: "Bristles that are too firm may be uncomfortable for your pet, creating trauma to their gums and putting them off the bushing process. Small children’s brushes with soft bristles can work quite well for smaller breeds of dogs. However, many owners find the shape of a dog toothbrush fits more comfortably in their pet’s mouth, compared to a human one."

When should I start brushing my dog's teeth?

Dr. MacMillan says it’s never too late to start brushing your dog’s teeth, though the earlier you start, the better. A good dental routine helps keep their teeth healthy and prevents issues like gum disease in dogs.

She advises: "When introducing your dog to a toothbrush make sure you do it gradually. In my experience, too many owners rush the training process and end up wrestling with their pets, which is not an enjoyable experience for anyone.

"Start by letting your dog sniff the brush, praising them gently, and giving them a treat. Then try some paste on the brush. Praise and reward them when they lick the paste off. Next try gently touching the brush on your dog’s lips, and practice lifting their lip to expose their teeth. Once they are happy with this, try a small amount of brushing, remembering to praise and reward your pet.

"Over time you will be able to increase the length of your teeth brushing sessions. Remember not to rush, each step may need to be practiced many times before you can move on to the next one. If at any point your pet seems stressed, then stop. Take a step back and progress again more slowly.

"If your dog is already showing signs of dental disease, like bleeding, inflamed gums, loose teeth, or heavy tartar build-up then you will need to consult with a vet before introducing toothbrushing. Brushing diseased teeth can cause your dog pain. It is much better to get their teeth properly treated by a veterinary professional before you start home brushing."

How often should I replace my dog's toothbrush?

You should expect to replace a dog's toothbrush every three months, but it depends on how often you brush your pooch’s teeth. A better indicator is when the bristles start to get frayed and flat, this is the time to invest in a new doggy toothbrush.

It makes sense that you buy more than one toothbrush at a time, but we would only recommend buying bigger packs after you have tried the brush before. If you buy in bulk and they’re no good for your dog, you have wasted your money.

You might also want to read our expert guides that answer, 'Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs?' and How to remove tartar build-up in dogs.

There are many reasons why you would want to know how much dog teeth cleaning costs. Perhaps your dog has bad breath and you want to give those teeth a good scrub to remove bacteria and food deposits. Or maybe you are worried about a dog’s teeth in general – dental hygiene is important, after all.

In this guide, we ask a vet how to keep dog teeth clean in more detail while looking at when and why it is worth paying for professional cleaning. Plus, we investigate how much dog teeth cleaning could cost.

Is it worth getting your dog’s teeth cleaned?

According to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, professional dog teeth cleaning leaves you safe in the knowledge the job has been done thoroughly.

“A professional clean is performed under a general anaesthetic, which allows the vet to examine all the teeth and mouth fully, and they may take some dental X-rays too,” explains Dr MacMillan. “When a dog is conscious it can be nearly impossible to see every single surface of each tooth, so areas get missed. Your vet will be able to clean all the various sides and angles of your dog’s teeth, as well as perform any dental extractions at the same time, if these are required.”

Professional dog teeth cleaning comes with psychological benefits, too.

“Because your dog will be asleep through the whole process, they won’t feel stressed or anxious,” continues Dr MacMillan.“Some dogs with gum inflammation can also find ultrasonic scaling quite painful, so performing it under anaesthetic is far kinder as it saves them from this discomfort. Your vet will be able to scale accurately below the gumline as well, which is just not possible in an animal that is awake.

“After their veterinary dental treatment, your dog should have clean teeth and fresher breath plus your vet will have also been able to identify and resolve any more serious problems at the same time.”

One thing’s for sure, dental work tends not to be covered by even the best pet insurance. Ensuring your dog’s teeth are well-maintained at home from a very young age will means they’re far less likely to need anything beyond routine veterinary dental care.

How often should my dog get their teeth cleaned?

The American Veterinary Medical Association recommends that “your pet’s teeth and gums should be checked at least once a year by your vet for early signs of problems and to keep your pet’s mouth healthy.”

Generally, a yearly professional dog teeth cleaning is recommended but if you’re able to keep your dog's teeth clean at home, they may not need to have it done that frequently. While you should still ensure your dog’s mouth is examined by a vet at least once a year, it’s always worth speaking to your vet if you’re not entirely sure about the frequency of professional cleaning.

What is ultrasonic dog teeth cleaning?

Vets use an ultrasonic scaler and hand tools when cleaning your dog's teeth under anesthetic. It works by creating millions of ultrasonic waves in conjunction with specially formulated dog toothpaste.

“Some lay people like dog groomers also offer ultrasonic cleaning, however, they usually perform this with a smaller handheld unit and it is not carried out under anesthetic,” says Dr Rebecca MacMillan, who explains that there are several disadvantages to this.

“First and foremost, the dog is conscious and – unless they have been introduced to the ultrasonic scaler gradually with positive association training – is likely to feel anxious. Even if the dog tolerates the process, they are probably not comfortable, and it is very unlikely that a thorough cleaning will take place. It is not possible to reach all aspects of the teeth in a conscious dog and only a vet can perform scaling below the gumline.”

She continues: “While having your pet’s teeth cleaned in this way may make them appear cosmetically better, many issues are left unnoticed or untreated. I have seen shocking before and after photos where groomers have removed the tartar, but you can see terrible gum inflammation and recession, which need urgent veterinary attention.”

While some owners might be tempted by the lower cost, Dr MacMillan urges caution.

“Ultrasonic scaling by a layperson is obviously cheaper than veterinary dental care because it doesn’t involve an anesthetic and they are limited in what they can do for your pet’s teeth compared to a vet.”

What is the average cost to have a dog’s teeth cleaned?

Much depends on the extent of the work but, in the US, dog teeth cleaning is reported to cost upward of $100. When you start adding in extra services, the average price can rise to between $300 and $700. However, specialized cleaning beyond what is routine can increase the cost further still.

In the UK, a relatively simple clean and polish for a young, healthy dog is likely to cost you around £150. If you need more extensive work, or additional treatments, this is likely to rise to £250 or more.

“Costs will vary between different vet practices, but also between different-sized dogs,” advises Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “Many practices also have a sliding scale for their treatment, ranging from a scale/polish and exam to major surgical extractions. Older patients may also require a pre-anesthetic blood test or intravenous fluids to support them through their treatment.

“You should therefore contact your practice for an estimate of these costs. They may wish to examine your dog first to give you a better idea of what to expect.”

Here’s some further information about the cost of cleaning dog teeth.

How can I get plaque off my dog’s teeth at home?

If you can, get your dog used to brushing once a day (or at least a few times a week) from a young age. Buy one of the best toothbrushes for dogs and invest in the best dog toothpaste – human toothpaste must not be used due to the fluoride and xylitol content. Check out our guide on how to brush a dog's teeth if you’re not sure.

For dogs who don’t like their teeth being cleaned, try some alternatives. The best dental chews for dogs help prevent bad breath, tartar and plaque. Look for sugar free chews and reduce a dog’s overall food intake if you’re regularly giving them dental treats.

The best dog chew toys can also encourage good mouth health because they have lots of different surfaces which help to get into the nooks and crannies. And diet is crucial too. The best dry dog food helps because it needs to be chewed much more than even the best wet food, making it better for teeth health. You can also buy supplements to add to your dog’s food or water that are designed to reduce or remove plaque.

Some pups never quite tolerate having their teeth brushed, no matter how gentle the introduction or how persistent the owner is! If this sounds like your dog, you might want to look into how to clean a dog's teeth without brushing.

Signs your dog has dental or gum disease

There are a number of symptoms of dental or gum diseases in dogs and it’s helpful to get your dog used to you examining their mouth and teeth as soon as you can.

Look out for:

• Bad breath
• Obvious pain or trouble eating
• Visible plaque and tartar
• Inflamed or bleeding gums
• Broken, wobbly or missing teeth
• Dogs avoiding hard food
• Swellings on the side of the face
• Weight loss

Speak to your vet if you suspect any dental or gum disease. Dental disease treatment includes antibiotics to treat infections, anti-inflammatory pain relief, special toothpaste and mouthwash for your dog, and dental surgery.

When you know how to brush a dog’s teeth you can combat things like bad breath, plaque build-up, and even prevent dental diseases. It is recommended to brush your pup’s teeth daily to ensure they are in the best shape possible.

Luckily, there are a few tools you can use to help you maintain your dog’s teeth. Things like one of the best dog toothbrushes and the best dental chews for dogs will be handy tools to keep on hand.

Brushing a dog’s teeth may seem overwhelming, but don’t worry this vet guide will help you every step of the way. Now, let’s find out all the tips and tricks for brushing your dog’s teeth.

How to choose products to brush your dog’s teeth

When you start brushing your dog’s teeth, make sure you choose products that are specifically made for pets. Human toothpaste is not intended to be swallowed, so it should never be used for a dog – your dog doesn’t know how to spit it out! Instead, look for pet-specific toothpaste at your local pet store or online, or ask your vet for a product recommendation. Pet toothpaste comes in many flavors, so you’ll be sure to find something your dog will enjoy!

Choosing a toothbrush for your dog is mostly a matter of personal preference. When you’re first starting out, you may find it easiest to simply put the toothpaste on your finger and use that like a toothbrush to gently scrub your dog’s teeth.

If you’ve never brushed your dog’s teeth before, try experimenting with the different options to find which one is most comfortable for both you and your dog.

Can you use a human toothbrush on a dog

Yes, you can use a human toothbrush, or a finger brush if you prefer, on your dog, but you should never use human toothpaste. Human toothpaste is not safe for pets. Always use pet-specific toothpaste when brushing your dog’s teeth.

Human toothbrushes, however, are perfectly fine to use for your pup, although some pet owners prefer to use a pet toothbrush that has a shorter handle and is easier to maneuver. Whichever type of toothbrush you choose, be sure to apply the right amount of gentle pressure as you brush your dog’s teeth.

Too much scrubbing can hurt your dog and cause damage to the sensitive gum tissue, while too little pressure will not clean the teeth effectively and may leave plaque and bacteria behind.

“How often should I brush my dog’s teeth,” you may be wondering. We recommend brushing your dog’s teeth every day using about the same amount of pressure as you would use when brushing your own teeth is the best way to prevent tartar and plaque from forming, so your pup has a clean and healthy mouth.

At what age should I start brushing my dog’s teeth?

Puppies are naturally curious about the world around them and they are very open to new experiences. Puppyhood is a critical time for your dog to learn new things that he will carry with him later in life. If you can introduce your dog to the process of tooth brushing at a young age, it will be much easier to carry on this routine throughout your dog’s life.

With puppies, it is especially important to keep your brushing sessions short and positive. Any negative experiences during this time can make your puppy more resistant to brushing in the future! Give your puppy time to explore the toothbrush and toothpaste and offer lots of positive rewards. Limit your sessions to no more than a few minutes, so your puppy will always look forward to more.

How to brush a dog’s teeth

Use a gentle approach

To brush your dog’s teeth, start by allowing your dog to smell and taste the toothpaste. Once your dog is interested, put a little of the toothpaste on your finger or a toothbrush and gently lift your dog’s lip.

Carefully brush back and forth across a few teeth, then stop and allow your dog a moment to taste the toothpaste. Be sure to offer lots of praise and even a treat or two, so your dog knows that everything is okay. At first, you may only be able to brush a few teeth at a time, and that’s okay!

Over time, you can gradually work up to longer brushing sessions, until you’re able to clean your dog’s whole mouth in one sitting.

Consider the pressure

Try to focus most of your brushing along the gum line, where bacteria and food material often accumulate and cause irritation and infection. Be careful how much pressure you apply – too much and you may irritate your dog’s gums and cause bleeding or pain; too little and you may not be effectively removing plaque. Using a pressure similar to how you brush your own teeth will be effective, but you may need to give your dog time to get used to this sensation.

Establish a dental routine for your dog

Brushing your dog’s teeth is the best way to prevent dental disease. Ideally, your dog’s teeth should be brushed at least once a day. But if your dog is not ready for that yet, even brushing a few times a week is better than no brushing at all!

In addition to brushing, consider using other dental products for complete oral health coverage. Dental treats, diets, and water additives can all help prevent new plaque formation and keep your dog’s breath smelling fresh. To find the best products, look for those labeled with the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal, which indicates that the product has been tested and proven to reduce plaque formation.

Don’t forget that your dog needs regular veterinary care to keep his mouth clean and healthy. Check-ups with your vet at least once a year are essential to monitor your dog’s oral health and catch potential problems early. Your veterinarian can also show you how to brush a dog’s teeth if you’re having trouble at home.

Alternatives to brushing your dog’s teeth

The best way to prevent dental disease is to brush your dog’s teeth daily. However, if your dog really will not tolerate brushing – even with a slow approach as discussed above – then there are still some options to help reduce your dog’s risk of dental disease. These alternatives are not as effective as brushing, but they can still help reduce plaque formation and prevent tartar build-up.

One of the best alternatives to brushing is to feed your dog a prescription veterinary dental diet. These diets are purchased through your vet. Prescription dental diets have been tested and proven to reduce plaque formation and prevent dental disease. Because your dog eats the food consistently every day, this is a great way to stay on top of your dog’s oral health.

Products such as treats, one of the best long lasting dog chews, and water additives are not as effective as daily brushing, but they can be a helpful alternative if brushing is not possible. Look for products labeled with the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal, which indicates that the product has been tested and proven to reduce plaque formation.

If you found the article helpful be sure to check out our tips to prevent and treat dog gum disease and how to keep dog teeth clean and healthy.

Dog gum diseases are extremely common. While the exact number of dogs suffering with gum disease is unknown, it’s likely to be at least 60% of the doggy population, and maybe as much as 100%.

Gum disease is not only painful, it leads to other dental diseases such as periodontitis, which can cause tooth loss. Preventing gum disease is best, so let’s look at how we can stop dog gum diseases from happening.

Dog gum disease: what is it, and what causes it?

Gum disease (properly called gingivitis) happens when the body’s immune system reacts to bacteria known as plaque that sits on the tooth surface. This plaque can also harden into tartar (also known as calculus), which shelters the bacteria and provides it with somewhere to stick to.

With plaque and tartar in the mouth, the gums become red, inflamed, and sore. They may bleed and, after time, the gums come away from the tooth surface, allowing the bacteria to bury deeper – a disease called periodontitis.

All dogs have these bacteria in their mouths, but whether or not they go on to cause gingivitis and periodontitis is down to a number of things. Genetics, diet, breed, age, home care, and other factors all influence how quickly plaque will start to cause gingivitis.

In some breeds, gingivitis can occur in dogs under a year old – in fact, one study of Yorkshire Terriers showed that 98% had one or more teeth with periodontitis at just nine months old!

You might also want to read our guide to dog teeth rotting.

How to prevent and treat dog gum disease at home

Gum disease can start very early in life and cause severe problems. Prevention should start as early as possible and ideally should consist of several types of care.

1) Brush your dog’s teeth

Brushing your dog’s teeth at least every other day has been shown to reduce plaque and calculus build-up, as well as help to heal any existing gingivitis. Learning how to brush a dog’s teeth and doing it regularly helps to physically remove plaque and prevents it from accumulating, and it also stimulates healing in the gums.

You’ll want to start as young as possible and start slow so your dog can get used to it – and use one of the best dog toothbrushes. Meanwhile, the best dog toothpastes comes in a variety of flavors, which may help dogs enjoy toothbrushing and make it an easier experience all round.

Make sure you keep this a positive experience for your dog – little and often is better than going all-out and scaring him. We asked a vet for more advice on how often to brush a dog’s teeth.

2) Use dog mouthwash

There is some evidence that using mouthwash for dogs reduces the formation of plaque and calculus, and therefore gingivitis. Mouthwash may be added to drinking water or included as a post-toothbrush routine as with humans.

Whilst there are many types of mouthwash on the market, chlorhexidine-based washes have the best evidence in dogs.

3) Switch your dog’s diet

Your dog’s diet can make a difference to their dental health too! Studies have shown that the larger kibble size in some of the best dry dog food reduces calculus as dogs have to chew them more thoroughly. Diets with added sodium tripolyphosphate also help – this chemical prevents plaque from hardening into tartar. In fact, one study showed that dogs fed a diet developed for dental health every day had a 36% reduction in gingivitis compared to the dogs on a normal dry diet.

There’s also some evidence that dogs fed a home-cooked diet will have worse plaque and tartar than those on a commercial dry diet – even if the commercial diet isn’t specifically designed for dental health.

4) Feed daily dental chews

Many daily dental chews have enough evidence to say they’re useful in the fight against gingivitis. Research has shown that feeding a daily dental chew can reduce plaque, tartar, gum disease, and bad breath.

There are lots of dental chews out there, though, and some have better evidence than others. For the best dental chews for dogs, look for those that have the VOHC seal of acceptance in order to be sure you’re using an evidence-based chew.

You should also take care with your dog’s weight. Some dental chews can be high in calories, and cause weight gain. Always give the right chew for your dog’s size. The calorie information should be on the packet but, if it’s not, you can look the information up on the manufacturer’s website. Reduce your dog’s daily meal allowance by the same amount of calories to balance out the chew.

5) Get regular check-ups at the vet

Whatever you manage to do at home, remember that regular checkups at the vet are important too. Your veterinary nurse, tech, or vet will be able to examine your pet’s mouth for bad breath, gingivitis, and tartar build-up, as well as look for any broken, loose, or malformed teeth that might be causing a problem.

It’s also important to realize that a thorough dental check-up is best done under anaesthetic, and your dog can have a scale and polish whilst they’re under to clean up the bits you’ve missed. Even if nothing appears to be wrong, annual cleaning under anesthetic is sensible, especially in at-risk dogs. I always say to clients “you brush your teeth twice a day and you still visit the hygienist, right?”

How do vets treat dog gum diseases?

If you suspect your pooch has fallen victim to dog gum diseases, consult your vet without delay.

Diagnosis and treatment

“If your vet diagnoses your pet with gum disease, they will usually recommend dental treatment,” says vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. “Your dog will be admitted for a general anesthetic so that your vet can safely assess and treat your dog’s dental issues properly. Your vet will scale all the calcified tartar from your dog’s teeth and assess their gums, using a dental probe. Dental radiographs may be used too.

“If there are any loose or diseased teeth these will be extracted. A professional cleaning will reduce bacteria in your dog’s mouth, not only improving bad breath but also reducing gum inflammation. Polishing the teeth at the end will help to remove any plaque, the slimy layer of bacteria, and microscopic food particles.”

Aftercare and routine home care

Once your dog’s teeth have been assessed, scaled and polished, it’s the owner’s job to perform good routine maintenance. “Your vet will usually suggest that you follow this up with oral care at home,” explains Dr MacMillan. “This could include regular teeth brushing, oral pastes, or a diet aimed at preventing future tartar accumulation. Some pets may need to come back for repeat veterinary dental procedures in the future to keep on top of things.”

For Dr Macmillan, following a vet’s recommendations is the best way to minimize recurrence of dog gum diseases.

“Being proactive with your dog’s oral care will help to preserve their teeth for as long as possible,” she advises.

“Be aware that non-veterinary treatments, such as those offered by dog groomers, may help to make your pet’s teeth look cosmetically better but can still leave many problems behind.”

If you’ve found this useful, you may also enjoy our advice on how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing and other tips for keeping dog teeth clean.