Almost everybody has a favorite dog breed. Whether you’re an experienced dog parent or you simply like spending time with friends’ pups, there’s probably a breed or two that you can’t get enough of.

But while all canines deserve plenty of the best dog treats, Rover’s Most Popular Dog and Cat Breeds Report reveals the most popular breeds across the US – and non-designer mixed breeds have come out on top this year.

They’re followed by the Labrador Retriever, and completing the top three is the golden retriever, overtaking the goldendoodle, which was top last year but has slipped to fourth place.

Completing the top 10 are German Shepherds, Chihuahuas, French Bulldogs, dachshunds, shih tzus, and Yorkshire Terriers.

The American Kennel Club also releases a list of the most popular dog breeds each year. In the most recent list, French Bulldogs were top for the third year in a row. They were followed by the Labrador Retriever, which previously held the top spot for over three decades, as well as the golden retriever, German Shepherd, and poodle. Unlike the Rover report, however, the AKC doesn’t recognize mixed breeds.

Rover also looked at the rarest dog breeds, which are the Japanese Spitz, Spinone Italiano, and Gordon Setter. Dog parents taking part in the report voted the pit bull as the most photogenic and most likely to be trending on social media, while the golden retriever and German Shepherd came in at second and third most photogenic.

Sixty-seven percent of respondents described loyalty as the most desirable trait or characteristic when choosing a new dog, while 58% said size.

And what about cats? The most popular cats in the US are the American Shorthair, domestic shorthair (last year’s winner), and the domestic longhair. The rarest breeds are the Ural Rex, Suffolk, and Sokoke, while the Maine Coon is the most photogenic cat breed.

Almost a third (32%) of cat parents described temperament and appearance as the most important factors when getting a cat, while 71% said that cuddliness was the most desired personality trait.

Read next: Most unusual dog breeds

When it came to choosing the right dog, I settled on a golden retriever for their joyful nature, love of the outdoors and top tier cuddles. What I didn't take into account was the hair.

So. Much. Hair.

Because while high shedding breeds are said to shed twice a year, the reality is there is low level shedding going on all the time. Such is the truth in this, I've regularly heard it quipped that golden retrievers shed twice a year, once in spring for six months and once in autumn for six months!

Yes, they are one of the breeds that shed the most and, as such, my house has been covered in – sorry, I mean blessed by – goldie hair for going on a decade now! But all my suffering has not been for nothing, I have amassed a collection of hacks that will hopefully help you cope with shedding and keep your house a fraction less hairy…

When and why do dogs shed?

Golden retrievers shed their thick, water-resistant double coat twice a year. As the weather warms up in spring, they shed their thick winter undercoat and transition to their lighter summer coat. Then in autumn, they do away with their summer coat to make way for a new, thicker winter coat. Really, it’s no different to you and me swapping out our puffer coats for a rain jacket, or boots for sandals. Just, er, messier.

During this season of shedding you can expect a significant amount of hair to come out and the process can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months. Sorry. Somebody had to break it to you. The good news is, you can prepare for it accordingly.

The spring shed can start as early as March, but could be April or May, with the autumn shed starting around September or October.

Shedding hacks

1. Invest in the right brushes

When Lowen is going through her spring and autumn glow-up season (as I've rebranded it) I crack out the undercoat rake (I got this one on Amazon). I use this at least weekly during shedding season and my top tip: do this outside, the amount of hair that you'll get out is unfathomable.

Then I get the slicker brush (like this one) out and I try to give her a once over daily during shedding season. Little and often is really useful with this too. If your dog is anything like mine, they’ll love the attention of being brushed. And you’ll get extra points for telling them what a beautiful pup they are while brushing.

2. Plan a strategic bath and blow dry

Golden retrievers don't need bathing often in my experience, but during shedding season it can help to loosen any dead hair. The key here is to dry with a cool hairdryer afterwards, aim it towards the direction you’re brushing in and it will help to pull out a lot of loose hair.

3. Feed high quality food

Your dog's health will benefit tremendously from feeding a high quality, appropriate diet – the best dog food you can afford. But did you know it can also affect their coat too?

The right diet can result in a shiny, healthy coat. On the flipside, a poor quality, filler-heavy diet can cause dry skin and even result in excessive shedding.

4. Get a decent vacuum

Even with daily brushing, tactical baths and a good quality diet, the fact is some dogs just do shed. It’s part of the breed and what you sign up for. So the next few tips are focused on managing the inevitable. And first up? A decent vacuum.

You’ll want a robust, heavy duty vacuum cleaner that can pull stubborn hairs out of carpet fibres with ease – we’ve rounded up the best vacuum cleaners for pet hair here. If you’re inclined to household laziness like me, you might also benefit from a more lightweight cordless vacuum cleaner for a quick swipe around in between the more thorough vacuums.

The ultimate solution is a robot vacuum cleaner! My parents got one when they got their golden retriever (Lowen’s sister, Indy) and it’s been a game changer. They set it to work while she’s out on a walk and they come home to pristine floors. Which is nice, for a few minutes.

5. Seek out dog-proof furnishings

Obviously we can’t all redecorate our homes to suit our pets, but when it is time to upgrade furniture or redecorate a room, it’s worth taking it into consideration. We have a fabric sofa, but opted for machine-washable covers so that we can keep it smelling fresh and hair free.

However when the time comes to upgrade our sofa, I will without a shadow of a doubt be going for leather like my parents. It’s a far more practical option when you’ve got a dog that sheds.

For now, we have a rotation of sofa throws that cover the sofa during Lowen’s shedding seasons. When one goes in the wash, we simply pull another one out so the sofa is never subject to her hair! You can also find blankets that are designed to be pet hair-resistant (like this one on Amazon).

6. Use the best lint rollers

Goldens love a cuddle and I’m powerless to resist, so I am now the proud owner of several lint rollers. These work to pull dog hair from your clothes and soft furnishings, so you can stay close to your friend throughout their big shed.

I have heard excellent things about the Chom Chom roller, so they’re next on my list of things to try along with a new pet hair remover glove (like this one).

7. Shift your mindset

Ultimately, if you have fallen in love with a dog that sheds, you need to accept it is part of having them. Yes it’s a bit inconvenient, but in my experience it is completely outweighed by the joy that having a goldie in the home brings.

Focus on the good stuff – like their lovable nature and unmatched zest for life – and the shedding thing won’t seem like quite such a big deal.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’re interested in tough, robust and seriously strong dog breeds, you’re in the right place. In this article we’re going to look at some of the strongest dog breeds around, as well as explore what makes a dog strong and what you need to know before committing yourself to one of these powerful large breeds. We also spoke with experienced vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan for her expert insight into powerful dogs…

What makes a dog strong?

Before we take a look at some of the world’s strongest dogs, we need to clarify what makes a dog strong.

“The strongest dogs are large and giant breeds that have been bred for hard work. These dogs are muscular and built for endurance,” explains Dr MacMillan. Many such dogs have been recognised for their extraordinary talents and above and beyond work ethic, and as such now work alongside people in all manner of roles, from hunting and herding to military and service dogs. This makes many of these breeds biddable, hardworking and a pleasure to train.

“Rottweilers are a great example of a strong dog breed. These big dogs were bred to guard, so they need to be physically intimidating and have the strength to fend off would-be intruders. Alaskan Malamutes are designed to pull sledges in harsh, snowy conditions, so they need their physical strength to do their job,” says Dr MacMillan.

“Saint Bernards are gentle giants that are strong enough to help rescue people stranded on the side of mountains. Rhodesian Ridgebacks are another strong guarding breed, designed to guard livestock on farms in South Africa,” she adds.

Strongest dog breeds

Rottweiler

Hailing from the mastiffs of the Roman army, the Rottweiler might be a tough, hard worker, but within a family Rotties are affectionate, gentle and sometimes even silly.

Their thick muscular body can weigh as much as 135 pounds and they'll need two hours of exercise a day. If you've got the stamina to keep up, this chilled yet courageous dog can make for a wonderful family pet.

Alaskan Malamute

Bred as an arctic sled dog, the Alaskan Malamute looks every bit the part. With their muscular body, deep chest, strong shoulders and snowproof coat these dogs, who can weigh up to 85 pounds, are seriously tough.

And they have to be, they are the strongest of the sled dogs. Yet despite their brute strength, this pack animal is happy to cuddle up with its family once he's done pulling sleds (or, more likely, been exercised for two hours).

Saint Bernard

The Saint Bernard is big, seriously big. A male can weigh as much as 180 pounds! Yet despite their size, they're known as the genial giant of the Swiss Alps. Excellent with children, these intelligent, strong dogs were originally bred by monks in the Swiss Alps to rescue travellers, as well as for guarding.

While they're still used as search and rescue dogs, the beloved breed is well suited to life as a family pet. Just make sure they get their hour of exercise a day!

Rhodesian Ridgeback

Hailing from South Africa where this scent hound was bred to track game, this athletic, powerful dog has a strong prey drive. The name comes from the ridge of hair growing in the reverse direction along its spine, which, according to local folklore, denotes courage.

Weighing up to 85 pounds, these athletes need upward of two hours of exercise a day. While they are loyal companions and very affectionate with those they are bonded to, this strong dog is not for the faint hearted.

Great Dane

Muscular yet elegant, sweet yet powerful, Great Danes are known as the “Apollo of Dogs”. Weighing up to 175 pounds and taller than most people when standing on their hind legs, this breed is imposing.

Bred from hunting dogs who sought wild boar, the hunting instinct is still present. Kind and protective to its family, the Great Dane makes for a wonderful addition to any family. Assuming they have a spare two hours a day to exercise this noble beast, that is.

German Shepherd

Brave, intelligent and powerful to boot, many consider the German Shepherd the ultimate jack of all trades. Certainly, they are used for a number of roles including police work, assistance dog, military duties, search and rescue and drug and explosive detection.

If you're looking for a loyal dog, you'd be hard pressed to beat a German Shepherd, a breed known for putting their life on the line to save a loved one. Just make sure you've got time to exercise your new best friend for at least two hours a day.

Newfoundland

A strong, adaptable working water dog, the Newfoundland’s name comes from Northeast Canada from when he originated.

Over the years this breed has pulled logs from the forest, hauled in fishing nets, retrieved equipment from the water and even jumped out of low flying planes in search and rescue missions. We told you, adaptable! In a family setting the Newfoundland is gentle and loyal, just make sure you can exercise yours up to an hour each day.

English Bulldog

Originally bred for bull-baiting and dog fighting, English Bulldogs are known for their bravery and tenacity. Short but powerful, the bulldog is a well muscled dog with a powerful jaw.

A distinctive looking dog, Bulldogs are renowned for their character and endearing mixture of qualities: they're easygoing yet courageous, tough looking yet friendly. Make sure yours is well bred, and gets walked at least an hour a day (unless it's hot, as being a brachycephalic breed they can have breathing issues in the heat).

Doberman Pinscher

The biggest pinschers, the Doberman takes its name from Louis Dobermann, a German tax collector who wanted a fierce looking dog in this line of work to protect him and deter any thieves.

Mixing breeds such as the Weimaraner, greyhound, Manchester Terrier, Rottweiler and German Shepherd, Louis Dobermann was able to get the combination he was after: super smart, fast, powerful and robust of character.

This combination of intelligence and biddable nature makes the Dobermann popular in the armed forces and police too. But this sleek, powerful dog makes for a great family dog too. Weighing in at up to 100 pounds, just be sure you've got more than two hours a day to exercise.

What you need to know before you get a strong dog

Strong dogs have got a lot going for them, they’re hardworking and admirable creatures. But they are not for everyone. Before you commit yourself to a strong dog, it’s worth considering whether you have the time and inclination to train and exercise them to the degree which they need.

Training is even more important

“For all these dogs, their strength and size serve a purpose. Owners of these dog breeds must appreciate this and ensure they appropriately socialize and train their pets. While you can get away with a Yorkshire Terrier pulling you on the leash, a 170-pound Saint Bernard is another matter,” says Dr MacMillan.

But how do you train a big, strong dog? It turns out, in much the same way you’d train any dog. The key, as always, is consistency.

“Owners should start early and use positive reinforcement training techniques. By praising and rewarding your dog for good behavior, you will be encouraging them to keep repeating this. Never use negative training methods, like shouting or physical punishment, as this could lead to anxiety and other behavioral issues. Consistency is also key. That means having firm rules and sticking with them, otherwise your dog may become confused making your training tougher,” adds Dr MacMillan.

Ensure they are well exercised

If you haven’t got time to exercise your strong dog as much as they need, you’ll both end up miserable. So it’s really important to think about your schedule and realistic amount of time you have to commit to your dog before coming home with a Rottweiler puppy!

“Many of these dogs are working breeds and will have certain exercise demands that will need to be met. Under-exercised dogs will be more likely to be boisterous and distractible during training, which can be hard work with a powerful breed,” says Dr MacMillan.

Get specialist help

But what about if you’ve already got a strong dog, and you’ve run into trouble? Perhaps they are not well trained and walking them has become impossible.

“If you are struggling with a strong dog, then speak to a dog trainer or qualified pet behaviorist for assistance. It is important to address problems early on rather than letting things get out of hand.

“Some owners look for a quick fix, like a different type of harness. While this may make some difference, appropriate training is going to be the only way to stop a strong dog from pulling you on the leash,” advises Dr MacMillan.

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

For any dog parent, your pup’s health is going to be a concern. But dental health can sometimes be overlooked, meaning that our dogs might be suffering in silence.

You might brush your dog’s teeth on a regular basis or give them the best dental chews for a healthy mouth, but a new study from Purina Dentalife has found that almost a third of dog parents (30%) ignore bad breath, assuming that it’s normal for dogs despite 42% of all respondents saying their dog has it, while a quarter can’t tell if their dogs’ teeth and gums are in good shape.

Almost one quarter have noticed their pup struggling to eat, while 23% have noticed inflamed gums, and 13% have seen their dog pawing at their mouth.

More than a third have even delayed a vet visit in the past, hoping that dental issues will “sort themselves out,” with only 41% saying they’d go straight to the vet, while just 25% link symptoms like drooling or behavioral changes to tooth and gum issues.

For 22%, the internet is the first place to seek out information, with 32% searching for information about their dog’s health and behavior online each week, but a whopping 74% find themselves more confused than when they started. Can you use regular toothpaste on dogs, for example?

Spokesperson Dr Paul Manktelow said: “Dental disease affects over 80% of dogs over the age of three and often goes unnoticed. Early signs like bad breath, red or swollen gums, and tartar build-up can be easily missed, but the infection can progress and impact a dog’s overall health.

“That’s why daily dental care matters. Regular brushing is ideal, but many owners find it challenging.”

He added: “If your dog has persistent bad breath, red or bleeding gums, stops eating, or seems in pain, it’s time to call your vet. These can all be signs of dental disease that needs treatment. For general advice on prevention, like how to start a dental care routine – stick to trusted sources, but if you’re ever unsure, always speak to a vet.”

More than 60% of dog parents give their pet chews or sticks to help, while 43% take them to the vet for professional cleaning, and 40% brush their teeth at home. Of those pet parents who don’t brush their dog’s teeth, a third (34%) said their dog won’t let them, while 14% say it isn’t necessary – here’s how to clean a dog’s teeth without brushing.

If you’d like to know how to better care for your pup’s mouth, here’s how to keep dog teeth clean with tips from a vet. Take a look at our list of dog gum diseases and five vet-approved ways to prevent them, too.

Pica in dogs may not be a familiar term to many pet parents, but it describes a surprisingly common behavioral and medical condition where dogs consume non-food items. As a vet with 14 years of experience, I’ve seen everything from socks and stones to toys and plastic bags eaten.

Many curious canines have been known to indulge in this unusual habit. While it might initially seem quirky or mischievous, pica is far more than a passing phase. It can pose serious risks to a dog’s health and wellbeing if left unaddressed, making awareness and early intervention essential.

Below, I’ll explain exactly what pica in dogs is, the common symptoms and causes, and how we diagnose and treat it. I’ll also discuss why it can be dangerous, and when you should seek urgent veterinary attention. I will help you recognise the signs early so you can protect your dog’s health and wellbeing.

What is pica in dogs?

Pica in dogs is the repeated eating of non-food substances that have no nutritional value. These can include stones, soil, fabric, plastic, metal, sticks, paper, or even feces. While many dogs will occasionally chew or mouth unusual objects out of curiosity, pica is different – it’s a compulsive behavior or symptom of an underlying problem.

In veterinary medicine, pica is not considered a diagnosis in itself, but rather a sign that something else may be going on. This can be physical (such as a gastrointestinal disorder) or psychological (such as anxiety or boredom). In some cases, pica can be dangerous enough to cause life-threatening complications like intestinal blockages or poisoning.

Symptoms of pica in dogs

The most obvious symptom is your dog actually eating non-food items. However, there are other signs that might indicate pica or complications from it, such as:

• Repeatedly picking up and swallowing inedible objects
• Vomiting or retching
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal discomfort or bloating
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy or weakness
• Signs of pain when touched around the stomach
• Evidence of objects missing from the home or garden

If your dog has swallowed something that could cause a blockage or be toxic (e.g., batteries, sharp objects or fabric), you should contact your vet immediately.

Causes of pica in dogs

There are several possible causes of pica in dogs, and sometimes it’s a combination of factors. The most common include:

• Nutritional deficiencies – Low levels of certain minerals or vitamins can trigger unusual eating habits.
• Medical conditions – Disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, anaemia, or endocrine issues (such as diabetes or thyroid problems) may be linked.
• Behavioural issues – Stress, anxiety, separation anxiety, or boredom can lead to repetitive chewing and swallowing of inappropriate objects.
• Learned behaviour – If a puppy discovers that eating something odd gets a reaction (even if it’s negative), they may repeat it.
• Breed tendencies – Some breeds, such as Labradors and Spaniels, are notorious for eating things they shouldn’t.
• Age-related changes – Older dogs with cognitive decline may start to display unusual eating behaviours.

How do you treat pica in dogs?

Treatment for pica in dogs depends on the underlying cause. Your vet will usually start with a full health check, possibly including blood tests, fecal analysis, and imaging (such as X-rays or ultrasound) to look for both the cause and any complications.

Management options include:

• Medical treatment: Addressing any underlying illness, such as treating anemia, correcting nutritional deficiencies, or managing gastrointestinal disease.
• Dietary adjustments: Feeding a balanced, high-quality diet and ensuring your dog’s meals meet all nutritional needs.
• Behavioral modification: Using training and positive reinforcement to discourage object-eating and redirect your dog’s focus.
• Environmental management: Removing access to tempting items and providing safe chew toys or puzzle feeders.
• Increased stimulation: Regular exercise, interactive play, and mental enrichment to reduce boredom and anxiety.
• Specialist referral: In some cases, your vet may refer you to a veterinary behaviorist for ongoing support.

It’s important to remember that pica can’t always be “cured” instantly – in many cases, it requires consistent management and patience.

Is pica fatal in dogs?

Pica can be fatal depending on what is eaten and the quantity. The most common and dangerous risk is an intestinal obstruction. This is when the swallowed object blocks the digestive tract. This is a life-threatening emergency that often requires surgery. Perforation (where a sharp object pierces the stomach or intestines) and poisoning from toxic substances are also possible.

Even if your dog passes the object without obvious harm, repeated ingestion can cause chronic irritation, internal injury, or infections. That’s why it’s so important to address pica early, rather than hoping your dog will “grow out of it.”

Pica in dogs can be frustrating, worrying, and potentially dangerous, but with the right veterinary support and a tailored management plan, most dogs can live happy, healthy lives. If you ever suspect your dog has swallowed something they shouldn’t, don’t wait for symptoms to develop – call your vet straight away.

By recognizing the signs, understanding the possible causes, and taking steps to treat or manage the behavior, you’ll be giving your dog the best chance of avoiding complications and enjoying a safe, fulfilling life.

Read next: How to stop a dog from chewing on wood and the best durable dog toys for chewers

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Hair loss in dogs is something I’ve seen countless times in my 14 years as a practicing vet. A dog’s coat is more than just for looks – it’s an important part of their health, providing warmth, protection, and even acting as a reflection of their overall wellbeing. When the fur starts to thin, develop bald patches, or fall out entirely, it can be worrying for owners, and understandably so.

As a vet, I know that hair loss (also called alopecia) can be a sign of anything from something as simple as seasonal shedding to more serious skin conditions or underlying illnesses. While some causes are straightforward and easily treated, others require thorough investigation and tailored treatment plans.

In this guide, I’ll explain what hair loss in dogs actually means, the symptoms to watch out for, the most common causes, and how it can be treated. I’ll also share advice on when to seek veterinary attention to make sure your dog stays as healthy – and as fluffy – as possible.

What is hair loss in dogs?

Hair loss in dogs refers to a partial or complete absence of hair in areas where it should normally grow. This can affect small patches of the body, larger areas, or even the entire coat, depending on the underlying cause. It may appear gradually over time and be so subtle that some owners will not even notice, or it can develop quite suddenly.

Unlike normal dog shedding, which happens as part of the coat’s natural growth cycle, alopecia is abnormal and usually indicates that something is interfering with hair growth or causing the hair to fall out prematurely. This can be linked to skin problems such as dermatitis, allergies, parasites, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, or even behavioral issues.

Symptoms of hair loss in dogs

The signs of hair loss in dogs can vary depending on the cause, but common symptoms include:

• Bald patches on the skin: Clearly visible areas with no fur.
• Thinning fur: The coat can look less dense or full than normal.
• Red or inflamed skin: Irritation beneath the fur.
• Crusting, scaling, or scabs: Skin surface changes that are visible to owners at home.
• Itching and scratching: Sometimes intense and persistent.
• Excessive licking or chewing: Especially on affected areas.
• Changes in skin color: Either darkening (hyperpigmentation) or lightening (depigmentation).

Sometimes hair loss is accompanied by other signs such as lethargy, weight changes, or increased thirst, which can give clues to an underlying hormonal disorder.

Causes of hair loss in dogs

Hair loss in dogs can be caused by a wide variety of factors. The most common include:

• Allergies: Dogs can be allergic to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust mites, or mold, as well as certain food ingredients like beef, chicken, or dairy. Allergies often cause intense itching, leading to scratching, licking, and fur loss.
• Parasites: Fleas, mange mites (sarcoptic or demodectic), and lice can all irritate the skin, triggering scratching and chewing that leads to bald patches. Some parasites burrow into the skin, directly damaging hair follicles.
• Skin infections: Bacterial infections (such as staphylococcal dermatitis) or fungal infections like ringworm can cause patchy hair loss, scabs, and redness. Infections may occur on their own or as a secondary skin issue due to damage from scratching or parasites.
• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions such as hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone), Cushing’s disease (excess cortisol), and sex hormone imbalances can disrupt the hair growth cycle, leading to symmetrical hair loss and changes to the coat texture.
• Poor nutrition: A diet lacking in essential fatty acids, protein, vitamins, or minerals can affect coat quality and contribute to gradual hair thinning. Always ensure you are feeding the best dog food you can.
• Stress or behavioral causes: Some dogs over-groom, chew, or scratch themselves due to stress, anxiety, or boredom, which can result in self-inflicted alopecia.
• Seasonal or breed-related shedding: Certain heavy-shedding breeds, such as Huskies or German Shepherds, have heavy seasonal molts. While this isn’t true alopecia, it can look alarming to an unprepared owner.

Treatment of hair loss in dogs

Treatment depends entirely on the cause, so an accurate diagnosis is essential. Your vet will start by taking a full clinical history, they will then examine your dog’s skin and coat, and possibly running tests such as skin scrapings, hair plucks, blood tests, or allergy testing.

• Treating underlying conditions: Allergies need to be managed with dietary changes, medication, or in some cases immunotherapy. Parasites need to be treated using prescription flea, tick, and mite control products. Infections are targeted with antibiotics, antifungals, or medicated shampoos. Hormonal disorders require long-term medication and regular monitoring.
  
• Nutritional support: Switching to a complete, balanced diet and adding omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can help restore coat health and promote healthy regrowth.
  
• Skin care: Medicated shampoos, moisturizing sprays, and topical ointments can soothe itching and reduce the risk of secondary infection.
  
• Behavioral support: If stress or boredom is a factor, providing enrichment activities, behavior training, and in some cases calming supplements or medication can help.

When should I be concerned about my dog’s hair loss?

You should book a veterinary appointment if:

• The hair loss is sudden or rapidly spreading.
• The skin looks sore, red, crusty, or infected.
• Your dog is scratching, licking, or chewing excessively.
• There are distinct bald spots rather than generalised shedding.
• Other symptoms are present, such as changes in appetite, thirst, weight, or behaviour.

While mild seasonal shedding is normal, any unexplained hair loss or persistent dog skin problems should always be investigated. Early diagnosis means faster treatment, better comfort for your dog, and often a quicker return to a shiny, healthy coat.

Hair loss in dogs can be unsettling, but with prompt veterinary assessment and the right treatment, most cases can be successfully managed. Keeping up with parasite control, feeding a balanced diet, and regularly checking your dog’s coat will help prevent many problems – and keep your dog looking and feeling their best.

Read next: Skin allergies in dogs and hot spots on dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Who doesn’t love a bit of sightseeing when on vacation, or enjoying a day off in your own city?

Well, now dogs can get in on the action, too, with some sightseeing on their own. Earlier this month, Helsinki launched the first-ever sightseeing tour for dogs to coincide with the Finnish capital hosting the World Dog Show last weekend.

The Doggy Route to Happiness takes in a dog-sized Sibelius Monument, a pop-up dog café (some of the best dog treats, anyone?), a dog island, a dog-friendly DJ set, and advertising targeted toward our furry friends, too.

The tour launched at the weekend with almost 20,000 canine visitors to the city. Finland was named as the happiest country in the world for the eighth consecutive year in March, and the tour is part of a bid to extend that happiness to dogs, too. Take a look at Visit Helsinki’s dog’s guide for more information about what the city’s pups get up to.

“Pets boost happiness,” said Soila Lehkonen, the Head of Brand & PR in Helsinki Partners, responsible for the city’s international marketing. “This time, we wanted to bring attractions to some of the city’s most beloved outdoor spots – places that both dog owners and their dogs can enjoy together. We hope as many people as possible will come and experience familiar landmarks from a dog’s perspective.”

The Stickelius Monument, which honors the iconic Sibelius Monument devoted to the composer Jean Sibelius, was curated by local rescue dog Neris. The pup has become well-known in Finland for collecting sticks and turning them into a public art installation known as the Stick Gallery, or Keppigalleria.

There’s also a stop at Café Dogatta, which is located next to the famous Café Regatta, and photographer Fanny Haga was there on Saturday to take custom dog portraits in front of a dog-sized photo wall.

However, the main attraction is Rajasaari Island, a dog-friendly island complete with forests, beaches, and water. The President and Prime Minister of Finland both live nearby, too, and have been seen with their dogs on the island.

The World Dog Show, meanwhile, was hosted by the Finnish Kennel Club at the Messukeskus Expo and Convention Centre. A Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, Black Majesty Some Say, and her dog mom Iva Raič won Best in Show.

Over 15,000 dogs participated over the weekend, with the most registered breeds being the Labrador Retriever, Finnish Lapphund, golden retriever, and Dalmatian. They came from 73 different countries, ranging from Finland and nearby Sweden and Poland to as far afield as Peru, Singapore, and Australia.

Wherever you are in the world, here are 10 signs your dog is happy. Meanwhile, here’s how to bond with your dog in 10 simple steps

Despite their name, experts don’t believe the Chinese Crested dog originated in China. It seems more likely to have emerged from Mexico, which is where Spanish explorers found them in the 1500s.

You could imagine their surprise at seeing these dogs with their spotted pink skin, crazy hair, furry feet and feathering tail. Some would say they are a super-cute toy dog breed while others would consider them among the ugliest dogs in the world.

Whichever side of the fence you sit on, it’s worth checking out this breed in more detail. As we do so, we’ll discover that not all Chinese Crested dogs are hairless but that, regardless of fur, they can be rather high maintenance. We’ll also take a look at the exercise and training needs and assess their overall health with the assistance of expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of exercise?

Chinese Crested dogs are a low-energy breed and they can stay healthy with minimal effort.

“They only require a small amount of exercise,” Dr Coder says.

Indeed, you don’t even need to take them outside each day although fresh air is undoubtedly good for them.

So long as they’re getting a minimum of 30 minutes each day in one shape or form, they’ll be sufficiently physically stimulated.

“They do well with short walks outdoors or indoor play,” Dr Coder says.

Taking Chinese Crested dogs outside

You will need to be careful if you venture outdoors with this breed. In winter, you need to make sure they are wearing one of the best dog coats – their relative lack of muscle or fat means they feel the cold.

In the summer, despite being one the best dog breeds for warmer weather thanks to their upright temperate-regulating ears and medium-sized snout, you need to ensure their skin is protected.

“If you take your Chinese Crested outdoors, they should have protective clothing or sunscreen in the summer and warmer clothing in the winter,” Dr Coder affirms.

All that said, Chinese Crested dogs are among the best dog breeds for travel so don’t leave them at home if you intend to go on vacation.

Are Chinese Crested dogs easy to train?

According to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs, Chinese Crested Dogs have fair working and obedience intelligence. They will understand new commands with 40–80 repetitions and obey the first command 30% of the time or better.

What this means is that, with positive reinforcement and consistency, you should find this breed to be willing and adaptable.

“Chinese Crested Dogs are easy to train as they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

It’s important that you carefully socialize this breed. Although they will be loyal to their families, they will be suspicious of strangers but this can be overcome with sufficient training.

Do Chinese Crested Dogs make good family pets?

This breed’s friendly, cheerful nature makes them a good fit with families. They’re also one of the best dogs for seniors since they’re playful and affectionate.

“Chinese Crested Dogs make excellent family dogs and they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

“Chinese Crested are friendly and very outgoing and do well with children, but should be supervised as they are fine-boned and easily injured with rough play.”

Do Chinese Crested dogs need a lot of grooming?

Since Chinese Crested dogs have far less hair than most other breeds, you will find they are one of the small dog breeds that don’t shed much. But while that saves you a heap of effort caring for their fur, these dogs are still one of the most high-maintenance dog breeds.

As mentioned earlier, you need to take care of their exposed skin.

“Chinese Crested dogs without hair require regular skin care to keep them healthy, including regular bathing, lotion, acne treatment as needed, and sunscreen,” Dr Coder says.

Hairless Chinese Crested dogs may also be more prone to allergies or skin irritation because their skin is not protected by a haircoat.

That said, there is a variety of Chinese Crested Dog that does have hair: the Powder Puff.

“Powder Puff Chinese Crested Dogs have a short haircoat,” Dr Coder says. “Powder Puff Chinese Crested require regular grooming and daily brushing, as their coat tangles easily and can lead to painful matting if not cared for properly.”

Are Chinese Crested dogs hypoallergenic?

The hairless Chinese Crested dogs could be considered to be among the most hypoallergenic dog breeds although, given the Powder Puff variety doesn’t shed, either can be a good choice for allergy sufferers.

Just remember that problems can still surface, though.

“Most people with dog allergies are allergic to skin and saliva from dogs, so no breed is truly hypoallergenic. Chinese Crested are no different,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Crested dog health problems

Chinese Crested dogs have a few health conditions owners should be aware of. They include patellar luxation.

“This is a condition where the kneecap does not stay in the appropriate location. This can lead to lameness of varying severity, and may require surgery,” Dr Coder says

They can also suffer from Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

“It’s an orthopedic disease that can cause degeneration of the hip joint,” Dr Coder explains.

Like many purebred dogs, Chinese Cresteds can develop progressive retinal atrophy.

“It can affect vision and cause blindness,” Dr Coder adds. “They can also develop glaucoma, which is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eye is too high, causing pain and eventually blindness,” Dr Coder says.

Chinese Cresteds can also suffer from lens luxation within the eye, which can lead to eye pain and blindness.

Should I get a Chinese Crested dog?

If you want an unusual-looking canine, then you’re certainly going to get that with a Chinese Crested. You do need to give them a lot of care and attention, however – their skin must be looked after and you can’t leave them alone for long because they suffer from separation anxiety.

They are, however, a great dog breed if you’re short on space and they can also accompany you on your travels. You will find they are good at many canine sports, too.

Read next: American dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

We are famously a nation of dog lovers, but what's a person to do if they're living in a city? Or an apartment without a garden? Or busy juggling the demands of work and parenting with limited time for walkies? For many, one of the smallest dog breeds is the answer. Well suited to a range of environments, smaller dogs often adapt better.

Small dogs are also easier to physically handle and manage, more travel friendly and – in some cases – have lower exercise needs. Many small breeds often outlive their larger peers, plus their smaller size means lower food costs, and potentially less wear and tear on the house too.

If all that appeals to you, we have written about small dog breeds and teapcup breeds, before. But in this article, we have dug into the data to come up with the 10 smallest dog breeds taking into account both weight and height. But we also spoke with a qualified vet, Dr Rebecca MacMillan, on issues to consider when bringing home a small dog.

Smallest dog breeds

Our list below takes into account both height and weight metrics, rather than just looking at one metric and in doing so it highlights some breeds you might not think of.

You might also be surprised to find it doesn’t include some very popular small dogs, such as the shih tzu or French Bulldog, which while compact are generally heavier or taller and therefore pushing them out of the top 10.

1. Chihuahua

Dinky in both weight and height, it's little surprise the Chihuahua nabs top spot. One of the oldest dog breeds dating back to the Aztec civilisations, these tiny dogs are big on personality.

Despite their little stature these dogs can be fearless and are totally devoted to their favourite person. Watch out for jealousy issues! They'll also need regular dental care.

2. Pomeranian

With their adorable fluffy bodies, fox-like face and energetic temperament, the Pomeranian might be small but they have bags of energy. This is because they descended from large sled dogs in the Arctic, but have been bred down to tiny form.

Speaking of, while they're a little heavier than other toy breeds, their teeny height and condense build give them a higher rank overall. Their thick double coat will need plenty of grooming and you'll need to keep them happy with regular exercise.

3. Toy poodle

If you're looking for a pocket size dog that's whip smart, look no further than the toy poodle. Super intelligent and highly trainable, the poodle is considered one of the smartest dog breeds making them naturals at obedience and agility.

While they're slightly taller than their peers, their low weight and slender build puts them firmly in the smallest breed category. But be warned, you'll need to use a professional groomer regularly if you commit to a poodle.

4. Yorkshire Terrier

With their silky coat and confident nature, the Yorkshire Terrier is a true personality dog. Hailing from Yorkshire where they were bred to catch rats this dog doesn't mind a spot of hard work.

However their steel-blue and tan coat does require maintenance and their loud bark can make them useful watchdogs. If you're looking for a fun and feisty small breed, the Yorkie is an excellent option.

5. Maltese

Characterised by their flowing white coat, the Maltese is one of the oldest European toy breeds dating back some 2,000 years. Small dogs get a reputation for having big voices, but Maltese dogs are known for their demure personality and rarely bark.

That stunning coat will require some work to maintain though, including frequent brushing to avoid tangles. If you're looking for a calm companion, the gorgeous and super light Maltese could be for you.

6. Papillon

Known for their butterfly-shaped ears, papillion translates to butterfly in French. Low weight and short height makes this one of the most petite dog breeds despite their leggy appearance, and yet the papillon is not a pure lap dog.

They are incredibly agile and true athletes in dog sports like agility and obedience. Their lively nature positions them as an excellent option for active households looking for a compact but playful dog.

7. Italian Greyhound

A delicate, slender sighthound hallmarked by speed. Surprised by the inclusion of a greyhound? They're often categorised as medium dogs, yet it's a lightweight dog and short in height, despite its long legs.

The Italian Greyhound can reach speeds up to 37 mph, yet once they've been exercised they're gentle creatures who love a sofa snuggle.

8. Brussels Griffon

You'd have to have a heart of stone not to be charmed by the Brussels Griffon's curiously expressive face. Once bred to hunt rats, they were later adopted by nobility and beloved for their unique, wise appearance.

While it might look like a sturdy dog, the compact height and low weight keep it ranked among one of the smallest breeds. The breed can come with rough, smooth or mixed coats, meaning regular grooming can be required.

9. Japanese Chin

Once a companion of Japanese and Chinese royalty, the Japanese Chin is an elegant dog characterised by its expressive face and hallmark gait.

Also known as the Japanese Spaniel, this Asian breed is upbeat, lively and intelligent. Their long, silky coat is beautiful, and will require grooming to uphold.

10. English Toy Spaniel (King Charles Spaniel)

Popular with royalty during the Tudor period, the English Toy Spaniel was a particularly popular companion amongst nobility under the reigns of King Charles I and King Charles II.

Bred for companionship, these dogs are gentle, affectionate lap dogs. While they're actually on the heavier side than similar sized dogs, their short stature keeps them firmly in the smallest combined ranking.

Common health issues with small dogs

Dental disease

“Small breed dogs are susceptible to dental disease. Their small, dainty mouths are prone to excessive tartar build up, gum inflammation and tooth loss. Owners need to be proactive about their small dog’s oral hygiene.

“Daily teeth brushing from an early age is recommended, plus professional veterinary dental procedures, as needed,” says MacMillan.

Knee joint issues

“Patella luxation is a joint condition that is very common in little dogs. The kneecap slides out of position in one or both hind legs, causing limping, pain, and the early onset of arthritis.

“Owners should keep an eye out for changes in their pet’s mobility. A skipping gait or hopping for a few strides can be a sign that something isn’t quite right,” says MacMillan.

Windpipe problems

“Tracheal collapse is often seen in small breeds. In this condition the rings of cartilage holding the trachea [windpipe] open become weakened, leading to collapse of the airway. Affected dogs can have a dry honking cough and breathing issues,” says MacMillan.

How to be proactive

“Owners can be responsible by making sure their small dogs attend routine vet checks and receive all their recommended preventative care. You must also seek help if you spot any issues with your pet, don’t turn a blind eye.

“Pet insurance helps give many owners peace of mind, allowing them to access veterinary care more easily. This is especially useful if their small breed dog needs something like orthopaedic surgery or referral to a specialist for a severely collapsing trachea,” says MacMillan.

Read next: Cutest dog breeds

The term “oriental dog” means that the breed originated in East or Far East Asia, most commonly in Japan, China and Tibet. Ranging from petite Shih Tzus to behemoth Tibetan Mastiffs, from fluffy chow chows to sleek and athletic Thai Ridgeback, these widely varying breeds have unique characteristics and histories that reflect the diverse cultures of their origins.

Throughout millennia, domesticated Asian dogs filter through all the strata of society. They’ve worked as haulers and herders, been royal companions and guardians of religious temples. But despite their long history and development in East Asia, many of these breeds are highly sought-after and popular pets throughout the world.

Let’s take a look at oriental breeds of all shapes and sizes.

Oriental dog breeds

1. Shih Tzu

The precise history of these silky lap dogs is a little hazy, but their ancestry lies in Tibetan temples and as canine companions for Chinese royalty. They resemble mini lions thanks to their copious “manes”, and as lions were sacred in Buddhism, this afforded them special status.

Nowadays the even-tempered Shih Tzu makes an affectionate family pet, bred over centuries to live alongside humans. Just be prepared for some serious grooming of those luscious locks...

2. Chow chow

Originating in Ancient China where they were used as guarding and herding dogs, the chow chow is powerful and dignified – known for their signature purplish-black tongues in adulthood. This is a very old breed, one of the earliest known “basal” breeds, from which most modern dogs are derived.

With their thick coats and fluffy ruffs, they have something of the lion in them, but tend to form strong bonds with their humans. They are somewhat aloof in temperament and can have a stubborn streak, but on the upside they are renowned for being super-clean, both in house-training and body odor.

3. Lhasa Apso

Despite their diminutive size, the Lhasa Apso’s original role was as a guard dog at palaces and monasteries in the Himalayas. These Tibetan cuties might be small, but they are both hardy and regal, with their flowing, straight coat falling to the floor on each side.

Uber glamorous, yet both feisty and lazy all at once, the Lhasa Apso is distinctive both in character and looks.

4. Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback is not yet a well established breed outside its homeland, although several kennel clubs, including the Federation Cynologique Internationale and American Kennel Club do recognize it.

It is an ancient breed, one of the few that have a ridge of hair along its back formed by the hairs growing in the opposite direction. Like other ridgeback breeds, the Thai version is known for its loyalty, survival instincts and athleticism.

They come in solid colors of blue, black, red or fawn, occasionally with a black mask.

5. Akita Inu

“Inu” means dog in Japanese, which is where the akita hails from. The American Kennel Club recognizes both the American Akita and the akita inu and they are considered separate breeds, although this is controversial in Japan.

Akitas are known for being family protectors, being big-boned, imposing dogs with curled tails and thick coats. While affectionate with those they trust, they tend to be wary of strangers and have strong instincts to keep their loved ones safe.

6. Japanese Chin

Of all the Japanese dog breeds, the diminutive Chin is arguably the cutest (though the jury’s out on whether it really, truly came from Japan). A delightful toy lapdog with a long, silky coats, they have a regal outlook and tend to love us humans.

With their aristocratic connections, exotic look, large eyes and profuse coat, this is a dog with a feline side.

7. Shiba inu

The shiba inu is a foxy spitz breed developed to hunt small game in the Japanese mountains. As befits a mountain dog, they have a dense double coat (in four stunning colors), and an independent streak. Nowadays they make great pet dogs so long as they have sufficient early socialization, and make fun, loyal and playful companions.

8. Pug

This brachycephalic companion breed is a charming, impish and fun little dog whose primary aim in life is to share the love – and act the clown. With their scrunchy faces, big round eyes and snuffles, pugs are a comical character who’s impossible not to adore.

Initially bred to entertain Chinese emperors thousands of years ago, since the 16th century they have been beloved in Western societies too, popularized by Queen Victoria.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Tibetan breed is the archetypal guardian: devoted to their family and mistrustful of strangers. More mountain dog than mastiff, they are massive creatures with dense coats to protect them against Himalayan winters. However, despite their colossus appearance Tibetan Mastiffs are surprisingly nimble.

10. Pekingese

Like many Asian lapdog breeds, the Pekingese was developed as companions for Ancient Chinese emperors. Its name derives from Peking – as the capital of China, Beijing, was previously called.

While their origins stretch back millennia, Pekingese dogs continue to act as though they belong in a palace – being opinionated, charming and ever so confident in their status, whatever their (tiny) size.

11. Shar pei

Like many Asian breeds, the shar pei is both a natural companion and guard dog, loving to his own family but aloof towards strangers. Developed in the imperial palaces of southern China, these strong and independent dogs now make loving pets in experienced homes.

They are somewhat extraordinary in appearance as an extreme wrinkly breed, their trademarks are their massive folds of loose skin around the head, neck and shoulders, a blue-black tongue, and a muzzle that resembles a hippo! Shar pei means “sandy skin” – which describes their harsh, bristly and sandy-colored coat.

12. Tibetan Spaniel

The Tibetan Spaniel bears little resemblance to most other spaniel breeds, being closer in appearance to its fellow Asian breeds the Pekingese, pugs and Lhasa Apsos.

Like many of these small companion breeds, the “Tibbie” was created as a (super-cute) guard dog for monasteries, has a silky coat and a ruff resembling a lion’s mane – the animal considered almost sacred in Buddhism.

13. Korean Jindo

The Korean Jindo is a fairly new addition to the American Kennel Club, and is still a foundation stock breed rather than established (due to needing a solid base of stock to confirm recognition of a new breed). They are rare outside their homeland.

The Jindo is native to the eponymous island in South Korea and is one of the country’s national treasures, signifying its importance in the culture and heritage and ensuring the breed’s preservation.

Jindos are known for their loyalty and good temperaments, but they are also highly active and impressive jumpers, which makes them great escape artists. They are a spitz breed, resembling foxes, and were developed for hunting and guarding.

14. Tibetan Terrier

Much like the Tibetan Spaniel bearing little resemblance to a western spaniel, the Tibetan Terrier has little to do with most terriers. In fact, they’re more of a herding dog, while also having acted as a watchdog at Buddhist monasteries through their history.

Their long and dense coat is their hallmark, while their fluffy feet are another feature that helped them thrive in the snowy Tibetan landscape.

15. Japanese Spitz

You only have to look a Japanese Spitz in the eye and you’ll want to smile. They are true people-pleasers: fluffy, loyal, fun and affectionate with all the family. And while they have Japanese in their name, their roots really lie in Germany – having first been imported around 1920.

They have a cute, foxy look with triangular ears and a curly tail, like most spitz breeds, while their brilliant white coat with a lion-like ruff is distinctive.

16. Hokkaido

Almost unheard-of outside its native Japan, the Hokkaido is a loyal and docile breed that lives to protect its family. They have a spitz-type appearance, with a dense coat, foxy ears and a curled tail, and their presence in Japan is believed to date way back to the 12th century when they were used for hunting and as guard-dogs.

They have the status of “living natural monument” in their homeland, highlighting their cultural significance.

17. Thai Bangkaew

The Thai Bangkaew is little recognised outside his homeland. While they are an official breed according to the Federation Cynologique Internationale , they were only accepted into the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service in 2023.

A spitz-type with a plumed curly tail and dense coat, they hail from Bangkaew in central Thailand. They are said to have descended from a Buddhist abbot’s dog and crossed with a wild dog. They are intelligent, very protective over their own people and known to be tricky to train. One for the experts!

18. Formosan Mountain dog

The Formosan Mountain dog – also known simply as the Taiwan dog – is the only native breed of Taiwan. This loyal and intelligent dog was developed to hunt small game in Taiwan’s mountainous terrain and as such they are both bold and hardy as well as working faithfully alongside humans.

While rare – even in their homeland – they are an athletic and eye-catching breed, often with a brindle coat, beautiful almond eyes, pricked ears and sickle tail.

Like several other Asian breeds, they are not yet officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, but since 2017 have been listed in the foundation stock service.

19. Tosa

Listed in the American Kennel Club’s foundation stock service since 1997, the Tosa has a varied reception outside its homeland of Japan. Also known as the Japanese Mastiff, it is banned or restricted in several countries (such as the UK, Australia, Ireland, Denmark, Norway and New Zealand) due to its reputation as a fighting dog.

In reality, the Tosa tends to be calm, dignified and quiet. While they were indeed once bred for fighting, nowadays they are more commonly used as watchdogs, being vigilant, imposing and bold.

20. Kintamani-Bali

In a 2005 study, the Kintamani dog was described as an emerging breed from Bali, Indonesia, according to a study. It is in fact an established mix of many different breeds, including the chow chow, Bali street dogs and Australian dingoes. But since 2019, the Kintamani has been officially recognised as a breed by the FCI, on a provisional basis.

Although it’s a newly official, the Kintamani-Bali’s heritage goes back some 3,000 years. As befits a dog with feral origins, they tend to thrive living on the streets, but can also be affectionate and gentle around humans and are popular as pets in their homeland.

Livestock guardian dogs protect livestock including sheep, goats and cattle from predators such as bears, wolves and even robbers. Rather than move their animals around, like a herding breed would, livestock guardian dogs remain with the livestock deterring and defending them against threats.

Known for their protective instincts and bravery, livestock guardians are a great match for farms and those living rurally. Many of the breeds are calm and most are independent, usually forming close bonds with the animals and humans they spend time with. Their imposing presence helps ward off predators, meanwhile their loyalty and companionship is loved by owners the world over.

What is a livestock guardian dog?

Unlike a herding breed or retriever, the term livestock guardian dog is more of a functional title than a quantifiable classification. It refers to dogs bred and trained for the purpose of guarding livestock, but there is no standardised, agreed-upon official list that formally defines or ranks the dogs within this category.

It is much more of a working category, with the dogs within it recognised for their role, instincts and historic function. Most kennel clubs categorise breeds by groups, such as terrier and herding. You could think of livestock guardian dogs as an unofficial subgroup within the working or guardian groups, of which the latter is often broken into flock guards and mastiffs.

Livestock guardian behaviour

Here are some of the traits that characterise a livestock guardian breeds:

Instinct to protect: They have a natural instinct to watch over and guard their livestock, which they do without being aggressive towards their flock.

Alert: These are highly independent and alert animals that are used to making decisions on their own and staying on high alert for any threat.

Strong and large: As part of their role involves deterring predators, it makes sense that they are big and strong breeds.

Calm but confident: These dogs are not anxious or prone to getting in a flap – instead they have a calm demeanor and a quiet confidence that they can handle things.

Bonded: Raised alongside livestock, they naturally become bonded to them.

Livestock guardian dog breeds

Because there is no official list of livestock guardian dogs, we will focus on dogs that fulfill the role and are traditionally used for this purpose. We have taken into account common consensus across breed clubs and academic sources to round up the best and most widely recognised livestock guardians.

1. Great Pyrenees

A majestic mountain dog if ever there were one, the Great Pyrenees is known for its thick white coat and adoration of its family. The breed originated in the Pyrenees Mountains and was used to guard sheep from local predators like wolves and bears.

These are big dogs and their thick double coat needs thorough and frequent grooming. They can be stubborn and will require consistent training, yet a well trained Great Pyrenees is a loyal and loving companion.

2. Anatolian Shepherd

Prized for their intelligence and endurance the Anatolian Shepherd is a big, agile dog originating from Anatolia, Turkey. These dogs are seriously good workers, they are independent and territorial meaning they can work without being micromanaged. As such, they can form deep bonds with their livestock.

They'll need lots of early socialisation and even then they are a discerning dog prone to giving strangers the cold shoulder.

3. Maremma Sheepdog

This fluffy white Italian native is known for its fierce loyalty juxtaposed with gentle nature within a family centre. Originally bred to guard sheep in open pastures, the Maremma Sheepdog has a dense weather-resistant coat and has a deep, vocal bark used to warn off intruders. So consider yourself warned: you'll need to groom regularly and not be offended with a bit of barking

4. Kuvasz

Characterised by its striking white coat, the Kuvasz is as protective as it is courageous. Originating as a royal guard dog for Hungarian nobility, this large, powerful dog is protective of family and highly wary of strangers.

Their dense coat requires regular grooming, and their stubborn nature and high work ethic mean you'll need to engage with plenty of training.

5. Akbash

Calm and intelligent, the Akbash is a Turkish breed known for its zen-like confidence. These independent workers are able to work in harsh environments and have strong instincts when it comes to guarding livestock. Their short white hair helps provide camouflage with the sheep they protect.

6. Komondor

Instantly recognisable with their long, corded coat that can look a little like dreadlocks, the Komondor is a Hungarian breed bred to protect. Their unique and durable coat provides plenty of protection against the weather and predators, allowing them to get on with their job of protecting livestock.

7. Kangal

This Turkish national treasure is known for its immense bite force, speed and dedication to its flock. It's highly protective and territorial and while they have a calm demeanour with their family, they need an experienced handler, oodles of outside space and early socialisation aplenty.

With one of the strongest bite forces of any dog – sometimes compared with that of a lion – it goes without saying that owning a Kangal comes with a lot of responsibility.

8. Šarplaninac

Hailing from the Shar Mountains in the Balkans, the Šarplaninac or Sharr dog, is a rugged mountain guardian dog known for being fearless and highly territorial. Its large size and thick double weatherproof coat are well suited to protecting livestock across punishing terrain. Highly intelligent and alert, you'll need a good training plan and plenty of socialisation.

9. Tibetan Mastiff

This ancient Himalayan breed is known for its huge size (weighing up to 150lbs!) and impressive thick double coat, well suited for working long shifts in the cold. The Tibetan Mastiff is highly protective and known for its deep, booming bark. The magnificent coat requires plenty of grooming and you'll need to train and socialise well.

10. Polish Tatra Sheepdog

A vigilant guard dog at work, a calm force around the family, the Polish Tatra Sheepdog is a joy of a dog. Originated in the Tatra Mountains in Poland, the dogs' all-white coat helps keep them warm in the harsh climate.

11. Caucasian Shepherd

Hailing from the Caucasus Mountains, this large Russian mountain guardian dog is famed for its brute strength, fearless nature and protection. The thick double coat can be both short and long, and is often brindle, grey or white.

While they are bonded and loyal to their family, they require early socialisation and plenty of training.

12. Spanish Mastiff

Built for Mediterranean climates, the Spanish Mastiff is a master in protecting flocks from wolves over challenging terrain. The short-to-medium length coat is easy to groom, and this dog is calm and gentle around the family.

13. Bulgarian Shepherd

A hard worker hailing from Bulgaria’s karst mountains, the Bulgarian Shepherd is intelligent and independent. Also known as Karakachan dogs, this breed has been bred to defend sheep and other livestock from predators like wolves and bears.

14. Estrela Mountain dog

This smart and mighty Portuguese guardian breed is able to guard flock across rough mountain terrain.

Originating in Portugal’s Estrela Mountains, the Estrela Mountain Dog is well used to working across tough landscapes to protect flocks of sheep, goats and other livestock from wolves and bears.

While there are no banned dog breeds at the federal level in the US, many states have introduced dog ownership laws and breed-specific legislation that can impact owning certain breeds that are considered dangerous.

In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the breeds regularly subjected to breed-specific legislation across the US.

Are banned dogs dangerous?

What makes a dog dangerous? We asked expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

“While dangerous dogs are a public health threat, many breeds of dogs are assumed to be inherently and automatically dangerous. This is decidedly untrue as no dog is fundamentally dangerous, and aggression and behavior depend on a multitude of factors regarding the dog, the owner, and the environment,” says Dr Coder.

Despite the controversy surrounding this topic, many states have implemented breed-specific legislation. But what exactly is that?

“Most breed-specific legislation is aimed at breeds that are wrongly assumed to be more naturally aggressive, unsafe, or have a genetic predisposition toward unfriendly behaviors,” says Dr Coder. “These laws can vary by state and may require extra registrations, wearing of a muzzle in public, or housing and signage postings. They may even require owners to carry a predetermined amount of liability insurance for the dog or outright prohibit the owning of certain breeds.”

If you’re interested in finding out the most up-to-date information on breed specific legislation, check out the BSL Census, which is continually updated.

Banned dogs in some parts of the US

1. Pit bull

The term pit bull refers to a few different types of dogs descended from bulldog and terrier breeds, including American Pit Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers and dogs of mixed pit bull breeding, such as American Bullies.

Considered a controversial breed due to their background in dog fighting and a number of high profile attacks, these heavily muscled dogs are often subjected to breed specific legislation. Despite their reputation, pit bulls are renowned for their loyalty and affection towards their family.

2. American Staffordshire Terrier

A robust, stocky dog, the AmStaff is whip smart, sure of himself and good natured to boot. They're often real characters around the home, and their love of training makes them brilliant companions.

3. Bull Terrier

A cheeky chappy, the Bull Terrier might at first look quite serious with his peculiar head shape and funny erect ears. But it doesn't take long to see what a goofball this breed can be.

Playful, charming and just a bit stubborn, this loving breed can make for a lovely pet. You'll just need to guarantee early socialisation with other dogs and people, firm but kind training, plenty of exercise and lots of time with you.

4. Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Originally bred for bull and bear baiting, followed by dog fighting, today the Staffie is a beloved pet by many.

Natural comedians, the breed is playful and even sometimes referred to as nanny dogs due to their natural affinity with children. Pick a well bred dog and make sure you socialise them young.

5. American Bulldog

A descendant of the English Bulldog, the American Bulldog is an athletic dog with a fantastic balance of strength, endurance and a pleasant nature. As such, they thrived as the best farm dogs, including as guardians. They make for a loyal, confident canine companion.

6. Bullmastiff

Big and powerful, the bullmastiff was created to guard large estates from poachers. They were bred from an Old English mastiff, which provided a heavy dose of courage, and the English Bulldog for strength and tenacity.

They continue to make excellent natural guard dogs and respond brilliantly to training. While incredibly strong, the bullmastiff is also very sweet with their families.

7. Belgian Malinois

Loyal and clever, the Belgian Malinois also needs a lot of exercise and mental stimulation too, as well as proper training and socialising. Bred as a herding dog, this Belgian breed is also used for assistance, detection, guard, police and search and rescue work.

8. Dogo Argentino

A pack hunting dog bred for tracking down game like wild board and puma, the Dogo Aregentino is a seriously athletic dog. With a built body, strong head and muscular legs, the Dogo is both powerful and agile. They're smart, strong and protective of their family.

9. Doberman Pinscher

If you're looking for one of the best protection dogs, you'd be hard pressed to find a finer dog for the job than the Doberman Pinscher. They are courageous and vigilant, compactly built boasting both muscle and speed. Their stunning coat and characteristic wedge shaped head helps them stand out in the crowd, and will put any intruder immediately off.

10. Cane corso

With a history dating back to the ancient Romans, the name cane corso translates to bodyguard dog. And that's exactly what you'll get with this clever, assertive and highly trainable dog. Often clocking in at more than 100 pounds, and with a seriously hench stature to boot, the corso must be responsibly bred, well trained and socialised from an early age.

11. German Shepherd

One of the best all purpose workers out, the German Shepherd can turn his hand to many tasks, from search and rescue to police and military work. This loyal breed is also unbeatably brave and very sharp. Aloof with strangers, they are gentle within the home and dedicated guardians to those they love.

12. Rottweiler

Believed to have descended from the mastiffs of ancient Rome, Rottweilers are known for their gorgeous wide set eyes, loyalty and energy. You'll need an active lifestyle and plenty of mental stimulation to keep a Rottweiler happy, out of trouble and in good shape.

13. Alaskan Malamute

Looking every bit the sled dog he was bred to be, the Alaskan Malamute is heavy set with powerful shoulders and chest and an all weather coat, which makes them one of the best dogs for cold weather.

While they work hard and need plenty of exercise, they love nothing more than a post-work cuddle with their best humans. A strong dog, they benefit from plenty of training early on.

14. Siberian Husky

Another sled dog, the Siberian Husky is agile and strong, bred to pull light loads over frozen ground. They can be vocal and have plenty of energy, so they need lots of exercise and mental stimulation, as well as plenty of training early on.

15. Presa Canario

Bred for herding cattle, the Presa Canario is also a fine candidate for guard dog. A sturdy build with a deep bark, this confident dog is naturally wary of strangers. Despite that, the breed is well mannered and totally devoted to his family.

16. Akita

Hailing from ancient Japan, the akita has an air of dignity about them. In Japan they are believed to be omens for health, happiness and longevity. Heavy boned, muscly and double-coated, the akita is an impressive dog characterised with its curled over tail and erect ears.

While they are standoffish with strangers and often other animals, they are affectionate and even playful with their favourite people. They must be socialised early on for success as a family pet.

17. Chow chow

With their trademark lion's mane ruff and said to be as clean as cats, the chow chow is a dignified dog dating back to ancient China. They might be aloof with strangers, but they more than make up for it with their favourite people, to whom they are enduringly loyal.

18. Wolf hybrids

A wolf hybrid is created when breeding a domestic dog with a wolf. These dogs can be challenging to keep, as they are partially wild.

They need a specialised diet, can be incredibly shy and wary of new experiences and require a huge amount of exercise. They also have the potential to become aggressive, especially during the reproductive stage of the year when they become more territorial.

Read next: Best guard dog breeds

Most of us would agree that all dogs are cute, right? The World’s Ugliest Dog contest was held at the Sonoma-Marin Fair in Petaluma, California, last week (August 8), and even the canines vying to win here all had a certain charm.

Petunia, a hairless Bulldog, was crowned the winner, so she’s hopefully receiving plenty of the best dog treats as a reward. The two-year-old English-French Bulldog mix is the latest winner of the annual contest, and gets $5,000 and the opportunity to appear on limited-edition cans of Mug Root Bear, too.

Petunia and her dog mom, Shannon Nyman, made the journey south from Eugene, Oregon. The New York Times reported that she was rescued from “a backyard breeder and hoarder” in Las Vegas and brought to Oregon by Luvable Dog Rescue. She required surgery to correct an elongated palate, a condition that affects breathing and eating and is more common in brachycephalic, or flat-faced breeds.

She is a “gentle soul who adores other dogs, cats, and people, “ per The New York Times.

The contest, which “celebrates the imperfections that make all dogs special and unique,” has been running for almost 50 years. Among the other contenders this year were eight-year-old Chinese Crested Little Prince Wonder and Chihuahua Nezumi, 13.

Last year’s winner was an eight-year-old Pekingese, Wild Thang, with organizers saying at the time, “Despite facing numerous challenges, including surviving distemper as a puppy, Wild Thang has emerged as a healthy and happy ‘glugly’ [glamorous/ugly] guy.”

The distemper stopped his teeth from growing in, which means that his tongue stays out of his mouth.

The year before, Scooter, a seven-year-old Chinese Crested with mohawk-like hair, was the winner. He was born with deformed legs and used a cart to help him get around. In 2022, meanwhile, the Chihuahua mix Mr Happy Face was crowned the ugliest dog.

Then there’s Peggy. A cross between a Chihuahua and a Chinese Crested, she won the title of Britain’s Ugliest Dog in 2023 and became a famous dog in her native UK. Last year, she even appeared in Marvel’s Deadpool & Wolverine as Dogpool, winning two Fidos Awards and walking the red carpet with Ryan Reynolds and Hugh Jackman at the movie’s premiere in London.

If you’d like to enter your own pup into the World’s Ugliest Dog contest next year, you can do so on the Sonoma-Marin Fair’s website, where more information for next year’s contest will be shared nearer the time.

Read next: Cutest dog breeds and English Bulldog vs French Bulldog

Looking for a new puppy shopping list? We've rounded up the must-have essentials for you. Preparing for the arrival of a new puppy is super exciting, but it can also be overwhelming trying to decide what supplies you need.

That's why we've put together this list with the help of expert vet, Dr Rebecca MacMillan. It includes everything from leashes to food bowls, and maybe a few things that you hadn't considered like equipment for keeping your pup safe on car journeys.

We've covered everything you need to get to help you and your new pup get started off on the right paw. Let's see what essentials you need to add to your shopping list.

New puppy shopping list

1. Bed

Having a cozy place to sleep is essential. Dr Rebecca MacMillan adds, "Sleep is essential for your puppy’s development, and they need to be able to rest in a comfortable environment."

A dog bed can also offer your pup a place to go if they're feeling anxious or overwhelmed.

Some pet owners also choose to crate train as a place to feel safe.

2. Food

This one goes without saying, but you will need to spend time deciding which food you want to feed your pup. The best puppy food will ensure your dog gets all the nutrients they need to support their growing bodies.

You may also want to stock up on puppy treats. Treats are great for training sessions and are an easy way to improve the relationship with your dog.

3. Bowls

Of course, you will need food and water bowls to serve your dog. Dr MacMillan advises that they should be "sturdy and easy to clean to keep them hygienic".

There are plenty of options to choose from and even smart pet bowls that can make feeding your pooch even easier. These bowls offer automatic feedings and can even weigh food to ensure your dog is getting the right amount.

4. Leash

A leash is a must-have. There are many types of dog leashes, and you'll have to decide on the best dog leash for your pup. It's important to get a solid leash as you'll be spending a lot of time on walks, especially if you have a high-energy breed.

If you want advice on how to train a puppy to walk on a leash, check out our step-by-step guide.

Dr MacMillan also adds, "You will also need to invest in a collar, ID tag, and leash for your new pet. While they won’t be going out for walks until they have completed their primary vaccinations, you can get your puppy used to the sensation of walking equipment in the safety of your home."

5. Grooming

Unless you have a dog that hardly sheds, you should expect to have weekly grooming sessions scheduled. These can be done at home, and all you'll need is a dog brush and something to trim their nails.

When it comes to nail clippers vs grinders, there are pros and cons to both. But with new pups, you may prefer to use grinders as it's easier to avoid cutting too close to the quick. Grinders are also easier for new pet parents to maneuver. But whichever you choose, it's worth checking out our round-ups of the best dog nail clippers and the best nail grinders for pets.

But most importantly, you'll want to be sure that your keeping your pup's teeth clean. with a dog toothbrush. We've got an expert vet approved guide on how to brush a dog's teeth to help.

6. Car safety equipment

"A doggy seatbelt, dog guard, or a secured dog crate will help you and your pet to stay safe on car journeys," says Dr MacMillan.

Dog harnesses are an excellent choice as well. They will ensure your dog doesn't get jostled around in the event of a car accident.

7. Toys

We've saved the best for last. Toys are arguably the most fun item to buy for your pup., but there are a few things to consider when purchasing new ones.

"Make sure to stock up on a few different types, with varying textures and functions. This will keep your puppy mentally stimulated and will help you to work out what their favourite type of play might be," says Dr. MacMillan.

You'll also want to make sure they are made from strong and durable materials that can withstand plenty of puppy chewing. If you're looking for inspiration, check out our guide to the best puppy toys, tried and tested.

Read next: Things I'd wish I'd known before getting a dog and puppy habits you should nip in the bud

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

Hydrotherapy for dogs is becoming an increasingly popular form of physical rehabilitation – particularly for dogs recovering from surgery, managing arthritis, or living with long-term mobility issues. As a vet with 14 years of experience, I have seen first-hand how water-based therapy can transform a dog's quality of life.

This form of treatment takes place in specially designed pools or underwater treadmills where dogs can exercise without putting excessive strain on their joints. The buoyancy of water supports the body, allowing for gentle movement and muscle engagement with minimal pain or pressure. It’s not just for poorly pups either – some owners use hydrotherapy to keep their dogs fit and active in a safe, low-impact way.

If you're considering taking the plunge, our guide to the best swimming pools for dogs is a great place to start. But first, let’s dive into the details of hydrotherapy: what it involves, who it’s for, and whether it could help your dog.

What is hydrotherapy for dogs?

Hydrotherapy is a type of physiotherapy that uses the properties of water to support and improve your dog’s musculoskeletal health. Sessions typically take place in a heated pool or underwater treadmill, depending on the dog's individual needs and preferences. The warm water encourages circulation, relaxes muscles, and allows for pain-free movement, even in dogs with significant joint stiffness or muscle weakness.

The frequency of hydrotherapy sessions can vary based on the condition being treated. For dogs recovering from surgery or injury, I often recommend starting with one to two sessions per week. Chronic conditions like arthritis may benefit from a similar frequency in the long-term. As your dog builds strength and comfort, your therapist might gradually reduce the number of sessions or adjust the treatment plan.

Hydrotherapy is particularly useful in managing conditions such as elbow or hip dysplasia, cruciate ligament disease, degenerative myelopathy, spinal injuries, and post-operative rehabilitation. It’s also commonly used to aid weight loss and improve overall fitness in overweight or elderly dogs.

Benefits of hydrotherapy for dogs

Hydrotherapy can provide a wide range of benefits for dogs, including:

• Reduced joint pain and inflammation
• Improved joint mobility and flexibility
• Increased muscle mass and strength
• Faster recovery from injury or surgery
• Enhanced cardiovascular fitness
• Support with weight management
• Improved mental wellbeing and confidence in anxious or nervous dogs

Hydrotherapy isn’t just physically beneficial; there are many ways dogs can benefit from swimming. It often gives dogs a new lease of life, boosting their mood and willingness to exercise.

Side effects of hydrotherapy for dogs

Although hydrotherapy is generally very safe when carried out by a qualified therapist, it isn’t entirely without risk. Potential side effects or concerns include:

• Muscle soreness: Particularly after early sessions, as the body adjusts to new types of movement
• Fatigue: Especially in unfit or elderly dogs, it’s important to allow for rest afterwards
• Skin infections or ear problems: If proper hygiene isn’t maintained, or water enters the ears
• Agitation or anxiety: Some dogs may initially be fearful of water, although this often improves over time

A full veterinary assessment should always be completed before starting hydrotherapy to ensure it’s suitable and safe for your individual dog.

How effective is hydrotherapy for dogs with arthritis?

Arthritis is one of the most common conditions I treat in senior dogs, and hydrotherapy has become a really useful tool in managing it. It’s gentle yet effective, allowing arthritic dogs to stay mobile and maintain muscle tone without worsening joint pain.

In fact, many arthritic dogs struggle with regular land-based exercise, which can leave them in a frustrating cycle of stiffness and inactivity. Hydrotherapy can help to break this cycle. The buoyancy of the water supports their weight, reducing the impact on inflamed joints, while the warmth soothes discomfort and improves circulation.

When used as part of a broader management plan – which may include medication, joint supplements, and lifestyle adjustments – hydrotherapy can significantly slow the progression of arthritis and improve quality of life. I frequently recommend it for my arthritic patients, especially those who are beginning to show signs of weakness or reluctance to move.

How expensive is hydrotherapy for dogs?

The cost of hydrotherapy can vary depending on your location, the facility, and the type of treatment (pool versus treadmill). As a rough guide:

US: You can expect to pay around $40–100 per session, with similar discounts often available for multiple bookings.

UK: Sessions typically range from £30–60 each. Some centres offer discounted packages if you book a block of sessions in advance.

Prices may be higher if your dog needs one-on-one support from a therapist, or if they require a more intensive rehabilitation program. Always check that the hydrotherapist is fully qualified and works under veterinary referral –this ensures your dog receives safe, evidence-based treatment.

It’s also worth speaking to your pet insurance provider. Some policies will cover the cost of hydrotherapy if it’s recommended by your vet as part of a treatment plan.

Hydrotherapy for dogs is a versatile and highly effective treatment that can support dogs of all ages and abilities. Whether your dog is recovering from surgery, living with arthritis, or just needs a low-impact way to exercise, hydrotherapy can offer real and lasting benefits.

As a vet, I’ve been genuinely impressed by how much this therapy can achieve. If you think your dog could benefit, speak to your vet about getting a referral; they will always be happy to help.

Read next: Dog breeds that love swimming and signs a dog is in pain

Edited by Megan Milstead.

What kills dog fleas instantly? This is one of the questions I’m asked most often as a vet, usually with a touch of panic! After 14 years of treating dogs of all breeds and sizes, I’m no stranger to the dreaded flea. They are far more than a minor nuisance – they cause intense discomfort, can trigger allergic reactions, and in some cases, spread parasites or even serious diseases.

Fleas can multiply astonishingly quickly, which is why it’s so important to act fast the moment you realize your dog may have them. While long-term prevention is essential (and we’ll come to that), there are several safe and highly effective ways to kill fleas instantly once they’re already on your dog. It is very important that all dog owners know how to get rid of fleas.

In this guide, I’ll break down the best fast-acting treatments, how to tell if your dog has fleas in the first place, and how to prevent another infestation. If you’re considering your medication options, don’t miss our best flea treatment for dogs guide, which is packed with vet-approved recommendations.

What kills dog fleas instantly?

If your goal is to kill fleas on your dog as quickly as possible, here are the most effective treatments we use in practice and recommend for home use. These options are fast-acting, clinically proven, and safe when used correctly.

1. Prescription oral flea tablets

Speed: Kills fleas within 30 minutes to four hours

This is my go-to in urgent cases. Products like Capstar (nitenpyram) are fast-acting oral flea treatments that start killing adult fleas almost immediately. They work by interfering with the flea’s nervous system, leading to rapid death.

It needs to be prescribed for the correct dose based on your dog’s weight. It needs to be used in combination with a longer-term treatment, since it only kills adult fleas present at the time – it doesn’t offer ongoing protection.

2. Fast-acting topical spot-ons

Speed: Kills fleas within 12–24 hours

Products like Advantage (imidacloprid) and Frontline (fipronil) kill fleas through contact – meaning the flea doesn’t have to bite the dog to die. They’re applied to the skin between the shoulder blades and spread across the body via natural oils in the skin.

The product is applied to clean, dry skin and you must avoid bathing your dog for at least 48 hours before and after application. Always read the label and use products specifically formulated for dogs under veterinary instruction.

3. Flea-killing shampoos

Speed: Immediate effect during use

Medicated flea shampoos can kill adult fleas on contact. They’re ideal in severe infestations when you want to physically remove a large number of fleas quickly. They must be used with caution, as they will only kill adult fleas.

If your dog has a flea infestation, prescription medication, and professional guidance are required, and they should never be used on their own. To use the shampoo, lather your dog thoroughly, working the shampoo down to the skin.

Leave it on for the recommended time (usually five to 10 minutes), then rinse well. Always follow up with a long-term flea control method from your vet.

4. Flea combs

Speed: Instant physical removal, but does not kill all fleas present or address other stages of the flea life cycle

A fine-toothed flea comb can be used to trap and remove adult fleas manually (similar to how nits are removed in humans). Comb slowly through the fur, especially around the neck, back, tail base, and groin. It’s important to note this is not a stand-alone treatment, but it is useful as a supplement to chemical control.

Signs your dog has fleas

Many owners assume fleas are easy to spot, but they can be incredibly sneaky. Here are the most common signs your dog might be dealing with fleas:

• Excessive scratching, biting, or licking: This happens especially around the tail, belly, or inner thighs
• Flea dirt: Small black specks (flea feces) that look like ground pepper; if you put them on a wet paper towel, they’ll turn reddish-brown
• Hair loss or thinning patches: This is often from self-trauma
• Scabs or red, inflamed skin: This can be caused by flea allergy dermatitis
• Live fleas: You might spot one crawling, particularly around the neck, tail base, or belly
• Restlessness or irritability: Some dogs become more unsettled due to constant itching
• Pale gums: In severe infestations, fleas can cause anemia, particularly in puppies or small breeds

If in doubt, part the fur and look closely near the skin – or use a flea comb. Just be aware, fleas move fast, so a quick visual check often misses them.

How to prevent fleas

Once you've dealt with the current infestation, it's essential to prevent fleas from coming back. Here’s what I recommend to my clients:

1. Use a monthly flea preventative: Choose a prescription or vet-recommended product that offers long-term protection. This includes spot-on treatments and oral medications. Consistency is key – don’t skip doses!
2. Treat all pets in the household: Even if one dog shows signs, every pet in the home, including cats, must be treated. Fleas can jump from one animal to another and thrive undetected.
3. Clean the environment thoroughly: Only about 5% of the flea population lives on your pet. The other 95% is in your home – as eggs, larvae, and pupae in carpets, bedding, and cracks in the floor.
   1. Wash all bedding on a hot cycle
   2. Vacuum daily (especially edges and upholstery)
   3. Use an environmental spray that contains an insect growth regulator (like this one from Amazon) to prevent flea eggs from hatching
4. Use flea preventatives year-round: Fleas are not just a summer problem. Central heating keeps them active in winter, so it’s crucial to maintain protection all year round – not just during warmer months.
5. Check your dog regularly: Regular grooming and use of a flea comb can help you catch any early signs of re-infestation. Early detection makes management far easier.

So, what kills dog fleas instantly? The answer depends on your dog’s needs, the severity of the infestation, and your long-term flea control plan.

Fast-acting oral medications like nitenpyram, topical spot-ons, or flea shampoos can provide immediate relief, but they should always be used as part of a wider strategy – including environment control and monthly preventatives.

As a vet, I can’t stress enough how much prevention is easier than treatment. With the right combination of fast actions, consistent prevention, and regular checks, you can keep your dog and your home flea-free all year long.

Read next: Safest flea treatment for dogs and flea medicine vs collars

Edited by Megan Milstead.

Amid the devastating flooding that’s taken place in Texas this month, hundreds of animals have been affected.

Shelters have rescued as many as they’re able to, with other animals unfortunately still out there. And one dog, Ziva, was found alive after being trapped for 16 hours, all thanks to one of the best GPS trackers for pets.

Erin Doguet left for Colorado to celebrate the Fourth of July on July 3, leaving her Texas ranch and its 200 animals in the care of her sister, Shannon, and a petsitter, Taelyn. Helping them would be Ziva, an eight-year-old Turkish Kangal, and two-year-old Central Asian Shepherd, Una.

However, on July 4, Doguet found out that Ziva had disappeared. She “took off after a predator or possibly also spooked by the big storm, causing her to end up on the back section of the ranch, which is bordered by the Medina River,” Doguet told People. “As she crossed the river, the flood waters rose swiftly, trapping her.”

Fortunately, Doguet had previously fitted both of her dogs with Tractive GPS collars to help her see where they were when working on the ranch. So, though Doguet’s sister and petsitter didn’t know where Ziva was, she did.

"While I was away, I was tracking Ziva on the Tractive app, helping guide Shannon and Taelyn to her,” she explained. “I shared Ziva's tracker location and access to the app with Shannon so she could track her as well on the ground. The app worked flawlessly in guiding us to her location.”

Shannon and Taelyn couldn’t see Ziva when they arrived in the right place. However, the Tractive app has an option to play a sound from the collar. This helped Shannon find Ziva, who was trapped in a flooded gully and was difficult to spot.

Doguet explained, “Ziva was found trapped in a flooded gully along the flooded Medina River. The roaring river blocked any escape back home, and the three other sides were too steep and slick for her to climb out on her own.”

She added that she “burst into tears” when Ziva was found alive. Because the collar kept reporting that the dog was in the same location for hours, she was worried that she had died.

Ziva was trapped for about 16 hours altogether, but survived with little physical damage. She was so tired that she wasn’t able to help Shannon and Taelyn pull her to safety, and she “guzzled water and slept for the next 12 hours” once she got home. Fortunately, however, there doesn’t appear to be any lasting damage.

If you’d like to support the animals affected by the floods, the Best Friends Animal Society is raising money for its emergency response fund. Our article about how to help the pets and wildlife caught up in the Californian wildfires earlier this year offers some helpful advice, too.

If your dog is afraid of the vet, they might show signs like barking, growling, and physical reactions, which can make check-ups and vaccinations very difficult – and might put you off taking them altogether.

To make vet visits more enjoyable for your dog, expert Dr Rebecca MacMillan says you'll want to give them plenty of praise and treats, as well as low-key interactions with staff members to slowly boost their confidence.

While working with a pet behaviorist or vet is the best way to help your dog overcome their fear, there are a few products that can help – like pheromones, supplements and pressure vests – that Dr MacMillan has recommended below.

How to keep your dog calm at the vet

1. Supplements

Supplements aren't a guaranteed quick fix, but there are lots of options available that could promote relaxation for your pooch, so it's definitely worth giving it a go. Dr MacMillan says that oral supplements can be helpful for some dogs and often contain natural ingredients like casein, L-tryptophan, and B vitamins, which have calming effects.

2. Pheromones

Dr MacMillan says: "Synthetic dog appeasing pheromones can also be useful. These replicate the pheromones released by mother dogs to calm their puppies, letting them know they are safe. These can evoke similar feelings in adult dogs too."

You can buy these as plug-in diffusers (like these ones) to place around your home, or, when visiting the vet, use an impregnated collar (like this) or a spray to spritz on your dog’s bedding, crate, and toys.

3. Pressure vests

For some dogs, pressure vests (aka Thundershirts) can have anti-anxiety effects, according to Dr MacMillan. They apply gentle pressure on your dog’s body, which can help them feel more secure in their environment.

Signs a dog is stressed at the vets

If you're wondering whether your dog is stressed by the vet, look out for these tell-tale signs of stress in dogs:

• Pacing
• Shaking
• Excessive yawning
• Nervous lip licking
• Drooling
• Body posture changes
• Face expression changes, like whale eye
• Excessive panting
• Hiding
• Fear aggression
• Toilet accidents

As mentioned earlier, if you want the best results, we recommend using these products as part of a behavioral modification programme run by a qualified behaviorist.

In some cases, where the dog is very stressed and unable to cope with visits at all, vets can prescribe medication to help manage their symptoms.

Dr. MacMillan says: "These drugs can be very effective at reducing severe anxiety, keeping your pet calm and allowing veterinary staff to do their job more effectively."

Read next: How to destress your dog and how to make vet visits less stressful

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The World Surfing Dog Championships returned to San Francisco on Saturday (August 2) with almost 20 pups taking part.

The annual contest takes place on Pacifica State Beach and draws thousands of spectators, all excited to watch the dogs competing against their peers for a chance to win. In some of the heats, multiple dogs surfed in tandem, while in others, they rode with people.

Judges noted how long the dogs remained on their boards, how long they could hold their balance, and whether they performed any tricks – some dogs could even turn around while surfing.

The winners all walked away with medals (and no doubt some of the best dog treats), but it was Cacau, a Labrador from Brazil, who retained her title of grand champion from last year.

Iza, a five-year-old French Bulldog, won the single surfer heat for medium-size dogs for the first time, with her dog dad David Fasoli telling the Associated Press he found “pure joy” when he taught his pup to surf during the pandemic.

“I have a disability – I only have one hand – so a nonsporting human combined with a nonsporting dog breed, we are kind of phenomenal, defying the odds of what people think we’re capable of doing,” he added.

Ten-year-old Labrador Charlie, meanwhile, loves to surf so much that he’ll grab his surfboard and run over to the water. If his parents, Maria and Jeff Nieboer, want to talk to their friends on the beach first, they have to hide his board. Charlie entered the extra-large single surfer heat and also surfed tandem with two other dogs, Maria sharing that “he loves the crowd.”

He doesn’t need to be rewarded with treats, either, Jeff adding, “Charlie does what Charlie wants to do once we’re in the water.”

Rosie, another Lab who surfed tandem with Charlie, was in four heats, and dog dad Steve Drottar said that the four-year-old is “stoked” whenever they go surfing.

“It’s like, hey, we actually did something today, right? We did something together as a team,” he said. “And the fact that you can do something as a team with your dog creates a different bond than you have when you just take your dog for a walk.”

He explained that he knows Rosie feels a sense of accomplishment after she goes surfing because she wags her tail harder than usual and loves to snuggle on the couch. “It feels like she’s saying, ‘Thank you’,” he added.

Read next: 32 ways dogs benefit from swimming

If you’re thinking about bringing home a dog to your family, your decision may be influenced by their prey drive. Prey drive essentially refers to a dog's instinctual urge to chase down prey, usually small animals. While dog breeds with high prey drive can make wonderful pets, and can be trained, for obvious reasons they aren’t always a good fit in certain home circumstances.

Homes with young children, other small animals or inexperienced owners may benefit from bringing home a dog with lower prey drive for many reasons. For expert insight on this topic, we spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with more than 15 years of experience.

Benefits of dogs with low prey drive

Calmer

If you’re looking for a calm dog breed who's going to be a laid-back member of the family – once puppyhood is out of the way – then a low prey drive breed will suit you best.

“Low prey drive dogs are less likely to chase after small animals and tend to be more even-tempered with other dogs. This reduces the risk that the dog will run off or become involved in an accident,” says Dr MacMillan.

Trainable

If you find the idea of training your new best friend daunting, stick with a low prey breed for a less intimidating start.

“Training is generally easier with low prey drive breeds, as they tend to be more focused on their owners than any squirrels or birds in the vicinity! This means they are a good choice of dog for less experienced owners,” says Dr MacMillan.

Adaptable

Looking for a dog who can adapt to your lifestyle? A low prey drive breed could be your answer.

“They are very adaptable dogs and will be happy with life in the city or the countryside,” says MacMillan.

Disadvantages of dogs with low prey drive

Less exciting

“The disadvantage of all of this is that some owners find them a little dull. Some of these dogs can be laid back to the point of being horizontal. They are often less interested in chasing toys and might be more food-motivated than high prey drive breeds,” says Dr MacMillan.

Dogs with low prey drive

1. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Wearing their history in their name, this regal toy breed is sweet, gentle and highly adaptable. And with their big round eyes and silky coat, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a handsome dog to boot.

But this aristocrat can be fun too, is great with children and can adapt well to various lifestyles. Whether you're an active family or prefer to chill at home, the Cavalier King Charles is just happy to be with you. A breed for companionship rather than hunting, the Cavalier King Charles is at his or her best when with their nearest and dearest.

2. Maltese

While the exact origins are debated, the original Maltese is an ancient breed dating back at least some 2,000 years. Renowned for their snow white, floor length coat these toy dogs have a lot of love to give.

Beneath their luscious locks, you'll actually find a robust little body boasting a smooth gait, making them keen little athletes given half a chance. But high prey drive dogs they are not, and while they can be a little stubborn, they're easy enough to train with rewards-based methods. They're also a low-shedding breed, making them the perfect companion for house proud dog lovers.

3. Bichon frise

A bichon frise might be low prey drive but nobody could accuse them of being boring. Sure they look sweet, but they are whip smart, endlessly curious and natural comedians. A true personality dog, a bichon frise is a great option for someone looking for a low prey drive breed with plenty of character.

The white, low-shedding coat is also appealing, and their affection for other dogs and children make them an appealing breed for families. Simple enough to train and with a sunny disposition, the bichon is a happy chappy that's a delight to own.

4. Great Pyrenees

A surprising inclusion perhaps, given that the Great Pyrenees was bred to protect their territory and livestock within it. However they were bred to do so without unnecessary chasing and aggression, meaning they are typically peaceful around smaller animals and young children.

So if you're looking for a low prey drive breed that's big and powerful, a Great Pyrenees could be your answer. Often lauded as majestic, these strong mountain dogs can weigh more than 100 pounds! In spite of their size, they exude a peaceful ambience and are a joy to have around.

With their mellow temperament, gentle nature and fluffy stature, the Great Pyrenees is a fantastic and unexpected low prey drive breed.

5. Papillon

Though the papillon may be small, they are mighty and keen mini agility dogs winning at the sports highest levels. Even if agility is not a path you'll walk, they are a boon to teach new party tricks too.

This robust little dog is characterised by their trademark butterfly shaped ears, giving them a sweet look. Yet their hardy nature and love of activity means these pups are more fun to have around than first impressions might lend. They're also highly adaptable, happy to live in warm or cool climates, as well as town or country. In short, they're friendly, fun and endlessly sunny.

6. Pomeranian

Fiesty, friendly and fluffy, the Pomeranian has been popular among royalty. Tiny in size – weighing no more than seven pounds – this small dog breed isn't short of personality! They are alert and intelligent, making them a joy to train. And while they are active, they are happy with short brisk walks making them well suited to a range of environments.

And with their low prey drive, they make an one of the best family dogs. They love nothing more than hanging out with their favourite people, and will happily play games and learn tricks. Their gorgeous coat does require regular grooming and some note they do enjoy the sound of their own voice.

7. Saint Bernard

Another big dog option for those looking for a powerful dog with a low prey drive. The Saint Bernard is known as a gentle giant and extraordinary fondness of children. Remember ‘Nana’ in Peter Pan – need we say more?

Do bear in mind these are seriously big dogs though, a male can easily weigh up to 180 pounds. They are also big droolers and you’ll need to set aside a good hour each day to exercise your new pack member. But whatever you put in, you’ll get more out by way of big hearted effective and sloppy kisses.

8. Pug

If you're looking for a chilled out, low prey drive dog you'd be hard pressed to beat the pug. One of their favourite pastimes is snoozing and they are so far from interested in chasing small animals the idea is actually almost laughable.

Bred as companion animals for Chinese Emperors, this ancient dog breed has a love of people bred into it. They love nothing more than attention, love and snuggles with their favourite humans.

With their short muzzle they don't cope well in heat, or with vigorous exercise so suit laidback homes in cooler climates.

If you're looking for an easier start as a new dog owner, opting for a dog breed with a low prey drive could be a smart decision. They can be more dependable in homes with other smaller animals, such as cats or rabbits. Plus their fundamentally adaptable nature means they are well suited to a range of households, including those with young children or based in the city.

Read next: Friendliest dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

There are a few circumstances where you might be left wondering how to litter train a dog. While it’s not common practice – like house training a puppy – as it’s recommended that you take dogs outside to go to the toilet outside, if your dog has mobility issues, is recovering from injury or illness, or lives in a high-rise apartment, training them to use a litter box might be useful.

The good news is, it's not as tricky as you might think, as Dr Rebecca MacMillan explains.

How to litter train a dog

1. Select the right litter box

The first thing you want to do is choose a litter box. It sounds like a simple enough purchase, but you'll definitely want to do your research. Likewise, you’ll need to look into appropriate litter for dogs.

"You must get the right-sized box to fit your dog otherwise it will make training more difficult and urine spillages could occur," explains Dr MacMillan

2. Introduce your dog to the litter box

Dr MacMillan says that introductions to any litter box need to be done slowly, with lots of the best dog treats on hand that you can use to reward your pup for sniffing or showing interest in the litter box.

"When they are happy you can then try and encourage them to enter it," she says.

3. Establish a routine

Consistency is crucial when it comes to getting your dog to use their litter box.

"Start as you mean to go on and establish a toileting routine, for example by taking your dog to their box first thing in the morning or after a meal," Dr MacMillan advises.

4. Use positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement is so important when it comes to litter box training.

"If your dog toilets in the box, then make sure to reward them with a treat and praise to reinforce the behavior," says Dr MacMillan.

5. Be patient and consistent

Using a litter box may not come naturally for some dogs, especially if they have previously toileted outside. Dogs also learn at different rates and some breeds are easier to train and may take more quickly to using a litter box than others.

"Remain patient and never punish them for any accidents as it could lead to anxiety," Dr MacMillan explains.

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Kathryn Williams.

Even choosing to get a dog in the first place is a big decision for a family to make, so deciding on which dog can be even more difficult.

There’s so much to consider. You might have favorite breeds – perhaps those you grew up with as a child yourself – or be weighing up whether to opt for a puppy or an older dog. Of course, breed is a factor that most people will – and should – consider, but one expert claims that there are actually better things to focus on.

Indeed, Rosie Bescoby, a qualified and practicing dog behaviorist working with Pure Pet Food, believes that upbringing and training are more important than finding the best family dog breeds. It goes against a lot of popular thinking, so let’s take a look at what she believes.

“The foundation of a dog’s temperament is laid in their genetics and those crucial first weeks of life,” Rosie begins. “A responsible breeder will prioritize calm, well-adjusted parents and provide puppies with consistent exposure to different environments and people, including children. This early experience shapes confidence, resilience, and the ability to thrive in a busy family setting far more than breed alone.”

Bescoby explains that all dogs could potentially bite somebody if they feel scared or threatened, and that there’s no “bite-proof” dog out there. It’s important to be a responsible dog parent, reading dog body language and behavior and making sure that children learn to interact with dogs calmly and respectfully.

To that end, the experts at Pure Pet Food have these four key tips to remember when choosing a family dog:

1. Choose a responsible breeder: If you’re buying from a breeder rather than adopting, ensure you find a responsible one by visiting their home first and meeting the puppy’s parents to observe their temperaments. The breeder should be happy to share details including health records with you.

2. Ask about training and socialization: Puppies who’ve been raised in calm environments with exposure to sounds and people will grow into confident dogs. It’s well worth asking the breeder about their socialization schedule, and interactions with children and other pets.

3. Teach children how to behave around dogs: Choosing the right dog is one thing, but it’s just as important to teach children how to behave around them (and here’s how to introduce a dog to a baby). Teach them about dog body language, and establish rules like not approaching the dog when they’re eating or sleeping.

4. Ensure adult supervision: Young children should never be left alone with dogs, even small puppies or calm and gentle senior dogs. Supervising them at all times is vital to keep everyone safe, but it also gives you great opportunities to talk about the dog together and teach them more about dog body language and signals.

Read next: 12 things you should know about having a baby when you’ve already got a dog

Simply known as a “Toller” to fans of the breed, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever hails from Canada, originally as a hunting dog. They were used to lure ducks and other waterfowl into range of the guns before retrieving fallen birds. It is said that their playful antics on the waterline would pique the interest of ducks and geese, drawing them in to investigate.

Tollers are the smallest of the retriever breeds, but their trademark crimson coats makes them easy to spot in a line-up. They are playful and full of energy, yet they make affectionate companions. The American Kennel Club refers to these dogs as “red tornados”, and it’s easy to see why!

They can be a challenge to train, so short, fun sessions are the way to go. Keeping their brains occupied is just as important, too, so many owners partake in sports like agility or flyball. And if you live near water, you’re bound to have a happy Toller as these dogs love to swim.

If you think a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever could be for you, read on to find out more about the breed, with expert advice from vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers shed?

Yes, due to their waterproof double coat, Tollers are known for their shedding. Regular brushing can help keep on top of loose hairs, and happily this breed is relatively easy to groom.

“Their medium-length coat just needs regular brushing to keep things looking neat,” says Dr MacMillan, adding, “It’s important not to forget the feathery bits behind their ears as these can become matted.”

As with all dogs, regular teeth brushing and nail trimming is also recommended.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers good family dogs?

“Tollers can make great family dogs,” confirms Dr MacMillan. “Their compact medium size and friendly nature make them a good choice for active households.”

However, Dr Macmillan warns, “They are energetic dogs, so they may be best suited to older families who have the time to meet their exercise needs.”

They generally need around an hour of exercise a day, depending on their age and health status, and it’s important that this involves mental stimulation, too. Anything relating to retrieving or water will keep a Toller happy, and you can get the whole family involved here.

They’re always keen for an adventure and a play, so an active, outdoorsy family is the perfect fit for this breed.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers cuddly?

Yes, as well as being patient and loving with children, most Tollers love cuddling up with their owners, provided all their needs are met. If they don’t receive enough physical or mental stimulation they may become independent when out and about and destructive when in the home.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers bark a lot?

“Tollers are not known for barking a lot, but each dog is an individual,” explains Dr MacMillan. “Early socialisation will help to reduce the risk of excessive vocalisation.

“Also, making sure your dog has plenty of mental and physical stimulation will help to make them more settled in the house,” she adds.

They may well bark to alert their owners to strangers outside, or bark and whine when they are excited or overstimulated, but they are not known as being loud or “yappy” dogs.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever common health problems

“The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is considered to be a generally healthy breed,” reassures Dr MacMillan. “However, there are a few inherited health problems that they are susceptible to.”

Like many pedigree breeds, Tollers can suffer from elbow and hip dysplasia.

“Developmental joint abnormalities like these can lead to joint pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis,” explains Dr MacMillan.

She adds, “Autoimmune thyroiditis can affect this breed, leading to symptoms of hypothyroidism such as lethargy, weight gain and skin issues.”

Another endocrine (hormone) issue that can affect Tollers is hypoadrenocorticism, which is also known as Addison’s disease.

“This causes a decrease in cortisol production, which can have serious effects on the body, such as lethargy, vomiting, and collapse,” says Dr MacMillan.

She advises potential owners to “choose your puppy from a breeder that has carried out all of the recommended health screens”.

Should I buy a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever?

These intelligent, playful dogs are easy to fall in love with, but it’s important to make sure they’re a good fit for your family before you commit to a puppy. They’re a lively, energetic breed that loves nothing more than an outdoors adventure with their owners, and they make great companions to those who are able to meet their needs.

Families with an interest in dog sports, such as agility, dock diving and flyball, are a great fit for this active little retriever, and previous experience with gundogs will give you an advantage when it comes to training.

If you’re confident you can meet their needs, this playful “red tornado” could be a great addition to your family and a loyal companion to boot.

Read next: Chesapeake Bay Retriever breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

The second-largest continent in the world is home to many African dog breeds that have since been exported all over the world.

Most African dog breeds were originally working dogs, which is something to bear in mind as they are large, muscular, and strong

"This means they can be high energy with an independent streak, and are not necessarily suitable for a novice pet owner," says vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

African dog breeds

1. Rhodesian Ridgeback

The Rhodesian Ridgeback is known for its distinctive ridge of hair that grows along its back.

Originally bred for hunting and guarding, this is a powerful and agile large breed dog that needs around two hours of exercise each day. This is a very intelligent breed, but has a stubborn streak. Due to this – and their size – they are better suited to more experienced owners and handlers.

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are friendly, although they can be wary of strangers and other unknown dogs. It is important to socialize them from pups to help with this.

2. Boerboel

The Boerboel certainly stands out from the crowd thanks to their stocky build. They stand between 24–27 inches and can weigh up to 180lbs! They are one of the best guard dog breeds and are extremely protective of their pet parents and family.

This breed needs about an hour of exercise each day to stay happy. You'll want to be sure they have plenty of outdoor space to run around and stretch their legs.

3. Basenji

The basenji is a super intelligent pup, known for their distinctive yowling. This is a high energy breed that needs at least an hour per day of exercise. Basenjis are scent hounds and have a high prey drive, so they will do best in homes that don't have other smaller pets.

Basenjis have a strong independent streak and often struggle with recall training. Due to this, training can be a little harder, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. With plenty of the best dog treats and tons of positive reinforcement, basenjis can easily learn new skills.

4. Sloughi

A sighthound that originates from Northern Africa, the Sloughi is one of the fastest dog breeds that can reach speeds up to 42mph. They were originally bred for hunting and still maintain a high prey drive, so it’s best to keep them on a leash while out and about.

5. Aidi

You wouldn't guess it by looking at their thick coats but yes, the aidi originated in Morocco, where they were bred as guard dogs to protect against predators in the mountain regions.

Aidis are smart and loyal pups. While this breed is not officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is recognized by other organizations around the world.

6. Azawakh

The Azawakh is one of the rarest dog breeds around. They could easily be mistaken for a whippet due to their tall and slim frames. This breed was used to guard livestock, and they still carry their protective genes today.

They are incredibly loyal and loving dogs, but are not so trusting of strangers. Socialization can help them feel more comfortable around new people and dogs.

Caring for African dog breeds

You may have noticed a pattern by now – African dog breeds are typically high-energy and were originally bred for working purposes, so these dogs are going to do best when they are kept busy or given a job to do.

Dr MacMillan says, "Owners of large guarding and hunting breeds in particular, like the Rhodesian Ridgeback and boerboel, need to make sure their dogs receive early socialisation to avoid behavioural issues."

She also notes that these breeds will need just as much mental stimulation as physical to avoid boredom. Brain games for dogs and the best dog puzzle toys will go a long way in this department.

Read next: Unusual dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

Ever since launching in 2012, Bark has been on a mission to bring health and happiness to every aspect of our dogs’ lives in a simple and convenient way—and we’re here for it!

BarkBox is a monthly delivery of unique toys and all-natural treats and chews—inspired by a new theme, tailored to your dog, and shipped directly to your door. The SuperChewer box is a similar concept but designed for those enthusiastic dogs who play harder.

No two boxes are ever the same, making them just as unique as your pup. They include from allergy-friendly snacks and toys designed and matched to their specific playstyle.

It can be hard to keep your dog sufficiently entertained and out of mischief at times, but a monthly delivery of new toys and treats is sure to help on that front.

You can choose from a range of subscription plans, starting at just one month.

What’s in a BarkBox?

Each month’s BarkBox is packed with two unique toys that you won’t find anywhere else, two full bags of all-natural treats made with healthy ingredients, such as pumpkin and peanut butter, and one tasty chew to keep your dog busy.

What’s in a Bark SuperChewer?

Your delivery will include two tough toys unique to Bark, plus two bags of all-natural treats and two meaty chews made with healthy, protein-rich ingredients.

What’s the discount code?

Right now you can enjoy a $50 saving on everything at Bark until July 31 by following the offer found on our special BarkBox coupon page.

A police dog who took part in the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II has died following a car crash.

Five-year-old Bert, a Springer Spaniel, was one of two dogs in a Cleveland Police canine support unit vehicle when it crashed with a BMW in the town of Hartlepool in northern England on Thursday evening (July 17). They had been at work when responding to an emergency incident at the time.

Both animals were taken to a vet, and the other dog was found to be unharmed, but Bert was euthanized due to the severity of his injuries, per BBC News. The police officer in the vehicle suffered minor injuries.

A 33-year-old man was arrested at the scene and was later charged with drunk driving. He has been bailed and is set to appear in court on August 1. The police force has launched an investigation to establish the circumstances surrounding the collision.

Cleveland Police said that Bert had served as a sniffer dog for three and a half years, helping find drugs, cash, and firearms. In one search, he detected £250,000 (about $336,000) in cash.

In a tribute on Facebook, the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner for Cleveland wrote: “We're devastated to learn of the passing of PD Bert. Our thoughts are with PD Bert's handler, the Dog Support Unit and everyone in the Cleveland Police family. Thank you for your service PD Bert, rest easy.”

In 2022, Bert was deployed to London to help out with the Queen’s funeral. At the time, it was the largest ever ceremonial police operation, per the National Police Chiefs’ Council. There were more than 50 service dogs trained in explosives and firearms detection deployed altogether, with search dogs helping patrol town and city centres during the UK’s mourning period for the late monarch, too.

The service, which was held at Westminster Abbey in London on September 19, eleven days after Elizabeth died aged 96, was attended by 2,000 people, including then-US President and First Lady Joe and Jill Biden and members of European royal families.

The Queen’s Corgis, Muick and Sandy, were also present at the funeral and could be seen waiting with staff as the cortege arrived at Windsor Castle. Her Fell pony, Carltonlima Emma, was present too. The Queen, a patron of the Fell Pony Society, would ride Emma even well into her nineties.

Read next: Royal family’s dogs

Having originated among royalty in Beijing, China, when the city was named Peking, the Pekingese breed dates back some 2,000 years. Considered sacred and lion-like in appearance, there may actually be some overlap with Persian cats but one thing’s for sure, this toy dog breed makes the perfect cuddle buddy.

So is this Asian breed a perfect pet for you? Well, there are some downsides to owning one of these sassy, regal-looking dogs and we will explain the pros and cons with the assistance of expert vet Dr Lisa Coder.

Do Pekingese dogs need a lot of exercise?

Pekingese are known for being a low-energy dog breed and they would much prefer to be by their owner’s side, doing their best to raise a smile than sprinting across fields chasing after balls. In that sense, they could be classed as a lazy dog breed or, if that sounds harsh, one of the sleepiest dog breeds, given they can get their head down for hours. But that is not to say they don’t need to be active to some degree.

“Pekinese require a moderate amount of exercise,” says Dr Coder. “But, due to their short snouts, exercise outdoors in extreme temperatures should be avoided.”

In general, owners of this breed need to aim for between 30–60 minutes of gentle walking and play each day. Allow Pekingese to dictate their own pace, keep them cool and split the sessions over the day to avoid them overdoing things.

Are Pekingese easy to train?

Pekingese have the lowest degree of working and obedience intelligence, according to canine psychologist Stanley Coren in his book The Intelligence of Dogs. So you’re going to need at least 80 repetitions to get them to understand a new command and they’ll only obey the first command, at best, at a quarter of the time.

It means this breed is one of the hardest dogs to train.

“Pekingese love interacting with people but can be opinionated about following cues as they tend to have a mind of their own,” Dr Coder says.

They certainly won’t respond to your sessions with enthusiasm and you’re going to have to be very patient. But use positive reinforcement and be consistent and you can get past the stubborn side to some extent.

Do Pekingese make good family pets?

Their charm, confidence and good nature make Pekingese a joy to be around, so long as you’re not being bossy with them – that can lead to frustration on your part. Take them at face value and you’ll simply enjoy their loyal, affectionate and outgoing personality. To that end, they’re going to be suitable for so many people.

“Pekingese make excellent family pets and they love to spend time with their owners,” Dr Coder says.

Given how easy they can be to be around, this breed is among the best dogs for seniors but they may also be good dogs for younger families.

“Pekingese are friendly, very outgoing and tolerate children, but prefer not to roughhouse with kids,” Dr Coder says.

And if noise is an issue, you may want to listen to this piece of advice:

“Pekingese may bark more than the average dog, but it is an individual trait for each dog,” Dr Coder says. They will, however, alert you to people approaching your home. To that end, they’re good watchdogs.

Do Pekingese tend to stay indoors?

Pekingese are sedate and, if you don’t take them outside, they’re not going to complain – they’d rather tread the floor of a palace than stroll around a garden.

“Pekingese are social and friendly dogs, and are happy to stay indoors if that is where their owners are,” says Dr Coder. You should, for the sake of their health, however, allow them to venture outdoors for some fresh air.

The main issue here is that they will want you to be with them as much as possible so if you tend to go out a lot, that may not work out too well.

“Because they form such strong bonds with people, Pekingese frequently suffer separation anxiety when away from their owners for long periods of time,” says Dr Coder.

Do Pekingese need a lot of grooming?

Given they are among the most low maintenance dog breeds, Pekingese don’t require an abundance of care but they do need to be groomed each week.

“Pekingese have a long, thick, double coat and require regular grooming and brushing at home,” says Dr Coder. “They also have folds around the face that may require frequent cleaning.”

This breed also sheds seasonally.

“They shed a moderate amount and have long hair that can make the shedding seem excessive,” Dr Coder says. Keep on top of the coat with the best dog brushes and you’ll avoid mats and tangles.

Pekingese health problems

Pekingese have a few health conditions owners should be aware of and the main one is that this is a brachycephalic dog breed – hallmarked by their flat face and shortened muzzle.

Some campaigners are very much against people owning breeds such as these so it’s something to consider.

“Brachycephalic airway syndrome affects many short-snouted dogs and can cause trouble breathing, excessive snoring, exercise intolerance, and heat intolerance,” Dr Coder says.

Pekingese can also suffer keratoconjunctivitis sicca – more commonly known as dry eye.

“It occurs when the dog does not produce enough tears to appropriately lubricate the eye and can lead to irritation and even ulceration of the surface of the eye.”

Patellar luxation is a concern too.

“The kneecap does not stay in the appropriate location,” Dr Coder explains. “This can lead to lameness of varying severity, and may require surgery.”

Should I get a Pekingese?

Pekingese are popular and well-loved lapdogs with an abundance of positive attributes. They are very well suited to people who lead relatively inactive lives and who spend much of their time around their home. They’re one of the best dog breeds if you’re short on space as well.

But while they’re sleepy, they can take up a lot of your time given how much they thrive with human company and how difficult they can be to train. They won’t be comfortable joining you on an adventure and you also have to take into account whether or not you agree with the breeding of brachycephalic dogs.

Read next: Teddy bear dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

When I got pregnant, I was became really conscious that I didn’t want my dog to be jealous of my baby.

A 2024 survey by insurers ManyPets suggested that 36% of parents reported their dog becoming jealous since bringing a new baby home. Signs of jealousy can include whining, displaying attention-seeking behaviour, resource guarding, destructive behaviour and even unusual toileting habits.

Envy can also go hand-in-hand with anxiety, and you might find your dog leaves the room when the baby is there, or displays behaviours such as overgrooming.

Having read up on all this while I was pregnant, I wanted to take steps to make sure that my German Shorthaired Pointer, Maple, didn’t display any jealous or anxious behaviours towards my baby when I brought him home. Here’s what I did—and a realistic insight into how well it worked!

1. Desensitise your dog to baby sounds, sights and smells

There’s a lot you can do to prepare your dog before your baby’s arrival. I used to play Maple baby crying noises on my phone, starting out quietly and increasing the volume over time.

We also spent time in the nursery, put up the Moses basket in our bedroom and had the pram in the house downstairs. This got her used to all the paraphernalia that comes with having a baby, so there are not too many new things all happening at once.

2. Go for a walk with an (empty) pram

It might sound silly, but this is a great tip to get your dog used to walking nicely alongside a pram before you bring a baby into the mix, too. It’ll give you a chance to practise that loose-leash walking, and your dog will soon start to associate the pram (and eventually baby) with walkies.

3. Provide your dog with their own safe space

This is really vital to ensure your dog knows they have somewhere to go where they won’t be bothered by the baby. If your dog is crate trained, you most likely already have this sorted. In our case, Maple isn’t crate trained, so we used retractable baby gates (like these ones) to ensure that she wouldn’t be disturbed when she was snoozing by the fire.

While Maple was generally calm and happy around my son, in the early days she would become quite worried when he would cry. When this happened, I ensured she was never stuck in the same room as us and was able to leave to go somewhere else, away from the crying.

4. Introduce your baby in the right way

How you introduce your dog to your baby will have an impact on those first impressions. Maple was staying with my in-laws while we were in the hospital, and when my husband went to pick her up once we were home, he took with him a muslin cloth that smelt of our son for her to have a good sniff of.

Once he brought Maple back home, we greeted her first, with our son safely out the way in his Moses basket, so she could have plenty of fuss and be excited without putting the baby in danger.

Once she was calm, we let her approach the Moses basket and have a sniff, and we rewarded her with a couple of treats. We did this regularly over the first few days, and she soon understood that the baby was nothing to become overly excited about.

5. Don’t force any interactions

Never try to force your dog to sniff or say hello to the baby; let them do it on their own terms. Some dogs may take longer than others to want to investigate the new arrival, and that’s fine.

Others may be more interested and need some gentle encouragement to stay calm. In time, your dog will become more and more used to having your baby around the house.

6. Maintain their routine

A lot will change when you come home with a newborn, but one of the things you can try to keep the same is your dog’s routine. Keep breakfast and dinner times, as well as walk times, the same as they used to be before the new arrival. Too much upheaval can make your dog feel anxious, so this is a simple way to help them feel settled.

While there were definitely mornings where I would rather have stayed in bed to catch up on some much-needed sleep, nipping downstairs to let Maple out and give her her breakfast did help to maintain a happy house in the long run!

7. Keep up with their training

As well as ensuring that your dog stays on their best behaviour, regular training sessions will give you one-on-one time with your dog, which will help prevent any feelings of jealousy towards your baby.

With Maple, I often did training sessions in the garden while my son napped, and she absolutely thrived off these. Even a quick five-minute session made her feel really appreciated, and gave her brain a workout to tire her out, too!

Any one-on-one time you can give your dog, whether it’s training or just a good sofa snuggle, will really help them to feel like a priority to you.

8. Treat them to a new toy – or two

Maple loves a squeaky toy, so buying her some new toys when my son was very young helped to keep her happy – and stopped her stealing his cuddly toys! Interactive toys (like the best puzzle toys) are also great to give your dog something to do while you’re busy with the baby, too, helping to prevent them from becoming bored.

9. Pay attention to what your dog is telling you

You’re bound to be busy with the new baby, but do keep a close eye on what your dog is trying to tell you. If they’re being more destructive than usual, they might not be getting the exercise they need. If they’re avoiding the baby at all costs, they might be struggling with the noise and the changes to their routine.

Remember never to leave your dog unattended with your baby, and if you are concerned about any of their behaviours, your first port of call should be their vet.

Read next: How I survived having a newborn with a high-energy dog or best family dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Adopting a dog is a huge commitment, and for most people, it will involve browsing online, visiting local rescues and shelters, and falling in love with one of the animals there.

Some people, however, find themselves becoming dog parents through less conventional means, often entirely by chance. Take April Billak, who found a dog tied up in the backyard when she went to visit her new home and went on to give her a new life filled with the best dog treats and toys.

Billak found 10-year-old Molly tied up alone in the yard when she went to tour her new home – the previous owners left her behind when they moved. In the real estate purchase agreement, they said that they didn’t want to take their pets, including Molly and a cat, and said they’d leave them behind for the new homeowners “if desired”.

“During the house purchasing process, we were worried about what would happen with the dog,” she told People. “So we put it in the purchase agreement to make sure something worse didn’t happen to her.”

Billak knew she needed to keep the dog, and as soon as the offer was accepted she untied her and let her explore again. She said that she “wasn’t trying to hate on” the previous owners, because she wasn’t aware of their situation, but added: “I just wanted to make sure she was safe and going to be OK.”

She also urged people who might find themselves in a similar situation “to do whatever to help the dog,” and said she’d “love” for people to adopt rather than buy dogs more generally – take these dog adoption tips on board if you’d like to explore the idea.

When she first shared Molly’s story on TikTok, the video went viral and has since amassed over 33 million views and four million likes. “Bless you guys,” wrote one comment, while another said, “You have a wonderful heart!”

Since then, Molly and her feline sibling have been happily settling into life with their new family, and Billak has been keeping fans updated on TikTok at @mollysnewlife. In one video, she’s being taken off the leash for the first time, while in another, she’s being comforted while scared of the thunder outside.

Of course, Billak’s situation isn’t very common, but if you’re ever in a similar situation, here’s what to do if you find a lost dog. Meanwhile, here are eight things you need to know before getting a rescue dog

If you’ve got an affinity for bold, energetic dogs full of personality, you might find yourself charmed by dogs with a high prey drive. Prey drive refers to a dog's innate urge to chase down prey, often small animals.

Experienced dog owners are well placed to handle such dogs and a well trained high prep drive breed is often a highly rewarding companion to have around. But having such a dog is fundamentally a big responsibility.

To get the lowdown on the pros and cons of owning a high prey drive breed, we spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan, a qualified vet with more than 15 years of experience.

Advantages of a high prey drive

High energy

If you’re looking for a companion for your weekend hikes or countryside frolics, a high prey drive breed will have enough get up and go to keep you company.

“The advantage of a high prey drive breed is that they are usually active and energetic dogs, which many owners look for in a pet,” says MacMillan.

Like everything in life, it depends on your specific situation, though.

“However, this same energy could be a disadvantage for other owners,” says MacMillan.

Intelligent

If you’ve got the time not just to exercise your dog's body, but his or her mind too, you could be well placed to have a high prey drive breed. But if not? Think again.

“These dogs are usually working breeds that require plenty of physical activity and mental stimulation to keep their brains occupied. If they don’t get enough of either of these things it could lead to behavioural problems,” says MacMillan.

Disadvantages of a high prey drive

Harder to train

These dogs are not for the faint of heart, you need a robust training plan in place if you’re bringing one home as they can be some of the more difficult breeds to train.

“Dogs with a high prey drive can be distractable, making recall training particularly tricky,” says MacMillan.

If you’re not confident with dog training, you’ll benefit from expert guidance from a professional dog trainer.

Limited settings

“These breeds are best suited to countryside living where they have plenty of space to exercise freely,” says MacMillan.

If you live in a city centre or small home with limited outside space, this breed of dog is not likely to be a good match.

Dogs with high prey drive

Doberman Pinscher

This strong, well muscled dog was originally bred in 1890 by Louis Dobermann, a tax collector who wanted a fearsome, strong companion to assist him with his work.

Characterised by their strong body, long muzzle and graceful gait, Dobermans have a strong prey drive. They are smart dogs, fearless and incredibly vigilant, making them one of the world's best protection dogs.

Alaskan Malamute

Bred for brute strength and endurance, the Alaskan Malamute looks every part the sled dog it was born to be. From their powerful chests and broad shoulders to their weatherproof coat, everything works together to make this impressive dog capable of hauling heavy loads across punishing terrain.

Much like other arctic breeds, the Malamute has a very strong prey drive. But a well trained and socialised Malamute is a joy to have around and is surprisingly playful and gentle within its family pack.

Border Collie

Originating on the Anglo-Scottish border and descending from traditional sheepdogs, the Border Collie is a hyper intelligent herding dog. They have a reputation as workaholics for good reason, and a bored Border Collie is a recipe for disaster. However if you can ensure he or she is adequately physically and mentally stimulated, this affectionate dog makes for a wonderful companion and is one of the smartest dog breeds.

Border Collies have a strong prey drive, stemming from their deeply entrenched herding instinct. This can involve them chasing down anything that moves, including other animals, but even humans and vehicles in some instances! Suffice to say, training and socialising must begin immediately.

Jack Russell Terrier

Energetic, confident and full of character, the Jack Russell Terrier was originally developed to assist on fox hunts, like all terriers, the Jack Russell Terrier has a strong prey drive. Bred to help by intercepting dens and flushing foxes out, Jack Russells have retained a strong hunting instinct. The drive can result in chasing down anything that moves whether that's birds and squirrels or even cars.

Weimaraner

A German breed hunting dog dating back to the 19th century, the Weimaraner is originally from the city of Weima, hence the name. Known as 'Gray Ghost', the Weimaraner is a sleek all purpose gun dog characterised for its excellent speed, stamina and smarts.

With their history as gun dogs, they have a high prey drive as they have been bred to hunt, point and retrieve game, which can manifest in them chasing small animals like squirrels, rabbits and cats. But so long as well trained, this smart, attractive dog can make an excellent pet.

Greyhound

The king of sprinters, the greyhound makes for a surprisingly gentle and good natured companion around the house. Provided he or she has been adequately exercised first!

Known for their speed, slim heads and smooth coat, today the greyhound is a popular show dog and pet. But this sighthound has been bred over the years for coursing, greyhound racing and hunting, resulting in a very high prey drive that remains incredibly active.

Belgian Malinois

If you're looking for a high energy dog to form a deep and lasting bond with, look no further than the Belgian Malinois. This grafter of a dog is also also known as the Belgian Sheepdog, thanks to its herding instincts.

With that in mind, these dogs love to have a job to do and you'll need to provide plenty of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy. But if you do, you'll be rewarded with a tremendously loyal companion.

Dog breeds with high prey drive have bags of energy and laser focus, which can give them a competitive advantage as working or sporting companions. However these breeds require lots of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. For owners that understand this, and can provide a good outlet, these dogs make for excellent companions.

Read next: Best dogs for tracking

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

In an ideal world, we’d spend as much time with our pets as possible. Other aspects of life, like work, often get in the way, but potential new laws in Australia could require dog parents to spend a minimum amount of time with their pets each day regardless of other commitments.

The Code of Practice for the Welfare of Dogs has been proposed in the Australian Capital Territory – which contains the Australian capital city, Canberra, and is surrounded by the state of New South Wales – and would mean that dog parents would need to spend a minimum of three hours with their pup each day. It’s not just this, however – the legislation would cover everything from surgical debarking to the use of the best dog leashes.

“This Code aims to ensure that all dogs receive proper treatment consistent with the need to maintain their comfort, security, physical and mental wellbeing at all times,” it states. If you’d like some help yourself, here’s how to deal with a badly behaved dog, as well as lots of reasons to avoid using punishment with your pet.

The plan, which is on public exhibition until August 22, has proved divisive among pet parents with some asking how aspects of it would be enforced.

Tam Goddard, who has had her rescue Kelpie, Ruff, for seven years, told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation that the legislation “doesn’t seem to be well thought through,” asking what lawmakers define as “human contact” in the context of the code and how it would be policed.

"We have a lot of problems with the budget, with the health system. Call me a cynic, but maybe this is a diversionary tactic," she added.

However, Rhiannon Kwateng, of RSPCA ACT, supported the proposed legislation, saying that most dog parents are already spending more than three hours with their canines and that the code would ensure they all meet their pets’ mental needs.

She acknowledged that enforcement could be difficult and could be worked out once the laws are decided upon. In terms of defining “human contact,” she said: "It's just being with them. Dogs are so social and just having that moment of being in the same room is meeting their basic needs," she said. "Dogs are extremely social creatures. They love their human."

The ACT has a strong recent track record when it comes to animal welfare. In 2019, with the Animal Welfare Legislation Amendment Bill, the territory became the first jurisdiction in the world to recognize animals as sentient beings rather than property.

As part of the bill, punishments for animal cruelty were made more severe, while new offenses such as hitting or kicking an animal, abandonment, or confinement in a car likely to cause injury, stress or death were added. A person is also legally allowed to break into a car to protect an animal providing there are no other feasible options, like calling the police.

The new proposed legislation, however, goes one step further. If you’re a resident, you can have your say and tell the government what you think here.

Read next: How long can you leave a dog alone? or Australian dog breeds

Some of the signs of aggression in dogs are simple to spot, while others are more nuanced, especially when it’s not your own pup. Without speech, dogs use their body language to communicate, and it’s up to us to interpret the signals correctly. What might look like a wag might in fact be a red flag. Is that dog smiling or snarling?

Aggression in dogs isn’t always due to anger. What might look like a harmless grumble could actually be your dog trying to communicate discomfort, fear, or stress. Left unchecked, these signals can escalate into something more serious. Recognizing the subtle cues early on can make all the difference in keeping everyone safe and your dog feeling secure.

With the help of vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, we’ll walk you through some of the most common signs of aggression from obvious signals to the ones that might go unnoticed. With veterinary input, here’s our guide to what your dog—or others crossing your path—might be trying to tell you.

Signs of aggression in dogs

1. Excessive yawning or lip-licking

Licking and yawning are preliminary, passive signs of canine aggression, according to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. But they are a signal that you should heed.

“When a dog is first feeling uncomfortable, they may show some subtle signs indicating they’re stressed,” she says. “Excessive yawning, lip licking, leaning away, or showing the whites of their eyes (‘whale eye’) are all clues that should be taken seriously.”

2. Hair standing on end

We can describe humans as having raised hackles when we get stressed or annoyed, but the term really applies to dogs and other animals. It doesn’t only signal aggression, but can be shown in dogs feeling fearful.

“When feeling threatened, a dog may raise its hackles, the hairs around the scruff of the neck,” says Dr MacMillan. “The technical term for this is ‘piloerection,’ and it can help your dog look bigger and more intimidating.”

3. A hard, unblinking stare

In canine speak, staring tends to be a precursor to a fight. Not to be confused with the soft, doe-eyed, beseeching look that many dogs can give, this is a hard-eye, “Don’t mess with me” glare that behaviorists associate with aggression. It’s like the dog is saying, “Come any closer, and there will be consequences”.

The dog may be guarding a resource or a territory, and you’d be wise to change your behavior or movement patterns rather than challenge the dog to a staring competition so that you’re not perceived as a direct threat.

4. Tense body language

A dog that is tense or rigid is giving off signals that he is not comfortable with the situation. An aggressive dog will generally stand stiff-legged, tail up, ears pinned tightly, and leaning forward while staring intensely. Compare this to a calm, submissive dog, whose body language is the polar opposite.

5. A raised or slightly wagging tail

We are conditioned to understand that a wagging tail is a sign of a friendly, happy dog, but there are happy wags – and more serious wags, and it’s important to be able to read the difference.

Dr MacMillan explains: “A tail that is tense, stiff, straight, or raised above the dog’s back could indicate aggression.

“They may be wagging the tip of it as a threat gesture. A happy dog will have a loose, wagging tail that is freely moving from side to side.”

6. Ears pinned back

While a dog with its ears softly back is generally submissive, “a scared or aggressive dog will usually have tight facial features with pinned-back ears,” says Dr MacMillan.

It indicates tension and may signal aggression.

“This is a clear sign that they are not happy about something, and you should look at their immediate surroundings to see what is upsetting them.”

7. Growling

Growling is a normal way for dogs to communicate, although it can sound intimidating. Some growl when they play, but it can also indicate that they are trying to defend something or someone.

Not all growling is problematic, and even as low-level aggression, it is more of a warning sign than outright defence, but you need to understand what the dog is trying to communicate rather than exacerbating the situation before it escalates.

8. Baring teeth

There are many levels of a dog baring its teeth. Some appear almost to grin, as a sign of affection or expressing pleasure, some show their gnashers when they play. However, like growling, it’s also a way for the dog to emphasize that he has teeth, and he could use them if he feels it’s necessary.

Read the signals to decipher what he is communicating—if the “smile” is more of a grimace and accompanied by other signs of aggression, he’s feeling the need to assert threatening body language.

9. Barking

It is entirely normal for dogs to bark (although there are some quieter dog breeds), and it can mean several things.

For many, it’s a habit reinforced by human behavior. They bark, they get our attention. For others, it’s their natural form of communication when they want to alert the pack (or human family) that there’s a visitor or intruder. Many also bark when they play or in excitement.

However, if barking is accompanied by other aggressive tendencies, such as growling, baring teeth, and lunging at the leash, they are trying to intimidate.

10. Lunging

Lunging is not simply pulling on the leash, but is a more attacking movement designed to intimidate.

Dr MacMillan explains: “Lunging can be a sudden threatening movement that is often accompanied by barking, teeth-baring, and snapping in aggressive dogs.

“We also see it in excited dogs pulling on the lead and those who are poorly socialized, wanting to chase something like a bike or a squirrel.”

11. Snapping

Like one human snapping at another verbally, this is a sign of frustration and anger. Dogs may snap if they feel afraid or anxious, but also threatened and wanting to assert authority. They may snap at other dogs, pets, or people. A step down from a full bite, snapping is a warning sign that aggression is escalating.

12. Biting

“Biting is the ultimate sign of aggression,” says Dr. MacMillan. “This is often used when all the other signs have been ignored.

“Different dogs will escalate to a bite at different rates than others, depending on their temperament, breed, and previous negative experiences.”

However, even with something as ostentatiously aggressive as biting, there are examples of when it is not a threatening action. Puppies tend to explore the world with their mouths and often bite when they are teething. It’s important to nip this habit in the bud—it may be helpful to read up on tips on how to stop a puppy biting.

Read next: 10 signs a dog is happy and how to help an anxious dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver

English Setters were developed in England in the 1800s, initially bred as hunting dogs to locate game, whereupon they would “set” – crouch low and freeze. These friendly dogs can come in a range of colours, and their unique speckled markings are referred to as “belton”.

They are a large yet elegant breed, with a graceful neck, proud head and soft expression. English Setters have a strong hunting instinct with plenty of stamina, but they are quite happy to make themselves comfy in a home environment provided that all their needs – physical and mental – are met. They love working their minds, so puzzle games or toys and training exercises are a great way to keep them happy.

English Setters have an affectionate, gentle nature and they love being around their owners. They can be great family dogs provided they have the correct training and socialization from a young age, as they get on well with children and other dogs.

However, they can have a penchant for digging, jumping and roaming, so it’s important to be in the know about the breed before committing to a puppy. Read on to find out more, with expert advice from Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Are English Setters good family dogs?

English Setters make great family dogs, getting on well with people and other dogs. However, their energetic nature means they can be boisterous in play, so they are perhaps better suited to those with older children.

Dr MacMillan adds: “English Setters are affectionate, sociable and playful, which are all great qualities for a family pet. They will usually get on well with children provided they have had the right early socialization and training.”

Ensuring they have plenty of outlets for their energy – such as frequent walks, training sessions and plenty of playtime – will help prevent boredom and destructive tendencies in the home.

Do English Setters shed?

English Setters have long, silky coats, and they are considered moderate shedders. However, regular grooming – as explained below – will help to keep this shedding under control.

What grooming needs to English Setters have?

These dogs are famous for their striking coats, so keeping them in tip-top condition is a must.

“English Setters will need brushing two or three times a week to keep their coat looking good,” agrees Dr MacMillan, adding, “American English Setters have a lot more fur compared to the finer coat of working English Setters, so these dogs can require a bit more work. Some owners may have their English Setters trimmed or clipped to keep things neat.”

A long-toothed metal comb is a useful tool for working through any tangles that might have developed between grooming sessions. Tangles can quickly develop into mats, which are uncomfortable for dogs and can rapidly become painful, leading to skin problems.

As with all dogs, daily teethbrushing is advised, as well as monthly nail trimming.

Are English Setters high energy?

Thanks to their heritage as working dogs, English Setters have plenty of energy to keep going all day long. This means that they need regular daily exercise to keep them happy and healthy. Dr MacMillan advises “up to two hours of exercise each day, depending on their age and health status”.

And while English Setters will relish long walks or hikes, or tagging along for a jog or a bike ride, these intelligent dogs require plenty of mental stimulation as well as physical. This could be in the form of training sessions, puzzle toys and playtime – or even agility or obedience training.

As long as their energy needs are met, English Setters will happily settle down when at home and try their hardest to be lapdogs – they are very affectionate with their owners.

Do English Setters bark a lot?

“English Setters are not more vocal than any other dog breed, but they will bark if they are under-stimulated, overly excited or wary about something,” says Dr MacMillan. “Making sure your dog is appropriately socialized and receiving enough exercise will help keep unwanted barking at bay.”

They may well bark at strangers coming to your door, but they are certainly not known as aggressive dogs, with a reputation for being friendly and sociable.

English Setter common health problems

Hip and elbow dysplasia, as with many pedigree dogs, can be common in this breed.

Dr MacMillan explains: “These developmental joint abnormalities can cause joint pain, mobility issues and early-onset arthritis. It is important to buy your English Setter puppy from a reputable breeder who has health-screened their dogs for these conditions.”

As well as hip and elbow screening, Dr MacMillan recommends breeding dogs be screened for inherited eye issues, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), another common finding in English Setters.

Another health problem to look out for is hypothyroidism.

“Affected dogs produce too little thyroid hormone, leading to weight gain and lethargy, as well as skin and coat changes,” says Dr MacMillan.

Skin allergies can also cause an issue in this breed, which can lead to itchiness and secondary skin infections.

“Some English Setters can be affected by ectropion, or droopy eyelids,” adds Dr MacMillan. “These sag away from the eyeball, contributing to dry eyes and eye infections.”

Should I buy an English Setter?

This friendly, affectionate and good-looking breed is well-suited to an active, outdoorsy family that can match their energy needs. Provided they have ample opportunities to run and play, they make gentle family companions in the home, with their sweet-natured temperament shining through.

If you are considering an English Setter, do keep in mind that they are a working breed, so they thrive off mental stimulation as well as physical. They are intelligent dogs and benefit from regular training sessions.

Giving them a “job” – such as agility, obedience or gundog training – will keep their minds working while also giving an outlet for some of their energy.

Read next: Other setter breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you’ve got a thing for seeing pooches with pendulous ears that droop down rather than point up, allow us to introduce you to the world of floppy-eared dog breeds.

One of the best things about dogs (aside from their capacity to fill our world with unconditional love, companionship, and tons of furry cuddles) is the fact that they come in all shapes and sizes. For example, some breeds have lobes that hang way past their chin, while other dogs have beards.

You might think that longer ears equal better hearing, but this isn't always true. Instead, the size and drooping shape of a dog’s ears will help with sound localization and will often determine how good they are at scent tracking. In some cases, longer lobes can even help prevent dirt from getting inside ear canals while four-legged friends search for prey in dense areas.

To help you find out more about floppy-eared dog breeds, we’ve pulled together a handy list. Just know that if you intend on adopting a dog with longer lobes, it’s well worth knowing how to clean a dog’s ears, as their larger-than-average lugholes can make them prone to ear infections due to the warm and moist environment they create.

20 dog breeds with floppy ears

1. Beagle

Excitable yet gentle, the much-loved beagle is known for its pendulous ears, which are an important part of their hunting breed heritage as their lobes help them to gather scent particles and direct them towards their nose.

Pair this with their big eyes and sensitive nose, and this energetic British dog breed, which was originally bred as a scent hound, and it’s no wonder why beagles are believed to be one of the best tracking dogs.

2. Basset hound

Upon first glance, it can be easy to mix up a basset hound with a beagle—they’re both scent hounds and hound breeds after all.

But this laid-back beauty comes with soulful eyes, a heart of gold, and droopy face and ears that you can’t help but fall in love with. Perhaps one of the biggest differences when comparing a beagle vs basset hound is the fact that the latter comes with very long and floppy velvety ears, complete with a wrinkled brow. They also have a low-slung body with powerful, short legs. But both use their ears to help with scent tracking.

3. Dachshund

Introducing the smallest of the hound breeds! Along with their long, sausage-like body, a dachshund is instantly recognisable for their floppy, triangular ears. Of course, their ears might not be as long as a basset hound’s, but that doesn’t stop this small but big-personality pooch from using them to the best of their advantage.

In days gone by, dachshunds used their floppy ears to protect their ear canals from debris while hunting in burrows. But in more recent times, they use their ears to sweep the ground to help scoop up scents as they go.

Due to their size, these lively and playful creatures are considered to be the best dog breeds for apartments. Just know that dachshunds can have a stubborn streak, so they are best trained early.

4. Cocker spaniel

Just look at that little face! Cocker spaniels are another breed that is characterized by their adorable floppy ears, complete with bundles of fur, which shape their face.

Like most dogs on this list, their long, floppy lug holes act like funnels, trapping and directing smells towards their noses. Back in the day, this helped them retrieve game birds, which was their original purpose.

5. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Long, feathered and set low on its head, a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has naturally floppy ears, and it makes sense, because they were bred for their strong hunting instincts.

Today, this spaniel breed is a bundle of fun as they’re sociable, gentle, and playful. Plus, due to their small size, you won’t need a lot of space for them to run around.

If you are thinking of adopting this breed, one thing to note is that they will shed all year round. So their coat and ears will need regular grooming with one of the best dog brushes to keep them matt and tangle-free.

6. Golden retriever

Another floppy-eared dog to add to the list? The humble golden retriever. This breed's ears won’t stand at attention like a Corgi's. Instead, they'll hang downwards, framing their face.

Originating as hunting dogs, these large dogs have lots of love and energy to share. This means, to prevent them from becoming bored and exhibiting destructive behaviours, they’ll need at least two hours of exercise a day.

The good news is that these floppy-eared dogs can be trained reasonably easily. So, as long as you have a whole load of patience and bags full of the best dog treats, these obedient fur friends will be loyal and loving.

7. Poodle

No matter whether you have your heart set on a toy poodle, miniature poodle, or just love poodles in general, you’ll be pleased to know that all different types come with their signature curly-coated floppy ears.

These beautiful and regal-looking dogs are very low-shedding dogs, which means that you won’t have to follow them around your home with your vacuum. However, you will need to set aside some time to groom them to stop their coat (and ears) from getting matted and tangled.

8. Shih tzu

If you looked up the phrase ‘pampered pooch’ in the dictionary, you’d probably find a shih tzu underneath. With their long fur—which coats their floppy ears—these small four-legged friends always look like they’ve just come out of the groomers.

And that’s because they probably have. This high-maintenance dog breed requires a bath almost every week, along with daily brushing and a trip to the groomers every six weeks or so to keep their coat and lobes looking fabulously flowing and mat-free.

9. Maltese

Under all that glorious, free-flowing white fur lies a perfect pair of floppy ears that’s just waiting to be brushed and groomed to keep them (and the rest of their coat) in perfect pristine condition.

The Maltese is undoubtedly one of the cutest dog breeds, and along with its bright white coat, it’s characterized by their drooping, feathered ears.

10. Havanese

Even when alert, a Havanese dog’s ears will remain floppy, right by their side. Considered to be a toy dog, this small breed doesn’t shed much, so you won’t constantly be picking up after them or finding hairs all over your home.

Instead, if you are thinking of adopting a Havanese, you’ll inherit a gentle soul that’s known for being one of the friendliest dog breeds. What’s not to love?

11. Bluetick coonhound

A bluetick coonhound is a scent hound that’s known for its powerful nose, mottled, glossy coat of blue and black, and unique howls while out on a hunt.

The very friendly breed is also characterised by its floppy ears, which hang way down past its chin to enhance their scent tracking ability to detect and follow scents more effectively.

Coming with a soulful expression, blueticks are relentless in their pursuit of a scent. But they’re also relentless in their love for affection. Therefore, this sweet and affectionate dog will love nothing more than spending time with its pet parents.

12. Great Dane

Great Danes have naturally floppy ears, but you might have spotted some with cropped ears. The difference in ear appearance is a combination of genetic factors and, unfortunately, breeding practices.

These gentle giants might be tall in stature, but they sure are one laid-back dog breed, as this calm and placid pooch is an affectionate breed that adores people, big and small. This makes them the perfect companion for family life.

13. Labrador Retriever

There are many reasons to love labradors—and their fluffy, floppy ears are just one of them.

Looks aside, Labrador Retrievers make great search and rescue dogs as they have an outstanding sense of smell and are incredibly cool, calm, and collected when in an emergency. This much-loved retrieving breed has bundles of energy, and they get on just as well with kids as they do with adults.

14. German Shepherd

Did you know that all German Shepherds are born with floppy ears, which tend to gradually stand up with age? The breed standard is for German Shepherds to have erect ears that stand up tall. However, some have dropped lug holes due to one or both parents having floppy ears.

Ears aside, German Shepherds have a brilliant sense of smell, and because of this, they like to sniff just about everything. Due to their impeccable olfactory sense, they are often used as search and rescue dogs or for bomb and drug detection.

15. Boxer

Much like the Great Dane, you might have noticed that some boxers have floppy ears while some have cropped ears. The latter is because their ears have been cropped—a method which the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) stands against, as it’s done solely for cosmetic reasons rather than health benefits.

Some more facts about boxers include their highly energetic nature and their willingness to learn new skills (which makes them easy to train). Though their strong bodies and serious faces might look a little intimidating, they actually love spending time with people and are happiest when they are surrounded by their human family.

16. Afghan Hound

If you plan on adopting an Afghan Hound, their impressively long and silky coat, complete with floppy ears, will mean you will spend a lot of time brushing them daily to keep them looking their best.

While their need for speed (they can run at up to 40mph) will also have you spending a lot more time outside than in. That's because these sighthounds were bred to run fast over long distances, and they are believed to be one of the fastest dog breeds in the world. Pretty impressive, huh?

17. Irish Setters

Coming with floppy ears, primarily due to their background in hunting and scent tracking, this pointing breed makes for one of the best family dogs, as it gets on well with children and other dogs.

Its lovable and playful personality, coupled with its glamorous looks, including its long and drooped ears, has helped maintain this breed’s popularity.

Just know, an Irish Setter will need plenty of exercise to meet their needs, and they respond well to training thanks to their intelligent nature.

18. Papillion

Stealing the title of being one of the cutest dog breeds around the world (and it's quite clear to see why!) and considered one of the smartest dog breeds, a papillon also has one more title to add to its list: and that’s being a dog that comes with floppy ears.

While the breed is most often known for its butterfly-like ears, which stand upright, there is also the papillon variety called a phalène, which has drooped ears.

19. English Springer Spaniel

Just like it’s cousin the cocker spaniel, an English Springer Spaniel has floppy ears coated in glorious fur, which help them in hunting and tracking.

Springers are larger and more muscular in size, compared to their cocker spaniel counterparts. They also have higher energy levels, so they fit right in in busy family homes or for those who lead an active lifestyle.

20. Bloodhound

Known as the ‘king of tracking dogs’, the humble bloodhound is said to have 230 million scent receptors as opposed to humans, who have five million. But it’s not just their noses that make them one of the best dogs for tracking. Their large and droopy ears are specifically crafted to act as scent-sweepers, which helps direct scent particles towards their nose.

It is worth noting, though, that due to their having large ears, this can cause moisture and warmth to become trapped in their ear canal, which can lead to ear infections. So it’s something to watch out for.

Read next: Hairless dog breeds

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

As a vet with nearly 14 years of experience treating dogs of all shapes and sizes, I’ve diagnosed and managed many cases of hypothyroidism in dogs. This hormonal condition is surprisingly common in our canine companions and, if left untreated, can significantly impact their quality of life. Thankfully, with the right diagnosis and treatment plan, most dogs go on to live happy, healthy lives.

Hypothyroidism in dogs can be tricky to spot at first. The signs are often subtle and can mimic other issues, making it a bit of a diagnostic puzzle. Owners often come to me saying their dog seems "just not quite right" – maybe they've slowed down, put on weight, or their coat has lost its usual shine.

In this article, I’ll explain exactly what hypothyroidism in dogs is, what causes it, how to spot the signs, and what treatment options are available. Whether you’re worried about your own dog or simply keen to learn more, read on to find out more.

What is hypothyroidism in dogs?

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland, located in the neck, doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones – primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating your dog’s metabolism, which is essentially how their body uses energy.

When the thyroid doesn’t produce enough of these hormones, the body’s metabolic processes slow down. This affects almost every system in the body, from how your dog digests food and maintains body temperature, to how their skin and coat renew.

In dogs, hypothyroidism is almost always caused by a problem within the thyroid gland itself (known as primary hypothyroidism). It’s most commonly seen in middle-aged, medium-sized to large breed dogs, with breeds like the golden retriever, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher and cocker spaniel being more predisposed.

What are the signs of hypothyroidism in dogs?

The clinical signs of hypothyroidism in dogs can be varied and subtle at first. They tend to develop gradually, which can make it tricky for owners to spot what’s going on. You might notice one or two of the following signs initially, and more may appear over time:

• Lethargy or reduced activity levels: Dogs may seem more tired, sleep more, or be reluctant to go for walks.
• Weight gain without increased appetite: Despite eating the same (or less), your dog may gain weight.
• Hair loss: Typically symmetrical and affecting the sides of the body, tail, and back of the thighs.
• Dry, dull coat and flaky skin: You may notice dandruff or coarse, brittle fur.
• Cold intolerance: Your dog may seek out warm spots or shiver more easily.
• Slow heart rate (bradycardia): This is something a vet may pick up during a physical exam.
• Recurring skin or ear infections: Often due to poor skin health or secondary infections.
• Neurological signs: In rare cases, dogs may develop weakness, head tilt, or facial nerve paralysis.

It’s worth remembering that these signs can also be seen with other health issues, especially skin conditions, so your vet will likely recommend blood tests to confirm a diagnosis. Some owners report behavioral changes too, such as increased anxiety.

What causes hypothyroidism in dogs?

As mentioned earlier, primary hypothyroidism is the most common form in dogs – this means the problem originates in the thyroid gland itself. The two main causes of primary hypothyroidism are:

1. Lymphocytic thyroiditis

This is an autoimmune condition where the dog’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Over time, this leads to inflammation and destruction of thyroid tissue, reducing hormone production. It’s believed to be inherited in some breeds.

2. Idiopathic thyroid atrophy

In this form, the normal thyroid tissue is gradually replaced with fatty tissue, for reasons we don’t fully understand. Like lymphocytic thyroiditis, this results in a reduction of hormone production over time.

Less commonly, dogs can have secondary hypothyroidism, where the pituitary gland (which controls the thyroid) fails to produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This is rare and usually associated with brain trauma, tumors, or congenital defects.

It’s important to note that hypothyroidism in dogs is not the same as in people – in dogs, dietary iodine deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are extremely rare.

What is the best treatment for hypothyroidism in dogs?

The good news is that hypothyroidism in dogs is very manageable with the right treatment. Once diagnosed, your dog will usually need lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Here’s how we treat it:

• Levothyroxine supplementation: This is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It’s given by mouth, usually twice daily to begin with, although some dogs can eventually switch to once daily dosing. The exact dose is calculated based on your dog’s weight and individual response.
• Regular monitoring and blood tests: Your vet will need to check your dog’s thyroid hormone levels periodically, especially in the early stages, to ensure the medication is working effectively and to adjust the dose if necessary. It usually takes a few weeks to start seeing visible improvement in your dog’s energy levels and coat quality.
• Supportive care: Dogs with skin issues, infections, or weight problems may need additional supportive treatments like medicated shampoos, antibiotics, or dietary management until their hormone levels are back to normal.

With proper treatment, most dogs return to their normal selves – more energetic, healthier-looking and happier. However, it’s vital to stick to the treatment plan and not stop medication without veterinary advice.

How long can a dog live with hypothyroidism?

With a correct diagnosis and consistent treatment, dogs with hypothyroidism can live a completely normal lifespan. Once stabilized on the right dose of thyroid hormone, they can enjoy all the things they did before – whether that’s long countryside walks, playing fetch, or curling up on the sofa with you.

The key to long-term success is ongoing monitoring. Regular vet check-ups and blood tests (every six to 12 months in most cases) are essential to ensure hormone levels stay within the optimal range. If symptoms return or worsen, the dosage may need adjusting.

It’s also worth being mindful of other age-related conditions that may develop alongside hypothyroidism. Because many of the symptoms (such as lethargy or weight gain) can overlap with other diseases, it’s always a good idea to speak to your vet if you notice any changes in your dog’s health.

Hypothyroidism in dogs is a common and very treatable condition. Although the symptoms can be vague at first, with early detection and the right care, your dog can live a full and happy life.

If you’re ever concerned that your dog might be slowing down or not quite themselves, don’t hesitate to book a check-up – it’s always better to investigate sooner rather than later.

Read next: Arthritis in dogs or signs of dementia in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Training a reactive dog can be hard work, but having the right tools (and a bag of the best dog treats) can make the experience a whole lot easier.

Reactive dogs overreact to certain stimuli in their environment – whether it’s barking at vehicles, lunging at other dogs, or growling at groups of people. These responses might seem like the dog is simply aggressive, but they’re usually linked to anxiety and caused by fear, a lack of socialization or training, insecurity, or trauma.

If you're just getting started on your reactivity training journey (or have struggled to make much progress), you'll find a list of training essentials below, which come recommended by Rachel Rodgers, Head of Training and Behavior at Napo Pet Insurance.

What products can assist with reactivity training?

Here’s everything you need to make reactivity training easier – from specialized training leashes to handy treat pouches – all tried and approved by Rachel.

She says: "Ultimately, successful reactivity training is about changing how your dog feels, not just how they behave. These products help support that process safely and positively."

1. Y-shaped harness with a front D-ring

First things first, you'll want to invest in the best dog harness – one that's well-fitting, Y-shaped, and has a D-ring on the front. According to Rachel, these styles offer full shoulder movement and help reduce the risk of injury.

She adds: "The key feature is the front D-ring, which can be used with a double-ended leash for greater control, especially when needing to gently guide your dog away from a trigger.”

2. Double-ended leash

There are lots of benefits to using a double-ended leash – it gives you extra control, makes it easier to redirect your dog's movement, and lets you adjust the length or attach it to two points on the harness.

Rachel says, "The front attachment acts as a pivot point, making it easier to turn your dog away from distractions or triggers if needed.”

Note: Some double-ended leashes come with a head collar, but this isn't something Rachel recommends.

3. High-value training treats

To build positive associations with their trigger, reward your dog with a high-value treat whenever they come across it – regardless of how they react. Rachel says that food can be really helpful in reactivity training, and this process will help change their emotional response over time.

She says: "These treats should be used consistently whenever your dog sees another dog or a known trigger – even if they’re just looking. Over time, this builds a positive conditioned emotional response, helping your dog feel safer and more relaxed. Think hot dog, chicken, and cheese! Reactivity training isn't the place for boring kibble.”

4. High-quality treat pouch

When it comes to building positive associations, you need to act quickly so your dog can connect the reward with the trigger. That's where a treat pouch comes in handy – it lets you access treats faster than fumbling around in your bag or pockets.

She says: "A good treat pouch allows you to quickly and easily access high-value treats (such as chicken, cheese, or hot dogs) with one hand. Look for one with a waterproof, washable lining – moist treats are often messy!"

5. Poo bags

This might seem irrelevant to reactivity training, but Rachel says that having reliable poo bags is essential, as many reactive dogs have looser stools caused by stress. There's nothing worse than running out of poo bags – or having them split – so make sure you have plenty of durable ones to hand.

Training tools to avoid

Now you know what can help, what about the things to avoid? Rachel warns against using any equipment that could tighten or cause discomfort to your dog, including head halters or figure-of-eight leashes.

She says: "These can worsen reactivity by adding negative associations to the presence of triggers – for example, another dog appears and the equipment tightens, which leads to increased fear or frustration."

Want more training tips? Read these three common mistakes you should never make with a reactive dog, and how to calm a reactive dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

The average length of time a dog spends in a shelter is said to be a few months, though this can vary a lot depending on factors like temperament, age, and breed.

One dog in UK, however, has been making headlines because he’s been at a shelter for three years but has only been visited once. While he’s no doubt getting plenty of the best dog treats from staff and volunteers, they’ve been raising awareness to help him find his forever home.

Flash, a nine-year-old Lurcher, found himself at Dogs Trust Darlington in the north of England in July 2022. Since then, he has become one of the longest residents at the site, which can care for around 100 dogs altogether.

The staff even held an open day for Flash, inviting the public to come and meet him, but nobody turned up, something rehoming center manager Nikki Holroyd described as “heartbreaking”.

"He still had a good day out of his kennel socializing with the staff, so a good day for him but a little unfortunate and sad for us,” she said, via BBC News.

She explained that the staff were confused as to why there’s been no interest in Flash – while some animals in shelters can have more complex needs and requirements, he’s “no trouble” and gets on well with people.

“Put a blanket on the floor, he'll snooze on it, chew his toy, and what he's allowed to chew, and he's just a loveable and fun dog to be around,” she added.

Dogs Trust has thrown Flash a pet’s birthday party to mark his third year there in a bid to cheer him up, but as Holroyd put it: "We obviously try and make it the best time in our care with us, but obviously we want him in a home.”

The charity has posted about Flash on social media to help raise awareness further, too. In a Facebook post, it said: “Flash is an affectionate and playful boy who loves going out on walking adventures as well as curling up on the sofa. The staff at Dogs Trust Darlington adore him and can't believe he's still in our care.”

His adoption page adds: “Flash has a playful personality that will always leave a smile on your face. He would love to find a secure garden to call his own, where he can zoom around with toys or have a snooze in the sun. Flash enjoys a fuss from his carers and is always excited to greet you.”

Read next: 8 things you need to know before getting a rescue dog

As a former dog mom, I know how ridiculously expensive the best dog food can get. So when I jumped on Amazon to check out the latest Prime Day deals, I couldn't believe how cheap the prices had dropped!

And I’m not talking about low-end kibble either – we’re talking double-digit discounts on premium brands like ZIWI, Blue Buffalo, and Merrick, all packed with high-quality ingredients.

To save you time and money, I’ve rounded up six of the best deals I’ve spotted on Amazon and Chewy. You can rest easy knowing these are all top-notch options, because I’ve checked the ingredients of every single one to make sure it’s good enough for your dog to eat.

For even more savings on your order, check out these Chewy coupons, selected by our team.

Best Amazon Prime Day dog deals

For more of our recommendations, check out our top picks of the best wet dog food, best dry food, and best puppy food.

How long do Prime Day deals last?

Amazon Prime Day 2025 is running for four days, from July 8–11. The sale might be longer than usual, but the deals aren't guaranteed to stick around the whole time – and there's no promise they'll come back.

Want more dog discounts? Amazon shoppers are raving about this $20 dog cooling mat and this pet camera is the lowest price I've ever seen. You might also want to learn how PetsRadar finds the best deals

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

It’s inevitable that dogs, like humans, will get older. It’s only natural that they’ll slow down somewhat, and might not be as physically and mentally sharp as they used to be.

While this is something we can prepare for by making sure we buy the best dog food and keeping our dogs active, some dogs develop cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). This is also known as ‘doggy dementia’ due to its similarities to dementia in humans.

Signs of dementia in dogs

Dr Charlotte Rice, in-house vet at pet supplement brand YuMOVE, has shared some of the key signs to look out for. It might not be nice to think about, but it’s important to be aware so you can help and advocate for your dog.

1. Seems lost or confused in familiar settings
If your dog appears disoriented in settings that should be familiar, it could be a sign of dementia rather than just normal aging in dogs – the changes in memory and perception it causes could mean that your dog becomes more confused.

“Confusion can be stressful for these pets, so it’s important to offer reassurance and help them feel safe when they seem unsettled,” adds Dr. Rice.

2. Becomes more snappy
If your dog seems to behave differently, perhaps being more snappy or agitated, it might be down to dog dementia. Alternatively, your dog might be less interested in things.

“You can help by watching your dog’s body language during interactions, so you can support them during situations they might struggle in,” says Dr. Rice.

3. Appears more anxious
“If your normally cuddly dog starts avoiding hugs or is pacing around nervously, they might be feeling anxious,” explains Dr Rice.

“Dogs with 'dementia' can be more sensitive to different sights and sounds, which can make them feel stressed. Creating a calm, soothing environment at home will help them relax. For some dogs, keeping up a usual routine can help them feel more safe.”

4. Seems to have memory loss
Is your dog struggling to remember learned behaviors, like familiar tricks or routines? This could be a sign of CDS. Going to the bathroom on the floor is quite common in dogs who have the condition, because they forget that they shouldn’t. If your dog is doing so, it’s best to speak to your vet.

5. Sleeps more often
If your dog starts sleeping more or has changes in their sleep pattern, they could have CDS.

“They may sleep during the day but pace restlessly or sometimes even vocalize at night, disrupting their usual cycle,” adds Dr. Rice.

6. Seems to have changes in their activity patterns
“Dogs with CDS will often behave differently in general,” explains Dr Rice. “They may be more prone to pacing or wandering, rather than resting. Some dogs may stand and stare, seemingly aimlessly. They sometimes will be less interested in activities they used to enjoy, such as playing with toys or the general environment.”

Sadly, there’s no cure for CDS or doggy dementia. However, you can work with your vet to maximize your dog’s quality of life for as long as possible and keep them happy and healthy. Above all, if you have any concerns, it’s best to speak to your vet as soon as possible.

Read next: Tips for taking care of senior dogs

A heatwave is right around the corner, and if you don't have one of the best cooling mats for dogs, you need to jump on Amazon right now – I've just spotted a fantastic discount on this K&H Pet Cooling Bed, which is on sale for less than $23. If I had a dog, I'd be taking advantage of this 63% saving today,

So how does this cooling pad work exactly? You won’t need any electricity or wires to get started – simply fill it with water, close the valve, and your dog will have a cool new spot to chill out on.

Unlike other cooling mats, it contains no toxic gels and is BPA-free, so you won’t have to worry about leaks or chewing. The exterior is made from tough, durable nylon and vinyl that’s built to last.

The bed comes in three different sizes: small (24x17"), medium (32x22"), and large (44x32"), so you'll be able to find a comfortable fit for your dog.

Temperatures are set to soar this week, so your pet will thank you for having one of these on standby – plus, it's something you can bring out year after year.

If your dog is prone to getting hot and bothered in the heat, I've rounded up some other brilliant deals below that are sure to keep them cool:

Want to find the best Amazon Prime Day 2025 deals? Frontline's flea treatment just crashed to $27. Or, read our top tips for keeping your dog cool in the summer and how PetsRadar finds the best deals

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

Pneumonia in dogs is a condition that is commonly encountered in general practice, particularly in very young, elderly, or immunocompromised patients. It’s always a concern, but the good news is that with early detection and appropriate treatment, most dogs go on to make a full recovery.

I have been a veterinary surgeon for nearly 14 years. During this time, I’ve treated many dogs with respiratory issues, and pneumonia is one of the more serious conditions dogs can suffer. That said, it can be one of the most rewarding to treat, as dogs often respond quickly to care once the underlying cause is addressed.

In this article, I’ll take you through what pneumonia is, how to spot the signs early, and what treatment and recovery look like, so you’ll know exactly what to do if your dog is affected.

What is pneumonia in dogs?

Pneumonia in dogs is an inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, where the tiny air sacs (alveoli) become filled with fluid, pus, or other debris. This impairs your dog’s ability to breathe and get enough oxygen into their bloodstream.

There are several different types of pneumonia, but one of the most common is bacterial pneumonia, often caused by a respiratory infection or something being inhaled into the lungs (known as aspiration pneumonia). Other causes include viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, and parasitic infections, although these are far less common in the UK.

The inflammation and fluid build-up in the lungs make breathing difficult and can lead to significant respiratory distress if not addressed promptly.

What are the four stages of pneumonia in dogs?

The progression of pneumonia can vary between individuals, but it typically follows four general stages:

• Congestion stage: This is the early stage, where blood vessels in the lungs become congested and fluid starts to accumulate. Dogs may start showing mild symptoms such as lethargy, reduced appetite, and a soft cough.
• Red hepatization stage: In this phase, the lungs take on a firmer texture as red blood cells leak into the alveoli. Owners usually see more obvious respiratory symptoms like a deeper cough, increased breathing effort, and a fever.
• Grey hepatization stage: This is the peak of the illness. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils, flood the lungs, and oxygen exchange is severely impaired. Dogs are often very unwell at this stage and may require hospitalization.
• Resolution stage: If treatment is effective, inflammation begins to subside, and the body gradually clears the infection and debris from the lungs. Recovery begins here, although a cough may persist for a little while afterwards.

How would I know if my dog has pneumonia?

Signs of pneumonia can vary from subtle to severe, but some of the most common symptoms include:

• Coughing: This can range from a soft, moist cough to a harsh, hacking one. It’s often persistent and may worsen with exercise or excitement.
• Lethargy: Dogs with pneumonia are often quieter than usual and may seem reluctant to move or exercise.
• Fever: A high temperature is common, especially in bacterial pneumonia. You might notice your dog feeling warmer than usual, particularly around the ears or belly.
• Increased respiratory rate or effort: You may see your dog panting or breathing more rapidly, or using their abdominal muscles to help breathe (called “abdominal effort”). Their nostrils may flare, and they may stretch their neck out to make breathing easier.
• Nasal discharge: A thick, cloudy discharge from one or both nostrils may be present, especially in bacterial or viral infections.
• Loss of appetite and weight loss: Many dogs with pneumonia lose interest in food and may start to lose weight, particularly if the condition has been going on for a while.
• Bluish gums (cyanosis): In severe cases, low oxygen levels may cause the gums and tongue to turn blue – this is an emergency and needs immediate veterinary care.

If your dog is showing any of these signs, especially in combination, it’s important to seek veterinary attention straight away.

Can dogs recover from pneumonia?

Yes – most dogs can recover from pneumonia, especially if it’s caught early and treated appropriately. The prognosis depends on several factors, including the cause of the pneumonia, the overall health of the dog, and how quickly treatment is started.

With prompt treatment, the survival rate for bacterial pneumonia in dogs is estimated to be around 70–90%, especially in otherwise healthy individuals. However, dogs with underlying conditions or delayed diagnosis may have a poorer prognosis.

Mild cases often recover within one to two weeks, but more severe infections may take several weeks or even longer, especially if lung damage has occurred.

Treatment options

Treatment usually includes:

• Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
• Nebulization and coupage (to loosen and expel mucus)
• Oxygen therapy (for dogs in respiratory distress)
• Anti-inflammatories (if needed, and under veterinary guidance)
• Fluid therapy (to maintain hydration)
• Hospitalization (in severe cases)

During recovery, rest is essential. Avoid strenuous exercise and monitor your dog closely for any worsening signs. Your vet may recommend follow-up chest X-rays to confirm the pneumonia has fully resolved.

How do dogs get pneumonia?

There are several potential causes of pneumonia in dogs. Understanding these can help reduce the risk:

• Aspiration pneumonia: This occurs when food, liquid, vomit or medication is accidentally inhaled into the lungs. It’s more common in dogs with conditions like laryngeal paralysis, megaesophagus, or during sedation/anesthesia.
• Infectious pneumonia: Caused by viruses (e.g. canine influenza, distemper), bacteria (e.g. Bordetella bronchiseptica), or fungi (e.g. Aspergillus). These are usually spread via airborne droplets or contact with infected dogs.
• Foreign bodies: Inhaled grass seeds or other objects can trigger inflammation and secondary infection in the lungs.
• Immune suppression: Dogs with weakened immune systems (e.g. due to chemotherapy, chronic disease, or very old/young age) are more prone to respiratory infections.
• Poor ventilation and overcrowding: Dogs housed in poorly ventilated areas, such as kennels or shelters, are at greater risk of developing respiratory infections that may progress to pneumonia.

Pneumonia in dogs can be scary, but it doesn’t have to be a worst-case scenario. With early recognition and proper veterinary care, most dogs go on to recover well. It is important that owners trust their instincts.

If something seems “off” with your dog’s breathing or behavior, it’s always better to get them checked sooner rather than later. Remember, fast action can make all the difference.

Read next: Arthritis in dogs

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in July 2025 by Emma Chandley.

When it comes to the Border Collie vs collie, both of these dogs are beloved herding breeds—they excel at sports and have lovable natures, which make them fantastic companions. However, while there are certainly lots of similarities between these two energetic dogs, there are some key differences, too.

The Border Collie is definitely the more active of the two, and they need a lot of physical and mental stimulation each day to keep them from becoming bored and destructive. Super smart and very affectionate, they do best with experienced owners who can meet their needs.

While still an athletic breed, the collie doesn't need as much exercise to keep them happy. They are incredibly fond of children, love to play, and make fantastic family pets. Sensitive souls who are deeply devoted to their humans and like to be in environments where someone is around all day to keep them company.

We know what a big decision adopting a dog is, which is why we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan to get her thoughts on these two breeds and how suitable they are for you and your lifestyle. Below, you'll find everything you need to know about these dogs, including training, exercise, grooming, and health information.

Size: Border Collie vs collie

The Border Collie is the smaller of these two breeds, with males measuring 19–22 inches and females coming in slightly shorter at 18–21 inches. They're also a lot lighter than the collie, with an average weight of between 30–55 pounds.

Male collies typically stand 24–26 inches tall, and females come in just behind that at 22–24 inches. There is a difference in weight between males and females, with the former weighing 60–75 pounds and the latter a bit lighter at around 50–65 pounds.

Appearance: Border Collie vs collie

Although they do differ in both size and weight, there isn't a lot that separates the Border Collie and collie when it comes to their actual bodily structure.

The Border Collie is the sleeker-looking of the two breeds, and because they don't have as much fur, they have more definition in their torso, haunches, and legs, which gives their athletic appearance a more refined look. Their head is wedge-shaped but moderate in length, and their ears may be pricked or partially folded.

In contrast, the collie has a much more voluminous coat and significantly more feathering than the Border Collie. They have a much more cylindrical shape, and while they also have a wedge-shaped head, it is much longer in length than that of the Border Collie.

Both the Border Collie and the collie come in different coat colors, but there's much more variety with the border collie, which can be anything from the traditional black and white to red and white, blue and white, merle, and many others. The collie, on the other hand, comes in just four colors—sable and white, tri-color, blue merle, or white.

Intelligence and trainability: Border Collie vs collie

When it comes to the smartest dog breeds, the Border Collie will win that crown every time. But that doesn't necessarily mean they're an easy breed to train!

"The Border Collie is one of the most intelligent breeds of dogs, but this does bring some challenges, especially to novice owners," Dr MacMillan says. "These dogs can lose interest during training if they are not being properly challenged. Border Collies excel at things like agility and flyball, thriving on both the physical and mental aspects."

So, how does the collie fare in comparison?

"Collies are still pretty smart, but they are usually the easiest of the two breeds to train, as they have an eager-to-please nature and are a bit more relaxed than the high-energy Border Collie," Dr MacMillan explains.

If you're wanting to train your dog on your own, it's worth noting that all breeds benefit from a patient and consistent approach with lots of positive reinforcement. But this is particularly true for the Border Collie, which can be strong-minded. Keep sessions short and fun, and put their herding instincts to good use with specific herding training.

Exercise needs: Border Collie vs collie

Regardless of whether you adopt a Border Collie or a collie, you're going to want to provide them with lots of physical and mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.

"Both dogs are working breeds, so they need a decent amount of physical exercise," Dr. MacMillan confirms. "However, the Border Collie is the more lively of the two and needs at least two hours every day, whereas collies are OK with around an hour."

The Border Collie and the collie are both athletic dogs, but they also have very bright minds, so it's important not to neglect their brains when it comes to exercise. The best dog puzzle toys will offer them both a good mental workout, and there are ways you can keep dog walks fun through parkour and scent work, which are brilliant for both body and mind.

Border Collies in particular are a very high-energy breed, and without a significant amount of exercise each day, they're prone to becoming bored and destructive. Mixing things up is key with this breed, so be sure to incorporate games of fetch, agility training, flyball, swimming, hiking, and running, as well as lots of opportunities to sniff off-leash in a secure area.

Grooming: Border Collie vs collie

When it comes to the grooming needs of the Border Collie and collie, the two breeds do differ, with the Border Collie being the more low-maintenance of the two.

"Some Border Collies have a silky coat, whereas others are a bit denser. They are all generally low maintenance, though, and will just need brushing once or twice a week, depending on how easily they tangle," Dr MacMillan says.

In terms of the collie, those with long, rough coats will need more maintenance than smooth-coated collies.

"Rough collies require brushing a few times a week and possibly daily during shedding season, while smooth collies will have more similar needs to the Border Collie," explains Dr. MacMillan.

She goes on to add that, as with all dog breeds, daily teeth brushing is also recommended and nail trims as required. If you're nervous about dealing with your pup's pearly whites, check out our vet's guide to how to brush a dog's teeth—you'll be a pro in no time!

Health considerations: Border Collie vs collie

For many of us who are pet parents, health considerations play a key role in our decision-making process when it comes to deciding on which breed of dog to welcome into our family. While we understand that our canine companions won't be with us forever, we still want to have them around for as long as possible. That's where really studying a breed's predisposition to certain health issues can come in handy.

"Both Border Collies and collies are generally healthy dogs," says Dr. MacMillan. "However, they are at increased risk of progressive retinal atrophy and collie eye anomaly, both of which can cause blindness in affected animals. Epilepsy seems more common in border collies than collies, with some dogs relying on multiple medications to keep their seizures under control.

“In my experience, collies are more prone to urinary incontinence. This is especially common in older, overweight, elderly females. I have seen this cause hygiene issues, with their thick, rough coat very easily becoming saturated with urine.

“Hip dysplasia can affect both breeds, along with many other pedigree dogs. This hereditary problem causes a developmental abnormality in one or both hip joints. This leads to joint pain, mobility issues, and early-onset arthritis. Buying your collie or Border Collie from a reputable breeder who carries out all the recommended health screening in their dogs is essential."

Owner suitability: Border Collie vs collie

Thinking of getting a puppy or adopting an adult dog? If so, it's worth giving some thought to your home environment and lifestyle to be sure the breed you choose is the best fit for you. Here's what Dr MacMillan has to say about these breeds.

"The collie is much more suited to family life than the Border Collie as they are more laid-back and less demanding than the highly energetic Border Collie. They are good companion dogs, with only moderate exercise needs, so they can be quite adaptable.

“Border Collies need experienced owners who can put plenty of time into stimulating their dogs. If you are looking for a dog to take to agility or compete with, then the border collie is definitely the right choice for you. Sadly, many Border Collies end up with behavioral issues as they are adopted by people who just can’t meet their needs sufficiently."

Before you decide on a breed, make sure you have the time and energy to devote to them and that you're aware of how to meet their unique needs to ensure they thrive in your care.

Read next: Facts about Border Collies

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver

Stocky and muscular, the American Staffordshire Terrier has an imposing appearance. They are a controversial and are banned breed in some countries and states. But while you may think that makes them unworthy of a guide, there are still many places where you can bring one into your home. And, as always, the question is whether they will be be a good fit for you?

The breed certainly has many positive qualities. They’re loving and affectionate and they form close bonds with children. But they do need to be handled with care and they also need to be kept busy. To help explain the ins and outs of owning an American Staffordshire Terrier, we’ve enlisted the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.

Do American Staffordshire Terriers need a lot of exercise?

American Staffordshire Terriers are very athletic dogs and you need to ensure they get plenty of physical stimulation every day.

“This energetic, muscular breed needs one to two hours of exercise daily, depending on their health and age,” Dr MacMillan says. But bear in mind that the type of exercise is important.

Ideally, it needs to be as vigorous as you can make it so engage in fun games to play with dogs, such as of tug-of-war (which is great for strengthening your bond with a dog) – anything to burn off that excess energy. You should also, of course, go on lengthy walks or runs and maybe some of the best dog puzzle toys.

Since they love to be around people, however, you shouldn’t just leave them alone to run around the yard. Try to accompany them as best you can and, if you do allow them off leash, only do so in secure fenced yard or dog park since this breed has strong reactive instincts.

Are American Staffordshire Terriers easy to train?

You’ll find American Staffordshire Terriers are people pleasers and that is sure to make your life a little easier. But one thing’s for sure, you need to train this breed well.

“They are intelligent dogs and should be relatively straightforward to train provided you maintain a positive and consistent approach from an early age,” Dr MacMillan says.

Indeed, early socialization is a must so that they cope well around strangers and animals and adapt well in unfamiliar surroundings. You will, however, need to overcome this breed’s stubborn streak and you may find it difficult to prevent them from chewing and digging. Training will, therefore, entail understanding the breed and a good amount of patience.

“Plenty of mental stimulation is needed to keep them busy, which will also help to stop behavioral issues from developing,” Dr MacMillan says.

Are American Staffordshire Terriers aggressive?

A poorly trained American Staffordshire Terrier is likely to be a problem.

“AmStaffs are not inherently aggressive but like most dogs, they could show these tendencies if they haven’t been properly socialized,” Dr MacMillan says.

Likewise, dogs that are bored or not exercised enough will also be a problem.

“They are much more likely to develop issues like aggression, destructive behavior, and excessive vocalization,” she adds.

It’s why American Staffordshire Terriers are banned or restricted in some countries. In the US, for example, you will find complete or partial bans on Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

“American Staffordshire Terriers are a pitbull-type breed sharing many similar features and, as such, there is a stigma attached to them,” Dr MacMillan says. “In countries where they are not yet banned, the pitbull probably is so there is still a risk of mistaken identity if you choose to own this breed.”

In the UK, American Staffordshire Terriers are included in the pitbull terrier category under the Dangerous Dogs Act of 1991, making it illegal to own, breed, sell, exchange, advertise or give away this breed.

Do American Staffordshire Terriers make good family pets?

Given the answer above, you may well think you should steer well clear of this breed and yet it’s not as simple as that.

“American Staffordshire Terriers can make good family pets provided they have had the correct socialization and training,” Dr MacMillan says.

But care should obviously be taken.

“This is not a novice dog breed so it does require an owner who has the time to put into their care needs,” she adds. “A busy young family may struggle with this, so the American Staffordshire Terrier is more suited to a home with older children or teenagers.

“Remember, even if your American Staffordshire Terrier is a big softy, you must never leave any dog unsupervised with children in case accidents happen.”

Do American Staffordshire Terriers need a lot of grooming?

Despite the answer above, American Staffordshire Terriers are actually one of the no-hassle breeds for time-poor people – at least in terms of grooming.

“This breed sheds moderate amounts all year long. They have a short easy to care for coat that only needs brushing once or twice a week,” Dr MacMillan says.

You don’t even need to bath them often, restricting them to times when they become very dirty or start to pong. So long as the nails are trimmed and you’re keeping an eye on them, they’re an easy breed to look after.

American Staffordshire Terrier health problems

The American Staffordshire Terrier is a generally healthy dog but hip and elbow dysplasia is common in this breed.

“These developmental joint abnormalities can cause joint pain, mobility issues, and the early onset of osteoarthritis,” Dr MacMillan says.

Like many breeds, the American Staffordshire Terrier can also suffer from progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).

“This inherited eye condition causes loss of vision and even blindness,” she explains.

Cerebellar ataxia has been documented in American Staffordshire Terriers.

“This hereditary neurological disorder causes changes in the way your dog moves, such as stiffness, loss of balance, head tremors, and rapid eye movements,” Dr MacMillan says.

“Symptoms are often first noticed around 3–6 years of age. Sadly, there is no cure for this condition and many dogs will progress to the point where they are no longer able to walk. Euthanasia is advised at this point.”

Some problems can be avoided if you buy sensibly, though.

“Purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder who has carried out health screening for inherited conditions, and only breeds from fit dogs, is extremely important,” Dr MacMillan advises.

Should I get an American Staffordshire Terrier?

Depending on where you live, this answer may have already been decided – you will need to check for any restrictions or bans with the relevant authorities. But assuming you are able to get an American Staffordshire Terrier, then it comes down to circumstances: will you have enough time to spend training and exercising the breed and do you have a young family?

In the right hands and in the best environment, you’ll find this breed is loving, loyal and protective and a great asset. But it’s not a good dog for a first-time dog owner.

Read next: Staffordshire Bull Terrier breed profile

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

If you're looking for a new adventure this summer, why not try kayaking with your dog? It's a brilliant form of exercise for you, mentally enriching for them, and a great bonding activity to try together.

Before you head out to the water with your dog, it's worth getting some land-based practice first, using the best dog treats and praise to build positive associations around the kayak. You'll also want to get your hands on safety equipment, like a life jacket for both of you, a non-slip mat, and a quick-release leash.

For more tips on how to get started, you'll find Rachel Rodger, Head of Training and Behavior at Napo Pet Insurance, sharing her advice below – including what to pack, how to prepare, and top tips for when you're on the water.

Kayaking checklist

Here's what you'll need to pack:

1. Dog life jacket

Even if your pet is a confident swimmer, Rachel recommends using a dog life jacket to keep them safe and buoyant in the water.

She says, "Choose one with a strong handle so you can lift your dog back into the kayak if needed. You can see Rico and Maisy both have them in my photo!”

2. Non-slip mat or dog pad

Kayaks can get very slippery, so Rachel advises putting a non-slip mat or a dog pad in the bottom to help prevent accidents from happening. The last thing you want is to fall overboard!

3. Quick-release leash

You should never tie your dog to a kayak while paddling, but Rachel recommends bringing a leash with a quick-release clip for launch and landing.

These moments can be unpredictable, and your dog might spook in unfamiliar environments, so this will help keep them under control and prevent them from running off.

4. Collapsible water bowl and fresh water

It might be tempting to let your dog drink from the river or lake, but Rachel warns that the risk of blue-green algae is too dangerous and can be fatal if consumed. Make sure you pack plenty of fresh water, along with a collapsible water bowl that's easy to store.

She says: “Keep your dog hydrated with clean drinking water – don’t rely on lakes or rivers, which may be unsafe. If in doubt, keep dogs out of the water."

5. Dry bag with dog essentials

Your belongings are inevitably going to get wet in a kayak, so be sure to pack a dry bag to store the essentials – like treats, poo bags, a towel, and any medication.

Rachel adds: "I also have a phone case that I can use to take photos, but it floats and keeps my phone dry if we fall in!"

Tips for kayaking with your dog

Never been kayaking with your dog before? No problem – Rachel shares five of her top tips below:

1. Start with land-based training: “Let your dog explore the kayak on dry land first. Encourage them with treats and praise, helping them associate the kayak with positive experiences. Practice sitting calmly inside it with them.”

2. Choose calm, safe water for your first outing: “A quiet lake or a slow-moving river is ideal. Avoid strong currents, waves, or busy boating areas until both of you are more confident. You could even find a club that runs sessions instead of risking going it alone.”

3. Keep sessions short and positive: “For your first few trips, keep paddles short and low-stress. Bring treats and reward your dog for calm behavior. Build up their comfort and stamina gradually.”

4. Wear life jackets – for both of you: “You should always wear a buoyancy aid, and your dog should too. It's not just about swimming – it's about safety in unexpected situations like tipping or cold water.”

5. Stay balanced and calm: “Your dog will take their lead from you. Keep your movements steady, and balance your weight evenly. Sit low in the kayak and stay relaxed, and enjoy it! Make sure you practice moving your arms, as you don't want to bop your dog on the head when you are moving!”

Decided that kayaking isn't for you? You could also try paddleboarding with your dog or these fun outdoor activities for pets

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Trying to decide between pitbull vs boxer? Well, you're in luck because in this vet-verified breed comparison, we're revealing everything you need to know about these two dogs so you can find the right dog for you.

Pitbulls have a controversial history and reputation, having originally been bred for bull baiting and fighting. However, with the correct training and socialization, pitbulls are known for being incredibly loyal, affectionate, and friendly companions.

Boxers are true canine clowns, with goofy and enthusiastic natures that make it impossible not to fall in love with them. Bright and alert, they are very patient and protective dogs, making them a wonderful choice for families with children.

To help you decide which of these two breeds to welcome into your home, we turned to expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she shares her knowledge around how easy these two breeds are to train, how much exercise they need, and the specific health issues they're each prone to. Let's take a look...

Size: Pitbull vs boxer

The boxer is the taller and heavier of these two breeds, with males weighing between 65–80 pounds and females coming in around 15 pounds lighter. Males are slightly taller than females, measuring approximately 23–25 inches, with females reaching heights of 21.5–23.5 inches.

Pitbulls show the same differences between the sexes, with males being taller and heavier than their female counterparts. Most male pitbulls stand 18–19 inches tall at the shoulder and can weigh anywhere between 35–60 pounds. Females stand 17–18 inches tall and typically weigh 30–50 pounds.

Appearance: Pitbull vs boxer

While both pitbulls and boxers are medium-sized, muscular dogs, there are some key differences that set these two breeds apart.

Pitbulls have a broader and squarer head than boxers, with a slightly longer muzzle, and they are more compact with a wider chest and strong shoulders. They have a short tail, which is usually kept at its natural length, and their ears can be cropped or left natural. Pitbulls are also known for their wide smile.

In contrast, boxers have a rounder face and a lower jaw that is much longer than their upper jaw, which gives them a very distinctive underbite. Their ears and short tail are typically cropped, and they have a lean and athletic build. They also have flat faces coupled with round eyes, which gives them a baby-faced appearance.

Intelligence and trainability: Pitbull vs boxer

Thinking of adopting a dog? If so, how easy they're going to be to train may be something you want to think about before deciding on which breed to welcome into your life.

According to Dr MacMillan, both pitbulls and boxers need early socialization and training to ensure they grow into well-mannered adult dogs.

"Boxer dogs are moderately intelligent, whereas pitbulls are of moderate to high intelligence," she explains.

"Both breeds are energetic, so it’s important they receive enough exercise, otherwise it could affect their concentration during training. They are both keen learners, but can also be a bit stubborn at times, so consistency is key. Some owners report that boxers can take a bit longer to housetrain compared to pitbulls."

Training your dog on your own needn't be a huge challenge, but it's worth bearing in mind that it may take a fair bit of time, patience, and consistency to help your new fur friend learn the ropes of what's expected of them.

Exercise needs: Pitbull vs boxer

Looking for a quiet pace of life filled with gentle strolls around your neighborhood and leisurely days at home? Well, you'll definitely want to steer clear of these two breeds! However, if what you're after is an active companion who will keep you on your toes, then Dr MacMillan says that both of these breeds are a great choice.

"Boxer dogs are known for their bouncy enthusiasm! They are energetic and need at least two hours of exercise per day, whereas many pitbulls may only need one to two hours," she explains.

Because boxers are a flat-faced breed, it's worth splitting up their exercise sessions and spreading them out across the day to avoid them overheating—this is particularly important in the warmer months when they struggle to regulate their body temperature.

Both boxers and pitbulls are high-energy breeds who need a lot of mental and physical stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. Because of that, it's worth investing in some of the best dog puzzle toys to give their minds a good workout. Playing a variety of brain games for dogs will also go down a treat with these two breeds.

Grooming: Pitbull vs boxer

While grooming sessions can be a wonderful way to bond with your dog, you may not have a ton of spare time to spend brushing your new fur friend. If that's the case, you'll be relieved to hear that both of these breeds are very low-maintenance on the grooming front.

"Boxers and pitbulls have short, easy-to-care-for coats, which just need brushing once a week to remove loose hairs," says Dr. MacMillan. "Like all dog breeds, they will also need daily teeth brushing, however, to prevent tartar buildup and gum inflammation."

When it comes to keeping dog teeth clean, it's important to use a pet-safe toothpaste. You can pair this with dental dog chews and treats to help reduce plaque and making sure your pup has regular vet checkups can also be a great way to keep their pearly whites in tip-top condition.

Health considerations: Pitbull vs boxer

With most of us keen to have our dogs with us for as long as possible, it's normal to be worried about potential health issues. We asked Dr MacMillan what sort of problems you may encounter if you adopt a boxer or a pitbull. Here's what she had to say:

"Boxer dogs are brachycephalic (flat-faced), meaning they have narrowed airways compared to most pitbulls," she explains. "This increases the chances of breathing issues, exercise intolerance, and snoring, as well as putting them at greater risk of heatstroke. Brachycephalic dog breeds are at an increased risk of running into difficulties when giving birth, due to their wide, square heads.

“Boxer dogs are at a greater risk of developing cancer than many other dog breeds. Malignant skin tumors are common in boxers, including mast cell tumors. But they can also suffer from other forms of cancer, like lymphoma.

“Boxers are also prone to certain inherited heart conditions, including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), otherwise known as ‘boxer cardiomyopathy’. This heart complaint can cause exercise intolerance, fainting, and breathing difficulties."

Dr MacMillan adds that in her opinion, pitbulls are the healthier of the two breeds as they are not specifically prone to some of the big health problems that boxers are.

"However, like many breeds, they commonly suffer from skin allergies. Affected dogs may experience hair loss, itchiness, and skin inflammation. Demodectic mange is common in pitbulls, too. These small mites can cause patchy hair loss, but they are easily treated with anti-parasite products."

Finally, Dr MacMillan says: "Hip dysplasia can affect both pitbulls and boxers, so purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder who health screens their dogs is essential."

Owner suitability: Pitbull vs boxer

So, now that you know a little bit more about the pitbull and boxer, you may be wondering which of these two dogs would be the best fit for you, your home, and your lifestyle.

According to Dr MacMillan, both breeds require an owner with an active lifestyle who has plenty of time to put into exercising and training.

"If these dogs are under-stimulated, it could lead to behavioral issues like anxiety, increased vocalization, and destructive tendencies," she explains.

If you have children at home, Dr MacMillan says that boxers are a much better choice.

"Boxers are much better suited to families than pitbulls, as they tend to be playful and have a more even personality. The pitbull is a banned breed in many countries due to questions raised about their temperament, so I would never recommend keeping them in a household with young children."

Read next: More facts about boxers and facts about pitbulls

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

Aussiedoodles are a cross between an Australian Shepherd and a poodle and they began to emerge in the 1990s. By mixing two affable, intelligent pure breeds, the Aussiedoodle has proven to be an adaptable, quick-learning dog and a great companion for scores of families. But they’re also rather demanding, if not in body then certainly in mind. Are you going to be up for the challenge?

To better explore the pros and cons of owning an Aussiedoodle, we’ve sought the advice of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan. We’ve also considered both types of Aussiedoodle – the standard medium-sized and miniature versions. By the end of this guide, you should have a clearer idea of whether this poodle crossbreed will best suit you and your lifestyle.

Do Aussiedoodles need a lot of exercise?

Aussiedoodles are energetic dogs but the amount of physical stimulation they need will vary.

“Their exercise needs depend on their size,” Dr MacMillan explains. “If the cross contains a standard poodle, then they could need up to two hours of exercise each day but a toy poodle cross may only need around 45 minutes per day.”

Since the breed has been crossed with an Australian Shepherd (a herding breed), it’s going to have a herding instinct so you will need to keep Aussiedoodles on a leash and ensure any free runs are in a very secure area. Aussiedoodles also love being outdoors having adventures and since Australian Shepherds and poodles are working breeds, they love to be given tasks to do as well.

If you live near water, that’s even better because, like poodles, they are one of the dog breeds that are made for swimming. At the very least, allow them to play with water – they’ll love messing around with a garden hose.

Are Aussiedoodles easy to train?

Considering poodles are one of the smartest breeds, according to canine psychiatrist Stanley Coren in his book, The Intelligence of Dogs, you can take it as a given that an Aussiedoodle will be clever too. What’s more, since Australian Shepherds are clued up dogs, it’s not a case of one side letting them down.

“Both poodles and Australian Shepherds are intelligent and energetic so this lovable mix will be similar,” Dr Rebecca MacMillan says. “These dogs are extremely smart and will pick things up quickly with the right consistent approach.”

As such, you’ll need to set aside sufficient time to socialize the breed early, using positive reinforcement and patience to navigate their possible stubborn nature. You also need to ensure training sessions are short and sweet, adopt a consistent approach and work on tackling separation anxiety.

“These dogs are a very affectionate breed and like being with people, which could come across as clingy,” Dr MacMillan says. “It’s certainly important to make sure that they are trained to be left alone for short periods.”

Do Aussiedoodles make good family pets?

With their mix of Australian Shepherds – bringing loyalty, protection, friendliness, adoration and love – and Poodles – known for being affectionate, gentle and energetic – Aussiedoodles make great family dogs. But while they’re adaptable and just at home in an apartment as they are in a large home, they will need to be properly socialized and trained.

“These dogs also need plenty of mental stimulation so they are best suited to a family who has enough time to meet their needs,” Dr MacMillan says. “These dogs will want to be kept busy so think about the best dog puzzle toys, regular training exercises and dog classes like agility and obedience.

Do Aussiedoodles need a lot of grooming?

Aussiedoodles come in two coat types, depending on which genetic traits they inherit.

“They can have a curly poodle-type coat which will require frequent brushing or clipping to keep it manageable,” says Dr MacMillan

“The softer, wavy-coated variety is a little easier to care for, with regular brushing enough for many, though they can also be trimmed to keep things looking neat.”

The good news is that, like poodles, Aussiedoodles won’t leave excessive amounts of hair all over your home. “These are single-coated dogs, and thanks to their poodle heritage, they are low-shedders,” Dr MacMillan adds. As such, they are also considered to be hypoallergenic.

Aussiedoodle health problems

Crossbreeds could inherit health problems from either set of parents.

“This includes inherited joint issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia,” Dr MacMillan says.

“These developmental joint problems can cause joint pain, mobility issues and the early onset of arthritis. Inherited eye issues are another possibility including collie eye anomaly, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts.”

Toy and miniature poodle crosses may be susceptible to Legg-Calves-Perthes disease as well, which is a painful condition affecting the ball of the hip.

“Sebaceous adenitis is also common in poodles, and could be passed on to Aussiedoodles. This condition affects the oil glands in the dog’s skin causing issues with the dog’s skin and coat condition.”

Idiopathic epilepsy, common in Australian Shepherds, could be passed on to their crossbreed offspring too.

“It is important to buy your puppy from a reputable breeder that only mates healthy dogs,” Dr MacMillan adds.

Should I get an Aussiedoodle?

Aussiedoodles are wonderful dogs – gentle, affectionate and playful – but they need a lot of attention. As such, whether your exercising, training or grooming this crossbreed, you’ll need a good amount of time to spare otherwise you may find they begin to whine just to remind you that they’re around.

Indeed, at times, it can feel as if an Aussiedoodle is your shadow – they follow their owners around and they can prove to be very clingy. But if you can provide them with the right environment, you’re in for a great time – just watching these intelligent dogs in action can be rewarding enough.

Read next: Toy poodle vs miniature poodle

Edited by Georgia Guerin.

It’s finally happening: I’m preparing for a puppy of my own! Like many first-time pup parents, I’ve been lucky to grow up with family dogs in my childhood home, and there’s been a pooch-shaped hole in my life ever since I moved out. But, in just a few weeks, my husband and I will close the door on our dogless place one last time – and hop in the car to pick up our miniature schnauzer!

When you’re a kid in a dog-owning household, you don’t see the full extent of what your parents go through preparing for a puppy. Like any prospective dog mom, I want to create the best home for my furkid, and now that I'm the one doing the work on how to prepare for a puppy, there have been far more layers than I was expecting.

Sure, it’s fun ordering the best puppy treats and researching the best puppy food, but that hardly scratches the surface. There’s a reason why they say owning a dog is a big commitment – there’s a mountain of things to consider.

Fancy coming on this journey with me? Read on to find out what I’ve learned about how to prepare for a puppy and the things that are working well for me.

How to prepare for a puppy

1. Budgeting

There are two parts to this kind of prep, which is something I’ve split into start-up costs and ongoing costs of owning a dog.

The start-up costs encompass the purchase price of our puppy alongside the one-off costs of everything we need to buy before our puppy comes home. This includes everything from the best dog toys to puppy treats and what our puppy will sleep in and on, eat and drink from, and their essential puppy vaccinations. We’ve listed all the items out – it’s several pages long!

Next up, it’s the ongoing costs. which are essentially an estimate of what our pup will cost us per month. This includes the best pet insurance, feed and other supplies, grooming, weekly doggy daycare fees, plus a little extra to build up in the background for bigger purchases or emergencies later on.

Monthly costs do pile up, and at the moment, we’re not budgeting for one of the best GPS trackers for pets with a subscription because it’s more of a nice-to-have than an essential. We might look at increasing our budget down the line.

Working this out means we are confident our dog’s upkeep will be affordable, and even if something unexpected crops up, we should be able to cover it. Money worries, so aren’t worth it, and I’m really glad we took the time to do this.

2. The ultimate clearout

I can’t be the only one who struggles to part with items, even if I no longer use them (or even forgot they existed!). However, since part of preparing for a puppy involves accumulating a bunch of puppy paraphernalia, it follows that we would have to get rid of some of our existing clutter.

It’s been super worthwhile to do this. We’ve managed not only to donate items to charity, but we’ve sold bits and pieces too; every little helps, after all! More than this, our home feels much less chaotic, and we can fit all our pup’s new things in comfortably and tidily.

3. Contacting our building management

I live in an apartment, which means there’s a little bit of admin to do before bringing our pup home.

Tenants in my building are allowed pets, you just have to apply to the management company for a permit, pay a small fee, and allow six weeks for it to come through. Once our pup was born, we set this in motion. The application was accepted quickly, so we expect to receive it soon.

If you rent or own an apartment, it’s a good idea to ask whoever is responsible for its management about any pet procedures you might need to follow ahead of time. Here’s some more advice on renting with pets.

4. Local research

This is an ongoing step that I’m not sure we’ll be done with for a long time! We've lived in our local area for a while, but never as dog owners. While we know which parks are dog-friendly, we don’t have first-hand experience with local vets, training classes, and doggy daycares.

While it can be helpful to seek out Google reviews, I wouldn’t be inclined to rely on this fully. We are also:

• Seeking out word-of-mouth recommendations, both from friends and via local Facebook groups
• Asking to sit in on a training class at a potential puppy school before bringing our puppy home
• Arranging to visit vets and doggy daycares to check them out before our puppy comes home

5. Set a home improvement deadline

I know what you’re thinking – we must be crazy for sprucing up our space when a new puppy might mess it up! Surely, home improvement should be the last thing on your mind when considering how to prepare for a puppy.

Well, that’s a fair point. That said, my thinking is that painting and DIY is tough, especially in an apartment where space is a limited, so we’re rattling through a refresh of our paint and upgrading our storage through DIY efforts while we can focus all our attention on it, and not having to keep at least one eye on a puppy!

6. Asking fellow pup parents for the whole truth

Where better to get the lowdown on how to potty train a puppy and tips for leash training a puppy than from someone who’s been, or is going, through it?

Real, no-frills feedback is the name of the game, and it will help you build your own idea of what works (and perhaps what doesn’t) when it comes to caring for, training and raising a brave puppy.

Plus, if your friend’s dog seems to be a suitable candidate, it’s a great time to craft a doggy play date. Take the opportunity to be clear about the format of the playdate – I think it’s really important to advocate for your puppy so he can have the best possible experience. Read our advice on how to introduce a dog if you’re not sure.

7. Puppy proofing my apartment

I don’t have a yard to proof, so that’s saved me a job, but just the apartment has been a big task! So far, my mission to puppy-proof my home has entailed:

• Ensuring cables are tidied – looping them through cable hooks out of reach has been a simple and effective way to do this
• Purchased a grass dog toilet – I have a communal garden that my puppy will be able to go potty on, but I don't want to expose her to this before she's fully covered by her puppy shots. Until then, she’ll get used to going just outside our door on a real grass dog toilet. So, once she’s fully protected, going potty on the lawn should be a piece of cake
• Tackling overheating by investing in a portable A/C machine – our apartment can get super hot in the summer months. In the past, my husband and I struggled on with just a room fan, but that wasn’t going to be good enough for our pooch. We just unboxed our new A/C machine, and I'm using it while I type this – at the time of writing, there’s a heatwave, and the comfort is amazing!
• Bite-proofing furniture – don’t get me wrong, we will be monitoring our puppy at all times, but it only takes a couple of chomps to damage a table leg, even if you rush over to stop your puppy biting. To help protect my furniture, I plan to run sisal rope around table legs and chairs, and the wooden feet of footstools and bookcases. I’ve heard the biting phase comes and goes; hopefully me my furniture and I can weather the storm!

8. Visualizing my new routine

I’m a pretty early riser, a regular runner, and a keen hiker. Still, I know that my daily routine is going to look different with a dog, especially as I’m a work-from-home freelancer and we don’t plan for our puppy to be in daycare every day. I’m going to have to build enough dog enrichment time into my routine to ensure my puppy has the attention, exercise, and entertainment she needs.

At the same time, I’ll also teach her resiliency and independence – as a busy writer, I can’t give her cuddles on tap. She may need some of the best dog puzzle toys to work on, and I’ve also heard that a frozen Kong filled with something delicious works well!

Alongside this, my husband and I are going to commit to some strict house rules so everyone knows where they stand – including our puppy. From what I’ve learned, consistency is key in puppy training, so if our Mini Schnauzer knows she never gets fed from the table or never rushes out the front door ahead of us, she’ll be more able to relax into an environment where the rules don’t change.

9. Learning as much as possible about puppy psychology and training

Y’all, my algorithm knows I’m preparing for a puppy and is serving up all the dog training content you can imagine. I always swipe through to the profiles of any videos I’m interested in to check on the trainer’s doggy credentials, and it’s helped me find trainers and philosophies that I really like.

I’ve also been listening to a couple of dog podcasts, mostly No Bad Dogs for training information and the Good Dog Pod that handles updates in canine health research and veterinary care insights.

A book I’ve learned a lot from is The Happy Puppy Handbook by Pippa Mattinson. She has loads of great advice on how to prepare for a puppy, from training and socialization to going out and about with your young puppy. Plus, she’s very realistic and honest about what new puppy parents can expect to experience.

10. Making an experience ticklist

Finally, I’m serving up possibly the most fun part of preparing for a puppy: making future plans!

Ideally, we’d like to raise a dog who’s comfortable with, and ultimately, enjoys, everything that we do – getting coffee with friends, going to dinner, and heading out for trips in the car. We’re based near London in the UK, so we’d love for her to travel happily on the train into the capital and even go on European holidays with us.

In order to help our puppy live life to the fullest, we need to give her the tools to do so. This means building up to these experiences early and gradually. Perhaps traveling by train would start with a visit to the station at a quiet time, then walking on and off a stationary train before going on a short trip to the next station once she’s confident.

We’ve listed out all the things we’d like to do in life with a pup, broken them all down into confidence-building steps, and hope to embrace the joy of watching her grow and learn. Maybe we’ll host a little graduation for her once she ‘passes’ all the steps – she will be our kid, after all!

Dogs chewing rocks is something vets in practice see time and time again. It always sparks some concern from owners. Whether your pup is picking up pebbles on walks or gnawing on garden stones, it’s natural to wonder why they’re doing it and whether it’s something to worry about. In this article, we’ll dive into the reasons behind this curious behavior and explore what you can do to keep your dog safe.

I have been a practicing veterinary surgeon looking after dogs for nearly 14 years now. During this time I’ve treated several cases where rock-chewing has led to chipped teeth, gut issues, and even emergency surgeries – so it’s a topic I take seriously. As quirky as this habit may seem, it can carry real health risks if left unchecked.

While it’s important to understand the causes, it’s equally vital to offer your dog safe alternatives to satisfy their natural urge to chew. If your pup enjoys gnawing, check out the best long-lasting dog chews for safer, more satisfying options.

Why does my dog keep chewing stones?

If your dog seems to have developed a fondness for rocks, there could be a number of underlying reasons. Here are the most common:

1. Teething in puppies
Just like human babies, puppies experience discomfort when teething. Chewing helps soothe their gums, and sometimes they’ll pick up anything within reach – including rocks. While it’s more common in young dogs, older dogs may continue the habit if it’s been inadvertently reinforced.

2. Boredom or lack of stimulation
Dogs are intelligent, active animals who need both physical and mental stimulation. A bored dog will often find ways to entertain themselves, and chewing rocks might be one of them. This is particularly true for high-energy breeds who don’t get enough exercise or enrichment.

3. Anxiety or stress
Chewing can be a self-soothing behavior, so if your dog is feeling anxious or unsettled, they may turn to repetitive actions like chewing rocks. Separation anxiety, environmental stressors, or changes in routine could all trigger this.

4. Attention-seeking
Some dogs quickly learn that when they pick up a rock, they get a big reaction from their owner – whether it’s shouting, chasing, or trying to swap it. This can accidentally reinforce the behavior.

5. Dietary deficiencies or medical issues
In rare cases, chewing or eating non-food objects (a condition called pica) can be a sign of an underlying health problem, such as a nutritional imbalance, gastrointestinal issue, or even a neurological condition. It’s always best to rule out medical causes with your vet, especially if the behavior starts suddenly.

How do I stop my dog from eating rocks?

If your dog’s developed a taste for stones, don’t worry – there are practical steps you can take to manage and prevent the behavior:

1. Rule out medical causes
Before tackling the behavioral aspect, always get your dog checked by a vet. Blood tests and a physical exam can help rule out pica, (a condition where dogs compulsively eat non-food items) anemia, or other underlying problems.

2. Provide appropriate chews
Make sure your dog has access to safe, vet-approved chews that meet their need to gnaw. These long-lasting dog chews are a great place to start. Rotate toys to keep things interesting and avoid boredom.

3. Increase exercise and mental stimulation
A tired dog is a happy dog! Regular walks, training games, scent work, and puzzle toys can all reduce destructive or unusual behaviors linked to boredom.

4. Use positive reinforcement
If you see your dog walking past a stone without picking it up – make sure you reward them. Treats, praise, or a quick game can positively reinforce the behavior you want. If they do pick up a rock, avoid shouting – instead, offer a trade with a high-value treat and praise when they drop it.

5. Supervise closely on walks
Use a short lead in rocky areas and redirect their attention if they start sniffing around for stones. If your dog is particularly persistent, consider a basket muzzle when out and about – it might not be pretty, but it can be a helpful short-term tool while you work on training.

6. Consider behavior support
If the habit is proving hard to crack, a qualified behaviorist can offer tailored advice. Make sure to work with someone accredited by a recognized organization like the APBC or ABTC.

Is it dangerous for my dog to chew rocks?

Yes – chewing or eating rocks can be extremely dangerous for dogs. Here’s why:

• Broken teeth: Rocks are hard, and a powerful bite can result in fractured teeth. This can lead to pain, infection, and the need for dental surgery.
• Choking risk: Small stones can get lodged in the throat or airway, especially in smaller dogs or puppies.
• Intestinal blockage: If your dog swallows a rock, it can get stuck in the stomach or intestines. This is a surgical emergency and can be life-threatening.
• Internal injuries: Sharp stones can cause tears or perforations in the digestive tract, leading to peritonitis and other serious complications.

If your dog is showing signs of vomiting, reduced appetite, abdominal pain, straining to poop, or lethargy after chewing or swallowing rocks – contact your vet immediately.

Do dogs grow out of eating rocks?

This depends on the cause. Puppies often chew rocks while they are teething and many will grow out of it as they mature and get their adult teeth – especially if they have access to appropriate chews and puppy toys and are positively guided away from the behavior.

However, if the chewing is due to boredom, anxiety, or has been accidentally reinforced, it’s unlikely to go away on its own. Older dogs can become habitual rock-chewers, and without consistent intervention, the behavior can persist into adulthood and even old age.

The key is early management – offer suitable alternatives, reinforce positive behaviors, and seek help if you’re struggling. Most dogs can unlearn the habit with time, patience, and consistency.

While it might seem like a harmless quirk, dog chewing rocks is a behavior that deserves attention. Whether it’s driven by boredom, teething, or stress, there are steps you can take to redirect your dog safely.

Always start by ruling out any medical issues, provide safe chew alternatives, and enrich your dog’s daily routine. And if in doubt, don’t hesitate to reach out to your vet, they are here to help and always have your dog’s best interests at heart.

Read next: Safe dog chews for aggressive chewers and best durable dog toys

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Heard of small dog syndrome? Chances are, if you're an owner of a toy breed, you probably have. Small dog syndrome is described as undesirable behaviors like jumping up, barking, or pulling on the leash that are sometimes exacerbated in small dogs.

These behaviors would simply not be tolerated in large breed dogs because they would become unmanageable so quickly. Vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan says, "These dogs are often allowed to get away with this sort of behavior, with many owners turning a blind eye because the dog is small and cute."

While a small dog jumping up at you may not be that threatening or dangerous, it is still behavior that you may want to nip in the bud. As with larger breeds, it's important to properly socialize and train your dog to avoid these unwanted behaviors.

In this feature, we go into all the characteristics of small dog syndrome, ways to prevent and the types of breeds most likely to suffer from it.

What is small dog syndrome?

"Small dog syndrome is a term used to affectionately describe an array of undesirable behaviors often seen in little dog breeds. This can include jumping up, barking excessively at people or other dogs, aggression, pulling on the leash," says Dr. MacMillan.

If you have a small dog that seems to have a lot of personality trapped in a tiny body, it might be worth investigating whether or not these are behavioral problems or if your tiny pooch is just a little spunky.

So what behaviors are included in this? Dogs with small dog syndrome can display the following:

• Jumping up on people
• Barking
• Aggression, including growling or nipping at you
• Biting
• General disobedience

Dog breeds most likely to suffer from small dog syndrome

While small dog syndrome can affect any small or toy dog breed, there are a few breeds that seem more prone to it.

1. Jack Russell Terrier

Jack Russell Terriers have big personalities, but with the right training and socialization, these dogs can be great companions.

It is important to note that this is a high energy breed that needs plenty of exercise. They are also one of the fastest dog breeds and can run up to 38mph!

2. Chihuahua

Chihuahuas can get a bad reputation for being feisty little pups, but these are very affectionate dogs. They are one of the longest living dog breeds, with a life expectancy between 12-18 years.

While they make great family pets, they may be better suited to homes with older children. Due to their size, they are relatively fragile and should be handled carefully.

3. Pomeranian

Pomeranians are full of life and are generally happy dogs. Their outgoing nature makes them one of the best dog breeds for extroverts.

These fun-loving dogs have tons of energy, so they will need plenty of exercise, around 30-60 minutes a day. It's also very important to socialize these dogs early on, as they are known for trying to pick fights with other dogs.

4. Miniature dachshunds

Dachshunds are a hound breed, meaning they were bred for hunting and tracking. Specifically, they are scent hounds who use their nose for these jobs.

These dogs can have a prickly disposition and generally bond closely with their pet parents, staying wary of strangers. Dachshunds can be a little challenging when it comes to training, but with lots of positive reinforcement and tasty dog treats, they can easily learn new tricks and commands.

How to manage small dog syndrome

Dr MacMillan notes that it's best to prevent these behaviors from happening early on. You can do this by socializing and training your dog when their puppies.

She says, "You shouldn’t ‘baby’ your small breed puppy, for example, by carrying them around or letting them nip or jump up at you. They still need to learn all the same social skills that large dogs do."

If you are already dealing with these behaviors, Dr MacMillan recommends reward-based training and praising the behaviors you want them to do.

"Seeking help from a qualified pet behaviorist is recommended if you are struggling, especially if your pet acts unpredictably or aggressively," she adds.

Read next: How to treat shaker syndrome in dogs

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.

The 4th of July is an exciting time of year for us humans, but it can be a completely different story for dogs who struggle with anxiety.

From noisy fireworks to busy crowds, there are plenty of things that can cause our pets to feel stressed and worried during this period. While we can’t stop our dogs from hearing the celebrations altogether, we can help them feel more comfortable—and planning ahead is the key to success.

Below, vet Dr MacMillan shares four ways to help your dog feel less anxious on the 4th of July (or during any other major celebration), including training methods, helpful supplements, and preparation tips.

How to keep your dog calm on July 4th

1. Desensitization

If you struggle to find ways to calm your dog during fireworks, desensitization training is one of the best things you can do.

This might sound counterintuitive, but try playing fireworks sounds at a very low volume in your home and, over time, gradually increase the volume. Whenever your dog shows normal behaviors—like relaxing in their bed or playing with toys—reward them with their favorite treat to reinforce the positive response.

Dr MacMillan adds: "This will take time and patience and, for many dogs, is not something that can be rushed. This type of training is best carried out while your dog is very young and before they have developed any aversions, but it can also be done in older animals with anxiety issues."

2. Prepare a safe space

Create a den-like space for your dog to relax in—whether it's a sheet draped over some chairs or a towel placed on top of their crate. The key is to prepare this environment in advance so they have time to use it beforehand and recognize it as a safe area.

Dr MacMillan says, "You can prepare their environment ahead of the 4th of July to help them cope better on the night. Encourage your pet to use this safe space ahead of the celebration night by feeding them in there and putting their favorite toys inside it."

3. Supplements

Dr MacMillan says there are various supplement-style products on the market that could help with anxiety symptoms in dogs. While it can involve some trial and error, it’s worth giving them a try—just be sure to choose a reputable brand.

4. Pheromones

You can buy natural calming, appeasing pheromones that release positive chemicals to help your dog feel calmer and more relaxed. These come in various forms, including plug-in diffusers, sprays for bedding, and collars.

5. Puzzle feeders

It’s well worth investing in one of the best dog puzzle toys—especially if your pet is feeling anxious or bored. Dr MacMillan says they’re a great way to keep your pet occupied while fireworks are going off, diverting their attention to something fun and positive.

While all of the above can definitely help your dog feel more comfortable and accepting of fireworks, consult your vet for advice if your dog is very anxious about loud noises—they might prescribe medication.

Dr MacMillan adds: "Longer term, you should seek help from a qualified pet behaviorist who will help talk you through a more detailed sound desensitization program for your dog so that they will be better prepared for next year."

Read next: Ways to destress your dog and how to calm a reactive dog

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.