Getting a new cat or kitten is a very exciting time, but there are lots of things you'll need to buy ahead of their arrival – including the best cat food, a selection of toys, and a comfortable bed to sleep in.

When bringing home a new kitten, it's not just material items to prepare; you'll also need to consider whether they'll be an indoor or outdoor cat (and kitten-proof your house and yard accordingly), register them with your local vet, and make your home a safe space for them to explore.

We know there's a lot to remember, so to help you out, we've created a simple checklist for you to follow below, which includes our top product recommendations (many of which have been tested by the PetsRadar team). The cost of owning a cat can soon add up, so we've included budget-friendly options that won't break the bank.

Checklist for new cat owners

1. Food

There are pros and cons to both dry and wet food, but most vets recommend introducing both to your cat from an early age to get them used to it. However, if your kitten is particularly young, it's best to wean them onto a pâté first, which helps keep them hydrated and is easier to chew.

2. Bowls

Once you've chosen the best wet or dry food option, you'll need something to serve it in – and we'd recommend one of the best anti-vomit bowls, which reduce neck strain and may even aid digestion.

3. Bed

Felines sleep for around 15 hours a day, so they'll need one of the best cat beds or hammocks to snuggle into. Once you've got to know your kitty a little better, you'll be able to choose the best spot to place it – whether that's up high by the window or tucked in the corner of a quiet, secluded room.

4. Litter box and litter

If you decide to keep your feline indoors, you'll need one of the best cat litter boxes, along with the best cat litter to go inside. We'd recommend a clumping option, as it's easier to clean (like this one from Amazon), but if you really hate the idea of scooping poop altogether, you could splash out on an automatic litter box instead.

5. Scratching post and tower

Scratching does wonders for your cat’s mental and physical health – helping reduce stress and anxiety while keeping their claws in tip-top condition. Being up high also helps them feel safe, so your cat will thank you for having one of the best scratching trees that combines the two!

6. Collar with ID tag

If your cat ever goes missing, wearing a collar with an ID tag will massively increase the chances of being reunited. We recommend choosing one with a quick-release design to prevent it from getting caught on branches and posing a strangulation risk, as well as a reflective finish for added safety at night.

7. Carrier

Even if you don't plan on taking your new pet out of the house on day trips, you're going to need the best cat carrier for vet visits and for collecting them from the rescue center or breeder.

According to vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan, most cats prefer covered designs, which help them feel protected from threats and muffle the sound of scary noises. We'd recommend choosing one with multiple entry points, as this will make it much easier to get them out during vet appointments.

8. Grooming tools

If you don’t keep on top of regular grooming sessions using the best cat brushes, their fur can quickly become tangled and matted, which may even lead to skin problems in the future.

Brushing your cat is also a great opportunity to spot issues like wounds or lumps, helping you monitor any health problems that might need treatment.

9. Pet toothbrush and toothpaste (yes, really!)

This might come as a surprise, but cats need their teeth brushed too – and you’ll need a pet-specific brush and toothpaste to help them maintain good dental hygiene. If you need advice on how to brush a cat’s teeth (without being attacked!), we have a helpful guide that you can follow.

10. Toys

The benefits of cat play are endless – not only does it encourage physical activity to keep them fit and active, but it also lets them act out natural instincts like hunting (without actually killing anything).

It's also one of the easiest ways to prevent boredom, which, in turn, helps avoid destructive behavior.

11. Medication

While your vet can suggest and prescribe any necessary medication, you can buy the best flea treatments over the counter to keep your cat protected from pesky insects.

12. Treats

When it comes to training, having some of the best cat treats on hand will go a long way. Felines aren’t motivated by punishment, so it’s important to reinforce good behavior using food, praise, catnip, or toys.

By stocking up on these essentials, you'll ensure your cat has everything they need for the best possible start in life.

Read next: Things you’ll need to do when preparing for a new kitten and how to be a good cat owner. You might also want to learn how to set up the perfect catio

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

If you’re preparing for a kitten, we’ve put together a checklist of things to do that will ensure you're 100% ready for bringing home a new kitten. While welcoming a little fur friend into your life can be a super exciting time, I know from my own experience that it can bring a few challenges with it as well.

There are lots of things to consider when you get a kitten. Do you have existing pets? Are you home during the day, or do you tend to be out a lot? Will you be able to devote enough time to them? Are you prepared for the additional financial demands? Thinking these questions through will help ensure you choose the best breed for you and you're ready for what lies ahead.

Getting a new kitten can be really special, but I'm really glad I spent time thinking it through before we welcomed our own little bundle of joy into the family. It's not all cuddles and play time with cute kitten toys – those early days can also be hard work as you try to establish a routine for your new feline friend and help them learn what's expected of them.

This checklist will help you think through all the important questions and make sure you have everything you need before your bundle of fluff sets paws inside your home. So, without further ado, here's what to consider...

Preparing for a kitten

1. Do your breed research

I have to admit, I wasn't keen on getting a second cat to begin with. Working from home, I felt I already had my hands full with one feline friend in my life. Our British Shorthair/Burmese cross, Roxy, definitely inherited more Burmese genes, and at that point, she was demanding a fair amount of my attention. How on earth would I get my work done while juggling two cats?

In the end, I said to my husband that if we were going to get another kitty, it would have to be one of the best cats for introverts. I wanted one of the quietest cat breeds that enjoyed the company of humans but was relatively undemanding and independent. We decided to go for a full British Shorthair this time around, and we hit the jackpot — Teddy is exactly what I was looking for in a second cat.

If I could recommend just one thing in your hunt for a kitten, it would be this: think carefully about your lifestyle and do your breed research. Are you wanting a high-energy breed who will accompany you on outdoor adventures? If so, a Bengal could be a good fit.

Maybe you want a chatty, Velcro kitty who will follow you wherever you go? A Burmese or Siamese would be a good choice. Or maybe you're after a quiet and cuddly lap cat? A ragdoll or Persian will tick that box nicely. While all cats have their own unique personalities, thinking through what you're looking for in a feline friend will give you the best chance of finding a good match.

2. Don't underestimate the time commitment

All kittens require a substantial time commitment in the first six months of their life, regardless of whether they're high energy or spend a lot of time on your lap. When you bring home your new pet, all sorts of things will happen that will draw your focus away from whatever else it is that you're trying to do.

Kittens have a lot of energy, so there'll be moments during the day where they're zooming round the house at high speed, knocking things over and getting into all sorts of mischief that you hadn't anticipated. You also need to be really consistent with your training, as many kittens will test the boundaries, especially when they have the zoomies and decide to forgo their cat scratching post in favor of pulling themselves along the bottom of your couch!

If you plan on neutering your pet (and unless you plan on using them for breeding purposes, I highly recommend you do to prevent male aggression or unwanted pregnancies in females) there is also a recovery process to oversee, including pain relief to be administered, a medical cone that needs to be kept in place to prevent them from licking their stitches, and supervising them to ensure they don't overexert themselves.

3. Kitten proof your home

Next, you'll definitely want to kitten proof your home. We were fairly lucky in that first year with Teddy, as although she was very playful, she wasn't one for chewing small objects or cables, so we didn't have the risks associated with those things to worry about.

One thing she did love, though, was human food! It took us a few weeks to realise we couldn't leave butter, cheese, cream, or any other dairy-based item out on the counter as we'd turn our backs for a second and then look back to find her paws and whiskers covered in whatever fat-based goodness she'd managed to get stuck into.

She was also quite big on chewing on the leaves of the plants in our home, but thankfully, we already had Roxy in our family, so we'd long since made sure our plants were non-toxic to cats.

You'll also want to keep toilet seats down (kittens can fall in easily), lock away household chemicals, and protect your furniture if your new kitty is prone to scratching things other than their post.

4. Plan the integration

Unfortunately, if you already have another fur friend or two in your family, it's impossible to know for sure how they'll cope with a new addition. Some pets take to each other instantly and are besties for life, while others may only ever learn to tolerate each other and some may never be able to co-exist.

It really is luck of the draw. We'd hoped because Roxy is so outgoing with humans that she'd do well with Teddy as long as we got the introductions right, but sadly it didn't go as well as we expected. Thankfully, while the first nine months were pretty bumpy, they have got to the point where they can live together without too many issues.

My top tip for keeping the peace in a multi-pet household is not to rush the introductions. We kept Teddy and Roxy separate for the first two weeks, with Roxy having free rein of the house as usual and Teddy being confined to the living room.

After that, we introduced each cat to the other's scent and then let them meet by opening the door just a crack so they could see each other. If Roxy hissed, we closed the door and started the process all over again. Finally, they were able to be in the same room together with supervision (and lots of cat treats!), and now, a year later, we can leave them home alone together.

While I hope the relationship between your pets moves a bit quicker than ours did, make sure you think through how to integrate them, and don't underestimate how long it might take for them to be able to co-exist peacefully.

5. Decide if they'll be an indoor or outdoor cat (or both)

There are some cat breeds that prefer being outdoors, and trying to keep them inside will only cause you to want to tear your hair out — trust me, I speak from experience! While Teddy is a little bit more agreeable to having her outdoor access curtailed, being Burmese, Roxy is a complete genius and will simply manipulate the dials on the cat flap until she can get out.

Have a think before you adopt a kitten as to whether or not they'll eventually have outdoor access. Some breeds, like the Persian and Scottish Fold, will be quite content to remain indoors as they're more docile and less adventurous, but others don't take kindly to being kept inside unless you provide them with a lot of mental and physical stimulation to entertain them.

If you decide that your kitten will eventually go outside, it's important you don't let them out before they're neutered and vaccinated — typically after six months of age. You'll also want to supervise them at first until they get confident. We only let Teddy out with us for short periods at a time, gradually working up to longer spells and eventually leaving her outside unsupervised when we were sure she was comfortable.

6. Purchase essential supplies

Before bringing home your new kitten, you'll want to stock up on everything they're going to need. An automatic cat litter box can be a great option if you don't fancy scooping out your kitten's poop on a daily basis, but I'm not particularly bothered by that so we just went with a regular one. You'll also want to get the litter to go in it, as well as poop bags and a scoop.

Aside from that, a cat scratching post is essential to prevent your kitty from sinking their claws into your furniture. Depending on how much space you have, you may want to invest in one of the best cat trees instead, as these have the scratching post incorporated into them, plus they provide your kitty with a place to sleep, as most feature at least one bed and condo.

Finally, you'll need food, toys, and a separate bed if you don't plan on buying a cat tree (or simply want them to have additional options). If you'd like your kitten to wear a collar, it can be a good idea to get them used to this when they're young, and you might also like to buy a grooming brush for the same reason.

7. Create a safe space for them

Imagine having to leave the only home and family you'd ever known and suddenly finding yourself in a strange new house without your littermates for company. It would feel pretty daunting, wouldn't it? It's normal for kittens to take some time to settle in, but creating a safe space for them can really help make the transition easier.

It's worth setting up a small space that your kitten can use to hide away in if they feel they need it. If you happen to have a blanket with their mother's scent on it, pop this into their bed or another comfortable area in your home – this familiar smell can be very soothing for kittens.

Don't force your kitten to interact with you, and don't try to stop them from hiding away. This is a very natural and normal behavior when they're adjusting to a new place. Of course, not all kittens will feel the need to do this. Teddy was relaxed from the get-go and never hid away or cried at night, but many kittens (especially breeds that are highly people-oriented) may take some time to relax and feel safe.

8. Consider how you'll get them home

Once you've decided on a kitten and purchased the necessary supplies, you'll want to give some thought to how you'll get them home. A sturdy and well-ventilated cat carrier is the best option as this will ensure your feline friend stays safe and secure on the journey to their forever home.

I highly recommend that once you have your kitten inside their carrier that you place this on the backseat of your car and fasten the seatbelt over it to prevent any movement while you're traveling.

While it can be tempting to place them on the front passenger seat, I don't advise this as many kittens will meow or claw at the carrier to communicate their displeasure at being confined, and this can end up being a distraction if you're constantly reaching over to try to soothe them. Placing a blanket over three sides of the carrier (making sure to leave space for air to get in) may help minimize motion sickness and help your kitty feel calmer.

9. Register them with a local vet

One of the first things you want to do once you've made the decision to adopt a kitten is to register them with a local vet. Once you've done that, you'll find your vet will be able to provide you with a wealth of information around neutering, kitten vaccinations, flea treatments, and microchipping.

We made more trips to the vet in the first year of Teddy's life than we would have liked due to her sustaining a nasty bite wound on her tail inflicted by a stray and unneutered male cat, so pet insurance is something you might also like to consider.

10. Introduce them to your home slowly

It can be tempting to let your kitten have unlimited access to their new home the minute they set their paws inside the door, but try to hold back if you can. It can be really overwhelming for kittens to have so much space so soon, especially when they're still adjusting to being without their mother and littermates.

I recommend having one room in your home set up for your kitten. Pop their food and water dishes in here, as well as their litter box, toys, and bed. We used the living room for Teddy, but you can use any room in your home that feels convenient.

After they've been in this room for a few days to a week, you'll probably notice there naturally comes a point where they're feeling ready to explore more of their surroundings. Once that confidence is there, you can grant them access to other parts of the home.

11. Be prepared for the kitten teething phase

Do kittens lose their teeth? You bet they do! Kittens have 26 milk teeth that are gradually lost and replaced by 30 deciduous teeth. While it's not an exact science, most kittens start to lose their baby teeth around three months of age and will have all their adult teeth in place by the time they reach seven or eight months.

As you can see, kitten teething isn't a quick process. It's very normal for kittens to want to chew everything in sight for a period of four or five months, and although some will swallow their baby teeth while they're eating, it's worth preparing yourself for the fact that you may find little kitten teeth on your floor!

Investing in a few of the best kitten teething toys can be a real lifesaver during this period, as it will stop your little fur friend from chewing on things they shouldn't – such as your shoelaces, which our Teddy was particularly fond of during her teething phase!

12. Provide them with play sessions each day to help them burn off energy

Kittens need around 16–20 hours of sleep in the first six months of their life, so expect your feline friend to spend a lot of time with their eyes closed. However, when they're not snoozing, they'll have energy they need to burn off, which is why regular play sessions are so important.

Kittens don't have the same attention span as adult cats, so shorter sessions are best for them. Aim for around 2–3 sessions a day of roughly 10 minutes each. Investing in a few interactive cat toys and playing with your friend rather than them playing independently can be a great way to start to build a bond with them.

Cat play time is always key, but it's especially vital if you have other pets in the home who are perhaps quite a bit older. Playing with your kitten gives their energy an appropriate outlet so they don't end up directing it towards the other animals in their new family. Trust me, this can really reduce the number of fights that break out!

Read next: 20 things I've learnt to consider before getting another pet, how to set up the perfect catio and checklist for new cat owners

Edited by Georgia Guerin and Alexis De Leaver.

When you’re on the train, you don’t expect to see a little kitten stuck on the tracks. But that’s what happened to Portia Duke, a tour guide on the Alaska Railroad, who managed to rescue the kitten she found while working over the weekend. Willow the kitten is enjoying playing with the best cat toys in safety, while Duke is aiming to raise money for the vet care the tiny feline needs.

Duke saw the kitten while the train stopped to switch engine crew.

“We could hear it crying over all the noise the train was making,” she told PetsRadar. “We saw it and radioed the conductor for permission to be able to get off the train, but unfortunately they run on a very tight schedule so it wasn’t possible.”

She couldn’t stop thinking about the kitten after, even calling a local campground to see if they could help, but they didn’t answer.

“It was crying so loudly that any number of wild animals could hear it – plenty of predators that would love to have a little kitten for dinner. And so my heart was just breaking.”

Because Duke was struggling to sleep that night, she drove out with her boyfriend in the morning holding out for the “one-in-a-million shot” that the kitten would still be there.

“At the same time, we heard that little squeaky meow and we both just looked at each other and started walking faster, because we knew she was out there,” Duke said. “She was alive and we found her within about 10 yards of where we saw her the day before 18 hours earlier. We were both just in complete shock. We just were stunned.”

They picked her up, put her in a carrier, and began trying to find an emergency vet to better establish her condition. A vet found that Willow weighed half a pound and was about three or four weeks old, and while she needed dewormer and antibiotics, and has some minor tail issues, she’s doing “really well” and becoming playful.

“She's much more sure on her feet,” Duke shared. “She's not wobbling and falling over as much and she's developing a personality. Obviously, to be a survivor out there all that time overnight, we can tell she's very tenacious. She’s a little fighter, a little survivor.”

If you’d like to find out more about Willow’s story, or donate to help contribute to her vet costs, you can do so on Duke’s GoFundMe.

Read next: Facts about kittens

There’s nothing cuter than a little kitten, but their small size does mean that they can get into some rather sticky situations.

Not least two kittens in Cornwall in the very south of the UK, who have survived being wedged alongside boiling water pipes and are currently on the road to recovery. They’ll eventually go up for adoption – and, hopefully, the rest of their lives will be a little less dramatic.

Bill and Barb, who are just five weeks old, were hiding in a shed for shelter when they were startled and went down a pipe that contained heating pipes for the main building.

They were due to be collected with their mother, who was scheduled to be neutered as part of plans to support a semi-feral colony by Cats Protection Cornwall Cat Centre.

Jasmine Nevitte, who is the center’s receptionist and also assists with the trap-neuter-return program, said of the ordeal: “I have been working with a gentleman to neuter all the cats in a semi-feral colony that live in his garden. When I went to collect the kittens from the shed, unbeknown to either of us there was a pipe in the back corner of the shed behind some boxes with the water heating pipes running through them.

“When I entered the shed the two kittens shot down the pipe and got stuck, tangled in some cables. I managed to get the first kitten, Barb, but behind her the second kitten, Bill, had gone in head-first and got totally stuck behind and under the boiling hot water pipes.”

Because Bill couldn’t get himself out, and there was no way to cool the pipes quickly, there was pressure to get him out before he suffered serious burns or died. Nevitte could reach his legs but couldn’t keep her arm there for long due to the temperature of the pipes, so, wearing insulated work gloves and a soft-shell jacket, she pulled the hot pipes back just long enough for her to grip Bill, release his head, untangle his legs, and pull him up.

“We took both kittens straight to the vets and amazingly Barb didn’t have any significant burns,” she said. “Unfortunately, Bill’s little bottom was more badly burnt than we initially thought, and he will need close monitoring, daily bathing and he is on antibiotics and pain relief.

“Although understandably shaken up from their ordeal, both kittens are doing well and behaving like typical, playful kittens. They are gradually adjusting to life with indoor comforts and getting used to humans.”

The kittens are getting round-the-clock care and are gradually being socialized, so they’ll be able to be rehomed when they’re old enough. Because they grew up in a semi-feral colony, they would have had little or no interaction with humans so far. But, as they’re so young, they haven’t yet developed their fear response fully and can learn to trust humans over time.

If you’d like to send the kittens and their friends at the center a gift, there’s an Amazon wishlist here.

Read next: How to prepare for adopting a kitten

Do kittens drink water? As a vet, this is a question I get asked very frequently –especially by new kitten owners keen to do the right thing for their furry friends. The truth is, while water is vital for all cats, the way kittens hydrate can vary depending on their age, diet, and environment.

I have been a vet for nearly 14 years, and during this time, I’ve helped many pet parents navigate the ins and outs of kitten care, including feeding, hydration, and health checks. Helping people understand what’s normal behavior in their kittens – and what’s not – is so important to ensure pets are getting the best care at home.

If you're looking to encourage your kitten to drink more water, I recommend trying one of the best pet water fountains, as many cats prefer running water to a stagnant bowl. But more on that shortly! First, let’s explore how kittens drink and how much water is considered normal.

Do kittens drink water?

Yes, kittens absolutely do drink water – but the amount they need and the way they access it depends on their age and whether they're still nursing from their mother.

In the first few weeks of life, kittens get all their hydration from their mother’s milk (or a suitable milk replacer if they’re being hand-reared). During this time, you won’t see them drinking water – their tiny bodies are completely dependent on milk for both nutrition and fluids.

Once kittens start weaning at around four weeks of age, their water intake gradually increases as their reliance on milk decreases. By the time they're six to eight weeks old and eating solid food, they should be offered fresh water at all times.

Kittens aged six to 12 weeks typically drink around 60–100 ml of water per kg of body weight per day – though this varies depending on their diet (wet vs dry food), activity level, and environmental temperature.

To put this in perspective: a 1kg kitten might drink roughly 60–100 ml per day if they’re on a dry diet, but much less if they’re eating wet food, which is about 70–80% water already. So don’t be surprised if your kitten drinks very little from a bowl – they might just be getting plenty of fluid from their food.

How do I encourage my kitten to drink water?

Some kittens are naturally curious and will lap up water from any bowl they can find. Others can be a bit fussier, especially if the bowl is in a noisy area or if the water isn’t refreshed regularly.

Here are a few vet-approved ways to encourage your kitten to drink more water:

• Use a pet fountain: Many cats (including kittens) prefer running water. Pet fountains keep the water fresh and moving, which can be more appealing to your kitten.
• Offer multiple bowls: Place several water bowls around the house so your kitten always has access to water, no matter where they’re playing or napping.
• Choose the right bowl: Shallow ceramic or glass bowls are best, as some kittens dislike the smell or taste of plastic.
• Keep water away from food and litter: Cats instinctively prefer to drink away from where they eat or toilet. This is a behavior rooted in their wild ancestors and can affect their willingness to drink.
• Try adding water to food: If your kitten is on a wet food diet, you can add a little more water to the food to help boost hydration.

If your kitten isn’t drinking at all, it’s important not to panic – especially if they’re eating wet food and otherwise behaving normally. But if they seem lethargic, have dry gums, or are refusing food too, then it’s time to contact your vet.

How to tell if a kitten is dehydrated?

Dehydration in kittens can happen quickly, especially if they’ve had vomiting or diarrhea, are off their food, or are overheating. It’s important to recognize the signs early, as dehydration can be life-threatening in very young animals.

Look out for the following signs of dehydration:

• Lethargy or weakness
• Dry, tacky gums
• Sunken eyes
• Loss of skin elasticity – gently pinch the skin between the shoulder blades; if it doesn’t spring back immediately, your kitten may be dehydrated
• Poor appetite
• Panting or rapid breathing

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially in a kitten under 12 weeks old, it’s crucial to seek veterinary attention straight away. Kittens are less able to compensate for fluid loss than adult cats, and even mild dehydration can escalate quickly.

Should you leave water out for a kitten?

Yes, fresh, clean water should be available to your kitten at all times, including overnight when you’re not there to supervise. Even if your kitten is on a wet food diet and doesn’t seem to drink much, they still need access to water in case they feel thirsty.

Make sure the bowl is clean, ideally washed daily, and topped up with fresh water at least once a day, more often if it's hot or your kitten plays with the bowl! For very young or clumsy kittens, use a sturdy, shallow dish to avoid spills or tipping.

If you’re crate-training or confining your kitten overnight, ensure water is available in a spill-proof bowl. You can even use a fountain if you want to encourage drinking and prevent stagnation.

Remember: establishing good drinking habits early in life helps support kidney and urinary health later on, so it’s well worth the effort now.

So, do kittens drink water? Absolutely, and it’s vital for their growth and well-being. As they wean and move onto solid food, access to fresh, clean water becomes increasingly important. Whether it’s through bowls or fountains, making sure your kitten stays hydrated is one of the best ways you can support their health at home.

Always monitor your kitten’s drinking habits and body language. If you’re ever unsure, it’s never wrong to check in with your vet – we’re here to help you raise a happy, healthy feline friend from day one.

Read next: Why is my cat drinking a lot of water?

Edited by Megan Milstead.

This page was last updated in June 2025 by Emma Chandley.

Can kittens eat watermelon? As a vet with over 13 years of experience working with cats, I often get questions from pet parents who are curious about introducing new foods to their kittens.

Watermelon is a sweet and hydrating treat loved by many humans, but is it safe for your tiny feline companion? Below, I've delved into the safety, benefits, and risks of feeding watermelon to kittens, helping you make informed choices about your kitten’s diet.

We’ll also discuss which parts of the watermelon are safe, how much your kitten can eat, and why some cats are drawn to this juicy fruit. For more on providing a balanced diet for your kitten, check out our guide on the best kitten food. Let’s dive in!

Can kittens eat watermelon?

Yes, kittens can eat watermelon in moderation, but there are several important factors to consider before offering it as a treat. Watermelon is non-toxic to cats, making it generally safe in small amounts. With its high water content, it can serve as a refreshing and hydrating snack – especially in warm climates or during summer months.

That said, kittens have specific dietary needs critical to their growth and development. Their primary source of nutrition should always be high-quality, complete, and balanced kitten food. Kitten food is designed to provide all the essential proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals that kittens need to build strong muscles, bones, and immune systems.

Watermelon may be a fun and enjoyable cat treat, but it does not offer the same nutritional value as kitten food. It is primarily made up of water and natural sugars and lacks the critical nutrients that are vital for a kitten's health and development. Because of this, watermelon should only ever be offered as an occasional treat and never as a substitute for a regular diet. Moderation is key.

Too much watermelon – or any of the best cat treats – can upset a kitten’s sensitive digestive system, potentially causing indigestion or diarrhea in cats. Start feeding with a small amount, and observe for any signs of discomfort or adverse reactions. If your kitten seems to enjoy it and has no negative side effects, you can occasionally offer watermelon as a special treat. If you are wondering what foods should be avoided when feeding your cat, we've created a list of human foods cats should never eat.

Benefits of watermelon for kittens

Thinking about feeding watermelon to your kitten? Here are the benefits:

Hydration: With over 90% water content, watermelon can help keep kittens hydrated, especially those reluctant to drink water.

Vitamins: Watermelon contains small amounts of vitamins like A and C, though these are not essential for cats since they produce most of their own vitamin C.

Risk of watermelon for kittens

While watermelon offers strong benefits, there are a couple of risks you'll want to keep in mind...

Digestive upset: Overeating watermelon can cause diarrhea or vomiting due to its high water and sugar content.

Natural sugars: Watermelon contains sugars that aren’t necessary for a kitten’s diet and can contribute to weight gain if consumed in excess.

Which parts of a watermelon are safe for cats to eat?

The flesh (the red, juicy part) is safe for your kitten to eat in small quantities, but you'll want to ensure it's fresh and seed-free.

Watermelon seeds can pose a choking hazard or cause intestinal blockages, which is why you should always remove them before serving. The rind (the tough, green outer layer) is also difficult to digest and can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort or blockages. Never allow your kitten to chew on the rind.

What to do if your kitten eats watermelon rind or seeds

If your kitten eats seeds or rind, stay calm but vigilant. These parts are hard to digest and may pose health risks. Monitor for symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or abdominal pain. Difficulty passing stools or straining in the litter box could indicate an obstruction.

If your kitten exhibits any of these symptoms, monitor their condition closely over the next few hours. While mild discomfort may resolve on its own as the seeds or rind pass through their system, any persistent or worsening symptoms should be treated as a potential cause for concern.

In such cases, do not hesitate to contact your vet for advice. They may recommend an examination or diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or an ultrasound scan, to assess the situation. Treatments could range from supportive care, like intravenous fluids, to surgery in severe cases.

How much watermelon can a kitten eat?

When feeding watermelon to kittens, keep portion sizes small:

• Portion size: Start with a piece the size of a pea or small cube. Observe how your kitten reacts when you give the fruit for the first time.
• Frequency: Limit to once or twice a week as an occasional treat.
• Preparation: Remove seeds and rind, and cut the flesh into small, manageable pieces to prevent choking. Always make sure the fruit is fresh with no rotten or moldy parts.

Watermelon should make up only a tiny fraction of your kitten’s overall diet. Prioritize high-quality kitten food to meet their nutritional needs.

Why do cats like watermelon so much?

Not all cats are fans of watermelon, but those who are, are often drawn to its texture, sweetness, and high water content. Although cats have fewer taste receptors for sweetness, the juiciness and soft texture of watermelon can still appeal to them.

Another reason some cats like watermelon is its resemblance to meat in terms of texture. The soft, juicy flesh may mimic the sensation of biting into raw meat, appealing to their natural instincts as meat eaters.

Watermelon can be a safe, hydrating treat for kittens when offered in small amounts and prepared properly. While it’s not a substitute for a balanced diet, it can be a fun way to add variety to their snacks.

Always remove seeds and rind, serve small portions, and prioritize complete and balanced kitten food. For any concerns or questions about your kitten’s diet, consult your vet for personalized advice. They will always be happy to help you make the best choices for your furry friend.

Read next: Can cats eat corn? and Is is healthy for cats to eat fish?

Welcoming a new bundle of fluff into your family is such an exciting time, but you may be wondering when can a kitten eat wet food? Being a pet parent can raise all sorts of questions, and trying to get to grips with what to feed our fur friends can feel like a bit of a minefield.

The best kitten food is available in both wet and dry formulas — but you'll want to start your little one off on wet food first. Once they're happy and comfortable eating soft food, you'll be able to start testing them out on some kibble.

If you're unsure how much food a kitten should eat, we recommend checking the label on the side of the tin which will provide you with some rough guidelines based on your kitten's age and weight. You can also speak with your vet who will be happy to advise you.

And speaking of expert vets, we drew on the extensive knowledge of Dr. Rebecca MacMillan to pull this piece together. Below, she explains exactly when a kitten can eat wet and dry food, whether one is better than the other and how to safely transitions your feline friend from wet to dry. Let's take a look...

When can a kitten eat wet kitten food?

The best time to introduce kittens to wet food is when they're still nursing but can start to incorporate other foods alongside their mother's milk.

"It is safe to start weaning kittens at around four weeks of age," says Dr. MacMillan. "They will usually begin by having wet food, or dry kibbles that have been soaked first in warm water to soften them."

If a kitten is bottle-fed, you can adopt the same rule as if they were feeding from their mother. Begin to replace some of their formula with wet food once they've reached four weeks of age.

Be sure to take a look at our guide for how often to feed a kitten for advice on creating a feeding schedule from the day your kitten is born through to their first birthday.

When can a kitten eat dry kitten food?

When can kittens eat dry food we hear you ask? Well, according to Dr. MacMillan, you won't have to wait too long before you can start trialing your kitten on kibble.

"Once kittens are happy eating soft foods, they can then safely explore dry food," she explains. "They may start by just playing with the kibbles, but most will soon get the hang of it."

Kittens tend to inherit their food preferences from their mother so this will likely inform whether they prefer wet food or dry food. If their mother loved dry food and ate that while she was pregnant with them, they will probably follow suit. The same goes for wet food.

Is wet or dry food better for kittens?

Is dry cat food best for kittens or is wet food the way to go? There's an ongoing debate around which kitten food is best but the reality is that there are pros and cons to both wet and dry foods.

"The decision may come down to owner preference, with many considering dry food to be easier and more convenient to store, as well as less prone to spoiling and odor compared to wet," Dr. MacMillan explains.

Is wet food bad for cats, then? Absolutely not. As Dr. MacMillan points out, many kittens and adult cats prefer the texture of wet food and find it more palatable.

"As long as your chosen diet is good quality and appropriate for their life stage, your kitten will be receiving all of the nutrition they need from either wet or dry," she says. "Of course, you could choose to feed a mixture, which many owners do. This can make working out feeding amounts trickier, however."

What happens if a kitten eats food too early?

"Weaning often takes place naturally, with young kittens exploring their mother’s food once their baby teeth have emerged at around three to four weeks. Therefore, it is very unlikely that your kitten will start eating ‘too early’," says Dr. MacMillan.

"Problems can arise if a kitten is taken from their mother too soon and weaned too quickly, however. A kitten should stay with its mother until it is eight to 12 weeks of age, by which time it will be fully weaned."

How to transition from wet food to dry food for kittens

Changing cat food is something that should always be done slowly, so if you're wanting to transition your kitten from wet to dry food, you'll want to do this over a period of days rather than simply removing the wet food and replacing it with dry.

"If your kitten has never had dry food before then you should introduce this to them gradually," Dr. MacMillan confirms. "Some kittens will start crunching on dry kibbles with no issues, whereas others may need them soaked initially to make them softer. You could also try mixing a few into their wet kitten food too.

Just remember that diet transitions should take place slowly over several days to avoid any stomach upsets. Also, some cats do seem to have a strong personal preference for wet or dry food, so it may be trickier to make the transition in some individuals."

You might also want to read: Why is my kitten hungry all of the time?

Is your kitten hungry all the time? If so, their voracious appetite may be causing you concern. You may be questioning if you're feeding them enough, whether their frequent trips to their food bowl are normal or feeling worried that an underlying health condition may be driving their desire to eat all the time.

As expert vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan outlines below, there are lots of reasons your kitten could be hungry. You may be feeding them the best kitten food but perhaps not getting the portion size correct or it could be that you're not feeding them frequently enough.

Just like a kitten not eating enough requires investigation, so too does a kitten who wants to eat constantly. Thankfully, most reasons for an insatiable appetite in kittens are nothing to worry about — although there are a few instances where you'll want to seek the advice of a vet. Read on as Dr. MacMillan explains what these are...

Why is my kitten always hungry?

Alongside the excitement of bringing home a new kitten, you may find yourself with a whole lot of questions – one of which may be why your new bundle of fluff has a seemingly bottomless stomach!

We asked Dr. MacMillan what might cause an increased appetite in kittens, here's what she had to say...

1. They're growing

According to Dr. MacMillan, one of the main reasons that kittens seem hungry is that they are going through a period of rapid growth and development. "Growth requires plenty of energy and protein, so your kitten will need to get this through their diet," she explains.

2. Highly active

If you haven't already researched ways to kitten proof your home, we highly recommend you do this sooner rather than later because you probably don't need us to tell you that our youngest feline friends of a habit of getting into absolutely everything.

"Kittens are small bundles of energy," Dr. MacMillan confirms, "and they need food to fuel them! Kittens are busy learning about the world through play and exploration making them much more active than many older cats."

3. Faster metabolism than adult cats

Just like with us humans, a cat's metabolism will vary depending on their age and activity levels. "Your kitten has a faster metabolic rate than older cats, meaning they burn off energy more quickly by just the day-to-day running of their body," explains Dr. MacMillan.

4. Incorrect portion size

How much food should a kitten eat? It may be more than you realize. "Your kitten could seem hungry if they are not receiving enough food," says Dr. MacMillan, adding that "not properly following the feeding guidelines of your chosen diet, or offering food too infrequently to a small kitten, may make them seem ravenous by the next mealtime."

5. Parasites

Something that may not have crossed your mind is intestinal parasites, which could make your kitten extra hungry. "Parasites absorb nutrients from your pet’s digestive system, meaning your kitten receives less," Dr. MacMillan explains. "In severe cases, this could lead to weight loss and other signs like diarrhea and vomiting."

Check out our vet's guide to how to treat a kitten with worms for more information on this.

6. Boredom

Is your cat bored? They may be if they're frequently wanting food. "A bored kitten may turn to food for something to do," says Dr. MacMillan. "But equally, meowing for general attention could also be misinterpreted as hunger by owners, who put down more food to get them to stop crying."

7. A poor quality diet

"If your kitten’s diet is low quality and lacking in nutrients then your kitten could be extra hungry as they try to meet their nutritional needs," explains Dr. MacMillan. "This is more likely to happen in home-cooked diets that haven’t been formulated by a vet. Sticking to a reputable pet food manufacturer and feeding a diet appropriate for your kitten’s age should avoid this."

8. Underlying medical condition

While it's not the most common cause of an increased appetite, Dr. MacMillan says that occasionally a medical condition may be the reason why your kitten is eating excessively.

"If your kitten is showing signs of ill health like vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss, then there might be something wrong."

When to see a vet about increased appetite in kittens

If your kitten seems hungry all the time, you may be wondering if you should seek medical advice. According to Dr. MacMillan, a keen appetite is perfectly normal for most kittens and this will naturally lessen as they mature. "If your kitten is growing at a healthy rate, seems active, and is producing normal stools, then they are probably doing just fine."

However, if your kitten’s increased appetite is accompanied by other symptoms, then Dr. MacMillan suggests seeking veterinary advice. "Look out for changes to their stools such as loose, soft, or liquid feces, as well as any blood or mucus. Vomiting and weight loss, or lack of growth, are also signs that there could be an issue."

If you have any concerns at all then it is always best to get your kitten checked over. "Your vet will be able to weigh your kitten and assess their body condition, as well as advise you on diet and parasite control," Dr. MacMillan explains. "They will be able to assess things like their coat condition, feel your kitten’s abdomen, and check their temperature. If they are suspicious of more significant issues, then they will be able to discuss further investigation with you too."

Should I let my kitten eat as much as they want?

'How often should I feed my kitten?' is a common question amongst pet parents and for good reason. There's a lot of conflicting information out there about free-feeding vs timed feeding, but Dr. MacMillan has some helpful advice when it comes to kittens.

"I never advise cat owners to free-feed their kittens," she says. "While some kittens are good at self-regulating, not all are, and many cats become overweight through having access to as much food as they like. You should always follow the feeding guidelines for your chosen kitten food as products will differ. Weigh the food out accurately with kitchen scales each time, as feeding cups or handfuls can vary wildly.

"Once you have checked how much your kitten should receive in 24 hours, you can then divide that volume of food up accordingly. For very young kittens they will require smaller meals, four or five times per day. For kittens three to six months of age, their daily ration should be divided into three to four meals, spaced evenly throughout the day.

"At six months and older your cat can have two to three meals per day. If your cat is a grazer and nibbles food at random times throughout the day, this is fine, but you should only ever leave down the amount that is recommended for their daily allowance. Don’t just keep topping the food bowl up at ad-lib.

Of course, individuals may vary, and some cats will require a little more than the feeding guidelines suggest and others a little less, depending on activity levels and genetics. This is where regularly weighing your kitten and keeping an eye on their body condition can help to ensure you are on the right track. Speak to your vet if you are unsure about your kitten’s weight or feeding regime."

Read next: How to tell if your kitten is overweight.

Wondering how to tell if your kitten is overweight? It may be something you're concerned about if you have a sneaking suspicion that your young fur friend is a little more fuller figured than you think they should be.

While feeding your new bundle of fluff a diet of the best kitten food is super important for their growth and development, it's also vital to consider portion size.

How much food a kitten should eat will depend on their age and breed and sticking to the guidelines on food packets and tins, or following the advice of your vet, is the best way to ensure your feline stays fit and well.

To help you figure out if your kitten weighs more than they should, we consulted expert vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan. Below, she outlines the signs that may indicate you kitten is overweight, some potential reasons that may be causing this and how you can help your kitten to shed those extra pounds.

How to tell if your kitten is overweight

Bringing home a new kitten is such an exciting time, but that excitement can soon turn to worry if you notice your fur friend gaining too much weight.

We found ourselves curious about whether or not there's any way you can gauge whether your kitten is the right weight or not and it turns out, there is!

Here are the signs Dr. MacMillan suggests you be on the lookout for...

1. It will be difficult to feel their ribs and spine

According to Dr. MacMillan, you should be able to easily feel your pet's ribs and spine when you run your hand over their chest and back. If you're able to do this, that's a great sign your kitten is the right weight. "If you have to probe your fingers in to find them then there may be too much fat coverage," she explains.

2. They will have no obvious waist

A healthy animal should have a visible waist and a tucked-up abdomen when you view them from the side. You're looking for an "hourglass appearance when viewed from above," states Dr. MacMillan. "A large or saggy tummy area could indicate your kitten is overweight.

3. They may appear larger than other kittens their age

"If your kitten is heavier and appears more rounded than their siblings, or other cats of a similar age, then they could be overweight," says Dr. MacMillan.

4. Ask your vet

Certain types of large breed cats, like the Maine Coon, are always going to be bigger in frame and heavier in weight than small breed cats, like the Singapura. Because kittens can vary considerably in size, Dr. MacMillan suggests asking your vet for advice.

"They will be able to weigh your kitten and assess their body condition for you. You should seek professional advice before making changes to your kitten’s diet, especially if your kitten is still young and growing."

Why is my kitten overweight?

Just like when it comes to us humans, weight gain in kittens can be caused by many single or overlapping factors. Below, Dr. MacMillan shares some of the most common causes that could be contributing to your kitten being overweight.

1. Sedentary lifestyle

If your kitten currently lacks opportunities to run, jump and play, this could make them prone to weight gain. As Dr. MacMillan explains, "Most kittens are naturally very active, but cage-rest for medical reasons or living in a very confined space could make this tricky."

2. Too many treats

"It can be hard to resist your kitten's adorable face but offering them too many cat treats can lead to weight gain," cautions Dr. MacMillan. "This includes human food scraps as well as kitty snacks."

3. Neutering

Neutering your pet is really important. Not only will it prevent unwanted kittens but it can also reduce the risk of certain health problems and put a stop to behaviors cats exhibit when they're in heat. But it does come with a potential downside and that's weight gain.

"Neutering your pet can reduce their daily energy requirements, which may mean they don’t need quite as many calories as an entire cat," Dr. MacMillan advises.

4. Overfeeding

While it may seem obvious, Dr. MacMillan says it's worth reiterating that overfeeding your kitten will lead to excess weight gain. "Not accurately following the feeding guidelines or allowing your kitten to eat ad-lib can result in them consuming too many calories."

It's worth exploring the benefits of timed feeding (putting a measured portion of food down at set times) if you find that your kitten tends to overeat during the day.

5. Eating another pet's food

If you live in a multi-pet household, it can be tricky to ensure that each pet is getting the correct portion of food as some cats are more than happy to eat for two!

"Your kitten may be helping themselves to the food of another pet in your household, as well as their own," says Dr. MacMillan. "If your kitten is big enough to go outside, then they could be eating food elsewhere too."

How to help a kitten to lose weight

From following your vet's top kitten feeding tips to ensuring your young fur friend gets plenty of exercise zooming about in hot pursuit of the best kitten toys, there's plenty of simple things you can do to help your kitten lose weight. Here are a few of our favorites...

1. Check their food intake

The first thing you want to do is to check the feeding guidelines for your chosen kitten food. "You need to weigh your pet’s food out each day, as cups or handfuls are not accurate enough," explains Dr. MacMillan.

'How often should I feed my kitten?' is a common question amongst pet parents but the frequency is less important than the quantity. Once you know how much to feed, you can then decide how to split that up.

For example, a young kitten that's three months of age will likely do best having their calories split across four portions a day. Whereas a four month old kitten may be fine with three meals a day.

2. Take care in multi-pet households

Life with more than one pet in the house can be tricky, especially when it comes to mealtimes. That being said, it's important to ensure your overweight kitten isn't eating another pet's food.

Dr. MacMillan recommends trying "automatic pet feeders, which work by reading your cat’s microchip. Alternatively, you could try establishing set mealtimes and feeding your pets separately."

3. Exercise

"Young cats are usually very active, but you can encourage this further by engaging them in play and making sure they have enough space to exercise," Dr. MacMillan advises.

"Providing them with a cat tree, building shelving for them to climb up on, and encouraging regular chasing games with a feather teaser toy will all help."

4. Make mealtimes more challenging with puzzle toys

Making your kitten work for their food can be a great way to encourage them to stay physically active. Plus, as Dr. MacMillan points out, the best cat puzzle feeders "also provide valuable mental stimulation and stops your kitten wolfing their food down too quickly, helping them to feel more satisfied."

5. Cut back on treats

Treats can be a wonderful way to reward your kitten for positive behavior, but it's easy to go overboard. Dr. MacMillan suggests using smaller treats for training and cutting out random snacks that you give to your young fur friend.

"Some owners reserve some of their kitten’s daily food rations to use as treats throughout the day which can help to ensure they are not receiving extra calories."

6. Speak to your vet team

Dr. MacMillan recommends consulting your vet for advice on diet and exercise for your kitten. "Care needs to be taken in young, growing kittens, and things like reduced-calorie foods may not be age-appropriate," she explains. "They will also be able to advise you on your cat’s weight loss goals."

Found this helpful? Learn about obesity in cats next.

Bringing home a new kitten is an exciting and heart-warming experience… most likely a long-awaited event, too. While these tiny balls of fur bring joy, laughter, fun and companionship, they also require careful preparation and attention; there is a lot to consider with these tiny beings.

From kitten-proofing your home to picking out the best kitten food, there's a lot to think about before their arrival. As with any pet ownership, it is an ongoing commitment that evolves as they grow older. Be prepared to adapt and pivot to their requirements as they change, and above all else, get to know your kitten like a new friend. This way you are aware when something is different or seems off balance.

Owners are always the best judge of their pets, intuition counts for a lot but for everything else, we have a great guide to help a smooth transition for you and your new feline friend.

How to prepare for bringing home a new kitten

Preparing ahead of schedule is the best start you can give your kitty (and you). It should be taken seriously as running around at the last minute to grab all you need often leads to chaos, stress, incorrect interactions, mistakes, and even dangerous situations for your kitten. This is not an ideal environment in which you want to bring home your new kitten. Your home should be calm, friendly, and structured.

To keep you on course, peruse our quick checklist. Each point should be considered and actioned before your kitten arrives home. If you are unsure of any, please consult your breeder, adoption center or vet.

• Read and research about owning a kitten. Talk to other owners, your local vet and/or groomer
• Kitten-proof your home and yard if present
• Remove any toxic plants, food, products and substances
• Hide or protect electrical wires
• Decide if they'll be an indoor vs outdoor cat (or both). Cater accordingly.
• Is your yard or outside space safe for when/if they roam outdoors?
• Purchase essential supplies such as bowls, the best cat litter box, food, pheromone diffusers and toys before their arrival
• Create a bedding area or safe space
• Set up a feeding location (not near their litter tray)
• Choose a local veterinary practice and register your kitten
• Prepare for the journey home. At a minimum, you will need blankets or towels, the best cat carrier, and enough fuel in the tank or charge in the car battery
• Be prepared for kitten teething, and the fact that kittens lose their teeth

• Introduce your kitten to your home and safe space and gradually to other members. For multi-pet households we have you covered too!
• Establish a feeding routine and ensure all involved understand it
• Schedule a health check with your vet
• Begin socialization – according to America’s VCA veterinary hospitals the prime time for kittens to learn socialization is between two to 12 weeks of age. Don’t delay this important work
• Plan a grooming routine, especially if they are a long hair cat. Consult with a groomer if you are uncertain
• Plan for gradual house exploration
• Research nutrition and the best diet for your kitten
• Don’t forget playtime! Try out some of the best kitten toys to discover their preferences.
• Learn about basic training techniques
• Plan for long-term health care, for example, neutering and dental care

What is the first thing to do when you bring a kitten home?

Follow along for a summary of what to do and expect on your first day with your new kitten, apart from being excited!

1. Picking them up
Whether you are collecting your kitten from a rescue or a breeder, the procedure is essentially the same. The breeder or establishment will already be expecting you and any suitable checks surrounding you as an appropriate owner will have been carried out and passed.

Upon collection, paperwork and any information you will need will be given to you. It is a relatively quick appointment so as not to overstress the kitten, but bring with you a list of questions or concerns you may have and ask before you leave. Ensure you are given the breeder’s or rescue’s contact details in case of problems post-collection.

2. The journey home
Organize a suitable ride home, a car ideally with a separate driver, leaving you to concentrate on your new addition. Use a secure and safe cat carrier lined with newspaper/training pad and a cozy soft towel or blanket. Place in any security toy or material the breeder may have given you as well. Traveling with cats in the car needn’t be problematic but do drive carefully and calmly… no road rage or sudden movements.

3. Pheromones
Consider spraying your car and cat carrier with a suitable pheromone to help create a calm and feline-friendly environment for the journey home. They can also be used to prepare your house and are available in various formats – sprays, diffusers, plug-ins, and the best calming cat collars.

4. Once at home
Bring the carrier into your prepared room, place it near their safe space, and open the carrier door. Let your kitten come out on their terms in their own time. Don’t over fuss, sit quietly nearby and offer gentle encouragement to help tease them out. Eventually, they will make the move and venture out to investigate.

Ensure fresh water is available at all times and try a small amount of food. Don’t worry at the stage if they refuse their nosh. Show the kitten where their litter box is located and allow the day to unfold organically. Spend time in the room, and with them allowing the kitten to approach you when they are ready. Keep other pets and family members away initially.

Your first week with a new kitten

It’s a big week and it should be approached calmly with a calculated and organized feeding routine to avoid creating food aggression or anxiety in cats. Remember, felines are territorial, and being away from their mother and what they consider home, can make them feel vulnerable and out of sorts. Establishing a consistent routine with food, play, and so on as quickly as possible, aids in instilling a feeling of security in your kitty.

During the first week, they will slowly investigate their new surroundings, other humans and pets. Give them time and space to do this, at their pace, not yours! Do not discourage them from jumping onto high places, remove them from hiding, or over-force them to visit new rooms, areas, or people.

Get to know them and let your kitten familiarize themselves with you. Spend time with them, let them learn your voice, your smells, your routines, your rules and handle them as much as possible.

How long does it take for a kitten to adjust to a new home?

Whilst there is no right answer to this, you can expect the process to take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. Preparing correctly, establishing routines, giving attention and maintaining a healthy environment all go a long way to speeding this process up successfully.

What not to do with a new kitten?

Don’t: Not socialize them. This includes people, other pets, places and play. Failure to do so often leads to many types of aggression developing. Aggression accounts for 27% of cats being given up to shelters, according to a study cited by The Cornell Feline Health Centre.

Don’t: Feed food not developed and sold specifically for cats. Cats have specific nutritional needs that, for example, dogs don’t. Feeding an incorrect diet, such as a canine one or human food only, will lead to serious health problems and even death.

Don’t: Have lots of strong offensive smells in the home. Keep fragrances, including scented candles, low-key, especially at the beginning. Cats are hypersensitive with a powerful nose. Strong and strange smells can cause them to stress and interfere with normal behavior like eating.

Don’t: Punish them for unwanted behavior or traits. Instead, learn how to correct these effectively and correctly, for example, scratching furniture isn’t an activity you want them to engage with but to stop.

Don’t: Forget to get your kitten insured. This eases money worries, financial limitations, and concerns over medical care and assistance.

With proper preparation, patience, and love, you'll build a strong bond with your new companion. Remember each kitten is unique, so be prepared to adjust your approach based on their personality and needs. Enjoy the playful antics, the sweet purrs, and the unconditional love that your new kitten will bring into your life!

Is your kitten always hungry? Our vet reveals the possible reasons why. Or, read our new kitten checklist

Whether you’ve just welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family, are thinking about getting one, or are simply crazy about our smallest of feline friends, there are so many facts about kittens that are bound to surprise, educate, and delight you.

Small, soft, and utterly adorable, kittens captivate us from the moment they’re born. And while you probably already know that they need the best kitten food and the best kitten toys to thrive, there’s so much more about these captivating little creatures just waiting to be discovered.

With that in mind, we’ve rounded up some of our favorite kitten facts — and keeping these in mind is one of the best ways to raise a happy and healthy kitten. From when they learn to walk to how often they need to eat, here’s everything you need to know about one of the most popular and snuggle-worthy baby animals on the planet.

1. They’re all born with blue eyes

Did you know that all newborn kittens have blue eyes? Neither did we! It turns out that our little feline friends don’t develop eye pigmentation until they’re around six weeks of age and while some kittens (like the siamese) will retain their blue eyes, most kittens' eyes will change color when they’re seven weeks of age. Until then, what we see as blue-hued eyes is a lack of pigment combined with light refraction.

2. They weigh just three to four ounces at birth

Healthy kittens weigh three to four ounces when they’re born. If all goes well, they’ll quickly start to gain weight and by the end of their first week of life, they should weigh double what they did when they were born. 

Healthy weight gain for a kitten is about half an ounce daily or around four ounces per week. They should continue to gain about a pound a month until they reach the six-month mark. 

3. They don't open their eyes for a week

Because their eyes continue to develop after birth, kittens are born with their eyes sealed shut and are super sensitive to light. Gradually, most kittens will begin to open their eyes seven to 10 days after birth and will have fully dilated pupils by two weeks of age. 

4. A kitten’s whiskers are as long as their body is wide

Whisker length is determined by the size of the cat with the length being roughly in proportion to the width of the body. While kittens may be tiny, their whiskers are already impressive at birth and will quickly grow to be as wide as their bodies to help them navigate the world. Think of them as being like a built-in measuring tape that helps them gauge the distance of all the objects around them.

5. Kittens are blind and mostly deaf initially

Even though a kitten may start to open their eyes at around seven to 10 days old, they aren’t actually able to see fully until around the 14-day mark. As well as being born with their eyes closed, they’re also born with their ear canals closed too! These tend to open somewhere between 10-14 days and they’ll be able to hear fully by three weeks of age. 

6. They can purr straight away

Kittens can purr from the moment they’re born, which we find both incredible and adorable. Purring is how a young kitten indicates that they’re feeling comfortable and content and they’ll purr to their mother as a way of letting her know they feel safe and secure. Oh, and just to give you a heads up, they’ll use their purr with you as a way of getting more attention and affection too! 

7. Kittens need help to go to the bathroom

Our smallest of feline friends need a lot of help in the first few weeks of their life. Not only are they blind and deaf but they can’t go to the bathroom on their own either. And no, it’s not kitten constipation that’s to blame, they just need their mom to stimulate them by licking their rear to pee and poop. After about three to four weeks, a kitten should be able to go to the bathroom without any assistance. 

8. Their mother's milk is vital for the development of their immune system

Can kittens drink milk? As long as it comes from their mother they can. In fact, it’s vital that every newborn kitten starts feeding from their mama within two hours of birth as they need her first milk, known as colostrum, to help their immune system develop. 

Colostrum contains vital antibodies that will protect a little kitten from disease and infection, so wherever possible, they should continue to feed from their mother until around one month of age. 

9. Kittens learn to walk around three weeks of age

They may be shaky, wobbly steps, but kittens will start to get up on their feet around three weeks of age. Their balance will be a lot better once they reach one month of age and from there, they’ll become more and more confident and eager to explore their surroundings. By the time you adopt a kitten at around eight to 14 weeks of age, you’ll definitely want to read up on ways to kitten proof your home as just like babies and toddlers, our young feline friends tend to get into absolutely everything! 

10. Kittens can't regulate their own body temperature

Because kittens can’t self-regulate their body temperature until around four weeks of age, they’re very dependent on their mother’s warmth to survive. If you’ve ever observed a litter of kittens, you’ll notice they’ll all huddle together with their mom to stay warm. 

Be sure to contact your vet if you have an orphaned kitten on your hands as they’ll be able to offer advice on how to keep your new fur friend warm in the first few weeks of their life. 

11. A kitten must eat every two to three hours

If you’re wondering ‘how often should I feed my kitten?’ the answer is, it depends on their age. However, one of the big differences between a kitten and a cat is how often they need to eat. Young kittens up to eight weeks of age need to eat every two to three hours to fuel their growth, while kittens between eight and 16 weeks require feeding every six hours. By the time a kitten reaches six months of age, they should be able to manage two meals a day. 

12. They're easy to litter train

When it comes to how to litter train a kitten, you might be surprised to learn that using a litter box is a skill most kittens pick up very quickly. Cats are naturally very clean animals and most kittens will watch their mother using a litter box and quickly mimic her behavior, which means that by the time you adopt one, your new fur friend will likely already know what to do. 

13. Kittens need several rounds of vaccinations

One of the things to consider when you get a kitten is that they will require a few trips to the vet in their first year of life. Kitten vaccinations are important and happen in two stages: the first when they’re eight weeks of age protects them against Herpesvirus, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia and is given as a course of three injections, repeated every four weeks until they reach 16 weeks of age. 

Once those are complete, they’ll then receive a rabies shot and from there, they’ll require booster shots once a year.  We recommend investing in the best pet insurance to help offset these costs. 

14. Kittens should stay with their mother for at least eight weeks

Kittens can technically leave their mother at around eight to nine weeks of age, however many vets recommend that if at all possible, keeping them with their mom until they reach 12-13 weeks of age is ideal. This ensures they have properly developed both physically and behaviorally and gives their mama and littermates additional time to help socialize them.

15. They're born toothless

Just like human babies, kittens are born completely toothless. Once they get to around three weeks old, their 26 baby teeth will gradually start to push through — but as you’ve probably guessed from the term ‘baby teeth’, that’s not the end of it! 

Somewhere between the ages of three to six months, the kitten teething phase begins as those baby teeth fall out to make way for 30 permanent adult teeth. During this time, kittens will often chew on everything in sight to help relieve some of the discomfort they’re feeling, so it’s worth stocking up on some of the best kitten teething toys to save your furniture and clothing from bite marks! 

16. Catnip doesn't work on young kittens

Catnip doesn’t work on all cats, but for it to have a chance of being effective a kitten must have inherited a sensitivity to the green stuff, which is a trait that doesn’t emerge until they’re around six months of age. 

17. Socialization starts with their littermates

If you’re wondering how to socialize a kitten, you’ll be relieved to learn that a good chunk of the work is done by their mother and littermates before you likely even set eyes on your new forever friend. Starting at around two weeks of age, kittens begin to learn how to behave around other cats by interacting with each other, observing their mama, and getting feedback from her. 

It’s important that their breeder also gently exposes them to new people, animals, sights, sounds, and smells as this will help them to be comfortable with these things in the future. 

18. Kittens can get pregnant

Believe it or not, kittens can get pregnant as young as four months old! Unspayed female cats (including kittens) will go into heat every two to three weeks from the spring through to the autumn and because they’re pregnant for around two months, a kitten of six months that’s not been spayed could find themselves becoming a mama while they’re still a baby. 

19. Not all kittens in the same litter will have the same father

Trust us, we fell off our chairs when we found this out too! A little known fact about kittens is that just because they come from the same litter, doesn’t mean they’ll have the same father — which explains why you'll often get kittens who look very different from each other. Cats can be impregnated by more than one male during a single ovulation period so the kittens end up being much like fraternal twins — genetically different but occupying the same uterus. 

20. Some kittens take longer to reach maturity

When does a kitten become a cat? It very much depends on their breed. While most kittens are deemed to be adults once they reach 12 months of age, for some breeds, like the Maine coon, a kitten may not reach their full size until two years of age. 

21. Kittens possess a strong sense of smell

A kitten's power to detect different scents is certainly nothing to be sniffed at! Kittens have almost 40 times more odor-sensitive cells than we humans do and trust us, they need them. Because kittens are born blind and deaf, they rely on their sense of smell in the first few weeks to help them navigate the world. 

22. Kittens begin to develop color points at around one month of age

It’s not until a kitten reaches around four weeks of age that you’ll begin to spot the emergence of their color points. As the next few weeks unfold, you’ll start to see their unique coat pattern appear. A great example of this is the siamese, who starts off completely white but who slowly starts to gain color on their ears, face, legs and tail. 

23. They learn to meow to their humans very early on

Kittens start meowing when they are only a few days old. They use their meow to let their mother know that they’re cold or hungry, but once they get older kittens stop meowing to other kittens and cats. However, they continue to meow to humans throughout their lives — probably because it’s so effective at getting us to do what they want us to do!

24. The average number of kittens in one litter is four

Most mama cats will have around four (and sometimes six) kittens per litter, although first time mothers will tend to only birth two to three. The largest litter of kittens ever recorded was a whopping 19 born to a burmese/siamese mix. 

25. A kitten’s first year of life is equivalent to our first 15 years of life

Most vets agree that the first year of a kitten’s life is equal to around 15 human years due to the amount of growth and development they go through. The second year is thought to add around nine years (making a two-year-old cat roughly 24 in human years)  and after that, each human year adds around four cat years — so a three-year-old cat would be considered 28. 

26. Kittens start playing at four weeks of age

At three weeks of age, a kitten will start to walk and explore their surroundings. It’s around this time that they may start to become interested in cat toys, but they can’t yet run or chase after moving objects.

However, once a kitten reaches four weeks, they’ll have both the confidence and the coordination to start to play. If you’re looking for ways to bond with your cat, tapping into this natural instinct and regularly engaging in fun play sessions with your kitten is great for relationship building. 

27. A group of kittens is referred to as a kindle

No, we’re not talking about the electronic reading device, although we can understand the confusion! While a group of adult cats is called a clowder, a group of kittens is referred to as a kindle (or a litter, but we think a kindle of kittens sounds cuter).

28. They're susceptible to flea anemia

Flea infestations are a common problem in kittens because most of the best flea treatments for cats can’t be applied to a young kitten until they’ve reached 12 weeks of age. Until then, they’re vulnerable to parasites and anemia, a result of fleas biting the skin and feeding on a kitten’s blood. It’s vital you seek medical help for your kitten straight away if you suspect they may have fleas. 

29. Kittens spend most of their time sleeping

If you think the 12-16 hours adult cats spend sleeping is a lot, just wait until you welcome a new kitten into your family. Because there’s so much growth and development happening in those first six months of a kitten’s life, expect your little one to spend at least 20 hours a day snoozing. 

30. A kitten's heart beats at least twice as fast as a human heart

A human heart will beat around 60 to 100 times per minute (depending on a person’s age, activity level, and overall health) while a kitten’s heart will beat between 160 to 200 times per minute. 

31. Kittens are like sponges

No, you can’t clean with them but kittens are like sponges in the way they absorb everything that’s going on around them. From birth until the age of 12 weeks is a particularly important time for kittens when they’re taking in a lot of new information, including how to walk, eat, groom themselves, and use a litter box. 

32. Kittens see differently than we do

Kittens and cats have a very different vision to humans. Their long-distance vision is not anywhere near as good as ours and so unless they’re up close to an object, most things are going to look quite blurry. 

However, while they have a small range of sharp vision, where kittens and cats excel is in their field of vision, which is much wider than ours. They can also see much better in low light than we can thanks to how wide their pupils can expand. 

We also have a helpful guide on bringing home a new kitten.

If you’ve just welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family, then reading up on ways to raise a happy and healthy kitten is likely high on your priority list. Cute, cuddly, and oh-so-soft, kittens are irresistible, so it’s no wonder you want to start their life off on the right paw to keep them around for as long as possible.

While there are some obvious things you can do to nurture your little one’s physical and mental well-being, like investing in the best kitten food and toys, there are plenty of other ways to ensure your kitten thrives that you may not have thought of — like brushing their teeth, for example! 

It can be easy to feel overwhelmed with all the things to consider when you get a new kitten but rest assured, all of the tips on this list have been chosen for their simplicity, meaning you’re not going to have to spend a lot of time or money to give your feline friend the best start in life. 

So, without further ado, here are our favorite ways to raise a happy and healthy kitten (spoiler alert: number eight is a game-changer!)

1. Spend lots of time playing with them

Learning how to play with a cat is one of the most important things you can do when it comes to raising a happy and healthy bundle of fluff. Kittens learn so much through play, including boundaries and communication, and regular sessions with the best kitten toys also provide them with an outlet to express their natural hunting instincts. Playing with your little fur friend is also a wonderful way to strengthen your bond — just in case you need an extra reason! 

2. Invest in good nutrition

You don’t need to spend a fortune when it comes to kitten food as there are a lot of reputable brands out there offering products at an affordable price. However, what you do want to check is the ingredient label to ensure that whatever food you select is high in protein and fat — two macronutrients kittens require a lot of to ensure their brains and bodies have the fuel needed to grow.

3. Train them

When it comes to kitten training tips, there’s one we always recommend — start early! Whether you’re wanting to socialize them, teach them to use their litter box, or train them not to scratch the couch, don’t get sidetracked by how cute your kitten is in their early days. Instead, remember that you’re going to have your feline friend for the rest of their life, so take steps early to ensure they know what’s expected of them. 

4. Never punish your kitten

It’s really important that you don’t punish your kitten if they make a mistake. Cats don’t respond well to negative reinforcement, so speaking harshly, tapping them on the nose or squirting them with water, will only damage your bond. Instead, when your kitten does something you do like and want them to repeat, be sure to positively reinforce the behavior with praise and the best kitten treats.

5. Make gradual introductions

If you have other household pets, introducing them slowly can help everyone get used to each other without too much pressure. Keeping them in separate rooms initially and then gradually bringing your pets together for supervised meetings can be a wonderful way to help them get off on the right foot. Check out guides on how to introduce a kitten to a cat that has lots of useful tips to ensure things run smoothly. 

When it comes to children, we also recommend making introductions slowly so as not to overwhelm your kitten. It can be worth having a chat with your child about how to behave respectively around their new friend to maximize the chances of everyone getting along. 

6. Slowly get them used to touch

Gently pet your kitten on their belly, legs, paws, and chin as this will help them to learn that touch is safe. The more gentle touches you give them, the more your little fur friend will trust you — it’s also a wonderful way to start them off on the path to healthy socialization.

7. Brush them regularly

Start brushing your kitten with one of the best cat brushes, as soon as you’ve welcomed them into your family as this will help to normalize the process and prevent problems later on. 

This is especially important for long-haired breeds whose fur is prone to mats and tangles. It’s also well worth adopting the same approach with their teeth. Use a finger brush and some pet toothpaste to get your kitten used for dental care. 

8. Hold your kitten often

Not only is holding your kitten regularly a wonderful way to strengthen your relationship and show them that you love them, but it will also be a real lifesaver down the road. Getting your kitten used to being handled will help make vet examinations easier and you’ll also find that getting them into their carrier or giving them a flea treatment or oral medication is a much simpler process if they’re used to being held. 

9. Clip their claws

It’s worth introducing nail clipping to your kitten’s routine at a young age to help them get used to it and teach them that the clippers are nothing to fear. You’ll soon get a feel for how often their nails need trimming, but if they’re a purely indoor cat, it’s worth doing them every two weeks. Using one of the best cat nail clippers, will help this job easier for you both. 

Well-clipped claws will prevent your kitten’s nails from getting stuck in the carpet and will minimize the damage done to your couch if they decide to use it as a scratching post! 

10. Give them unconditional love

Believe it or not, our kittens struggle with many of the same issues we do, including stress, anxiety, and depression. Providing them with lots of love, affection, and attention can help buffer against these issues and ensure they grow up to be happy, healthy, and well-adjusted cats.

11. Talk softly

Kittens have incredibly sensitive ears, so speaking softly is important as this helps them to get acclimated to the sound of human voices. If you have young and energetic children, remind them to use a gentle voice when they’re spending time with their little fur friend. 

12. Respect their boundaries

Yes, kittens have boundaries too! Just like us humans, your feline family member will have certain things that they like and dislike and will often communicate these preferences using cat body language. For example, your kitten may love curling up next to you but become tense if you try to place them in your lap or carry them around the house in your arms. Become an expert on your kitten and watch your relationship go from strength to strength. 

13. Get them vaccinated 

Keeping up to date with cat and kitten vaccinations is one of the best things you can do to ensure your feline friend thrives throughout their life. If you’re not sure which vaccinations your kitten requires and how often they need to have them, speak to your vet who will be more than happy to advise you. 

Having the best pet insurance can help offset some of these costs. 

14. Socialize, socialize, socialize

Learning how to socialize a kitten will ensure you’re able to provide your little bundle of fluff with everything they need during this important phase in their development. While a lot of this process will happen before they even leave their littermates, you can continue socializing them at home around adults, children and other pets. 

15. Clean their litter box regularly

When it comes to how to litter train a kitten, one of our top tips for setting yourself (and your fur friend!) up for success is to ensure you clean their litter box frequently and fill it with the best cat litter. 

Cats and kittens prefer a clean restroom and we can’t say we blame them, so scooping out their litter box daily and giving it a gentle wash with warm water once a week will keep your kitten happy. 

16. Always have fresh water available

Dehydration in cats and kittens can be a real problem as unlike dogs, they aren’t as good at frequenting their water bowl. Encourage your kitten to drink by always having multiple sources of fresh water available and if you find they won’t drink from a bowl, try a water fountain and see if the clean, running water entices them. 

17. Keep a close eye on your kitten

Kitten not eating? Refusing to play? Sleeping more than you think they should or hiding away? Because cats tend to be very good at hiding when they’re unwell, it’s vital to keep a close eye on your young kitten and if you notice any changes in behavior, take them to the vet for a checkup. 

It is also worth reading up on the most common illnesses in cats so that you are aware of any possible symptoms. 

18. Get them spayed or neutered 

We highly recommend neutering your pet as soon as your kitten is old enough for you to do so. Cats that are fixed won’t go into heat, can’t get pregnant, and are far less likely to fight — so neutering is one of the best things you can do when it comes to keeping your kitten healthy.

19. Make sure they're protected against parasites

Fleas can cause all sorts of health problems for your kitten, including anemia (blood loss) and skin inflammation. Aside from that, there’s the physical discomfort of being bitten all day long, which can cause your kitten to constantly bite and scratch their fur to try and seek relief. Ensuring you treat your kitten with the best flea treatments for cats will help keep those pesky parasites at bay.  

20. Kitten-proof your home

While our homes may not seem dangerous to us, it’s amazing how many common items we all have lying around that can pose a risk to our kittens. Things like cables (which can be chewed on), flowers and plants (many of which are toxic), and plastic bags (which pose a choking hazard) all have the potential to cause a problem for curious paws. Be sure to read up on different ways to kitten proof your home to give yourself peace of mind that your kitty will be safe while playing around the house. 

21. Provide them with a place to scratch

If you want to know how to keep cats from scratching furniture, investing in a quality scratching post that you can introduce to your kitten as soon as you welcome them into your home is one of our top tips. 

Giving your kitty a designated scratching space won’t just ensure you save your precious furniture from being covered in claw marks, but it will also let them keep their nails in tip-top condition, all while providing them with a great stretch. 

22. Make sure they have a comfortable bed

Do kittens sleep a lot? You bet they do! For the first three months of their lives, kittens sleep for a minimum of 18-20 hours a day, and even when they’re fully grown, adult cats will still spend 12-16 hours a day snoozing. So a cozy and comfy bed will be much appreciated! 

This is particularly important for kittens as it gives them a quiet spot to retreat to when they’re feeling the need for some alone time or they’re just in need of recharging. After all, growing into a big cat is a very tiring business! 

23. Give them time to adjust

It’s not easy going from being with your mother and littermates 24/7 to being thrust into a new environment with people, sounds, sights, and smells you’ve never experienced before. Give your kitten plenty of time to get used to this new normal and don’t rush to form a strong bond with them, all of that will come as you both get to know each other. 

24. Brush their teeth

We highly recommend brushing your kitten’s teeth once a day and continuing this into adulthood. Just like us, our feline friends need help to decrease plaque and prevent tartar from building up and while it may take a bit of time to get them used to having this done, you’ll soon find it easy once they’ve got used to the process. You can start with a gentle finger brush to get them used to the sensation and gradually work your way up to a kitten-friendly toothbrush.

25. Watch for common kitten health problems

Ideally, when you adopt a new kitten they’ll be completely fit and well and you won’t need to be worried about any health issues. However, some problems tend to appear relatively frequently in young kittens that are worth being aware of, such as upper respiratory infections, ear mites, diarrhea, and intestinal parasites. If you suspect your kitten might be unwell, it’s worth booking an appointment with your vet who will be able to give them a thorough checkup.

26. Provide comfort while you're away

Even with a new kitten in the family, you still likely have a lot of other commitments that you need to deal with on a day-to-day basis, which means you won’t always be able to be available for your new fur friend. 

On those days when you’re needing to be out of the house a lot, it can be helpful to leave lots of comforting items around for your kitten. Their favorite toys, a cozy blanket, and even something with your scent on it can all make them feel safe and secure until you return. 

27. Get them microchipped 

There are so many benefits to getting your kitten microchipped, but the biggest one is ensuring that the two of you can be speedily reunited should your pet get lost or stolen. Although there is an initial cost that comes with this process, microchips last a lifetime, so once you’ve had it done you have peace of mind for the rest of your kitten’s life. 

28. Avoid being overprotective 

We know, it’s so hard not to want to keep your kitten in your arms all the time when you first get them to stop anything bad from happening — but it’s vital that you resist this temptation and give your kitten some freedom. 

Your kitten’s new surroundings may unnerve them at first, but slowly getting them used to new sounds, sights, and smells will ensure they grow up to be comfortable around all sorts of common sensory stimuli. 

29. Restrict their space to begin with

When it comes to welcoming a kitten into your home, we’re huge fans of what we call the ‘slow release’. A new environment likely has your fur friend feeling both curious and excited as well as confused and scared — all of which is completely normal. To avoid overwhelming them with too much too soon, keep your kitten confined to one room for the first few days and then gradually allow them to explore more of their new home. 

30. Let them rest

Kittens need a lot of rest to allow their bodies to do the vital work of growing them into an adult cat. Don’t be alarmed if your kitten sleeps up to 20 hours a day (and possibly even more!) in those initial weeks and months of having them in your family, waking for short bursts to eat and play, this is nothing to worry about. As your kitten gets older, they’ll be able to keep their eyes open for longer periods of time, although expect them to still sleep for 50-70% of the day!

31. Provide soft toys when they're teething

The kitten teething phase starts around three months of age and is usually finished by the time your little one is six months old. During this period, your kitten will lose their 26 baby teeth and replace them with 30 adult chompers. Because this can be a painful time, most kittens will chew excessively on anything and everything they can get their paws on as a way of relieving the discomfort they’re experiencing. You can help make this process easier for them (and save your furniture in the process!) by investing in a few of the best kitten teething toys to soothe sore gums.

32. Offer plenty of mental enrichment activities

While it’s important that your kitten gets plenty of physical exercise, it’s equally vital that their brains get a regular workout each day. Providing your feline friend with lots of mental stimulation is wonderful for banishing boredom, reducing stress and anxiety, and preventing undesirable behaviors. Puzzle toys and the best interactive cat toys are some great traditional options, but you can also organize treasure hunts using treats and play games like hide and seek and even fetch! 

You might also find this guide helpful: Bringing home a new kitten.

While age is the most obvious factor that distinguishes a cat from a kitten, several other factors separate immature and mature cats. These factors can be important considerations when someone is choosing between adopting a kitten or an adult cat. Understanding these differences is also crucial when assessing the physical and behavioral milestones of a developing kitten. 

This can also be helpful when you getting your home ready for your new pet. Knowing whether to get the best kitten food or the best cat food. 

In this guide, we’ll cover a range of differences between a kitten and a cat. Read on to learn more. 

32 differences between a kitten and a cat

1. Cats are fully mature 

While sexual maturity occurs at around 4-6 months of age, cats don’t reach full physical and social maturity until they’re between 12-24 months old. You’ll likely notice kitten-like behavior in many cats until they reach 2 years old. 

2. Kittens have less developed reflexes

Cats are famous for their wicked-fast reflexes. This ability develops over time, however, and kittens have slower reaction times than their adult counterparts. They become markedly quicker in their reaction time around eight to ten weeks of age as the fast-twitch muscles become more developed 

3. Kittens are less territorial 

In general, kittens don’t tend to exhibit the territorialness that some adult cats display toward other household pets. When raising a kitten, it’s crucial to provide consistent positive social interactions with other animals to help them become comfortable sharing their space in adulthood. 

One thing to consider when you’re getting a kitten though, or even if you have an adult cat is setting up a space in your home that is solely theirs. This will help them feel more comfortable and have a place to go if they feel overwhelmed.  

4. Kittens don’t have a fully developed immune system 

Until kittens reach six months of age, their immune system isn’t fully developed. This means young kittens are more susceptible to developing infections. Their bodies are also less capable of fighting off infections compared to healthy adults.  

5. Newborn kittens depend on mother’s milk to fend off disease 

The first milk produced after birth is called colostrum. This milk contains essential antibodies that help protect newborn kittens against infection while their immune system develops. The antibodies present in colostrum help protect kittens for six weeks or more. 

6. Newborn kittens’ eyes aren’t fully open right away  

Kittens are born with their eyes not fully developed. Their eyes can begin to open around day two, but they aren’t fully opened until the kitten is between about eight and 12 days old.  

7. While adult cats can feature a range of eye colors, young kittens have blue eyes  

The vast majority of kittens are born with blue eyes. This is because they initially lack pigment production in their irises. At about six weeks of age, pigmentation of the iris occurs. At this point, your kitten’s eyes may turn green, yellow, brown, hazel, copper, gold, or orange. Some breeds retain blue eyes into adulthood.  

8. While adults can regulate their body temperature, newborn kittens can not

Under four weeks of age, newborn kittens are unable to regulate their body temperature (thermoregulation). This means they are highly dependent on their mother for warmth. Rescues who take in young orphaned kittens must provide an external source of heat to prevent hypothermia, according to the UC Davis Veterinary Medicine. 

9. Adult cats are typically larger than kittens 

While breed sizes vary, an adult cat will always be larger than a kitten of the same breed. The Singapura is the smallest house cat breed, weighing between four to six pounds at maturity. The largest domesticated house cat breed, the Maine coon, weighs up to about 20 pounds at maturity. An adult Singapura will still outweigh an eight-week-old Maine coon kitten. 

10. Kittens tend to be more boisterous than adult cats

Like many baby mammals, kittens are typically quite playful and rambunctious, so having some of the best kitten toys around is a must. This is especially true once they reach six to eight weeks of age. Some kittens maintain the same intensity of boisterous behaviors into adulthood, especially if they are a high energy cat breed, but most kittens calm down somewhere around nine to 12 months of age. 

11. Kittens need more fat in their diet

For the first four to six weeks of their life, kittens depend on their mother’s milk or a formulated substitute. They are typically weaned between eight to ten weeks of age. Kittens that weaned require much more calorically dense and higher-fat food than adult cats. An eight-week-old kitten generally requires about 60-65 calories per pound per day and of course, extra space for some of the best kitten treats.  

12. Adult cats have a lower calorie requirement 

Compared to a developing kitten, mature cats have lower daily caloric requirements. They also require food less high in fat. Adult cats, on average, need about 20-35 calories per pound per day, many of the best dry cat food can help you meet your cat’s caloric needs. The specific amount depends on the overall health and activity level of your cat. 

13. Young kittens need to eat more often 

“How often should I feed my kitten,” is a question many kitten parents have wondered. For kittens between two to three months of age, a kitten typically needs to eat four to five meals per day. At three to six months, this rate drops to three meals per day. If you are unsure about which kitten food is best you can always check with your vet.

Once they reach six months old, most kittens eat the same number of times as fully mature cats, around two meals per day. 

14. Cats sleep less than kittens  

On average, a newborn kitten sleeps a whopping 22 hours per day. Between eight to 12 weeks of age, they need about 20 hours of sleep. By six months old, kittens are sleeping about 18 hours per day on average. Adult cats, in comparison, snooze about 16 hours per day. So investing in one of the best cat beds is key to helping your kitty get the best sleep possible. 

15. Kittens require more vaccinations 

Beginning at six weeks, your kitten should receive their first of four doses of the FVRCP (Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia) vaccine. This immunization protects against feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), feline calicivirus, and feline panleukopenia. They should also receive three doses of the feline leukemia vaccine beginning at eight weeks of age, and a rabies vaccine between 12-16 weeks old. These vaccines will help protect them against some of the most common illnesses in cats. 

16. Healthy adult cats don’t require vaccinations as often  

In comparison to the frequent vaccination schedule for kittens, healthy adult cats require much less frequent immunizations. At one year old, they typically receive a series of boosters. After that, adult cats generally receive core vaccines once every 3 years. With all the vaccinations that a cat requires from kittenhood, it is worth looking into some of the best pet insurance to help with the costs.

17. Kittens are often less agile  

As kittens grow, they must develop their balancing skills through play and exploration. Having some of the best automated cat toys can help your kitten bolster these skills. If you have a kitten and a mature cat in your home, you may notice the kitten is less coordinated. Through practice, they develop the skills necessary to successfully pull off the acrobatic feats house cats are so well known for, like climbing to the top of the best cat scratching posts. 

18. Adult cats require less supervision than kittens 

As a general rule, mature cats tend to require less supervision than youngsters. Kittens love to explore their environment, and this is important for healthy brain and body development. However, their increased playfulness and motivation to explore every nook and cranny require more attention from human guardians. Equipping your home with some of the best interactive cat toys can keep your kitten from getting into too much trouble.  

19. Adult cats are often calmer than kittens 

While your kitten may want to climb up your leg, claw the furniture, and chew on a range of potentially dangerous or fragile items, well-rounded adult cats tend to be more mellow. If, however, your adult cat doesn’t consistently have core enrichment and social needs met, they may exhibit destructive and restless behaviors. We recommend having the best cat trees can help minimize these behaviors.  

20. Kittens may be more active at night   

Are cats nocturnal? Possibly. While kittens need a ton of sleep, they are more likely to be active and boisterous at night compared to adults. This is also true of adolescent cats. A mature, well-adjusted cat is more likely to sync with the activity schedule of their human guardians. 

21. Kittens can have more risky pregnancies   

While a cat doesn’t reach full maturity until 12-18 months old, they can become pregnant as young as four months of age. A pregnancy can put much more strain on a young cat’s body as she is still developing. This can result in complications during the pregnancy and birth. 

22. An adult cat is often more independent  

Compared to kittens, adult cats are often more independent. They are less likely to be constantly underfoot or request as much attention. Of course, some adult cats are still quite adamant about staying right next to their person. But in general, kittens need more intentional, consistent interactions with their human guardians.  

23. Kittens have shorter attention spans 

When teaching your kitten cues, it’s important to understand that they have shorter attention spans compared to mature cats. Positive reinforcement training should only last a couple of minutes per session until your kitten reaches about four months old. Sessions should be short, fun, and full of play and scrumptious treats. It’s best to incrementally increase training time and move at your kitten’s pace. 

24. Kittens form and lose baby teeth before developing adult teeth 

Like humans, newborn kittens are born without teeth. At around three weeks of age, their primary set (or deciduous) of 26 milk teeth begins to form. At roughly 12 weeks old, kittens lose their baby teeth. In their place, they develop 30 permanent, or adult, teeth. They fully form their adult teeth by about six months old. Try out some of the best kitten teething toys to help ease any discomfort and give your kitten something to nibble on while those teeth break through. 

25. Newborn kittens can’t hear  

While adult, healthy cats have fully formed ears, kittens are born with their ears folded. They are unable to hear until their ears start to unfold at about five days old. At this time, they can begin to hear sounds. By three weeks old, their ears are fully unfolded and point upwards. Hearing is fully developed by six weeks of age.  

26. Newborn kittens don’t clean themselves  

While adult cats groom themselves, kittens under four weeks of age are reliant on their mothers to stay clean. Self and mutual grooming begins to develop around four weeks of age and continues into adulthood. Although they may still enjoy a nice grooming session from the human with one of the best cat brushes. 

27. Adult cats are better at climbing 

Adult cats are typically well adapted to climbing trees and grippy vertical structures. Kittens don’t start climbing in earnest until they are about seven weeks old. At this age, you typically notice a spike in energy levels, jumping, climbing, and running. It takes them many weeks of practice to become adept in agility. 

28. Young kittens don’t hunt 

In general, domesticated house cats are extremely skilled hunters. However, they typically don’t develop a drive to hunt until they’re about six to seven weeks old and this skill isn’t entirely innate. Instead, they acquire and hone hunting techniques by watching and imitating their mother and other adult cats. 

29. Young kittens have sharper teeth

The primary set of teeth is sharper than those of adults. Until kittens fully develop their adult teeth at around six months of age, you’ll typically notice that their play bites are more piercing. These baby teeth are also generally more translucent than adult teeth. 

30. Adult cats primarily meow to communicate with humans  

While kittens meow to gain attention from their mother and human caregivers, adult cats rarely meow when communicating with other cats. Instead, they primarily only meow when seeking attention from humans. 

31. Newborn kittens don’t walk  

While adult cats are known for their gracefulness and agile gait, newborn kittens aren’t able to walk. It isn’t until about three weeks old that they begin to take their first shaky steps. By about five weeks old, they typically start to walk much more confidently.  

32. Adult cats can be more difficult to socialize 

Compared to kittens, adult cats can struggle more with socialization and novel environments. The prime socialization period occurs during kittenhood, between two to seven weeks of age. Undersocialized adult cats are absolutely capable of adjusting to new environments and social interactions, but the process typically takes more time and incremental steps.  

If you've just welcomed a new fur friend into your family, you're likely on the hunt for some simple and effective ways to kitten proof your home. While having a kitten in the house can bring so much joy, these little bundles of fluff have a tendency to get into mischief — which is why doing what you can to keep them safe is so important.

Alongside stocking up on the best kitten food and toys, you'll want to go through your house with a fine-toothed comb and look at anything in your current set-up that may prove to be a hazard. We often don't think about it when we don't have pets, but things like loose wires and cords, plastic bags, and craft supplies all have the potential to be dangerous to curious paws!

There are so many things to consider when you get a kitten, but prioritizing kitten-proofing your home is top of the list. To help make that job as quick and painless as possible, we've put together this handy guide with everything you need to know.

1. Secure cables and wires

Just like babies and other animals, kittens explore the world with their mouths and nothing is more tempting than an electrical cable that they can sink their teeth into! Kittens are very drawn to things that they can make move with their paws, so to prevent them from being electrocuted, secure cables with products designed for that purpose.

2. Keep the toilet seat down

Kittens and cats aren't naturally big drinkers. Unlike their canine cousins who'll often lap up lots of water at once, our feline friends prefer to drink smaller amounts across the day — and they're always on the lookout for a new water source, regardless of whether it's clean or not! An obvious place for them is the toilet bowl, so be sure to keep the lid down as there is also the risk they may fall in and drown. Instead, invest in the best pet water fountain to encourage them to stay hydrated.

3. Lock away household chemicals

It's really important to keep all cleaning products (especially those containing bleach) out of reach of your kitten. Even if they don't attempt to take a sip from the cleaning solution in your bucket or sink, the fumes alone can cause distress to their very delicate respiratory system.

4. Keep sharp objects out of reach

It's important to go through your home with a fine-toothed comb and store away any sharp objects that could potentially pose a threat to your kitten. Think of things like razors, scissors, needles, safety pins, and items that could break into small and sharp pieces. Unfortunately, some kittens will attempt to chew on or swallow these items and if they obstruct the intestines, they could require surgery.

5. Know which plants and flowers are toxic

There are a surprising number of house plants and flowers that are toxic to kittens and cats — including Cheese Plant, Rubber Plant, Peace Lily, Lilies, Poinsettia, Ivy, Orchids, Money Tree, Yucca plants, Aloe — just to name a few! If you have a feline friend, we recommend you avoid having these in your home. Check out a guide on how to stop a cat from eating plants if you want to keep your indoor jungle from being chewed.

6. Some human foods can be dangerous

There are certain human foods that cats should never eat. Things like chocolate, coffee, and other caffeine-containing products cause increased heart rate, vomiting, and diarrhea and can even be fatal. Onions and garlic are also highly toxic and can cause severe anemia. If you'd like to treat your kitty once and a while with a table scrap or two, check out a guide to what human food can cats eat that has a list of products that are feline-friendly.

7. Kitten proof your furniture

Figuring out how to keep cats from scratching furniture is a problem that pet parents around the world are constantly trying to crack! When it comes to kitten proofing your furniture though, don't just think about the obvious items that they might scratch, you also want to consider things they'll be tempted to climb, like curtains or bookshelves. Invest in a scratching post or one of the best cat trees so that they have a suitable alternative.

8. Hot spots can be unsafe

Kittens are inquisitive and they love warm spots, that means that fireplaces and wood stoves have the potential to be viewed as a cozy place to curl up and have a nap. If you have an open fireplace, use a fireplace gate to keep your kitty away from the flames and if you have a closed log burner, ensure you monitor how much time your kitten is spending sprawled out in front of it to prevent them overheating.

9. Keep appliance doors closed

Yes, your kitten may absolutely try to take a nap in your washing machine, tumble dryer, or dishwasher if the opportunity presents itself. For that reason, keep the doors to all household appliances shut and make sure you check them before using them — just in case your little fur friend has decided it's a nice quiet spot to get some shuteye.

10. Secure all your windows

Cats love to explore and they absolutely adore looking out windows and watching the world go by. Plus, they think climbing is the best thing ever, so if a window is open, they'll happily attempt to scale to the top and use the frame as their very own perch. To prevent your kitten from escaping (or injuring themselves), keep windows closed or on a security latch.

11. Use a gate

Gates aren't just for babies and toddlers, they're also brilliant for keeping our kittens safe too! Pet gates create a barrier that can help keep your kitten away from potential hazards, like small spaces they could get stuck in, kitchen appliances, and loose wires and cords.

12. Make sure garbage cans have a lid

It's really important to keep all the trash cans in your home covered — this includes the kitchen and the bathroom. Kittens and cats will often try to investigate things they shouldn't and the last thing you want is them eating food that's toxic or swallowing a piece of dental floss.

13. Keep any sewing supplies out of reach

Sewing may seem like a harmless hobby, but if you have a kitten in the house, it poses some very real risks. Thread and buttons can easily be ingested and cause blockages in the stomach and pins and needles can be stood on or damage the mouth if chewed. Ensure you keep all of these things well out of reach of your kitten's paws.

14. Always pick up rubber bands and hair ties

Cats love rubber bands and hair ties because they can so easily be picked up with their paws and tossed about. However, these items have the potential to be dangerous if swallowed so it's best to keep them locked in a drawer, well out of reach of your curious kitten.

15. Put away plastic bags

Many kittens are very drawn to plastic bags because of the sound they make when pounced on. But plastic bags are one of the most dangerous items to leave lying around because if your kitten gets inside one, they could easily suffocate. They may also chew and swallow pieces of plastic, which will likely require a trip to the vet, so keep them well out of reach.

16. Check for Styrofoam 

With online shopping so convenient these days, many of us go through periods of having a steady stream of boxes turning up at our house. Depending on the item you've ordered, these boxes may contain Styrofoam or packing "peanuts", which are designed to keep your items from being damaged in transit. Unfortunately, these aren't safe for kittens. If ingested they have the potential to be a choking hazard, and if they do make it down the throat and into the stomach, they can cause blockages.

17. Use kitten-safe holiday decorations

Christmas can be such a beautiful time of year with all those lights and decorations, but there are potential hazards you want to be aware of. Things like tinsel, glass ornaments, holly, and mistletoe can all be dangerous, as can wrapping paper, ribbons, and lights, so be sure to keep these out of reach and if need be, put a pet gate around your Christmas tree.

18. Secure bookshelves to the wall

If you have a bookshelf, we highly recommend you secure it to a wall. Cats are natural-born climbers and love to be up high, so to stop tall furniture from toppling over, secure it using brackets and zip ties.

19. Office and craft supplies can be dangerous

Your kitten will be in heaven if it walks into your home office or craft room. We mean, what's not to like? Rubber bands, pens and pencils, paper clips, push pins, balls of wool, beads of every color, glitter, and all sorts of other sparkly, shiny, and irresistible objects just waiting to be explored. All of these can cause internal damage if swallowed, so keep the doors to these rooms closed when you're not in there and all dangerous objects secured in containers or drawers.

20. Tie up curtain cords

There are few things more irresistible to a young kitten than a dangling curtain cord — they're just hanging there waiting to be pawed, nibbled on, and possibly even climbed! However, cords have the potential to get wrapped around your kitten's neck, so always make sure they're tied back and secured.

21. Put away breakables

Kittens are curious little creatures and they love exploring, which means they tend to get into absolutely everything! If you have precious, breakable items in your home (on your bookshelf, dresser, or coffee table), consider relocating these to a space where your little fur friend can't access them.

22. Keep candles out of reach

There are so many potential hazards around the home, but because we're so used to using certain items with care, we don't always think about them being dangerous to inquisitive paws and whiskers. Candles are a great example. Many cats find flames super captivating and will decide that the flickering light is well worth investigating. Always supervise your kitten around candles and other heat sources to prevent them from burning themselves.

23. Make sure your medication is inaccessible

Just like with young children, medications designed for adult humans can be lethal for kittens. Always store all prescription drugs (and all-natural remedies too) in a secure cupboard where your kitten can't gain access to them.

24. Take care when using essential oils

Essential oils are all the rage, but are they safe for cats and kittens? While they can be very calming for humans, essential oils can cause harm to our feline friends. The most toxic ones include cinnamon oil, citrus oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, tea tree oil, and clove oil, just to name a few. Coming into contact with essential oils (whether through ingesting them, getting them on their skin, or inhaling them can cause organ damage and even death. If you like using essential oils at home, keep your kitten out of the room and always wash your hands thoroughly if you have any of the oil on your skin.

25. Get all of your family on the same page

When it comes to kitten-proofing your home, one of the most important things you can do to set yourself up for success is to ensure everyone in your family is on the same page. That means being super consistent with training your kitten and the rules they're expected to follow. If one person says it's okay to scratch the furniture or jump on the kitchen countertops and five minutes later someone else tells your kitten off, they're going to get very confused about what they are and aren't allowed to do. Make sure everyone is singing from the same song sheet and you'll find your kitten learns the ropes a lot quicker.

26. Kitten proof your balcony

If you live in an apartment and have a balcony, you'll want to make sure it's a safe and enjoyable space for your kitten. Remove any toxic plants, use cat nets to make sure your little fur friend can't escape, create some shade, and furnish your balcony with a cat tree to give your kitten somewhere to sprawl out and relax.

27. Keep the doors to your garage closed

Inquisitive kittens can easily get stuck in garages if they follow you in and you leave and close the door without realizing they're in there. We also tend to store a lot of toxic products in the garage — anti-freeze is particularly dangerous because it smells very sweet and yet it's deadly if ingested. Keep your garage door locked at all times and always clean up spills to ensure your kitten stays safe.

28. Use animal-safe pest control

Many commercial pest-control products are lethal to kittens, so you want to make sure you're choosing animal-safe methods for treating roaches, rodents, and ants. Mothballs are also highly toxic if sniffed or eaten, so if you're using these in your house, keep them in cupboards and drawers that your kitten can't gain access to.

29. If your kitten will be allowed outdoors, make sure your yard is free of hazardous materials

If you've decided that your kitten will be allowed outdoors and you have a garden, you're going to want to kitten-proof this as well. Make sure your yard is free of snail pellets, rodent traps, chemical herbicides, and poisonous plants, or consider investing in one of the best outdoor cat enclosures — these are designed to give your kitten access to nature but in a safe and secure space that they can't escape from.

30. Purchase and install kitten-friendly equipment

One effective way to kitten-proof your home is to invest in lots of kitten-friendly equipment. Think of the best cat bed that they can curl up in when they need a snooze, one of the best cat scratching posts that offers them a good stretch and a tall perch that they can use to survey their kingdom. And one of the best parts about these items is you don’t have to buy them separately! Cat trees combine all of these elements and are wonderful for keeping cats of all ages and stages entertained and occupied.

31. Offer plenty of mental and physical enrichment

One of the best ways to occupy curious minds and active bodies is to invest in plenty of kitten-friendly equipment. The best interactive cat toys and puzzle feeders in particular offer a lot of mental and physical stimulation for our feline friends, but equally important is choosing a good quality scratching post so that your kitten can have a big stretch and sharpen their claws is fantastic for their wellbeing too!

32. Create a kitten-safe space

It can be really helpful to have a comfortable, quiet and secure space that your kitten can spend time in when you're not able to supervise them or they need a rest. You can choose a specific room for this or consider investing in a suitable playpen or crate that you can pop your kitten in. Wherever you choose to set up this space, ensure you furnish it with some cozy blankets and a few toys to make it feel like home.

Enjoyed this? Read: Bringing home a new kitten and new kitten checklist

Kittens require lots of love, attention and toys to play around with. Although, you may find that they will choose their own toys around the house that you might not necessarily want them playing with. 

Things like breed, how much space you have, and whether or not you already have other pets in the house are just a few things you may want to consider before adding a kitten to your home. Here are 32 tips and some sound advice for this new adventure.

1. Type of Breed

Whether you think you’ve been reading up on facts about Siamese cats or an American Shorthair, the type of kitten is something very important to consider. Each different breed will have its own unique needs when it comes to care. Some will prefer more stimulating environments such as the Burmese who are filled with curiosity. Others will need physical activity such as the Abyssinian. 

2.  How much time you spend at home

A new kitten will be happier when close to its new family so it’s worth reading up on how long you can leave a cat alone. So being able to dedicate some time to bonding with your new bud, at least in the beginning will make a big difference. 

3.  First impressions matter 

Introducing your new furry friend to other animal friends in the house can be a big change for pets you may already have. Things like allowing new animals to become familiar with each other’s scent and encouraging positive interactions are crucial when adding a new furry friend to your home. It’ll be well worth reading up on how to introduce a kitten to a cat if you already have a pet at home.

4.  Kitten-proof your house 

It may be helpful to kitten-proof your home ahead of time. Putting away anything you won’t want your kitten to mess around with or knock over. 

5.  Choose a vet 

 You’ll be spending a good amount of time in the beginning at the vet, getting vaccinations and check-ups done. So finding a vet that you are happy and comfortable with is key. We also recommend taking the time preparing for your kitten’s first vet visit so you know what to expect. 6.

6.  Make dedicated playtime 

Kittens may be tiny but they are packed full of energy and will love some time playing around with you. You may wonder how to play with a kitten but rest assured that there are endless games and activities you can do with your new friend. 

7.  Supplies, supplies, supplies 

 Maybe an obvious tip, but you’ll want to make sure that you have everything you need before welcoming your new kitten into your home. Everything from the best kitten toys to litter boxes, having everything ready to go will make the transition easier for everyone.  8. 

8.  Litter train 

 You’ll want to dedicate some time and effort to from the start. Getting the right supplies together and a plan of action will help set you and your kitten up for success.   

9.   Type of food 

 Kittens will require a different type of food than older cats at first. At this stage of your kitten’s life, they will require a different ratio of protein and fats. So finding the best kitten food will be super important.   

10.  Make a dedicated kitty space 

 This space will serve as your kitten’s main area. In this space, you can add things like toys or a food and water bowl. This cozy space can even include a cat bed for your new kitten to feel at home in.  

11.  Invest in climbing equipment 

 This can be set up in your kitten’s dedicated space or anywhere else in the home. Climbing posts or other cat playground ideas can help your kitty burn off extra energy and meet their need for exploring.  

12.  Choose a cat carrier 

 
You will need something to transport your new friend home and to the vet. So investing in a quality carrier is important. Things like size and safety features are just a few things you’ll want to consider when trying to find the best cat carrier for your kitten.  

13.   Introducing your kitten to children 

Whether you have a baby or older children, you’ll want to take care in how you introduce the newest addition to your family. With older children, you can make sure to talk about the arrival of your new kitten. It is also worth teaching little ones that kittens may scratch and what to do if that happens. 

14.  Buying or adopting  

 It is also worth considering if you want to adopt a kitten from a shelter or a breeder. Factors that go into this decision could be if there was a particular breed of cat you wanted, or if you would rather offer a home to a kitten without one, you may choose to adopt.  

15.  Is this the right time to get a kitten? 

You’ll want to be sure that this is a relatively calm time in your life. Bringing in a new pet requires a lot of time and attention. If there are already big life changes happening for you, you may want to wait a little longer before bringing home a new kitten.

16.  Decide on a type of collar 

 We recommend using a collar for your kitten with a tag included. Tags should include your name and address, especially if your kitten will grow into a cat who spends time outside without you. You may also want to consider a flea collar, for those pesky fleas. 

17.  Find the best cat litter 

 Litter is litter, right? Not necessarily, you have the choice between scented or unscented. The material can be clay, wood, or paper and so on. There are endless options when you’re talking about types of cat litter. You’ll want to be sure to carefully consider what is the best cat litter for your kitten. 

18.  Kittens need a lot of sleep 

 Kittens spend almost 90% or around 20 hours of their day sleeping. You don’t need to worry about how much they are sleeping unless they seem to have low energy levels when they are awake. You can also stay near your kitten while they are sleeping to help them feel safe and secure.  

19.  The kitten’s previous home 

 If you are purchasing a kitten from a breeder or someone else you know, it is important to know how the kitten and its mother were living prior. If they were both well looked after and had good living conditions, generally the kitten will be healthy and transition well to its new home.  

20.  Pet insurance 

 Trips to the vet can add up quickly. From basic health checks to vaccinations, having pet insurance will be vital to help offset these costs. Allow yourself some time to shop around for the best pet insurance for your new kitten. 

21.  Introducing your kitten to a dog 

 If you already have a pup around the house you’ll want to give them the chance to meet your kitten in a safe way. Allow your dog to sniff out the newcomer and get used to its scent. Creating a safe space for your kitten to be away from the dog is also a good way to give your kitten their own space so they don’t feel too overwhelmed.

22.  Kitten training

Most people have heard of puppy training, but learning how to socialize a kitten is just as important. Putting in the work to help your kitten learn social skills will help them to develop into well rounded cats as they get older.  

23.  Pet subscriptions

 A regular subscription for food and litter for example can simply your life and take a few things off your to do list. Some of the best cat subscription boxes even include fun toys and treats that your kitty will be sure to love. 

24.  One or more? 

Are you only buying one kitten or entertaining the idea of getting more than one at a time. While they will definitely enjoy the company of another feline friend, it is worth noting the additional cost in vet appointments, food and general care costs. Not to mention the additional work that will come with it, unless you are up for a fun and furry challenge. 

25.  Create and maintain a routine 

 Kittens, like many humans, thrive on routine. It creates a sense of predictability that will help your kitten feel safe and secure in their home. It will also help you and your family adjust to life with a new pet. 

26.  DIY treats 

 Not everything you purchase for your kitten has to be store bought. You can whip up tasty and nutritious treats with simple ingredients you have lying around the kitchen. Ingredients like carrots, salmon, or tuna are all you need to make the best DIY cat treats. 

27.  Outside or Inside 

Will your kitten be spending time outside or will they strictly be in the house? If you think your kitten will grow into a cat that will be outside, it could be worth getting a cat door installed along with fun equipment that your kitten can play with while getting some fresh air.  

28.  Basic grooming tools 

 Your kitten will need regular brushing, nail trimming and general grooming upkeep. To help your feline friend stay looking and feeling their best, you’ll want to invest in the best cat brush you can find.  

29.  What type of climate you live in  

 Whether you live in a warm or cold climate can determine which breed of cat will do best in your home. Cats with shorter coats may be more comfortable in hotter weather. While cats with longer or thicker coats will do better in colder climates. 

30.  Be prepared to feed them often 

 Kittens, like newborn babies, have small stomachs. They will most likely eat a little bit throughout the day. Newborn kittens up to four weeks will mainly nurse from the mother. At around eight weeks they will start a slow transition to solids that can take a couple weeks. A kitten at this age will need around four feedings a day.

31.  Cleaning litter boxes 

Getting your kitten to use the bathroom in their litter box is just half of the job. The next part will be cleaning the litter box. You will want to do this regularly to maintain a safe and sanitary environment.  

32.  Get familiar with things kittens can and can’t eat 

 While movies often show kittens drinking bowls of milk, it is not recommended for kittens as it can make them sick. Other things like human baby food, eggs, and even freshly cooked fish are safe for your kitten to consume. 

You might want to read: Bringing home a new kitten.

If you’re asking, “why does my kitten have diarrhea?” there’s a good chance it hasn’t been a one-off event. An isolated gastrointestinal issue can usually be passed off as a kitten having consumed something that hasn’t agreed with them and it’s generally nothing to worry about. But if there are other symptoms or if the diarrhea persists, then you’re going to be understandably alarmed.

Kitten diarrhea happens for many reasons and it’s a relatively common ailment. Dietary sensitivities are usually to blame but runny poop can also be due to an intestinal infection. The trick is to try and identify the cause, usually with the help of a vet if the problem continues. Diarrhea can also be prevented in some cases, often by feeding the best kitten food.

To help you best identify if you have a problem on your hands, we’ve enlisted the help of expert vet Dr Catherine Barnette. As well as explaining the things you need to watch out for, she also explores the best preventative measures.

What is kitten diarrhea?

Kitten diarrhea is poop that looks like liquid or mush. It is typically stinky and messy which is why most cat owners will want to put a stop to it quickly. Diarrhea is also a potential warning sign that your kitten is not feeling well, although it must be pointed out that not all episodes of diarrhea require immediate veterinary care.

Severe or persistent diarrhea will always warrant a visit to your veterinarian to identify and treat the underlying cause, however. At the very least, since diarrhea causes dehydration, a vet will also offer assistance in ensuring your pet becomes healthy again. 

“A single episode of soft stool in an otherwise healthy kitten can probably be monitored at home,” says Dr Barnette. “Veterinary care may only be needed if the diarrhea recurs or the kitten begins to show other signs of illness.”

Why does my kitten have diarrhea?

There are many potential causes of kitten diarrhea and they can include dietary insensitivities, toxin exposure, congenital defects, environmental stress and other underlying reasons.

Commonly, however, diarrhea is caused by one of the following, Dr Barnette says.

• Sudden diet changes. If you recently adopted your kitten and are feeding a different diet than they were eating with their breeder or at the shelter, this could potentially be a cause of your cat’s soft stools.
• Intestinal parasites: Hookworms and roundworms are common in kittens, and can be acquired during pregnancy or nursing. All kittens should be treated with dewormer every 2-3 weeks, to reduce the risk of these intestinal parasites. If your kitten has not received regular deworming, intestinal worms are a likely cause of diarrhea.
• Protozoal infections: Protozoal infections, such as Coccidia, Giardia and Tritrichomonas, can cause intestinal inflammation and diarrhea in kittens. 
• Viral infections: Kittens are susceptible to several viruses that can cause diarrhea, including panleukopenia, feline coronavirus, feline rotavirus, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus.
• Bacterial infections: Some bacteria, such as Salmonella, Clostridia, and Campylobacter, can be associated with diarrhea in kittens.

Should I be worried if my kitten has diarrhea?

Diarrhea that is associated with a diet change is often relatively mild and will resolve within a few days as your kitten becomes acclimated to their new food. But when determining how worried you need to be and how urgently you will need to seek veterinary care, Dr Barnette says there are a few factors to consider:

• Frequency: Has your kitten had a single soft bowel movement or have there been multiple episodes of diarrhea? A single episode of diarrhea isn’t necessarily concerning, but repeated episodes warrant a veterinary visit.
• Duration: How long has the diarrhea been occurring? One day of diarrhea could indicate that your kitten ate something that didn’t agree with their stomach. Diarrhea that persists over several days is more likely to suggest an underlying medical cause, and can also pose a greater dehydration risk for your kitten. 
• Consistency: Is your kitten’s stool just a bit on the soft side, or is your kitten producing large amounts of watery feces? The higher the liquid content of your kitten’s diarrhea, the more urgent it is to address the issue before your kitten becomes dehydrated. 
• Presence of other signs: Is your kitten vomiting, refusing food and water, acting lethargic, or showing other signs of illness? If so, your kitten should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. If your kitten is happy, playful, eating well, and showing no other signs of illness, it may be okay to monitor your kitten for 24 hours and see if their diarrhea resolves on its own. 

“Frequent, severe, watery diarrhea accompanied by other signs of illness should receive veterinary treatment as soon as possible,” she adds. “This may mean visiting a veterinary emergency clinic, if it is outside of your veterinarian’s normal office hours.”

How will a vet treat diarrhea?

Diarrhea that is persistent or severe requires veterinary attention. “Your veterinarian will begin by performing a thorough physical exam, palpating (feeling) your kitten’s abdomen and assessing their hydration status,” says Dr Barnette. “Next, your veterinarian will perform fecal testing to look for intestinal parasites. Depending on the severity of your kitten’s diarrhea and other clinical signs that may be present, your veterinarian might also recommend bloodwork and other diagnostic testing.”

Can kitten diarrhea go away on its own?

Diarrhea in a newly adopted kitten may be associated with environmental stress and a sudden diet change. If the diarrhea is mild and your kitten is not showing any other signs of illness, this diarrhea may resolve on its own. “In many cases, however, kitten diarrhea is associated with an infection or other underlying medical condition,” Dr Barnette adds. “Your veterinarian will perform a thorough workup to determine the cause of your kitten’s diarrhea, then recommend an appropriate treatment to address the condition.”

How can I prevent my kitten from getting diarrhea?

First of all, minimize dietary changes. Second, ensure your kitten receives regular veterinary care. Follow those two steps and you will, in many cases, prevent your kitten from getting diarrhea. 

It’s certainly important to be careful when changing cat food. “Sudden diet changes are a common cause of diarrhea in both kittens and adult cats,” Dr Barnette says. “Make dietary changes slowly and gradually, over a period of seven to 10 days.”

Dr Barnette advises adding a small amount of your kitten’s new diet to the food they were previously eating on the first day. “Gradually increase the quantity of new food while decreasing the quantity of their previous diet, aiming to feed a 50/50 mix of their old/new food by day three to five,” she adds. “Continue this gradual transition, until your kitten is eating exclusively their new food after seven to 10 days.”

Veterinary care also plays a key role in reducing kitten diarrhea. “Your kitten should see a veterinarian approximately every three weeks from the time they are six weeks old until they reach 16 weeks of age,” Dr Barnette says. “At these veterinary visits, your veterinarian will check your kitten for intestinal parasites and administer a broad-spectrum dewormer. Your veterinarian will also administer vaccines that protect against many causes of kitten diarrhea.”

Found this article informative? Then be sure to check out other related articles such as discovering the cause of a kitten not eating and 32 of the most common illness in cats.

When does a kitten become a cat? Though the transition from kittenhood to adulthood is, in many ways, a slow and gradual one, veterinarians make an important distinction when answering this question.

Kittens have different needs than adult cats, both medically and behaviorally. Nowhere is this distinction more important than in determining your cat’s dietary requirements. Kittens are growing and developing, which means that they have unique nutritional needs. Feeding the best kitten food is essential for young kittens, in order to provide them with the necessary nutrients that will allow them to grow and develop normally. 

An adult cat, however, has different dietary needs. Feeding kitten food to an adult cat can result in an entirely different set of problems. While your adult cat is unlikely to develop deficiencies due to eating kitten food, feeding kitten food to an adult cat can result in significant obesity. 

The ability to accurately identify your feline friend’s life stage plays an important role in your ability to meet their needs. 

What age is a kitten no longer a kitten?  

Your kitten will reach a number of important milestones during their first year of life. Their eyes and ears will open during the first one to three weeks of life, while they may not start walking around and using the litter box until they are three to five weeks old. Your kitten will receive a series of kitten vaccines between six and sixteen weeks of age, and they will likely be spayed or neutered at four to six months of age. During the first six months of their life, kittens experience rapid growth and development, both physically and mentally. 

While a kitten’s rate of development slows a bit after six months of age, they still have not reached adulthood. Kittens continue to grow until they are at least seven to nine months old, and many kittens may not reach their adult size until they are over one year old. 

In veterinary medicine, we consider a cat’s first birthday to be the beginning of adulthood. An 11-month old cat is a kitten, while a one-year old cat is considered to be an adult. 

Even after their first birthday, however, your cat’s development may continue, albeit at a slower pace. In fact, Maine Coons and Ragdolls can continue growing until they are four or five years old! So, just because your kitten has officially reached adulthood, that doesn’t mean that they are entirely finished growing and developing. 

How long do kittens need kitten food? 

In most cases, a cat should eat solely kitten food until their first birthday. 

Kitten food is formulated to meet the unique nutritional needs of a growing kitten. A kitten’s rapid growth and development requires a substantial quantity of calories and protein, yet kittens have a smaller stomach that limits their meal size. Therefore, kitten food is much more calorie-dense and protein-dense than adult cat food, allowing kittens to take in large quantities of calories and protein in a small kitten-sized meal. 

Kittens also require vitamins and minerals in different quantities than adult cats. For example, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that plays an essential role in supporting the development of a kitten’s brain and eyes. Adult cats do not have the same DHA requirement as young kittens, so adult cat foods often contain lower levels of DHA than kitten foods. Kittens also require specific quantities and ratios of calcium and phosphorus to promote healthy bone development, while these requirements are different for adult cats. 

While we normally recommend kitten food until a cat reaches one  year old, there are situations in which a veterinarian may recommend an early transition to adult cat food. For example, if your older kitten is obese and you are having difficulty limiting their consumption of kitten food, your veterinarian may recommend making the transition to adult cat food a few months early. However, it’s important not to transition to adult food before one year of age unless specifically instructed to do so by your veterinarian. 

When you do switch to adult food, make sure that you make the transition gradually. An abrupt food change can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues in cats. Transition from kitten food to adult cat food gradually, over the course of seven to 10 days. Add just a little bit of the new adult food to your cat’s kitten food on the first day, and then gradually increase the amount of adult food while decreasing the amount of kitten food. Aim to be feeding a 50/50 mixture of adult/kitten food by day three to five, and finally phase out all of the kitten food by day seven to 10. 

At what age do kittens calm down?  

Just like humans, cats each have a unique temperament. Some cats are easygoing and mellow, even as young kittens. Other cats are inherently high-energy, engaging in kitten-like behaviors long after they have technically reached adulthood. 

In general, your kitten should begin to show hints of their adult personality at nine to twelve months old. The extreme playfulness of kittenhood will then begin to give way to more variable personality traits, with some adult cats remaining playful and spunky while others become more willing to nap or snuggle. 

If your cat is still exceptionally playful at one year old, this is likely to be a unique personality characteristic of your cat. Your cat is likely to remain playful and active over the long haul. Some cats need more play and exercise than others, and this need may persist well into adulthood. 

Asking “when does a kitten become a cat?” is an important question in determining how to meet the needs of your feline friend. Kittens have unique medical and nutritional needs, and these needs will change as your cat reaches adulthood. While significant variation exists between individuals, a kitten is generally considered to reach adulthood at one year of age. This is the age at which you should transition your kitten from a high-quality kitten food to an adult cat food, in order to ensure that you’re meeting your cat’s nutritional needs without predisposing them to obesity or other medical issues.  

Got more feline queries? Read up on healthy weight loss for cats or perhaps you want to know how to introduce a kitten to a cat.

Knowing the answer to the question, “how much food should a kitten eat?” is important for a number of reasons. First, it will ensure you’re not at risk or overfeeding your young cats, and, second, you’re also less likely to underfeed them. Plus, you’ll be more confident that you’re providing your kitten with sufficient nutrients, ensuring they have a healthy start to life. And yet the answer isn’t as simple as you may think.

There is no “one portion fits all” when it comes to dishing out the best kitten food. It’s certainly not a case of saying you need to give a kitten a cup of food a day. Or half. Or a quarter. Or indeed two. As you will discover, the answer is more nuanced than that and it takes into account individual kittens. Larger kittens, those who are reaching adulthood and those who have medical conditions will invariably need more food than smaller, younger, less ill kitties.

Likewise, active kittens and those with a slower metabolism will need a different amount than lazier cats and those with a faster metabolism. So let’s take a look at how you can work out the best portion size with the help of expert vet Catherine Barnette and come up with a plan for working out how much food a kitten should eat. If you’re in any doubt, it’s also worth consulting your veterinarian.

How much food should a kitten eat?

According to Dr Barnette, the first important indicator for ensuring your cat is eating properly is your kitten’s age. “Young kittens need far less energy for growth than an older kitten,” she says. “Depending on the particular kitten food that you are feeding, a six-week-old kitten may eat as little as ¼ cup of food per day. In contrast, a 10-month-old kitten may require over one cup of food per day.”

The next important indicator is the nutrient density of the diet you’re feeding. “Kitten foods can differ in caloric density and nutrient concentration,” Dr Barnette said. “Just like humans have to vary food intake based on caloric density (one cup of ice cream contains far more calories than one cup of green beans!), so kitten diets are influenced by the actual food itself.”

This means, as well as knowing the top six kitten feeding tips for raising a strong and healthy cat, the best way to determine how much to feed your kitten is to review the feeding chart present on every bag or can of kitten food. This feeding chart will provide specific feeding instructions, based on your kitten’s current age and/or weight. Each food has a different feeding chart because feeding charts are calculated based on the specific food’s caloric/nutrient density.

What do kittens eat?

Rather than try and work out what kittens eat, it’s best to stick to meals made by pet food manufacturers. So long as you stick to food that is specifically formulated to be complete and balanced for your kitten's needs, you can be assured it’ll help your pet to grow up healthy and strong.

Dr Barnette says meals should adhere to the Association of American Feed Control Officials’ (AAFCO) nutritional profiles for a kitten’s three separate life stages: pregnancy/nursing, growth and maintenance.

Look for the Nutritional Adequacy Statement on the food label to see if the diet is formulated for kitten growth. This is important. You can’t give adult cat food to a kitten under a year old because it can lead to nutritional deficiencies. You can’t be tempted to feed a kitten the best wet dog food either since it’s a surefire path to potentially life-threatening taurine deficiency.

Quality is always crucial. The World Small Animal Veterinary Association recommends carefully evaluating pet food manufacturers based on whether the company employs a veterinary nutritionist, the diet is formulated by a nutritionist, the company conducts regular quality control testing and the company performs ongoing nutritional research. Consult a veterinarian if you’re not sure.

Should you feed a kitten wet or dry food?

Up to the age of four weeks, kittens should only consume their mother’s milk. After that, you should be giving a cat wet food. It’s then a matter of knowing when can kittens eat dry food and the answer is that you can allow them to gobble kibble after a few weeks. In most cases, it’s best to wait five or six weeks while also giving free access to fresh water.

How do I know when my kitten is full?

Kittens typically regulate their food intake. “They will eat when they are hungry and stop eating when they are full since young kittens have a small stomach so it’s difficult for them to eat a large amount at one time,” Dr Barnette says. You only really need to worry if you find a kitten not eating at all or eating very little. That will warrant a trip to the vet. Otherwise, divide your kitten’s recommended daily food intake into two or three smaller meals each day and you’ll find they should eat everything up.

But what if your kitten finishes their food and still appears ravenously hungry? In that case, increase the amount that you are feeding them. If you find that you are feeding significantly more than what is recommended in your food’s feeding guide and your kitten still appears hungry, talk to your veterinarian. Some medical conditions may increase your kitten’s nutrient requirements, and your veterinarian can help you determine whether additional testing is needed.

Can you overfeed a kitten?

Yes, it is possible to overfeed a kitten. Because of that, it’s important to know how often should I feed my kitten? because excessive food intake in young cats can contribute to vomiting and diarrhea. In older kittens, overfeeding can also contribute to obesity which can predispose your cat to medical conditions and shorten your cat’s lifespan. In both cases, work with your veterinarian to rule out potential gastrointestinal issues and make sure your kittens are within a healthy weight range as they move into adulthood.

Enjoyed this piece and keen to learn more about a kitten’s eating and drinking habits? Then be sure to check out why is my kitten drinking a lot of water? and why is my kitten always hungry? Or, discover the answer to can kittens eat watermelon?

How long should cats eat kitten food for? It’s a question you may be asking if you’ve recently welcomed a new little fur friend into your family. And while we’d love to be able to give you an exact age, it turns out the answer is slightly more complex!

When kittens are weaned off their mother's milk at around four to six weeks of age, they start to transition over to the best kitten food in wet format. Once their bodies have adjusted to that, many parents choose to move them over to a dry food formula. 

Whether they’re eating wet or dry, the most important thing is that they’re being nourished with food that’s been specifically designed to meet their needs. Kittens require more protein and calories to fuel their development, but eventually, their nutritional needs change. At this point, kittens need to swap to an adult diet — either the best dry cat food or a wet food alternative. 

However, when to do this will vary depending on your kitten’s breed. To help guide you through the process, we spoke to Dr. Joanna Woodnutt to get her thoughts on when you can move your kitten over to an adult diet and how to make the switch safely. 

At what age does a kitten become a cat?

The answer to this question largely depends on the type of kitten you have. "Deciding when a kitten becomes a cat isn’t simple – like humans there are many ways to look at maturity, and they don’t necessarily give the same age as a result," explains Woodnutt. 

That said, there are some generalisations. “Most people consider the one year mark to be around the point a kitten turns into a cat. In some cases, cats aged six to 12 months could be considered adult, as in most breeds they’re almost fully grown and sexually mature. However, a year tends to be the established age when a kitten turns into a cat."

Of course, as with all animals, there are some exceptions – large breeds like the Maine Coon, for example, tends to reach maturity between 18 months and two years of age. 

When can kittens eat dry food only?

Most vets recommend feeding your kitten both a dry and wet food diet because cats tend to under-consume water so wet food can help keep them hydrated.

If you want to switch them to the best dry cat food then you should speak to your vet to ensure it will be appropriate for your kitty. Generally, kittens can start to eat dry food at around three to four weeks. They are fully weaned from their mother's milk by six to eight weeks and can eat just kitten food from that time.

When to switch from kitten to cat food

During their time as kittens, cats often feed on small amounts of food frequently throughout the day so it’s a good idea to get to grips with how often you should feed your kitten? As they grow older and mature into full-grown cats, this tends to change to eating just two meals a day.

"Most cats can be safely transitioned to adult cat food once their growth has stopped. In most breeds this will be around 9-12 months of age," advises Woodnutt. "In giant breeds, you may need to leave them eating kitten food until 18 months to ensure they reach their full potential – your veterinarian will be able to advise for your individual cat. Your veterinarian may also advise feeding adult cat food to your kitten once he or she has been neutered, as neutered cats are prone to excessive weight gain and don’t need the extra calories the kitten food provides."

To avoid intestinal upset, such as diarrhea in cats, it's best to slowly swap over from the kitten food to the adult food over a few days. Consult your veterinarian for the best way to portion out the food, but it's usually a ratio of 75/25 kitten to cat food, then 50/50, then 25/75, then 100% adult formulation. Don’t suddenly change a kitten’s food. It can trigger stomach upsets.

Choosing the right food for your adult cat

Once your kitten is making the switch to the best cat food, you’ll be looking for meals that offer high-quality nutrition.

There are many questions you’ll need to ask such as whether high-quality ingredients have been used to make the food and whether the meal provides a complete and balanced diet with appropriate levels of protein, fat, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. 

When switching, you also need to keep a careful eye on your cat looking for signs of bright eyes and clean teeth, small, firm, stools, a shiny, luxurious coat, healthy skin and exceptional muscle tone. That way you know you’re on the right track.

"There are lots of things to consider when choosing cat food," explains Woodnutt. "The majority of cats will do fine on the majority of diets, as long as they are ‘complete and balanced’ and designed for the right life stage – that is, for adult cats. 

“There are, of course, some cats who will benefit from a more specialized diet. For instance, you might want to choose a diet without certain ingredients due to allergies and intolerances, or a diet designed for cats with medical conditions like kidney disease. Your vet will always be willing to talk about your cat’s diet options and help you find a diet that’s right for your feline family."

Foods to avoid giving your feline

There are some foods you should avoid, too, including onions, garlic, chocolate, any foods containing the ingredient Xylitol and five human foods that are poisonous to cats. You may also want to consider the question, “is homemade cat food better than store bought?” and take precautions when feeding raw meat or liver – which can contain harmful bacteria – and raw eggs which can lead to problems with their skin and coat. 

Similarly, raw fish can trigger a vitamin B deficiency, cause seizures, or be fatal, and milk can cause diarrhea. "It’s not a good idea to feed cats human food in general. More than half of cats are overweight, and human food is often more calorific than we realise," Woodnutt advises. "What is ‘a tiny cube of cheese’ to us is actually a large portion of our cats’ daily calorie allowance.” As always, ask your veterinarian for advice if you’re not sure.

Enjoyed this piece and looking for more great kitty content? Then be sure to check out this vet's top six kitten care tips. 

How often should I feed my kitten is a question you may well be asking if you’ve just welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family. And while it’s true that kitten’s have certain nutritional requirements that must be met, the portion of food will very much depend on their age, growth rate and breed.

It’s important that you stick to feeding your little one the best kitten food until they reach adulthood as unlike their older brothers and sisters, kittens have a higher need for protein, minerals and amino acids. A kitten-specific dry or wet food will have been specifically formulated to ensure it ticks all the boxes to allow your young fur friend to thrive.

When it comes to which kitten food is best, we recommend you consider which stage of kittenhood your kitten is in, how active they are, their current weight, and what their overall body condition is like. If you have any concerns that you may not be meeting their nutritional needs, your vet will be able to offer tailored advice and guidance.

Below, Dr. Joanna Woodnutt dives deep into all things related to kitten feeding, including a breakdown of exactly what your little one needs at each key developmental point in their first year of life. Let’s take a look…

Young kittens: Up to four weeks

Newborn kittens will be getting all their nutrition from their mother’s milk. However, if you find yourself in the position of needing to hand-rear a kitten then you will need some special kitten formula milk – don’t be tempted to give them cow’s milk!

At this age, your kitten will need to be bottle-fed every 2-3 hours. You’ll also need to ensure they are toileting by stimulating them with a wet cloth if the mother cat isn’t there to do it. If you find an abandoned kitten or if your cat neglects her kittens after giving birth, it would be a good idea to get them checked over by a vet. Raising kittens is hard work, and it’s best to seek professional advice.

Weaning kittens: 4-8 weeks

At four weeks, most kittens are willing to try a little solid food. Try to find them soft, pâte-like foods at first, and consider mixing them in with a little milk to encourage them. At first, a taste is all they need – most of their nutrition will be coming from milk. But over the next 2-4 weeks, they’ll make a gradual transition to eating only solids.

At this age, it’s best to leave solid foods down for long periods in order to allow them to explore and get a taste for it. Don’t forget to refresh the bowl regularly to make sure it stays safe, as wet food goes off quickly. At four weeks, they’ll be drinking milk about four times a day, but this will decrease naturally as their solid food intake increases.

First days in a new home: 8-16 weeks of age

Many kittens go off to their new homes from eight weeks of age onwards. This can be an unsettling time for them, so one of the best ways to help them feel more secure is by providing a routine. This will help them know what to expect each day. Making sure your kitten has set meal times is a big part of this.

Your kitten will need around four feeds a day at this age, with their recommended daily ration split evenly between all four mealtimes. A kitten not eating very much or not eating at all requires an immediate trip to the vet so do keep an eye on your young fur friend and ensure they're getting the nutrition they need to thrive.

You should get in the habit of weighing and body condition scoring your kitten to make sure they’re getting enough food. You want them to grow and put on weight, but not to become obese Your vet will be able to advise you further on this. Something else to consider is what type of food to feed your kitten – you can choose either wet, dry, or a mixture of both. At this age your kitten won’t need milk, they will be getting all they need from their solid food. Water should always be provided though.

Whichever food you opt for, make sure that it is a diet specifically for kittens as this will be specially formulated to help with their growth and development. The packet guidelines will tell you how much to feed your kitten per 24-hour period (which can then be divided into his four daily meals). If you aren’t sure how much you should be feeding, then speak to your vet.

16 weeks to 6 months

Your kitten will likely be on three feeds a day at this age, dividing their recommended daily ration into three equal portions. They should still be on a kitten diet at this age, as they are growing rapidly. However, this is a common age for kittens to become overweight, so keep on checking in with your vet to make sure their growth is appropriate. Keep an eye on how many extra treats or titbits you are giving them, as this is also easy to overdo.

Six months to one year

Your kitten’s growth will have slowed and, although they are still growing and changing body shape, he will need far fewer calories. Whether they stay on kitten food or change to the best dry cat food or a wet option varies depending on their breed and whether they’ve been neutered – your vet can help you decide.

At this age, two feeds a day is fine, and this frequency of feeding will continue right through your cat’s adult life. Having said this, wild cats eat several smaller meals each day, so if your cat is more of a grazer then you can do this too. The most important thing is to make sure his recommended daily calories are split between the meals so that you know, no matter how often he eats the number of calories per 24 hours is still the same.

How much food should I feed my kitten?

As kittens age their calorie needs change, so it can be difficult to decide exactly how much to feed them. Rather than guessing, it’s worth calculating your kitten’s energy needs.

Young, unweaned kittens need 20-25kcal for every 100g of bodyweight each day. You can use the calorie content on your kitten milk replacer label to determine how much milk you should feed your kitten. Weighing your kitten regularly can help to ensure they’re taking enough milk to grow properly.

Once your kitten has fully weaned, usually around eight weeks, he’ll need to be taking in around 250-280 calories a day. However, this can vary between breeds and individuals, so you should take your vet’s advice into account. Start by feeding the amount of food recommended on the cat food label, then adjust as necessary to make sure your kitten gains weight at the right rate.

Once your kitten reaches six months of age or is neutered, you can start to reduce their daily calorie intake to their adult requirement. On average, this is 200kcal/day, but this depends on your cat’s weight. Your vet will be able to advise, or a calorie calculator can help you.

How often should I feed my kitten wet food?

When kittens are very young and starting to wean at around four weeks of age, soft food should be available most of the time. This is so that they can explore and try little bits, as and when they like. One of our top kitten feeding tips as your kitten gets older is to also introduce them to dry food to see which your little fur friend prefers. As for when can kittens eat dry food, we advise waiting until your kitty is around six weeks of age before you start offering them kibble.

But regardless of whether you are feeding wet or dry, the recommended frequency of feeding is the same. Kittens aged 8-16 weeks will be on four meals a day, at 16 weeks to six months they will be eating three times a day and by six months of age onwards they should be on two meals per day.

How often should I feed my kitten milk?

Can kittens drink milk? It depends on their age as to how much milk your kitten needs. As discussed earlier (in the different age sections), newborn kittens will be getting all their nutrition from milk and will need to feed every 2-3 hours. This lessens as they get older and by the time they are fully weaned they shouldn’t require any milk at all. From the age of eight weeks old your kitten should only drink water.

Don’t be tempted to give cow’s milk to your kitten, even as a treat, as it could cause tummy upset.

How should I feed my kitten to avoid obesity?

Obesity is one of the biggest animal welfare concerns for vets today, and it’s estimated to affect over half of all cats. Once cats become obese, slimming them down is much harder – so preventing unhealthy weight gain, right from kittenhood, is the best bet.

Calculating the required daily allowance for a growing kitten is difficult, and feeding too little is just as dangerous as feeding too much. It’s best to talk to your veterinarian to find out how many calories your kitten needs each day, and calculate their feeding allowance, in grams, from there.

Your vet can also recommend regular weigh-ins and check your kitten’s growth against a chart to make sure they aren’t gaining more weight than is healthy for their age. For more info, read our guide to weight loss for cats.

The main thing that influences how often you should feed your kitten is his age. But size and breed can come into it too. Large breeds will have the stomach capacity to have fewer meals far younger than small breeds such as Siamese cats.

Don’t forget that all cats are individuals. If your cat appears to be losing weight, is pestering for food, or is otherwise not coping with the number of meals they get, it might be worth discussing their symptoms with a vet and seeing whether more frequent meals would help.

For more helpful advice on this topic, check out our guide to how long should cats eat kitten food for and how to tell if your kitten is overweight. Or, find out the answer to, 'can kittens eat watermelon'?'

If you've recently brought home a new bundle of fluff, you're probably on the hunt for the best kitten food to give them a good start in life. During their first year, your fur baby experiences rapid growth and needs the right amount of nutrients to help them develop to their full potential.

In fact, your kitten will need three times as many calories as an adult cat, so it's crucial to provide them with a menu that's appropriate for their life stage, rather than standard adult food. Kittens also have higher requirements for proteins and fats, which is another thing to keep in mind.

While it's not essential and should be fed sparingly, you might also want to incorporate the best kitten treats into their diet, as they can be super helpful when it comes to training.

To help you make the best choice possible, we've rounded up six foods that will keep your kitten healthy and ensure they meet their daily needs. Before adding anything to this guide, I consulted four qualified vets to review the ingredients, so that every option is expert-approved.

Here are the best kitten foods of 2026:

The quick list

The best kitten food we recommend

The best dry kitten food

This kitten food might be one of the most expensive options in this guide, but after taking a look at the high-quality ingredients list, it’s easy to understand why.

With deboned chicken as the number one ingredient (along with fish meal and egg), it’s high in protein to support your cat’s growth and muscle development. The recipe also contains sources of omega-3 fatty acids, DHA, and ARA, which are beneficial for a long list of reasons, including brain, heart, eye, skin, coat, and joint health.

To help support your kitten’s immune system, you’ll also find antioxidants from cranberries (a source of vitamins C, E, and K, as well as manganese) and carrots (providing beta-carotene, fiber, vitamin K1, and potassium).

The recipe is free from poultry by-product meals, corn, wheat, soy, artificial flavors and preservatives, but it does contain grain, which might not be suitable for all kitties. Grain intolerances aren’t very common in cats, but if this applies to your furry friend, the Blue Buffalo Wilderness Kitten Recipe is an excellent alternative.

Dr. Godfrey says: "Blue Buffalo Baby BLUE contains a high level of protein, which is perfect for growing kittens, as well as additional essential fatty acids, for healthy skin, good immunity, and to support growth and development."

This product is currently being tested; we'll be adding our full verdict soon.

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The best wet kitten food

Most kittens prefer wet food, and this offering by Tiki Cat comes in four different flavors, so you're sure to find something that suits their taste! The chicken and salmon option contains 15% protein, providing your feline with everything they need to build strong and healthy muscles.

The nutritionally complete recipe has the correct levels of calories and fats, ensuring your cat has enough energy during this period of rapid development. It also contains DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid that helps support everything from the brain and heart to eye and immune health, as well as maintaining a healthy, shiny coat.

In comparison to the HiLife wet food in this guide, it's a little more expensive, working out at 20 cents/pence more per ounce. However, since it contains 4.5% more protein and has packaging that's easier to recycle, we think it's worth the extra spend.

Dr. Godfrey says: "Tiki Cat Baby in Chicken and Salmon is a nutritionally complete wet kitten food, so it doesn’t need to be fed alongside anything and many kittens find wet food easier to eat and more palatable."

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The best budget-friendly wet kitten food

This affordable kitten food is an excellent choice for those who don't want to break the bank, costing £1.60 per day for cats aged one to three, £2 for those aged three to eight, and £2.70 for nine to 12. Not only is this food budget-friendly, but it also meets your kitten's nutritional needs for zinc (for skin and coat health), calcium (for joints and bones), taurine (to support overall health), and vitamin A (for vision).

For such an affordable price, you might expect to find cheap fillers and by-product meals, but that's not the case with HiLife Pate. Instead, chicken is the first ingredient and makes up half of the ingredients list, which from my experience, makes it stand out from other options on the market.

Since the food is nutritionally complete with high moisture content, you don't need to feed your cat anything else alongside it.

Dr. Godrey says: "HiLife It’s Only Natural kitten food states that it is nutritionally complete and balanced and contains a kitten’s total intake requirements of zinc, calcium, taurine, and vitamin A. It also contains 50% chicken, however, there isn’t much information available on the breakdown of nutrients."

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The best raw kitten food

It’s sometimes difficult to know what’s actually inside the foods we feed our four-legged friends. So, foods that make it easy for us are always welcome, which is where Nature’s Variety steps up to the plate. The brand's commitment to raw ingredients makes their Instinct Original Kitten dry kibble super easy to understand.

Their Instinct range is committed to 100% natural ingredients, and this recipe contains no soy, grain, wheat, corn, potato, by-product meals, artificial preservatives, or colors.

That said, 81% of this kibble comes from real animal ingredients and oils, which puts its protein content at a whopping 42.5% and fat at 22%. That’s exactly what a calorie-hungry kitten needs. The food includes taurine, DHA, and probiotics for promoting everything from healthy brain and vision development to nice soft fur.

The remaining 19% of the product is made up of vegetables, fruits, and what Instinct calls ‘other wholesome ingredients', and while some have criticized the product for including ingredients like carrots, deeming them unnecessary, the kibble's nutritional profile is very strong.

Given this food’s raw and natural ideology, we think we’d be remiss in not mentioning that Instinct has had to issue recalls on their food twice for potential salmonella. The last of these came in 2015 after a confirmed FDA test, though we have no reason to believe this is likely to happen again.

As with most dry cat foods, Instinct Original Kitten isn’t going to give your kitten all the water it needs, so you may want to think about pairing this with one of the best wet kitten foods rather than as your kitten’s sole diet.

Dr. Hasler says: "This diet contains cage-free chicken as its first ingredient, and it is complete and balanced, according to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) guidelines for kitten food. Before making the decision to feed your kitten raw, it is important to note that raw diets can harbor bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter, which can cause gut infections in your kitten and any humans who touch them, handle their food, or clean their litter box."

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The best budget-friendly dry kitten food

If you're looking for a clean and natural formula that uses high-quality ingredients, then this real food kibble from Nutro is well worth parting some dollars for. While it's a bit more expensive than many other brands, this is definitely a case of 'you get what you pay for'.

With real chicken as the number one ingredient, and nourishing brown rice as a filling carbohydrate, this kibble has everything your new kitten needs to thrive. Compared to other dry options in this guide, it has the highest moisture level at 10%.

You'll find an extensive list of included vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, plus plenty of omega-3 fatty acids for growth and development and calcium for strong bones and joints. We love the addition of beet pulp too, which provides a good hit of fiber and will help keep your kitten's digestive system running smoothly.

The limited ingredient list means there's little chance of this kibble causing any kind of allergic reaction in your kitten. It's free from corn, wheat, and soy, as well as all artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives, which is really great to see.

Overall, this is a complete, nutritious, and balanced formula that's getting rave reviews from both pet parents and their young feline furkids. If your budget can stretch to the extra cost, we think this one is definitely a worthy contender for a place in your shopping cart.

Dr. Hasler says: "This kitten food contains real chicken as its first ingredient, and it does not have any unwanted chicken by-products. It also provides omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants to support your kitten’s growth, development, and immune system. It is formulated with calcium to support growing kittens’ bones and joints."

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The best premium dry kitten food

Blue Wilderness claims to provide kittens with the finest of food, using real chicken as its first ingredient and promising not to use any poultry by-products. This dry food is also free from soy, wheat, and corn and there are no artificial flavors or preservatives. It's as healthy a food as they come, making use of a host of natural ingredients.

The food also contains fish oil which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and DHA, so your kitten will not only retain a healthy coat but benefit from improved cognitive function too. Vitamins A and C, along with potassium and fiber, are provided by the inclusion of blueberries. Potatoes boost vitamin C and potassium levels while also providing vitamin B, iron, and magnesium.

Pumpkin is added because it's rich in beta-carotene, vitamin A, and zinc, while spinach is thrown into the mix along with apples for carotenoids, quercetin, and dietary fiber. What's more, the blend of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are not exposed to huge amounts of heat, which means most of the fresh nutrients are retained.

Dr. Hasler says: "This diet has a high protein content compared to many other kitten foods, with a minimum crude protein level of 40%. It contains real chicken as its first ingredient, without the addition of unwanted poultry by-products. It is also rich in antioxidants to support your kitten’s immune system as they grow."

This product is currently being tested; we'll be adding our full verdict soon.

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How we tested the best kitten foods

Before adding any products to this guide, we researched hundreds of contenders and ensured they ticked the following boxes:

Vet-approved formula: We ran every single option past our team of trusty in-house vets, and filtered out a lot of recipes that didn't meet their recommendations. All of these foods contain the correct balance of proteins, calories, and fats for kittens, and have a protein source as the first ingredient.

Healthy and nutritional ingredients: There are so many products on the market that contain unnecessary ingredients that aren't beneficial to your cat's health, which is something that really bugs me! That's why I researched each ingredient to ensure the recipes are safe and nutritious to include in your kitten's diet.

Once we had narrowed the list down to just six products, we asked our testers the following questions:

• Did your kitten seem to like the taste of the food?
• Has the food been digestible for your kitten?
• Is the food good value for money?
• Is the packaging easy to store and recycle?
• Is the food an appropriate size for a kitten?
• Is the texture appropriate for a kitten?

If you want to learn more about our procedure, we have a dedicated page on how we test.

How to choose the best kitten food

When it comes to choosing the best kitten food, Dr. Hasler says there a few things you need to consider.

Firstly, nutrition. You want to make sure you’re hitting the right protein-to-fat ratio, and getting enough of both. For dry food, you want to be hitting more than 30% in protein content and 15-20% in fat. For wet foods, you ideally want between 10-15% for protein and around 3-6% for fat. To save you the job of scanning through a long list of ingredients, we ensured that every product in this guide meets these requirements.

You may want to be more aware of foods with high grain content. While the debate rages about exactly how bad grains are for cats, they can be an indicator that a food is full of filler or high in difficult-to-digest carbohydrates, rather than all the more preferable ingredients for a kitten's development.

When it comes to intolerances and allergies, it’s actually fish, chicken bee,f and dairy products that are the most common in felines. So, while you should expect to see a little bit of a digestive reaction to any new food, if it goes on too long you may want to investigate further.

Ideally, you’ll pick out a mix of dry and wet foods. While dry food can be more cost-effective and easier to manage, it won’t provide the moisture your cat needs to stay hydrated. If you’re going dry only, make sure your house is full of water sources for your cat to find, though they’ll need to be refreshed daily. You might even want to invest in the best pet water fountain to encourage your kitty to drink more.

Lastly, the best kitten foods will recommend a transition period when changing cat food. This will avoid most cases of digestive distress which, if prolonged, can be dangerous to kittens. Take a week, and slowly introduce the new food alongside the old to allow their systems to get used to it. Of course, if your kitten seems to be experiencing problems, or you’re worried that they may have a food sensitivity or other health problem, consult your vet.

Dr. Woodnutt emphasizes that it’s really important that your kitten food is complete and balanced for growth—it should say so on the pack.

She says: “While lots of brands will conform to the AAFCO/FEDIAF guidelines to enable them to call themselves ‘complete and balanced’, it’s worth looking for a large, reputable brand. Smaller, ‘boutique’ brands may not have access to the nutritionists, testing facilities, and buying power of the larger brands, making imbalances and nutrient deficiencies more likely.”

What nutrients are important for kittens?

According to Woodnutt, feeding a complete diet that has been balanced for growth is essential for kittens. While they need all the same nutrients as an older cat, they need them in different proportions. So, if you're struggling to decide between kitten food vs cat food, you know what to do now!

“They need high protein and calories in order to get enough nutrients to grow, as their little stomachs can’t take large volumes of food. They also need the proper calcium-to-phosphorus ratio for healthy bone growth”, Woodnutt explains, “As with all cats, bioavailable taurine is also essential, as, without it, kittens can quickly get heart failure.”

Can kittens eat dry or wet food?

Both wet food and dry food are safe to feed to kittens, according to Dr. Woodnutt, and it's a good idea to get them used to both from a young age. However, if your kitten is very young and just weaning, she says that they will probably favor wet food, with pates being the easiest to eat.

How many times a day should a kitten eat?

How often should I feed my kitten? This is a common question that lots of new pet parents ask, but the answer all depends on their age.

Dr. Rebecca MacMillan says: "Very young kittens less than twelve weeks of age will need feeding four or five times a day. Kittens that are three to six months of age should have three or four meals a day. At six months and older a cat can have two to three meals per day.

"Just ensure you check how much to feed your kitten per 24 hours and divide this amount equally into the recommended number of meals. You should then spread these meals evenly throughout the day."

Should I leave food down for my kitten all day?

If your kitten enjoys grazing throughout the day, free-feeding is fine in some cases, but there are some considerations you should make beforehand. Dr. MacMillan warns that you should only leave down their daily allowance, and avoid topping up the bowl as they chomp their way through it. If you decide to schedule their meals, the best automatic pet feeders make the job a lot easier.

She adds: "Most kittens have a very keen appetite, so allowing them to graze doesn’t always work that well. In my experience, it is usually best to feed them several smaller meals at regular intervals to avoid them trying to gulp down their daily ration in one go."

Want more feeding advice? Read our recommendations for the best cat puzzle feeders and best anti-vomit cat bowls which can help with your kitty's digestion. Or, find out whether kittens can eat watermelon.

After tragically losing her beloved Princess Peony back in the spring, Martha Stewart has finally decided to expand her feline family, adding two beautiful Bengal kittens to her extensive “farm menagerie”.

The eighty-one-year-old Home-making mogul introduced the world to her new stunning Bengal kittens via Instagram. Describing the one twelve week old kitty named Kipling as “curious and mischievous”, she treated us to a whole gallery of pictures featuring the two cats lounging – or as Stewart says “acclimating” – in her laundry room, upon an immaculate pile of towels.

The animal-lover described the duo as “adventuresome, very fast, and devious”. They will join her existing animals, who she refers to as the “farm menagerie, which Stewart once reported included “at least 20 cats, 25 dogs, 10 chinchillas, scores of canaries and parakeets, two ponies, three donkeys, 10 horses, many sheep and goats, hundreds of chickens, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail, peacocks and homing pigeons.”

Unfortunately, this year she has lost more than her fair share of her beloved pets. After her three-year-old calico persian cat, Princess Peony, was killed by her own dogs – unfortunately her canine troop mistook the poor kitty for an intruder – she also reported the death of six of her peacocks, attacked by coyotes. Posting to Instagram, she wrote: "RIP beautiful BlueBoy. The coyotes came in broad daylight and devoured him and five others including the magnificent White Boy. Any solutions for getting rid of six large and aggressive coyotes who have expensive tastes when it comes to poultry??"

Stewart has always considered herself a great lover of animals. The homestyle guru was once quoted as saying: “Raising animals is serious business, and I try very hard to be a good owner to each and every one. Some respond in friendly ways, some are more aloof, and others don't make a show of knowing me at all. But I think they all understand that I care about their needs and recognize their problems."

Just last week she displayed her devotion to her dogs, with forty homemade pots of dog food, showing that her flair for home-making and lifestyle doesn’t end with humans! She packed “quinoa, broccoli, peas, carrots, sweet potato, butternut squash, cabbage, turnips, celeriac, beef, fish, chicken, duck. all nests and fish cooked with bones” into her delicious homemade hound stew, and claims her dogs can’t get enough.

You may think knowing how to tell if a kitten is male or female is a simple task of taking a peek at its genitals. But it’s not always as easy as that, particularly when a kitten is born. That’s because a kitten’s external genital organs aren’t clearly viewable until they’re between six and eight weeks of age. Until then, you’ll usually have to rely on numerous other factors – or at least wait a couple of months for your answer.

One thing’s for sure, you need to be responsible. Caring for older or newborn kittens requires knowing how to socialize a kitten, getting to grips with essential kitten training and preparing for your kitten’s first vet visit. Part of that care is being sure not to handle kittens too much before they’re two-weeks-old to avoid running the risk of stressing the mother and potentially causing her to reject her offspring. So let’s take a look at some tips to help identify if your new addition is a boy or a girl without having to prematurely peek with the help of expert vet Dr Hannah Godfrey.

Ways to determine a kitten's sex

Although you could seek your vet’s assistance, there are some ways of determining your kitten’s sex at home.

Genitals

As we’ve already mentioned, genitals are important. “Looking at your kitten's genitals is the most accurate method of determining whether they're male or female,” Dr Godfrey says. 

You could learn how to inspect a kitten below, including a guide to what to look for in each sex. “But if your kitten is too young, other factors might give you a clue,” Dr Godfrey adds.

Color and markings

Some color patterns are associated with certain genders in cats. “For example, tortoiseshells (also known as 'torties' or calicos) are almost always female while orange tabby cats are more often male (that said, female ginger cats do exist so it’s always best to check!),” Dr Godfrey explains.

Behavior

Male kittens are usually more mischievous, active, and boisterous than female kittens! But, it has to be said, that’s not always the case. Dr Godfrey recalls once taking home a kitten who was thought to be female but too young to be sure.

“Her naughty behavior soon gave me the feeling that something was wrong, and after another look, it was clear she was a he!,” Dr Godfrey explains. “He still lives with me now, and thankfully there haven’t been any damaged sofas or dismantled bathrooms for a while!”

Size

Male kittens are often bigger than female kittens, but not always. “So, although you might assume the bigger kitten is male and the smaller one female, you could be wrong,” Dr Godfrey adds.

How to confirm a kitten’s sex

If you’ve tried to identify a kitten’s sex yourself but you’re still stumped, why not ask your local veterinary team to sex your kitten? This can be assessed when you take your kitten for their first health check or when your kitten is ready for its vaccinations.If you have other questions such as when can kittens eat dry food, you can ask them at this appointment. 

Handling your kitten during sexing

When your kitten is ready to be inspected, there is a method you should employ. “The mother cat won't be too happy if you suddenly swoop in and grab one of her babies,” says Dr Godfrey. “Once the kittens are more than two weeks of age, you should spend a few moments slowly and gently getting the mother used to you being present before handling the babies.

“Once the mother seems more comfortable, keep the kitten near to her while holding them gently in the palm of your hand, with their head and neck between your index finger and thumb, and their legs facing upwards. If the mother cat becomes distressed or the kitten seems stressed, stop immediately and try again another time.”

How to tell if a kitten is male

1. Pick up the kitten gently and place them in the palm of one hand with their paws facing upwards and their rear end towards you. 
2. If it’s easier, you can ask someone to hold them for you so that you can focus on getting a good look. 
3. Identify their anus and genitals, which should look like two circles. 
4. There will be a larger gap between the anus and the genitals (penis), where their testicles will soon develop. 
5. Their genitals (penis) will be round rather than a slit shape. 

How to tell if a kitten is female

1. Follow steps one and two for sexing a male kitten above. 
2. Identify their anus and genitals, which should look like a dot and a line, or an ‘i’ shape. 
3. The anus and vulva/urethra will be very close together. 
4. Their genitals (vulva) will form a line or slit rather than being round. 

Want more kitten content like this? Check out our features on when does a kitten become a cat? and adopting a kitten: five ways to prepare for your new pet. Or to learn more about felines, check out our favorite interesting cat facts. 

A kitten with two faces born in Harrison, Arkansas, has sadly died four days after its surprise entry into the world.

Ariel Contreras was doing the laundry when her cat began to give birth to a litter of kittens. Calling for her husband to help her, the pair soon noticed that there was something very different about the second kitten they were helping to birth.

"My husband said, ‘honey, it has two heads,’ and I went ’no way!'” Contreras said.

The couple decided to name the unique feline, Harvey, after the fictional two-faced villain from the Batman series. 

Little Harvey is an example of a Janus cat, which gets its name from the Roman god of transitions who represented the dualities of life. 

Extremely rare, only a handful of cases have been recorded in modern history, the condition is caused by a genetic mutation that is caused by excess protein being produced in the womb. 

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"It has one of everything except for the skull," said Dr. Tim Addis of Alley Cat Animal Rescue in Arkansas.

While Janus cats tend to have a much shorter lifespan than cats born without the condition, Harvey initially appeared to be doing well and both Addis and the Contreras’ had high hopes that he would survive. 

“Its odds of making it are just as good as its siblings if you’re feeding it with a bottle,” Addis explained.

"There was one that made it 12 years, and then one that made it 15 years," Contreras added. "I'm really praying this one makes it that long, and we will do whatever it takes."

Unfortunately, this is one story that doesn’t have the happy ending we’d all hoped for, with little Harvey dying four days after his birth. 

If fading kitten syndrome sounds scary, we understand. Fading is, after all, when something gradually grows faint and disappears. In this instance, it’s when a newborn kitten fails to thrive and, in some cases, dies. It’s a “syndrome” because it’s a collection of clinical signs rather than an actual medical diagnosis.

Fading kitten syndrome happens in the first few weeks of the animal’s life and it has nothing to do with a failure to give the best kitten food nor because you’re not following kitten feeding tips for raising a strong and healthy cat. In fact, it’s not something that you will have caused so don’t blame yourself if your kitten is suffering from this syndrome.

What you can do, however, is spot the signs of fading kitten syndrome and seek urgent help – potentially turning the situation around and helping your kitty to thrive. To assist, expert vet Dr Catherine Barnette takes a look at the causes.

What causes fading kitten syndrome?

Fading kitten syndrome is most common in newborn kittens, during their first week of life but it can occur anytime between birth and weaning. The signs of fading kitten syndrome may be subtle at first, but they gradually become more severe and can lead to death if untreated. 

In general, the causes include:

• Maternal factors: As well as dystocia (difficult birth), mastitis (mammary gland infection) and maternal neglect, any significant illness of the mother during pregnancy or nursing can lead to fading kitten syndrome;
• Hereditary factors: These include cleft palates, gastrointestinal abnormalities, heart malformations, and other birth defects;
• Environmental factors: Unsanitary conditions, extreme temperatures (especially low temperatures), and other environmental factors can contribute to stress or disease;
• Infectious diseases: intestinal parasites, bacteria, viruses, protozoa
• Neonatal isoerythrolysis: This is blood type mismatch between a mother and her kittens, destroying the kitten’s red blood cells;
• Low birth weight: The “runt” of a litter is more likely to suffer.

More, however, is becoming known about fading kitten syndrome, as noted in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. The most common causes are neonatal isoerythrolysis and infections.

What age does fading kitten syndrome start?

Fading kitten syndrome can occur anytime between birth and weaning. “Most kittens are weaned at approximately five weeks of age, so fading kitten syndrome occurs during the first five weeks of life,” says Dr Barnette.

“Many cases occur during the first week of life but there can be another increase in the risk of fading kitten syndrome at three to four weeks old. Kittens become more susceptible to infectious diseases at three to four weeks old, so fading kitten syndrome during this timeframe is often attributable to infectious disease.”

How do I know if my kitten has fading kitten syndrome?

Signs of fading kitten syndrome may be subtle at first, but they can quickly progress. They include:

• Eating and digestive issues: Watch out for a kitten not eating, diarrhea and vomiting or a weak suckling reflex;
• Tiredness: Lethargy, weakness and decreased movement or coordination, compared to littermates are signs;
• Missed milestones: Failure to meet developmental milestones, compared to littermates;
• Body issues: Look for poor weight gain, a distended or bloated belly or frequent or constant vocalization, as if in pain;
• Sinus problems: Sneezing and discharge from the eyes or nose are signs.

When should I act?

If you suspect fading kitten syndrome, seek vet care as soon as possible. “Kittens can deteriorate quickly,” says Dr Barnette. “Their small size leaves them prone to hypothermia (low body temperature) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Seek care at an emergency veterinary hospital if your regular veterinarian is closed.”

What can I expect at the vets?

Your kitten's first vet visit will involve a thorough physical examination. “The veterinarian may recommend specific tests to look for underlying causes of your kitten’s illness,” says Dr Barnette. “These tests may include blood tests, fecal parasite examination, urinalysis, and bacterial cultures.”

Is fading kitten syndrome contagious?

Fading kitten syndrome may or may not be contagious, depending on its underlying cause. 

“Contagious illnesses that may cause fading kitten syndrome include feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus,Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora, Giardia, E. coli, Salmonella, intestinal worms, and others,” says Dr Barnette. “These conditions commonly cause illness beginning at three to four weeks of age.”

If your kitten is suspected of having a contagious illness, you’ll be told how to minimize the risk to your kitten’s littermates and other pets in your home.

Treating fading kitten syndrome

Treatment depends on the kitten’s underlying disease. Infectious diseases may require antibiotics, antiprotozoal medications, or deworming. Birth defects may require surgical correction. A blood transfusion may be needed to treat neonatal isoerythrolysis.

“Your veterinarian will also recommend treatments to support your kitten’s overall health. Your kitten may be hospitalized for intravenous (IV) fluids, oxygen therapy, and/or injectable medications.| says Dr Barnette. “If your kitten is stable enough to be treated on an outpatient basis, you might be instructed to bottle-feed your kitten or feed them via a stomach tube. Your kitten will require a clean environment with careful temperature control and close monitoring.”

Can a kitten survive fading kitten syndrome?

If fading kitten syndrome is recognized and treated early, kittens have a higher likelihood of survival. Even with treatment, however, fading kitten syndrome can be fatal. Your kitten’s prognosis will depend on their underlying illness and whether that condition can be corrected.

Once your kitten has made it through the acute stage of their illness, proactive care will help keep them healthy. Check out our kitten care tips for information on how to care for young kittens. 

The tragic story of a three eyed kitten has broken the hearts of animal lovers everywhere after its former owner shared an image of the poor feline to the Subreddit, Oddly Terrifying.

The general consensus amongst Reddit users was not that the photo of the tiny newborn was terrifying, but that it was adorable and members queried what had happened to the small ginger cat.

Unfortunately, the original poster, boostme253, explained that it was also born with a cleft palette and had to be put down, writing that “along with its deformed eye it had a cleft palate, there was nothing I could do to help it.”

When pressed further, the original poster explained that "He would have needed surgery for removal of the eyes and to fix the palate, not only would it have totaled around $10,000 but I would have had to take an extended vacation from work so I could shove a tube down its throat so it could eat every two hours since it could not feed because of the palate." 

Boostme253 then added that they “certainly showed love to this little guy the best I could, I loved him in the short amount of time he was alive."

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my_newborn_kitten_was_born_3_eyed from r/oddlyterrifying

Despite believing they did the best they could for the little animal, the OP faced some backlash with numerous Redditors commenting that euthanasia was unnecessary, citing that a cleft palette is fixable and many humans survive with such an abnormality. 

However, user SixteenSeveredHands did some digging, reporting that “it looks like even in the absence of other deformities, the cleft palate alone often leads to ‘fading syndrome’ in kittens, where the inability to nurse and the complications of artificial feeding often cause their health to rapidly deteriorate until they die." 

“Part of the problem is that they usually can't undergo corrective surgery until they're about 3 months old, and the feeding problems that occur in those 3 months are often fatal (and painful). And that's when there's just a cleft palate -- this kitten obviously has other congenital deformities, so yeah it probably had internal anomalies, too."

“So it had a very poor chance of survival, and attempting to subject it to a battery of painful and difficult medical treatments would have been cruel. Poor little thing. But at least it wasn't forced to endure any more suffering.”

Manitoberino added: “They have a lot of trouble eating. They can’t suckle properly, the mother usually abandons them so you have to try to bottle feed them. It’s very hard to get the milk down the correct tube due to the deformity."

"They tend to aspirate (inhale the milk into the lungs) which causes pneumonia if they don’t just drown immediately. It has at least two deformities so chances are it has internal deformities as well. Rather than live a short life of suffering, OP did a very kind thing in ending its suffering.”

Weeepingwillow commented that she felt the eye deformation was likely “diprosopus” which “usually causes pretty severe defects in the heart and brain”, adding that cleft palate would be fatal without surgery, and explaining that the poor little feline “was probably so fragile that if it even survived surgery I doubt it would live long after. It would have a lifetime of medical issues too.“

Either way, many hearts were touched with numerous Redditors expressing love, sentiments of sadness and prayers that the kitty rests in peace.

Is there anything more adorable than National Kitten Day? We think not! After all, what could be better than an entire 24 hours devoted to celebrating these cute and charming creatures in all their glory? 

And the good news is, whether it's treating them to the best kitten food, volunteering at an animal shelter or raising awareness on social media, there are plenty of ways you can get involved. 

But while there's plenty of fluffy fun to be had on National Kitten Day, there's also a serious message behind this popular event. According to the National Kitten Coalition, each year, approximately 1.4 million cats are euthanized in America, so an important part of National Kitten Day is encouraging potential pet owners to adopt rather than shop. 

With so many kittens in need of a loving home like yours, if you don't already have a feline friend and feel that you have the time, space, love and financial capacity to provide a forever family for a young fur baby, National Kitten Day is a great time to head on down to your local shelter and adopt a new companion.

Below, you'll find everything you need to know about National Kitten Day, including how it came to be, when it is, and the many ways you can celebrate and get involved. And if you'd like to know more about adopting a kitten, nip over to our vet's guide or explore our in-depth articles on kitten care including kitten training tips, how to litter train a kitten, and common kitten behavior problems you might encounter.

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What is National Kitten Day? 

Founded by pet and family lifestyle expert and animal advocate, Colleen Paige,  National Kitten Day at its heart looks to celebrate the magic of kittens and show how much joy they bring to people's lives. However, it was also created to highlight the plight of homeless kittens in search of their forever home. 

National Kitten Day looks to encourage kitten adoption and focuses on key areas around cat health and pet owner responsibilities, such as spaying and neutering as a way to keep the feline population in control. 

The first National Kitten Day was launched in 2012, with the first held the following year. Initially, National Kitten Day was actually celebrated in December for two years in a row before shifting to the month of July. It's been sponsored by big names in the pets world including BLUE Naturally Fresh Cat Litter, The Blue Buffalo Corporation and Naturally Fresh cat litter. 

What day is National Kitten Day 2022?

National Kitten Day is observed annually on July 10. In 2022, it will fall on Sunday, 10 July.  

How can you make a difference on National Kitten Day and beyond?

1. Spoil your kitten

If you already have a special furbaby in your life, then you don't need an excuse to spoil them but National Kitten Day is rather convenient! Our guide to the best kitten toys will keep your furry friend entertained; simply playing with your cat helps build a better bond, staves off the boredom, and keeps them healthy and active. 

You could even bake them up a special cat treat in your kitchen. 

2. Take part on social media

You could opt to take a selfie with your special friend and post it in social media. National Kitten Day can be found on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

Simply use the hashtags #KittenDay , #NationalKittenDay or #WorldKittenDay to show your appreciation or share your own adoption stories by adding on hashtag #AdoptDontShop.

Even if you don't have your own kitten, it's the perfect excuse to celebrate the kitten of a friend or family member.

3. Adopt

If you have room in your life for a new pet, why not consider adopting? You search for an available pet by using the Shelter Pet Project, or check your local shelter's website to find your lifelong friend.  

Be sure to think about the long term commitment adding a new member to your family will involve. Adopting a cat means preparing and doing your research in advance, including considering any financial obligations. You'll want to ensure you have all the essentials your new kitten would need to hand before they move in too.  

If you have any existing cats in your household, then knowing how to introduce a kitten to a cat is essential advice: some cats won't enjoy an intruder invading their space no matter how adorable the idea may seem to us humans. 

4. Help a shelter

If you're unable to adopt or foster a cat or kitten, why not consider volunteering at your local shelter? This can include basic support like cleaning their litter boxes or cages, but some shelters look for cat cuddlers to help socialize or calm anxious cats. 

Some skills required you may not have even thought of, such as marketing, social media or even carpentry! 

There are a few additional ways you can help a shelter. In addition to financial donations, some shelters have a wish list where you can donate pet supplies such as towels, toys and treats. 

5. Educate

If you're not in a position to adopt a cat, you could let others know about the many kittens that are in need of a home. 

If you're looking to make a difference in the lives of kittens, you could use National Kitten Day as an opportunity to research kitten mills and educate others, or even write to your representatives on the subject. 

6. Spay / neuter 

You can often make the jobs of shelter easier from the comfort of your own home. Ensure your pet is spayed or neutered and look to provide them with collars and a proper ID.

Considering the health of your kitten is an all-year round responsibility, but days like National Kitten Day can remind us to schedule that check-up or simply go out of our way to ensure they have everything they need to live their best life whether that be something as simple as fresh litter, or frequent safety checks of our homes.  

Is National Kitten Day the same as National Cat Day or National Cuddly Kitten Day?

Interestingly, National Kitten Day was added to compliment the existing National Cat Day, which was set up by Paige in 2005 with a similar theme of spotlighting the awesomeness of cats and raising public awareness of adoption.

It doesn't end there, though. In fact, there's actually no fewer than 16 cat holidays on the calendar showing just how much we love these Internet moguls. One of these include National Cuddly Kitten Day which is day specifically intended to give kittens extra love and cuddles. Sounds like the perfect day! 

If you’ve just welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family and are looking for advice and guidance to help you through that all-important first year, we recommend taking a look at our favorite kitten care tips. 

Having a selection of the best kitten toys on hand is well worth it if you're looking for fun and novel ways to provide the mental and physical stimulation your little fur baby needs each day to grow up happy and healthy. And just like the best cat toys, you really are spoiled for choice. From the best kitten teething toys to feather wands and laser pointers to bouncy balls and stuffed mice, there truly is something to suit every kitten.

When it comes to choosing kitten toys, we recommend investing in a few different options that will tap into your kitten's natural instincts to run, stalk, jump, and pounce. Teaser wands are brilliant for chasing, while track toys are perfect for tapping into your kitten's natural hunting instincts and honing their skills. The best automatic laser toys and other interactive options that your kitten can engage with independently are also brilliant for those days when you're out of the house a lot.

It's important to note, however, that just like with the best kitten food, not all kitten toys are created equal. While there are a range of playthings marketed towards kittens, these aren't always suitable for our smallest of feline friends. Flapping fish, for example, are very large and many kittens find these types of toys scary and overwhelming, so make sure that you choose toys that are an appropriate size for your kitten and not too daunting.

To help you purchase best kitten toys for your little bundle of fluff, we've rounded up our pick of the bunch below, with a range of fun and entertaining options that will keep your fur baby amused for hours.

The quick list

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The best kitten toys we recommend in 2024

Best kitten toy overall

The classic cat teaser wand is as close to a ‘guaranteed toy’ as you can get with cats. While there’s no such thing as a universally loved toy, the teaser wand has entertained every single cat we’ve known. It’s perfect for kittens too, because you get to control how high they jump, how rough they get with their play, and how fast they run and pounce.

Most teaser wands come with a tempting toy at the end of a piece of elastic, which encourages your kitten to chase, jump, and generally attack. Make sure you do get one with an elastic string, which flexes when your kitten sinks in their claws - not only is it more fun for your kitty if the teaser keeps stretching when they play with it, but it’s safer if they get wrapped up in it too.

Many teasers come with spare attachments, either for variety, or to replace when your cat destroys or loses the first one. While this is useful to have, we don’t think you lose much by having one with a single attachment, as it’s often the wand or elastic that breaks before the toy itself. And, given how inexpensive the average teaser toy is… you can just buy a new one very easily.

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Best value kitten toy

The laser pointer is a great toy for cats of all ages, and kittens especially love playing with them. While adult cats may eventually get wise to chasing a laser dot around your living room, kittens love to explore and chase it, and you can have hours of fun making them sprint around the room, or watching them learn to pounce.

When you’re looking for a laser toy, you can go cheap and cheerful by just getting one that projects a laser dot onto whatever surface you point it at. Simple. You’ll probably only pay about $10 here.

However, we find that cheaper laser pointers have weaker beams, are more prone to breaking, and will often chew through batteries alarmingly quickly. We recommend you spend a little more on a laser pointer that offers a few different filters for the beam, and that is rechargeable, saving you a fortune on batteries. Pick a laser pointer with either a keychain or a wrist-strap too - you don’t want to lose control of it when you’re playing with your kitten.

While we think lasers are great for young cats, we wouldn’t recommend them for kittens under 12 weeks. Playing with a pointer can see your kitten crashing into objects and walls, as they lack the control to stop themselves when chasing the dot. You don’t want younger kittens to hurt themselves playing like this.

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Best kitten toy for all-round development

You’ll need to give your kitten some kind of outlet for climbing and scratching. That’s a fact. If you’re ok with them scratching your sofa and carpet to ribbons… that’s cool. If not, you should get them a scratching post or, even better, a full-on cat tree. Kittens won’t always take to regular scratching posts, and may just choose to ignore it and eviscerate your couch instead. However, they will need something to not only keep their claws sharp and remove old nails, but also to keep them amused too.

The best scratching posts come with some kind of toy attached to entice your kitten to use it. Often teasers and dangling balls will be enough to get them interested. However, sometimes even that won’t work, which is when you definitely need a cat tree.

A cat tree is a scratching post, platform, and series of modules designed to be a ‘full home’ for your kitten. They’ll climb it, scratch it, hide in it, and probably sleep in and on it too. Cats love these trees, as they enjoy (and feel safe) being at height. The only downsides are that cat trees are a) fairly expensive, and b) fairly large, and can take up a lot of space in your living room. We highly recommend a cat tree, as it’ll stay with you for years and actually work out as good value in the end.

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Best self-play kitten toy

A motorized or wind-up mouse will - if your kitten likes it - keep them occupied for decent periods of time. The problem is, they can be very hit and miss. We’ve known some young cats to really love watching and chasing a motorized mouse (or equivalent animal) toy, whereas others have zero interest at all. It’s a risk, but a low cost one.

The advantage of a battery-operated mouse (which we’d recommend over a clockwork toy) is that it keeps going indefinitely, and you don’t necessarily have to give your kitten your full attention for this kind of play. While we’d always recommend partitioning time to play with your cat every day, we do understand that waving a laser pointer for 10 fruitless minutes, while your cat simply stalks and never pounces, isn’t that fulfilling.

Wind-up mice can work, especially if you want to get involved as much as possible, but they’re less enticing for your cat. A toy that requires constant winding can only provide so much amusement, especially if your kitten is in the middle of a good stalking session.

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Best kitten toy treat

Ok, this last one isn’t actually a toy, but we see it as an essential accessory for any kitten owner. Milk treats are basically small biscuits for your cat, with cat milk-infused centers, which help to give your kitten the calcium they need to develop strong bones and teeth. They allow you to give your cat milk without giving them actual milk, which they struggle to digest. Not only do they benefit development, they can also be used to reinforce behavior and supplement play.

They come in many different forms, from various manufacturers, but they all do roughly the same thing. We default to the Whiskers treats, as they seem to be the ones most enjoyed by our kitten. Whenever kittens become overwhelmed by life, or have difficult days at the vet getting inoculations or neutering operations, a milk treat or two can reaffirm their bond with you and get them remotivated.

It’s important to note that you should never exceed the recommended number of treats per day, and should always give them sparingly. You can substitute them for regular treats, but they may not confer the calcium benefit. And it’s worth noting that they’re mainly suitable for kittens and young, still-developing cats.

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Best spring toy for kittens

Sometimes, the simple toys are the best and in the case of the ISMARTEN Pet Wide Colorful Springs Cat Toys, you might just find that your kitten goes well and truly crazy for them. The concept is simple to grasp: kittens can chase after the bouncy, colorful springs or bat at them across the room. It's an inexpensive way to keep your kitten entertained, and as this pack comes with 100, even if they lose them, there's still plenty more to keep then occupied.

If you're looking for a fun way to encourage activity and exercise in your kitten and you enjoy watching them zooming about the place, the random bouncing movements are sure to create some interesting entertainment for both you and the cat.

Providing you don't lose too many to an overenthusiastic feline and are able to round them up at the end of your play session, these springs are surprisingly durable and can be appreciated by cats of all ages. To get the most of your springs, pet parents suggest cutting the pointy ends off if your kitten likes to carry them around in the mouth, otherwise they should be good to go.

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Best kitten toy for physical and mental stimulation

A brilliant toy for helping to develop your kitten's senses and hunting instincts, this 3-level roller with brightly colored balls attached is bound to be a huge hit with your little fur friend.

Made of ultra-strong and tear-resistant plastic, each layer is detachable for easy cleaning and it comes with a sturdy base that allows the toy to stay up right in the face of all that vigorous batting.

It's ideal for helping to reduce loneliness and boredom when your kitten is home alone as it can be used independently, but it works equally well in multi-furkid homes where your cats can have fun playing together.

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How to choose the best kitten toy

When researching kitten toys we put the needs of a developing kitten at the center of all our decisions. In other words, we looked at the various skills and behaviors kittens need to practice in order to become healthy, happy cats. So, we tried to choose a variety of toys that help with all aspects of a kitten’s physical development.

These toys all involve some kind of interaction or effort from you, the owner, which will help to improve the bond between you and your kitten. This is especially important for younger cats, as they need to feel like they’re in a safe environment away from their mother and siblings.

Kittens also get very tired playing, so most of the toys on this list can be used in short bursts, allowing you to interact with your young cat for smaller periods of time, before letting them rest. It’s important to let your kitten have time-outs between play sessions and explorations, as they can easily get overwhelmed and become hyperactive.

To find out how to play with a kitten, read our helpful guide. Or, learn how to make DIY kitten toys at home.

If you’re a pet parent looking for a fun craft to try, making DIY kitten toys could be a great new hobby. Not only will your feline friend love you for it, but you’ll also have fun in the process of creating them.

Young cats need a rotation of the best kitten toys to ensure they’re getting enough mental and physical stimulation, but this can get expensive if they’re constantly getting bored or losing them. That’s why making your own toys can be an excellent (and rewarding) alternative.

Below, we’ve shared five different toys you can make at home, including catnip macarons, a puzzle toy, a whack-a-mole box, and much more. These crafts are suitable for all skill levels, and some of them take only five minutes to make. Happy crafting!

DIY kitten toy ideas

1. DIY macaron cat toys

These fun toys look like delicious macarons and you can make them in wonderfully bright colours too. They can contain a filling that will drive your cat wild. Just try and refrain from munching into them yourself!

What you’ll need:

• Pastel felt
• Contrasting felt
• Scissors
• Thread
• Hand stitching needle
• Pillow stuffing
• Catnip
• Pencil/pen

Instructions:

1. Use an object to outline four equal-sized circles on a piece of pastel-colored felt, about 3 inches wide. For example, I used the bottom of a wine bottle. Then cut each one out so that you do not see any pen marks.
2. Cut one circle out of a contrasting piece of felt that is about ½-inch or so larger. Note, that it does not need to be perfect because it will be trimmed later.
3. Layer two pieces of pastel felt and thread a needle with a long piece of thread (doesn't necessarily need to be matching thread) and knot the end multiple times.
4. Poke through the top layer only, about 3⁄4-inch from the edge. Pull the thread through so that the knot catches in between the two layers.
5. Make small stitches around the edges of the felt, keeping a 3⁄4-inch distance from the edge and securing the two layers together. Occasionally, pull tightly on the thread to gather it and keep it appearing ruffled as you go. Note, you do not need to pull hard and you do not want to pull hard enough to risk breaking the thread.
6. Keep stitching until you have about one inch left. You’ll notice that pulling the thread may make the piece appear misshapen, but ignore this and keep stitching so that the edges of the circles are together. When you have one inch left to stitch, add about one tablespoon of catnip (if desired), followed by stuffing. Then keep stitching and add more stuffing as needed to fill completely.
7. Stitch until you reach the end, and lastly poke through only one layer and then thread the needle through an existing stitch, loop the thread and pull through to create a knot. Repeat at least twice to secure. You should now have a plush macaron shell. Repeat with the remaining two pieces of pastel felt so you have equal-sized plush shells.
8. Sandwich the piece of contrasting felt between the two shells. Thread the needle with a long piece of thread and double it up to make it stronger. Knot the two ends together.
9. Poke through only the top shell so that the knot is hidden on the underside. Stitch all layers together the same way you stitched the shells, pulling them all together tightly. If possible, try to retrace the stitches you made on the shells originally (as this will look best but is more time-consuming).
10. Stitch until you reach the end and pull all layers together tightly before pressing the needle through only one layer and knotting the thread with a double or triple knot the same way you did before.
11. Lastly, trim the excess 'filling' so that it fits close to the shells, taking precautions so that you don’t trim the ruffles. Then your macaron is all done!

2. Knotty spider

Credit: YouTube: Purina Friskies

Made from felt and a plastic ring from a milk container, this cheap and cheerful lightweight toy is ideal for swatting, biting, and pouncing. It will keep your little bundle of fluff happily engrossed for hours.

What you’ll need:

• Two sheets of felt
• A large plastic ring from a milk container
• Scissors

Instructions:

1. Cut the felt into slim strips maybe 2cm thick.

2. Wrap the felt around the ring and create a knot.

3. Keep tying them until you use all of the felt

3. Kitten puzzle toy

Credit: YouTube: Cat Lessons

It’s never too early to provide your kitten with toys that will stimulate both their bodies and their minds, and this puzzle toy is sure to give their brain a workout. We recommend filling the cavities with a few of the best kitten treats to make this toy even more exciting for your feline fur baby.

What you’ll need:

• A box with a paper injection mold
• A pencil
• Box cutter

Instructions:

1. Remove the paper injection mold.

2. Draw holes with a pencil on the underside of the mold.

3. Cut the holes using the box cutter and smooth the edges.

4. Disassemble the box and draw a frame on the top.

5 Cut the frame and assemble the box.

6. Insert some toys, place the mold back in the box upside down and allow your cat to try and grab the toys from the holes.

4. Feather cork cat toys

Feathers tap into a cat’s natural predator instinct – they associate feathers with birds and small animals. While that may sound a little gruesome, adding feathers to play at least focuses their attention on a toy.

What you’ll need:

• Corks
• Feathers
• Screwdriver
• Hot Glue

Instructions:

1. Drill a hole into your cork using a screwdriver. Be sure it is deep enough to fit the stems of the feathers.
2. Using some hot glue, secure the feathers into the cork.
3. And voila! You have a feather cork cat toy for your playful feline friend.

5. DIY whack-a-mole cardboard cat toy

Credit: YouTube: The Q

Guaranteed to provide you and your feline friend with hours of fun and laughter, this entertaining toy will help to train your kitten’s reaction times and concentration, making it both enjoyable and educational.

What you’ll need:

• Cardboard
• Ruler
• Pencil
• Box cutter
• Wire
• Wire cutter
• Tube
• Some toys

Instructions:

This one is quite a complicated build and it’s far easier to watch the video than to follow a set of written instructions.

How do you mentally stimulate a kitten?

There are so many ways to mentally stimulate a kitten, and the good news is that none of them are too taxing! After all most kittens are highly inquisitive, eager to learn, and want to explore how the world works, so they don’t take much encouragement.

1. Play
Dr. MacMillan says: "The most obvious way to stimulate a kitten is through play. Play is how kittens learn, socialize, and practice natural behaviors like running and pouncing. The act of stalking and anticipating which way a toy is going to move next, really gets their brains whirring.

"Try a mixture of toys such as fishing rods, balls, and kicker toys to keep them interested. They will probably enjoy playing with you the most, but many kittens will also go for interactive or self-powered toys, especially while you are out."

2. Climbing spaces
"Providing your kitten with plenty of places to climb (like the best cat trees) and hide will also keep them mentally stimulated as well as physically active."

3. Puzzle feeders
"Using puzzle feeders [like this one on Amazon] or treat dispensers is a great way to motivate some kittens. Encouraging them to work their brains for a tasty reward will keep boredom at bay."

4. Teaching tricks
"Teaching a cat to do tricks is possible with patience and positive reinforcement. Just keep training sessions short to make sure your kitten stays engaged."

5. Quality time
"Spending time simply stroking your kitten will also be good for their mental well-being too."

6. Cardboard boxes
"If all else fails, give them a cardboard box! Most kittens, and even adult cats, love a cardboard box!"

What toys do kittens enjoy the most?

We asked Dr. MacMillan what the best type of kitten toy is – here's what she said:

"It's best to provide your kitten with a variety of toys while you work out what their favorites are, as each cat is different. There is not one perfect toy for all kittens. Plenty love a feather on a stick to grab or a crinkle ball to bat around, whereas others go mad for a catnip-filled soft toy.

"To stop them becoming bored, try using a toy rotation system rather than having them all out at once. By keeping some of their toys out, then after a few days, swapping them over for others, you will help to keep things fresh and interesting for your kitten.

"As a reminder, if you decide to use a laser pointer toy with your kitten, make sure you give them something to catch as a reward at the end. If they have no physical ‘kill’ at the end of their game, it can lead to feelings of frustration and anxiety."

Enjoyed exploring these DIY kitten toys? You can also try your hand making one of these DIY cat hammocks for felines who love to lounge up high or a DIY cat window boxes you can try at home. Or, once you've made these creations, learn how to play with kitten

When a driver noticed a lone kitten on the side of the road, he instinctively knew what he needed to do.

Robert Brantley, from Louisiana, promptly paused his journey, turned back round, stopped and quickly found a single white and gray tabby – yet he wasn't prepared for what happened next.

After calling the baby feline over and picking him up to film on his phone, he noticed three more meowing kittens appearing from the nearby grass.

“Oh, my gosh!,” he says, clearly startled. “I can't take ya'll. Oh, my gosh!” It was then that even more kittens began to appear, heading straight towards Brantley. 

“Oh, my gosh, there's more,” he continues. “We got a kitten problem. Who would do this? I thought I was saving one. Hot diggity dog.”

Within seconds, the 37-year-old found himself with 13 kittens congregating around his feet. He then decided to do the right thing and rescue the lot!

• Stray cat shows off kittens to trusted human in viral video that is melting hearts online

This was easier said than done. As he tried to pop each one into his Honda hatchback, the kittens would jump back out again. He ended up winding down the windows and keeping the doors closed, realizing they'd be too small to leap out.

Brantley believes the kittens had been abandoned because he could not find the mother cat. He is now in the process of finding good homes for them all, although he's looking to keep two or three for his own family.

Since the moment went viral on TikTok, courtesy of a user called Lauren René Allen, Bentley has been inundated with offers. The video, based on Brantley's Facebook post, has been viewed more than 20 million times. Another video on Twitter has been seen a further million times.

Brantley and his wife, Courtney, have since posted more footage of the kittens being given a bath and laying in a cart.

• Can kittens drink milk? Is it harmful and what types can they consume?

update_on_the_13_kittens_that_ambushed_this_man from r/aww

Can kittens drink milk? We know that a saucer filled with warm cow's milk is one of their favorite treats, but we were surprised to learn that while it may seem harmless, milk has the potential to make our fur friend sick.

For the first four weeks of their life, kittens exist solely on their mother’s milk or a good-quality kitten formula. Once they’ve been weaned, vets recommend they slowly transition over to the best kitten food - typically starting with wet food first and then moving on to dry if they enjoy this. 

Once they start eating solid food, kittens lose the ability to break down lactose and many go on to become lactose intolerant. Putting a saucer of milk in front of them can lead to a whole host of gastrointestinal problems, including diarrhea and vomiting, which can in turn result in a kitten not eating.  

We wanted to understand the complex issue of kittens drinking milk in greater detail, so we turned to expert vet Dr. Hannah Godfrey to find out more. Below, she reveals exactly what happens when a kitten drinks milk and whether there are any safe alternatives you can offer your young fur friend. Let’s take a look…

Is milk good for kittens?

Let's get one thing out of the way first. If you give milk to a kitten, you'll find that they absolutely love it. It's creamy, it's tasty and cats are attracted to the smell of the fats and proteins contained within dairy.

But just because kittens (and adult cats) enjoy the taste of milk doesn't mean it's in any way good for them. The main problem is that most of our feline friends soon become lactose intolerant which means they don't have the lactase enzyme that's needed to digest cow milk.

"I’ve known plenty of kitten owners give their kitten cow’s milk thinking it’s the best thing for them," says Godfrey. "However, any milk other than kitten formula is not good for kittens or adult cats, since they don’t have lactase, the enzyme needed to break down lactose."

To that end, it should never form part of a kitten's daily diet and neither should it be used as a treat. Instead, you should digest our top kitten feeding tips to see how you can raise a healthy kitty and remember that milk doesn't contain the essential nutrients needed for health or growth, and the nutrients that it does contain aren’t easily absorbed due to the vomiting and diarrhea symptoms caused.

If kittens are given it often, then they could even come to depend on it and prefer to drink rather than eat. Again, this will make them nutritionally deficient while also giving them a diet high in fat and potentially ongoing gastrointestinal upsets.

What milk can kittens drink?

The only milk newborn kittens should drink is the milk produced by their mothers. They will drink this until they are weaned around the age of four-weeks, at which point most (but not all) kittens start to lose the ability to digest the sugar found in the liquid.

If, however, the kitten is an orphan or needs to be fed by hand, they could be given “kitten milk formula”, again up to four or five-weeks-old. This replacer is created to provide the nutrition found in their mother's milk and it contains less lactose or, in some cases, no lactose at all.

"I usually suggest to owners that kittens drink kitten formula milk when they are under four weeks old or during weaning. After this they should only be offered water," says Godfrey.

What happens if a kitten drinks milk?

"Cow’s milk or milk from another animal can cause kittens to develop vomiting or diarrhea, and I still see kittens with upset stomach symptoms because they’ve been given milk," Godfrey explains.

Given how small kittens are, this puts a lot of strain on their tiny bodies. Milk can also cause a cat to become deficient in many vitamins and minerals while consuming a diet rich in fat, potentially causing unwanted weight gain.

Solid food is always the best way forward, supplemented by water. Seek help if you're having problems with a kitten not eating and try our fixes if you're experiencing common kitten behavior problems. 

Moggies can also be encouraged to drink water with the best pet water fountains. As we've already said, water is always preferable to milk once a kitten has been weaned.

Should I give kittens goat's milk instead?

You will find many cat owners and some veterinarians will instead recommend giving goat's milk to kittens but it's not quite as simple as switching animals. Goat's milk also contains lactose even if it's not as abundant as in cow's milk and while it may be lower in fat, it's by no means fat-free. 

"I don’t recommend that owners give their kittens goat’s milk because it’s not necessary. If they are at or below weaning age they should have kitten formula and if they’re older then water is best," Godfrey advises.

For more advice on what your cat can and can’t consume, take a look at ‘can kittens have catnip?’ for our thoughts on this popular plant and whether it’s safe for your little one.  Or, read about what cats should drink.

Trying to manage aggressive kittens is not at all what comes to mind when you think about welcoming a new little bundle of fluff into your family, and yet, that’s sometimes exactly what cat owners find themselves having to deal with.

While you may have spent ages researching the best kitten food and investing in quality toys, you probably didn’t give a great deal of thought to the possibility that you may end up with a kitten who hisses at you, bites, scratches and marks all the furniture. 

There are so many things to consider when you get a kitten and understanding what aggression is, how it manifests and what you can do to prevent it, can be really helpful. There are all sorts of situations that may cause a kitten to behave aggressively, and being aware of these can help you manage any issues that may arise.

To get to the bottom of this complex issue, we invested the help of expert vet, Dr. Rebecca MacMillan, who shared her thoughts with us on why your kitten may be behaving aggressively, how to know if they’re being aggressive or simply engaging in rough play, and what you can do to put a stop to aggressive behavior before it gets out of hand. 

Signs of an aggressive kitten

So, how can you tell the difference between over-exuberant kitten behavior and actual aggression? There are a few signs to look out for:

1. Biting and scratching

Is your kitten biting you or scratching you a little too much? Obviously not all biting and scratching from a kitten is necessarily aggressive; it could simply be that they're getting over-stimulated during playtime. However if your kitten starts attacking you at random moments there could be a bit more to it than that.

2. Hissing

Kittens know that hissing is a threat; it's one of the earliest lessons they learn from their moms, who will hiss at very young kittens as a form of warning. If your kitten hisses at you it's a sign that it's feeling threatened or scared.

3. Marking

Another thing a kitten might do if it's feeling scared or threatened or even bored is mark its territory, something that you definitely don't want around the house.

4. Aggressive body language

Every cat owner needs to know the physical cues that a cat might express when it's feeling aggressive, frightened or threatened. Crouching, flat ears turned backwards, dilated pupils, arched backs and bottle-brush tails are all signs that something isn't right, and that you should approach with caution.

Why is my kitten being aggressive?

There's no simple explanation as to why your kitten might be acting aggressively; there are instead a number of possible reasons, and depending on your kitten's situation it could be any – and potentially a combination – of them. 

By keeping an eye on your kitten's behavior you should be able to deduce which of these reasons lie behind any aggressive outbursts.

1. Hunting and stalking instincts

In most kittens the most likely reason for aggressive behavior is its own instinct to hunt and stalk. Most kitten play is about polishing its hunting prowess, and sometimes this spills out beyond play-fighting with sibling and pouncing on toys, and your kitten sees your hands or feet as prey to be attacked. Thankfully this is easy to rectify; we'll come back to it later.

2. Lack of socialization

A kitten that's been weaned too early or hand-reared may not have had time to pick up all the important social cues that most cats take for granted, and this may result in aggression towards people and also to other cats, simply because it hasn't learned the rules.

3. Fear or curiosity

Fear and curiosity are two sides of the same coin; if your kitten's confronted by something unfamiliar it can react to it in either way, but in both instances the end result can be an aggressive lashing-out.

4. They're being territorial

If you've introduced a new kitten to a home shared with other pets, you'll have likely started it off by confining it to a single room before gradually introducing it to the rest of the household, as suggested in our guide to adopting a kitten. 

However, this could well result in your kitten seeing that particular room as its own territory, and it may not take kindly to its new housemates encroaching on its own domain. Similarly your kitten may well view its litter tray as its own personal space, and it'll be similarly cross if other pets get too close to it.

5. Boredom or overstimulation

Is your cat bored? An under- or over-stimulated kitten can be a dangerous little thing. If it's bored because it's not being played with enough, or if there aren't enough toys to play with or exciting places to explore, it may express its frustration through aggression. 

And at the other end of the scale, an over-excited cat – whether it's gotten carried away during playtime, or had enough of being cuddled and petted – can just as easily go on the attack.

6. Medical reasons

Finally, there could be a medical explanation for your kitten's behavior, which might well necessitate a trip to the vet. Kitten teething could easily result in a grumpy little feline, but that at least is something you can remedy with the best kitten teething toys, but other, more serious dental problems could make it act aggressively as well.

However if your kitten has an underlying medical condition, is in pain or if they have problems with their central nervous system, this could also result in aggressive behavior. If your kitten's showing other signs of possible ill health such as a change in appetite, weight loss, increased urination or vomiting, you should definitely get it to a vet to be checked out.

7. They don't like being touched

"Kittens can be aggressive for several reasons; one of these is being ‘touched out’ from too much petting," explains MacMillan. "Some kittens reach their limit quicker than others, so reduce the risk of them lashing out, try not to overwhelm your kitten with prolonged cuddles and forced interactions — short but frequent fusses are better."

How to stop aggression in kittens

If you've decided that your kitten's behaving more aggressively than usual, there's no need to panic; there are a number of ways you can address the problem and encourage better behavior in future.

1. Don't let them play with your hands or feet

Fingers and toes can be preternaturally inviting to a curious kitten, but letting it play with them is likely to result in pain for you. 

Focus your kitten's attention on toys instead, and should it attack your hands or feet you should keep very still and quiet until they lose interest, then distract them with one of the best kitten toys. Find more tips for safe and rewarding playtimes in our guide to how to play with a kitten.

2. Don't punish your kitten

If you've spent any time with cats you'll have probably learned that punishment has no effect on them whatsoever, and can often make matters worse. Cats simply don't associate punishment with whatever it is they've just done, so if you yell at your kitten for biting and scratching you it might well be scared, but it won't take that reaction as a lesson not to do it again.

Instead you should focus on positive reinforcement; if your kitten acts aggressively, refocus it on fun toys, then when it turns its attention to playing with them, reward it with effusive praise and one of the best kitten treats.

3. Time-outs can help

While punishment doesn't work on kittens, a bit of enforced quiet time can make a difference. If your kitten's acting up incessantly, try confining it to its own room for a short time (10 minutes or so should suffice), or simply ignore it completely. It may not sit down and think about what it's done, but it should at least give it time to calm down a little.

4. Don't adopt a kitten as your only pet

Consider getting a pair of kittens, as opposed to just one cat. While cats are naturally solitary animals and do ok living by themselves, sometimes having a sibling with whom they can learn healthy play habits, can be really helpful. Although, one word of caution — we wouldn't recommend adding a kitten into a home with an already aggressive cat, as this may make things worse. However, adopting two kittens at the same time is worth considering. 

Is my cat playing or being aggressive with me?

There's a fine line between rough play and aggression, so it can sometimes be hard to tell whether a kitten's got carried away in the excitement of playtime or if it's acting up. 

By understanding the signs above you should be able to tell the difference; in particular you should pay close attention to its body language, and also note whether it's attacking you during play, or launching itself at your feet when you're just walking past. The latter is a lot more likely to be an aggressive act.

Does kitten aggression go away?

In all likelihood, yes. If your kitten's had a normal upbringing, any acts of aggression are likely to be more to do with playtime getting a bit out of hand, which in turn teaches it useful boundaries that should result in less overtly aggressive behavior; by 16 weeks old most kittens have figured out acceptable limits of behavior. 

However if your kitten's behavior problems are more to do with inadequate socialization, you may well have to spend more time working with it in order to iron out its aggressive kinks; we can help with our guide to how to socialize a kitten.

Wondering how to play with a kitten? If you've just welcomed a new feline friend into your family, it's natural to feel overwhelmed about this. You might be unsure about what games are best to play with them, how long is too long for a play session and what you should do or avoid to ensure they don't develop any unhealthy behaviors.

That's where this guide will come in super useful. Once you've invested in a few of the best kitten toys and best cat toys to keep play time interesting, you'll find plenty of helpful advice below around the benefits of play, the ideal length of time to play with your kitten each day and our favorite ways to keep your beloved bundle of fluff entertained.

To ensure we're only sharing the most accurate information with you, we turned to expert vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan who has a wealth of experience in this area. She shares her thoughts below plus explains the one thing you want to avoid doing with your kitten when you're playing with them. Let's take a look...

What do kittens learn through play?

Cat play is the way in which kittens learn all the important cat skills; when they're little, it's through play, and rough and tumble with their siblings and their moms, that they learn important boundaries, pick up communication and social skills, and of course learn how to bite and use their claws effectively.

"Play is how kittens explore the world around them," Dr. MacMillan confirms. They will be busy learning things such as social etiquette, physical coordination, and hunting skills. Play is also a great way of forming bonds between siblings and their human owners. Through play, kittens can test things out in a safe and nurturing environment, much like human children do!"

As kittens get older, playtime becomes less about play-fighting with the rest of the litter and starts to focus more on objects, so that they can polish their hunting abilities.

Just as kittens learn some boundaries from playing with their litter, playing with you is just as important for learning their boundaries with people. Of course, play isn't just about learning; it also prevents boredom that can lead to common kitten behavior problems (such as aggression), and it gives them plenty of exercise, which is the best way to stop them putting on too much weight or developing health problems in the future.

How much time should you spend playing with your kitten?

Kittens basically have two modes: tearing about like human toddlers, and fast asleep. And while you can let them get on with it for most of the time, it's essential to set aside some time every day for structured playtime.

"You should aim to play with your kitten a few times every day, totaling around 20-30 minutes," Dr. MacMillan recommends. "Of course you should be led by your kitten, some will want more, others a bit less. Just pick times when your kitten is alert, active, and engaged, to get the most out of your play sessions."

Games to play with kittens

As we've mentioned, the games that kittens most like to play are the ones that teach them how to hunt and give them plenty of opportunities to practice their skills. And you'll be able to tell what these are just from the way in which your kitten plays by itself; it'll stalk and pounce on things, it'll bat at dangly items, and it'll grasp and bite toys.

So for fun and engaging kitten playtime, you'll need to supply toys that make these games even more exciting for your kitten:

1. Use a teaser wand

Perhaps the best kitten toy of all (and indeed one that's just as much fun for an adult cat) is some sort of dangly thing on a stick (or a teaser wand, if you prefer).

It's the ideal go-to kitten toy, because it covers all the bases; it's perfect for stalking, chasing and pouncing, you can dangle it for your kitten to bat at, and once it catches the dangly thing it can practice its killing skills.

One of the best things about teaser wands as that you can adjust the speed of play to suit your kitten. If you have a particularly high-energy cat breed (like the Bengal), a fast-paced game where you let them chase the teaser wand around the house will likely be a huge hit.

On the other hand, if you have a low-energy cat breed (like the Persian), you can move the teaser wand at a much slower pace. Perhaps moving it slowly around a chair leg to mimic the movement of prey or just gently rustling it back and forth. Play around with speed to see what your kitten prefers.

2. Fetch

Can cats play fetch? Some breeds absolutely can! If you have a Burmese, Siamese, Tonkinese, Bengal or manx, fetch can be a wonderful way to add some variety into their play routine.

You can try teaching your kitten to play fetch with a toy or a ball; throw it across the room, and if they chase it and bring it back, be sure to reward with praise and treat. And a plastic ball with a tinkly bell inside it can provide hours of entertainment for a kitten to play with by itself.

Need more ideas? Take a look at our guide to fun games to play with cats; they'll work just as well with kittens.

Should you let kittens play with your hands?

In short: no. As we said earlier, an important aspect of playing with a kitten is to teach it boundaries, and one thing you don't want to do is give your kitten the impression that your hands and fingers are toys to sink their teeth and claws into.

"It's definitely not a good idea to let your kitten play with your hands," says Dr. MacMillan. "While it may feel harmless when they are young, those teeth and claws will hurt much more as they get older! Also, while you may not mind, most visitors and young children won’t appreciate being bitten or scratched.

To avoid mixed messages, start as you mean to go on. Use appropriate kitten toys such as a fishing rod toy, keeping your hands well out of reach. If your kitten does go crazy for your fingers, remain as still, quiet, and boring as possible. Replace your hands with an appropriate kitten toy and heap praise on them for playing with it correctly. With consistency, they will soon get the message!"

Other ways to keep your kitten entertained

You can't be expected to play with your kitten every minute it's awake, but your kitten doesn't understand that, so it pays to make your home a place where there are plenty of ways for your kitten to entertain itself when you're busy doing human things.

1. Create the perfect playground for your kitty

Investing in one of the best cat trees is a great way to keep a keep a kitten occupied; it's perfect for climbing, scratching, hiding and of course settling down for a much-needed nap when it all gets a bit too much.

2. Consider a puzzle feeder

Another fine option would be a puzzle feeder, which will stimulate your kitten's hunting instincts and help them work out how to get food for themselves. You don't necessarily have to buy a full-size puzzle feeder; a plastic ball with room inside for a few pieces of kibble can make for a similarly rewarding toy.

3. Have kitten teething toys to hand

Like other young animals, kittens can be prone to teething problems as their adult teeth grow in; to make this situation less stressful, having some of the best kitten teething toys around can be a godsend.

4. Go DIY 

Don't forget that a few cardboard boxes and paper bags around your home can make for a fantastic kitten playground; lots of places to explore, hide and nap, for very little cost. And if you need more ideas, our guide to DIY cat toys and how to entertain indoor cats has some tips that work just as well with kittens.

While it's hard to resist the temptation of playing with a new kitten as much as possible, the novelty can slowly wear off as the weeks go by and real life starts getting in the way, but it's important to keep up a kitten playtime regime every day if you want your tiny, bitey fluffball to have the best possible life.

By setting aside a few minutes, a few times every day for playtime with your kitten, you can provide your kitten with plenty of exercise and excitement, and teach it valuable life skills. Keep it stimulating, keep it safe and, most of all, keep it fun!

You might also want to read: Can kittens have catnip? Or, learn how to make DIY kitten toys.

Edited by Megan Milstead.

When it comes to how to litter train a kitten, you’ll be relieved to hear that the process is relatively straight forward — which is good, because as a new pet parent you likely have a fairly long list of skills and behaviors you’re wanting to teach your little fur friend. 

Learning how to potty train a kitten early on using the best cat litter box can be a real lifesaver when it comes to preventing toileting issues down the line. It also gives your kitten a designated quiet place where they can do their business and it provides you with the huge benefit of an easy clean up!

Most cats already have that instinctive desire to bury their urine and feces, so you’ll likely find your kitten masters litter box training fairly quickly. However, just like when it comes to selecting the best kitten food, it may take a small amount of trial and error to find a box and a type of litter that appeals to your kitty, so don’t be afraid to experiment. 

To help you move through the training process quickly and easily, we spoke to vet Dr. Catherine Barnette to get her thoughts on how to potty train a kitten. Below, she shares her simple five-step process as well as her solutions for common litter box problems. Let’s take a look…

1. Gather the right supplies

There are two basic supplies that you will need to train your kitten: the best cat litter and a litter box. While these items probably seem straightforward, give some thought to your product selection. 

When searching for a litter box, you will find that there are a wide variety of available in pet supply stores. Some litter boxes are enclosed, some are open with high sides to minimize spilling, and some are open with low sides. Some litter boxes scoop themselves automatically, while others require you to do the scooping. (See our roundup of the best self-cleaning cat litter boxes, if you’re a more squeamish cat owner!) 

Many cats will happily use any litter box you offer, but others are more picky. To maximize your chances of success, consider purchasing two different types of litter boxes. Setting up both boxes can give your kitten the opportunity to select the type of litter box that she prefers. In general, most kittens prefer an open-top litter box with low sides, because it is easier to climb in and out of these types of boxes. 

Cat litter, like litter boxes, is also available in a seemingly-endless number of varieties. Most cat owners use clumping clay litter, but you can also find alternatives made from pine, recycled newspaper, and other materials. Many kittens use any type of litter that they are offered, but Dr. Jacqueline Neilson, a veterinary behaviorist, states that most cats  “prefer clumping litters and litters with activated carbon.” 

This preference is attributed to the texture and odor control of clumping litter, combined with the odor control properties of activated carbon. Purchasing a litter with these attributes can help maximize the likelihood that your kitten readily uses the litter box. 

2. Select the right litter box location

Don’t place the litter box in a noisy or unpleasant area. Ideally, the litter box should be in a quiet location, near where your kitten will spend most of her time.

A litter box that’s located far from the action, such as in a basement or out in the garage, is less likely to be used than a litter box that’s centrally-located and accessible. Although we’d all like to keep our kitten’s litter box out of sight, it’s important to think about convenience for your kitten. 

Many cat owners place their litter box in the laundry room. This is often okay, but it can be problematic if your kitten is afraid of the sounds that your washing machine and dryer make while running!

3. Limit litter box competition

When it comes to how to keep the peace in a multi-cat household,  you need enough litter boxes to limit competition. Having to compete with housemates or “wait in line” to use the litter box is inconvenient, increasing the likelihood that one of your cats will decide to eliminate outside of the litter box. 

In general, multi-cat families should have one more litter box than they have cats. So, if you have three cats, you should have at least four litter boxes. These boxes should be evenly distributed around your home, instead of placing them all in a single room. 

4. Introduce your kitten to the litter box

As soon as you bring your new kitten home, place her directly in the litter box. This will allow her to locate the box and become familiar with its appearance, smell, and location. For the first few days, take your kitten to the litter box several times per day, especially after meals and naps. 

In the early days, you can also confine your kitten to a small area of your home, near the litter box. Keeping her close to the litter box will reduce the likelihood that she wanders too far from the litter box and has an accident because she can’t make it back to the box in time. 

5. Keep the litter box clean

If your kitten does have an accident near or outside of the litter box, clean the area thoroughly using an enzymatic cleaner. Don’t punish your kitten for the accident. Instead, clean the area thoroughly, and ensure that the litter box and its surroundings remain clean.

Kittens prefer a clean litter box. Just like humans, cats do not want to use a dirty restroom! Keeping a litter box clean will encourage your kitten to use it, reducing the likelihood of accidents outside of the litter box. 

If you use clumping litter, scoop your kitten’s litter daily. This allows you to remove urine or feces that your kitten has left in the litter box, controlling odor. When you notice the litter is losing its fresh scent, or roughly once a week, dump all of the remaining litter and scrub the litter box. Use a mild dish soap to clean the box, to avoid leaving harsh chemical odors in the box. 

Check out our guide to 'do you know how (and how often) to clean litter boxes?' for more on this. 

How long does it take to litter-train a kitten?

Kittens are born with a natural desire to go potty in sand or soil. Many kittens also watch their mother bury their urine and feces in the sand, further reinforcing the desire to seek out a sandy spot to eliminate. A litter box is probably the most attractive sandy surface in your home; therefore, your kitten will likely begin using the litter box as soon as they are introduced to it. 

Some kittens may have occasional accidents until they become familiar with the location of the litter box. Additionally, like little kids, kittens sometimes become so distracted by play that they forget that they need to use the litter box. It may take time for your kitten to learn that they need to head to the litter box when they feel the urge to eliminate. By the time they are a few months old, though, most kittens are using their litter box reliably.

Solutions for common litter box problems

Still having trouble with litter training your kitten? These common solutions to everyday litter box problems can help put your training back on track! 

1. Rule out internal parasites

Intestinal parasites can cause loose stools, which may make litter box training difficult. All kittens need regular veterinary care, including fecal parasite examinations, deworming, and vaccines, but this is especially important in kittens with litter box issues. When it comes to how to treat a kitten with worms, it's best to consult with your vet. 

2. Make their litter box accessible and inviting

Next, focus on making your kitten’s litter box as inviting and accessible as possible. Some kittens get so distracted by playing that they cannot make it to the litter box when they need to go potty. Consider setting up several litter boxes around your home, so your kitten is never too far from a litter box. Alternatively, confine your kitten to a smaller area of your home that is close to the litter box.

Ensure that the litter box is inviting. Even young kittens prefer a clean litter box, so it’s important to ensure that you are scooping the litter box daily and performing a thorough cleaning (removing the litter and scrubbing the box) every week or two.

3. Try a different cat litter or litter box

Finally, try a different type of litter and/or a different style of litter box. Some cats have strong preferences for a certain type of litter or a certain style of box. Offering your cat an alternative can help you discover their preferences.

4. Talk to your veterinarian

If you are still having litter box issues after trying these tips, consult your veterinarian for more guidance.  

Although kittens can tolerate a wide variety of litter box situations, it will be easier to litter train a kitten if you have a good litter box setup. The habits that your kitten develops in these early months will carry forward for the rest of her life, so it’s important to proactively work to prevent problems from an early age.

For more helpful advice to help you navigate those first few months as a pet parent, be sure to take a look at these essential kitten training tips and how to reduce cat litter smells.

The best kitten training tips make taking care of your fur friend easy. Contrary to popular belief, cats aren't untrainable. In fact, giving your kitten proper training from the get-go is just as important as finding the best kitten food for their dietary requirements or the best kitten toys to give their mind and body a vigorous workout. 

Maybe you want to stop your kitty from pouncing on (or accidentally scratching) your feet. Perhaps you're keen to get your new fur baby acclimatized to being in a pet carrier, so travelling is easy and stress-free? Or, you may want to encourage good behavior in your home (and who can blame you?). Whatever your reasons are for wanting to train your kitten, there are several, simple but important, tricks that can help you avoid obnoxious behaviors or troublesome actions. 

To help you understand what kitten training tips are worth implementing, we asked veterinarian Dr Catherine Barnette DVM for her tips — so keep scrolling. Or, if you're wondering how best to nourish and look after your kitten, you might also be interested in our guide to the best wet cat food, the best dry cat foods, and the best microchip cat flaps to help you keep out unwanted guests.

A vet's guide to the best essential kitten training tips

1. Always use positive reinforcement

Dogs are bred to please humans. In many cases, a simple pat on the head is just as rewarding to a dog as a food treat.

Cats, on the other hand, are wired differently. They don’t necessarily care about pleasing humans, and this has an important impact on training.

To train your cat, you need to identify a reward that is truly motivating for your kitten. Food is usually your best bet; the way to a cat’s heart is through their stomach. Try commercial cat treats like those listed in our guide to the best cat treats, diced chicken, tuna, and even meat-flavored baby food, to identify your cat’s favorite treat. (If you choose baby food, read the label to ensure that the food doesn’t contain garlic or onions! Garlic and onions are toxic to cats, so it’s important to check all of the ingredients carefully.) 

Once you find a treat your cat loves, training will be much easier. 

Also, avoid the temptation to use punishment-based training techniques. A study in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior has shown that rewards-based training is the most effective option.

2. Teach your kitten to tolerate gentle handling

Caring for a cat requires a lot of handling. First, there’s routine grooming. Throughout your cat’s life, you will need to brush your cat, trim claws, and remove matted hair or debris that may be caught in your cat’s coat. Acclimatizing your kitten to this type of handling from the start will make these tasks easier in the future, as your kitten continues to grow. 

Also, take the time to hold your kitten and look at his or her coat, eyes and ears. Open your kitten’s mouth and take a look inside. Doing this a few times a week will ensure that your kitten will allow you and/or your veterinarian to do a hands-on exam when necessary.

3.Teach your kitten appropriate play

Kittens love to chase and pounce on anything that moves. Unfortunately, this can include your hands and feet! While this might be cute (or at least tolerable) when your kitten is young, it can be a serious problem when your kitten reaches adulthood.

Use the best kitten toys to play with your kitten. Toy mice or a teaser wand (a feather on a string at the end of a pole) can help your kitten burn excess energy while preserving your delicate skin. Reward your kitten for playing with these toys and others. Make a point to discourage rough or violent play, by redirecting your kitten towards more appropriate activities.

4. Socialize your kitten from early on

Animals are most receptive to new people, places, and things when they are young. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, the critical socialization period for kittens, or the age during which they are most receptive to new situations, is from three to nine weeks of age. If you obtain your kitten before they reach nine weeks of age, you have an incredibly valuable opportunity to socialize your kitten. Even after nine weeks, however, your kitten is still more open to new experiences than they will be as an adult, so start socializing your kitten right away.

Ensure that your kitten’s exposure to new people and places is positive. When you have guests, encourage them to interact with your kitten. Use tasty treats to make those interactions positive. When you take your kitten for a veterinary visit, seek out a veterinarian who will make that visit as low-stress as possible, and use food rewards to make the experience a pleasant one. These measures will ensure that your kitten remains friendly and open to new situations in adulthood, instead of being a shy kitten that runs and hides every time someone sets foot in your home. 

5. Acclimatize your kitten to a pet carrier

There will probably be times when your kitten must travel in a pet carrier. Whether you’re driving across town for a veterinary appointment or embarking on a cross-country road trip, confining your cat decreases your cat’s risk of injury and escape. 

Many cats dislike carriers because they are afraid of them. They may cry and meow during travel, becoming increasingly stressed. Acclimatizing your kitten to their carrier from an early age can decrease the stress associated with travel, resulting in a more positive experience for you and your cat. 

Place your kitten’s carrier in the main area of your home, and leave the door open. Toss a few treats or toys in the carrier, to encourage your kitten to enter the carrier and explore. Consider feeding your kitten a few meals in the carrier, to further increase positive association. Doing this gradually can help make the carrier a less frightening prospect for your kitten. 

The bottom line? Invest for the long term

Kittens are so sweet and adorable that it’s easy to focus only on the present, neglecting to think about kitten training. But do make a conscious effort to think about the long term. You will have this kitten for the rest of his or her lifespan, so you want to take steps during the early days to make the rest of that lifespan as enjoyable as possible!

Looking for more great training tips? You’ll find them in our guide to the most common kitten behavior problems and how to fix them. 

Bringing a new furry bundle of joy home to join your family is an exciting time, but what about your kitten's first vet visit? Isn't that a bit scary?

We've got information on everything you need to know to prepare for the appointment, from arranging the perfect cat carrier in advance to create a stress-free environment, to vaccinations, health checks, and parasite treatments. So, when your veterinarian is doing their examination, you'll know exactly what they're looking for.

You can also write down any concerns you have in advance so that you don’t forget when you’re put on the spot! Rest assured, there's nothing for you or your new kitty to be afraid of.

• Best kitten food: Wet and dry options for your young cat
• How often should I feed my kitten? A vet’s advice
• How to socialize a kitten: teach your young cat good manners

When should I first take my kitten to the vet? 

It's best to take your kitten to the veterinarian a few days after bringing them home. This gives them a chance to settle in and time for any stress-induced problems like diarrhea or a picky appetite to subside. 

Your kitten may have already had a veterinary health check organised by the breeder, but that doesn’t mean they shouldn't have one with you. Your kitten will have vaccinations due from eight weeks old, so it’s important to schedule an appointment as soon as possible. If the vaccination course has been started, check with the breeder when the next vaccination is due.

Scheduling a vet’s appointment for your kitten 

Once you know which veterinary clinic you would like to use, it’s worth calling them to register as soon as possible, even if you don’t need an appointment yet. This will ensure that your kitty has veterinary care if there is an unexpected emergency or injury. 

When registering, make sure you ask about the clinic's opening times and what to do in case of emergency if the practice is closed. When calling to book your kitten's first vet visit appointment, make sure you give plenty of notice to secure an appointment that suits you and fits in with your kitten’s vaccine and parasite treatment schedule.

What to consider before you go 

To prepare for the appointment, keep an eye on your kitten’s eating, drinking, and toileting habits so that you can make a note of any concerns. You should also find out when or if your kitten has had vaccinations, worm, and flea treatment, and whether they had any health issues in their previous home.

It's worth making a list of any questions about your kitten's health or caring for them in general. You can find out more about caring for your new kitten in our vet's article.  

 What to take to your appointment 

• You should bring any paperwork provided by the breeder, from vaccination cards to worming schedules
• A comfortable cat carrier with an absorbent puppy pad in it. It’s also worth putting a soft blanket or an item of clothing that smells of you in the carrier to put your cat at ease.
• Some cat treats to make visiting the vet as pleasant as possible for your favorite little feline. We've listed some of the best kitten treats for your young kitten in our guide.
• Don’t forget your list of questions!

What to expect at your appointment 

When you arrive at your appointment, the veterinarian will call you into their room and spend some time making your kitty feel at ease. 

They’ll coax them out of the carrier and make a fuss of them before checking them from head to toe… or should it be ‘tail’? They’ll do a thorough examination, listening to their heart, checking their mouth, and feeling their belly. They’ll ask you about your kitten’s appetite, toileting, and behavior and whether you have any concerns. 

Now's the time to get out your list of questions and fire away! Whether it's frustrating kitten behavior problems or you can't decide which kitten food is the best, your vet will be happy to help. 

Kitten vaccinations 

Your kitten should have a course of vaccinations to protect them against Herpes virus, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia virus. This combined vaccine is known as FVRCP and should be given at eight weeks of age, then twelve and sixteen weeks. 

Your kitten will also need a rabies shot, which should be given at sixteen weeks. If you’re outside of the US, your kitty might not need a rabies shot, and they might only need two RCP injections.

However, they're more likely to need a vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV). It’s best to speak to your veterinarian to find out more information.

Treatment for your kitten

Hopefully, your kitten will be given a clean bill of health. But if they are showing any signs of illness, your veterinarian might recommend some tests or treatment. A common condition amongst kittens is ear mite infestation, characterised by a dark brown waxy discharge in the ears. 

If your vet suspects ear mites, they might look at a sample of the wax under the microscope before recommending medicated ear drops, a spot on, or tablets. Your veterinarian will also recommend parasite treatment, which should be given monthly until six months of age. 

Conclusion

It feels like all fun and games when you bring a new kitten home. After all, they're full of mischief, and every minute is playtime! However, don't let their funny frolicking distract you from the responsibilities of being a kitten-mum or dad! With your veterinarian's help, you can make sure your kitten gets the best start in life! 

If you found this piece useful and are looking for more advice and guidance to help your feline friend thrive in the first year of life, our kitten care tips have got you covered. 

Food isn’t only designed to be tasty – it should also provide the essential ingredients needed to ensure your kitten has a great start in life. To that end, you should, at the very least, select the best kitten food as soon as a kitten has been transitioned from their mother’s milk at around four weeks old. At that point, kittens will begin to rely on the diet you provide for their vitamins, minerals, and overall nutrition.

One thing’s for sure, you need to treat kittens differently to adult cats. In the first year of life, a kitten needs a specific formula to support its growth and development. It’s also important to approach the feeding of kittens carefully and responsibly. With that in mind, we’ve asked expert vet Dr Catherine Barnette to share six kitten feeding tips (and what not to do). You can also find out more about raising a young cat by checking out our top six kitten care tips.

Top six kitten feeding tips for raising a strong and healthy cat

1. Slowly introduce new foods

Whether you are weaning a kitten or you’ve decided to switch to a different food, any changes must be made slowly. “Gradual transitions give your kitten a chance to acclimate to new food,” Dr Barnette says.

To avoid a kitten going on hunger strike – and to prevent the development of diarrhea or other gastrointestinal signs in response to a food change – offer a blend of old and new foods for about a week.

“On day one, add a very small amount of your kitten’s new food to a bowl of the old food,” Dr Barnette advises. “Then, each day, increase the quantity of new food while decreasing the quantity of old food. By mid-week, you should be feeding a 50-50 mixture of the old and new food. At the end of the week, you can completely eliminate the old food and solely feed the new diet.”

2. Feed a nutritionally complete, balanced diet

When we assess the best kitten food, we go to great lengths to ensure it provides complete and balanced nutrition appropriate for a cat’s required life stage. In doing so, we know that the task isn’t an easy one: pet food labels can be complex and difficult to read which means it’s sometimes hard to distinguish fact from marketing hype.

When evaluating a diet, Dr Barnette suggests paying careful attention to the food’s Nutritional Adequacy Statement which will be printed on the label, as described by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. A typical Nutritional Adequacy Statement for a balanced kitten food may tell you that a certain brand of cat food “provides complete and balanced nutrition for kittens.” In that case, you can be more confident that it’s appropriate.

“It’s important to feed a diet that is complete and balanced for kittens,” Dr Barnette affirms. “A diet that is intended solely for adult cats will not meet the needs of a growing kitten.”

3. Monitor your kitten’s appetite

You can’t just feed a kitten and walk away, feeling as if the job is done. Kittens are extremely active, and they need many calories to fuel their high-energy play. “It’s important to monitor your kitten’s food intake and make sure he or she is eating enough,” Dr Barnette says. “Feeding your kitten measured meals on a regular schedule (instead of feeding ‘free choice’ and keeping the bowl constantly full) will help you notice changes in your kitten’s food intake.”

There are certain things to watch out for, notably:

• A sudden decrease in appetite. Any decrease in appetite that lasts beyond a day or two should prompt a call to the veterinarian to schedule an appointment.
• A kitten not eating at all. This can be a sign of illness so call your vet immediately if the poor appetite is accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or other signs of illness.

4. Check your kitten’s weight

Although a kitten must eat a sufficient quantity of food, it’s also important your pet doesn’t become overweight or obese – particularly after a kitten has been spayed or had neuter surgery. ”Weight gain can occur at any time during a cat’s life, but spay/neuter surgery is known to slow a kitten’s metabolism and can contribute to weight gain if you don’t adjust your kitten’s diet accordingly,” Dr Barnette explains.

Indeed, you may notice a small amount of weight gain in the weeks and months after spay/neuter surgery, even without a corresponding increase in your kitten’s food intake. If so, simply decrease your kitten’s daily food intake by approximately 10%, to slightly reduce the number of calories your kitten is eating. If you need further assistance, talk to your vet for specific recommendations. If you're wondering, 'Why is my kitten always hungry?', be sure to read our helpful guide.

5. Introduce your kitten to both dry and canned foods

Many cat owners prefer the best dry cat foods because they are convenient and because the best wet cat food may be higher in cost (and require washing food bowls several times per day). But canned cat food has many benefits. “Canned food increases a cat’s water intake, which can aid in the prevention and treatment of kidney disease and lower urinary tract disease,” says Dr Barnette “Cats that eat canned food are also less likely to become obese.”

Cats’ dietary preferences are established at an early age so, if you feed a dry diet through your cat’s early years and then need to switch to wet food for medical reasons (for example, if your cat develops urinary tract disease), you may run into trouble. Feeding a combination of dry and canned cat food during your cat’s early years will keep your options open.

6. Feed high-quality kitten food for a year

Some pet owners switch to adult food too soon – often as early as eight or nine-months-old. Dont. “Even at this age, your kitten is still developing rapidly,” says Dr Barnette. “Switching to an adult food too early will rob your kitten of necessary nutrients that are needed for growth and development. Keep your kitten on high-quality kitten food until he or she reaches 12 full months of age. Then you can gradually transition to the best cat food for adults.”

If you are looking for more support, it’s worth addressing the question How often should I feed my kitten? Expert vet Dr Joanna Woodnutt reveals the proper portion sizes at various stages of a kitten’s life. You might also want to learn how to tell if your kitten is overweight.

We know that children’s chompers fall out after a few years, but if you’ve recently welcomed a baby kitty into your home you might be wondering: do kittens lose their teeth? And, If they do, when does it happen and where do the little teeth actually go?

Knowing the answer can be useful. It could play a part in deciding on the best kitten food to feed your pet and it will help you to better understand the early stages your cat will go through en route to adulthood. You will be able to address issues such as kitten teething and learn answers to other questions, such as when can kittens eat dry food?

So let’s take a look at the issue of kitten “baby” teeth and whether or not cats have – and then subsequently lose – them.

Do kittens have baby teeth?

Kittens are born without teeth but they begin growing them after two to four weeks. The incisors and canines appear first, followed by pre-molars and all of a kitten’s 26 teeth have emerged by the age of five to eight weeks.

These are deemed to be baby teeth – although the correct name for them is deciduous teeth. The answer to do kittens lose their teeth? It’s a yes.

In the very same way that adult humans don’t walk around with tiny teeth, neither do adult cats. But that’s not to say the baby teeth aren’t effective. They may be smaller and more delicate than full-size cat teeth, with a slightly translucent appearance, but they're also very sharp. You may discover this to your cost if your kitten is biting you during playtime.

When do kittens start losing their baby teeth?

Kittens only retain their deciduous teeth for about four weeks. They begin to fall out gradually after 12 weeks to make room for adult teeth as and when they begin to emerge beneath.

The first incisors should start to appear from around three-and-a-half months of age and it takes another month or so for all 12 of them to emerge. A cat’s four canines (that is, its fangs) should show up at five months, while its four molars come in between four and five months.

The last cat teeth to appear in full are the 10 premolars. They begin to erupt at about four-and-a-half months. By six months, all 30 adult teeth will have emerged and a kitten's baby teeth should be long-gone.

Where do kittens’ teeth go when then fall out?

Baby teeth either fall out of the mouth or they’re swallowed. If the latter happens, don’t worry – the tooth fairy will be understandably miffed at having missed out on another addition to her collection but baby teeth are small enough to be consumed.

Companion animal vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan says: “Most owners won’t even notice when their kitten starts losing their baby teeth. Kittens usually teethe without any problem, but if you’re observant there are a couple of things you might see. You may find a little blood on their toys or, very occasionally, a tooth in their bed or food bowl.

“It is perfectly fine for a kitten to swallow a tooth; it happens all the time!” she continues. “In all my years in practice, I have never seen a kitten with a problem following the ingestion of a tooth. Most teeth are swallowed, it is uncommon to find loose teeth in your home. These will pass through the digestive tract without issue.”

What do I do if my kitten’s baby teeth are not falling out?

Occasionally the odd deciduous tooth may not fall out properly, which can mean that the adult tooth replacing it won't grow correctly, or it might get cracked. It's an unlikely situation but one that's worth keeping an eye out for; if your kitten's mouth seems a little overcrowded with the appearance of two rows of teeth, you should get it checked out by a vet who can look for problems and extract the offending baby teeth if necessary.

Do kittens hurt when teething ?

The answer to this question depends on your kitten. Some take the emergence of teeth in their stride while others may find the kitten teething process a little more challenging. Having sharp teeth erupting through your gums can't be much fun and there are certain signs of distress.

Excessive chewing: Your kitten may react by eating less or starting to chew things to relieve their discomfort. Usual hotspots are toys, furniture, your fingers and their own paws.

More drooling: If you’re wondering why is my cat drooling then this could be the answer. During teething kittens might drool and paw at their mouth.

Sore gums: You may notice that your kitten’s gums appear a little inflamed and they could be more tentative when eating, especially dry food.

Greater grumpiness: A kitten may be more grumpy than usual and perhaps even groom themselves less often.

These are all natural reactions to teething that should pass once your kitten's teeth have come through. But that's not to say you shouldn't try to help your kitten out to make the teething process less traumatic. Check out the best kitten teething toys and maybe consider switching to the best wet cat food to make it easier and more comfortable for kittens to chew.

If it seems your kitten is in a lot more pain than it should be, err on the side of caution and take it to the vet to be checked out.

How can I help my teething kitten?

Thankfully, there are ways to help your kitten manage teething pain. Dr MacMillan says: “You can support your kitten through this time by providing them with a variety of toys to chew on. Offer different textures such as hard rubber as well as fabric toys.

“Some kittens may get comfort by chewing on a toy that has been chilled in the fridge or freezer first. If your kitten is struggling with their dry food, you could try offering more wet food or soaking their dry kibbles in a little warm water to make them easier to tackle.”

Dr MacMillan also offers a word of caution. “You should also make sure any valuable possessions are kept well out of reach, to avoid them accidentally being chewed,” she adds. “Similarly, any dangerous items like loose electrical cables or plants cats are allergic to should be tidied away, out of reach.”

When should I seek a vet’s advice?

For a kitten, losing baby teeth and growing a new set of adult cat teeth over an impressively short period is just a normal part of growing up, and usually, you'll be able to simply let it get on with it. But if it seems your kitten is in a lot more pain than it should be, err on the side of caution and take it to the vet to be checked out.

Keen to make the teething process as pain-free as possible for your little one? The best kitten teething toys will help you through. Or learn about gingivitis in cats

When you were first thinking of adding a little feline to your family, your new kitten biting you probably never crossed your mind. After all, most of us associate getting a kitten with lots of playtime and cuddles, so having your limbs used as their favorite chew toy may have come as quite a shock!

If you spent ages researching the best kitten food, selecting a cozy and comfortable bed, and getting their litter box all set up, you may be wondering what you’ve done to deserve being bitten. But rest assured, your kitten isn’t deliberately trying to harm you. 

Biting is a very normal behavior for kittens and while it can be related to aggression, most often biting is the way your beloved bundle of fluff explores the big and exciting world they’ve just found themselves in. It can also be a way to get your attention and can also happen during teething, but the good news is, this behavior can be overcome.

When it comes to things to consider when you get a kitten, ensuring you have time to engage in consistent training with your fur friend is going to be key — especially when it comes to stopping biting behaviors. For advice on the best way to phase out biting, we spoke to expert vet Dr. Hannah Godfrey. Here’s what she had to say…

Why is your kitten biting you?

When newborn kittens are with their littermates, biting each other while they’re playing and cuddling is very normal behavior. Once you’ve welcomed the newest addition to your family into your home, there are several reasons why they may continue to bite, even though they are no longer with their brothers and sisters.

1. They’re exploring their world

Just like puppies, kittens explore their world using their mouths. This is how they interact with their surroundings and learn about their new environment. Biting is also part of the instinctive hunting skills that all kittens have inside of them and so it’s normal for them to bite while chasing, pouncing, play-hunting and play-fighting.

2. Play aggression

Rough play is basically your kitten practicing for when they’re an adult when they may need to use their chase and catch prey drive. Dr. Nicholas Dodman, professor and clinical behaviorist at Tufts University College of Veterinary Medicine, explains: 

“Kittens are adorable, but when they are around four months of age, a dark side usually emerges – a side that involves seemingly diabolical aggression,” Dodman says. “As troubling as the attacks can be, play aggression is a normal part of kittens’ development.”

Dodman says that your kitten biting you has nothing to do with wanting to hurt you. Instead, they’re simply trying to gain those valuable hunting skills that they’d be reliant on if they were in the wild.

3. They want attention

Your kitten may give you a little nip, known as a ‘love bite’ in order to demand your attention. Kitten’s actually see it as a fun game when they playfully bite you and get a reaction, so being mindful of that is key. 

"When your kitten bites you, you probably say ‘Ow’ or shout out in shock (it’s not easy not to!). Even though your reaction isn’t particularly pleasant, you’re still giving your kitten your undivided attention in that moment, which might be all your kitten wants," explains Godfrey.

4. Teething time

Between the ages of three to six months, you’re going to want to have a supply of the best kitten teething toys on hand as those baby gnashers start to fall out and give way to adult chompers. During these few kitten teething months, you may notice an increase in biting behavior as your kitten seeks to soothe their sore gums - teething toys can help you redirect this behavior onto a more appropriate object.

"Kittens often get a bit bitey around teething time, and I’ve had owners come to me concerned that this means they have a nasty cat. I always reassure them that biting at this age is normal and as long as it’s redirected and not encouraged it’s usually a phase," explains Godfrey. 

5. They’re communicating a boundary

Sometimes, your kitten biting you will be their way of letting you know that they don’t want to be handled or they’ve had enough petting for the time being. Always respect your kitten’s limits and don’t try to force them to interact with you if they don’t want to.

How to get your kitten to stop biting

While you may not have a lot of control over the reasons your kitten is biting, where you can take charge is in teaching them that this behavior isn’t acceptable. There are five essential kitten training tips when it comes to doing this, let’s take a look at each one in detail:

1. Redirect their attention towards toys

Part of the reason your kitten loves biting you so much is because they absolutely adore playing and for the most part, biting really is just one big game to them. In order to teach polite play habits, what you’re going to need to do is to redirect their attention towards a more appropriate object.

The best kitten toys are your best friend when it comes to doing this and we recommend you invest in several different types to keep your kitten interested and entertained. Try wand toys that you can move about, soft toys that they can paw at, and interactive toys, such as lasers and circuit tracks with balls, to see which sort of playthings appeal to your kitten the most.

"Be aware, though, that toys like lasers that encourage pouncing on something they’ll never be able to catch can lead to frustration and worsen their behavior. That’s why, when using a wand toy, it’s important to allow them the satisfaction of succeeding sometimes!," Godfrey advises. 

2. Use your voice

An easy and effective way to put a stop to biting is to use your voice to teach your kitten that you don’t like being bitten. There are two methods you can use to do this, the first of these is the hissing method. This is super effective for younger kittens because a hiss mimics the sound their mother would make when she was displeased - simply make a sharp hissing sound whenever your kitten bites you.

The second method is the ‘ouch’ method. When your kitten bites you, let out a loud ‘ouch’ right away. This will cause your kitten to freeze and when you have their attention, you can gently pull your hand away. This is best used on kittens aged six months or over - younger kittens tend to respond better to the hiss method. 

"Don’t forget, though, that your playful fluff ball might be biting to get your attention, and in some cases any reaction from you will act as encouragement and reinforce the behavior," says Godfrey. 

3. Stop play

Your kitten needs to learn that if they bite, there’s a negative consequence and in this case, that means that playtime or petting time needs to come to an end. When you stop any form of positive attention, your kitten learns that biting equals not being able to get what they want and so they’ll soon quit doing this if there’s no reward in it for them.

Every time your kitten bites you, immediately stop playing with them or petting with them. Only resume what you’re doing when your kitten is calm and you have their attention. Continue to repeat the stop method until your kitten learns that if they want to bond with you, they need to play nice.

"Ignoring your kitten and stopping play as soon as your kitten starts to bite is a great way to help them get the message that biting is a no-go," confirms Godfrey. "Your kitten will want to spend time lots of time playing and interacting with you, and they’ll soon learn that this behavior means they’ll miss out."

4. Praise your kitten

Positive reinforcement is always going to be so much more effective than negative reinforcement, so every time your kitten mouths you without using their teeth or plays with you without biting or lets you pet them without playfully trying to attack you, make sure you give them lots of verbal praise. The best kitten treats can also be a great weapon to have in your arsenal - you’ll be amazed at how quickly our pets can master things when there’s food involved! 

"Alongside this, you can completely ignore the negative behavior, and even stop play and ignore them altogether," Godfrey advises. "This gives them a direct comparison between the reward and interaction they gain from not biting."

5. Be consistent

Learning how to train and socialize a kitten takes patience and perseverance, but you will see great results as long as you’re consistent. Make sure that you hold firm and continue to reinforce the behavior you do want to see, while ignoring the behavior you don’t. If there are other adults in the home, make sure that everyone is on the same page when it comes to training so that your kitten knows that all their humans are singing from the same song sheet. 

"It’s so hard to be consistent and not give big negative reactions if your kitten is biting and it hurts, but stick at it, and if you’re concerned things aren’t improving your vet will be able to give advice or even refer you to a behaviorist, if necessary," advises Godfrey. 

Alongside biting, you may also notice several other normal but undesirable behaviors in your little feline friend. For more on what these are and how to address them, take a look at our guide to the most common kitten behavior problems.  If you’re wondering why your cat licks their lips, a vet reveals seven reasons in this feature. 

With the best kitten teething toys to hand, you’ll not only make life more comfortable for your pet, you’ll also be able to protect your fingers, clothing, furniture and other belongings. Without a suitable distraction, teething kittens can become aggressive and destructive as they seek to soothe their sore gums. The best teething toys give them something else to mouth and it also teaches them appropriate chewing behavior from an early age.

In this guide we’re going to look at some of the best kitten teething toys while seeking guidance from expert vet Dr. Hannah Godfrey who firmly advises you to invest.

“Kitten teething toys are great and allow your kitten to relieve some of their discomfort while keeping your fingers intact,” she says. So let’s take a look at the best of what’s available.

The best kitten teething toys

How we chose the best teething toys for kittens

In order to be effective, we recognised that a teething toy needs to be attractive. Cats are fickle creatures at the best of times so we were on the lookout for toys that would not only attract their attention but manage to hold it for a short but not insignificant amount of time.

We focussed primarily, then, on kitten teething toys made from a softer, easily chewable material, which acknowledges kittens won’t be teething for too long and therefore wouldn’t need heavy duty rubber options. That said, it’s always important that a teething toy is durable so as to avoid potential injury or choking.

When does teething in kittens start?

Teething begins early in life for kittens, explains expert vet Dr. Hannah Godfrey.

“Kittens lose their 'baby' teeth at around three or four-months-old – and while they're teething, you might find that they bite or chew things more.”

The good news is that they will only teeth for a few weeks but that doesn’t mean it isn’t a crucial stage nor that you can’t reap some benefits by taking positive action at this time.

Signs a kitten is teething

Teething is entirely natural but it can make pet owners concerned. Key signs include....

• decreased appetite
• excessive chewing
• red, inflamed or bleeding gums
• less frequent grooming
• pawing at mouth

Why are teething toys for kittens important?

Cats can display unwanted behavior when teething and this behavior can become normalised if their actions are not managed.

“Pet owners sometimes come to me for advice when their kitten is teething, especially if they're not sure why their kitten has developed a sudden tendency to bite,” explains Dr Godfrey, who says that taking action during the temporary teething phase can make for a better behaved cat.

“If kittens aren't encouraged to bite hands (or feet!) and are provided with something else to redirect this behavior, they won't usually continue biting in the long term.”

Here are some ways you can stop your kitten biting you.

Which teething toys are most effective?

In general, you should be paying attention to the material a toy is made from and pick toys that your kitten will find easy and satisfying to mouth. Rubber, latex and foam do a great job of providing relief from teething pain, while cotton or plush materials are worth considering as these are easy to nibble on. Toys specifically created for teething kittens will usually have a surface suitable for chewing and be of an appropriate size for your pet.

“Choose a specifically-designed kitten teething toy, since these are less likely to break,” Dr Godfrey says.

Kitten teething toys to avoid

We recommend looking for toys made from non-toxic materials and it’s always a good idea to avoid anything that has small parts that your kitten might break off and accidentally swallow. You may also want to opt for durable playthings so you're not having to replace them every five seconds but be wary if teething appears to last longer than a couple of weeks or appears to be causing extreme discomfort.

“Teething doesn't usually last longer than a couple of weeks, and it shouldn't affect your kitten's appetite or cause them significant discomfort. If you're concerned that your kitten is in pain with teething, it's best to speak to a vet,” Dr Godfrey says.

Want to learn more? We’ve got a guide on how to brush your cat’s teeth, too! Or, I had no idea my cat had gingivitis! Here's how to prevent it

It’s a well-known fact that kittens are playful and always fighting for attention, but it’s not often you find that your feline friend has taken over the baby's chair. This viral post of Meep the kitten playing in a baby bouncer will instantly melt your heart. 

Posted on Reddit, the 30-second clip starts off with the caption, “My kitten uses the bouncer more than my kid. His name is Meep and does this on his own...even at 3 a.m.” 

It then shows the excitable kitten sat snugly in a colorful baby bouncer, happily playing with one of the hanging toys above. 

• Best kitten toys: Keep your young cat entertained
• Best kitten food: Give your moggy the best start in life
• Best kitten treats: Reward your young feline in style

It’s no surprise that this cute clip quickly went viral, garnering over 38.4k views, and received plenty of reactions. 

One user commented from the viewpoint of the kitten, "Meep: I’m the baby! Gotta love me!", while another gushed, "Can I take a second to say how adorable Meep is!?!! His toe beans peeking there is super cute."

Other users compared lovable fur babies to children and shared their own feline experiences with children’s toys. 

"Meep is such a sweetheart!" wrote user @bye_Nillu. "My late cat Sven loved when I took him in my arms and bounced him around like a baby, it seemed to calm him down."

While another netizen mentioned, "Our cat used to LOVE the fisher price door toy for toddlers. She would swing at the hanging parts, hit the buttons, and the door open repeatedly. She would only do it at night. The first time she did it we thought that we had an intruder!"

Of course, the majority of comments were focused on how cute Meep looks bouncing away, with his legs peeking out of the seat. 

Adorable Meep proves that you don’t need the best cat toys when you have an exciting baby bouncer to play with instead – even at 3am! 

While a mama cat will usually provide her newborn kittens with all the love, warmth, nutrition and affection that they need to thrive, it can be really helpful to know what to do if you find yourself in a situation where the mother isn’t around or isn’t able to care for her kittens. 

If your new fur friend is under four weeks of age, you won’t need to worry about feeding them the best kitten food as they get all the nutrients they need from their mother’s milk. However, if this isn’t available to them, you’ll need to bottle feed them using kitten formula. 

There will be other things to consider too, like keeping your kitten warm and helping them to poop. Plus, you’ll want to be aware of how to hold them correctly, what to do if you have a kitten not eating, and when it’s time to seek the assistance of a vet. 

We understand how daunting all of this can feel, which is why we sought the advice of expert vet Dr. Elizabeth Racine. In this guide, she explains the best ways for keeping your kitty warm, how to clean them and dry them, what to feed them and how often, and how you can provide your newborn kittens with the mental stimulation they need to stay happy and healthy. Plus, Dr. Rebecca MacMillan answers some of your most commonly asked questions. 

Keep them warm

One of the most vital aspects of caring for newborn kittens is keeping them warm.  Kittens under four weeks of age do not have the ability to regulate their own body temperature and must rely on outside sources of heat, such as their mother’s body heat, to keep warm.  Under normal conditions, the mother’s body heat would provide a warm environment of about 100-103 degrees Fahrenheit for the kittens.  If the kittens are to survive, they must be kept in a warm environment and you must provide a heat source for them.  The ideal ambient temperature for a kitten room is about 85 degrees Fahrenheit, with heat sources added to bring the temperature in the kittens’ enclosure to about 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

To provide a heat source for your kittens, consider purchasing microwavable heating discs such as Snuggle Safe heating pads.  You can also use a traditional heating pad if necessary, just be careful with the wires.  Whichever option you choose, be sure to wrap the heat source in a towel or blanket to ensure it does not burn the kittens.  Feel the heat source in your hands before giving it to the kittens and make sure it does not feel too hot or too cold.  Check your heat sources frequently and be sure to give your kittens an area of their enclosure where they can move away from the heat if they feel too hot.

Keep them clean and dry

In addition to keeping kittens warm, the mother also spends a significant amount of time keeping them clean.  You will need to take on this role by cleaning the kittens after each meal.  This is important not only for their health, but also for socialization and for the kittens to learn how to groom themselves as they get older.  To clean the kittens, use a slightly damp, warm washcloth and gently rub them all over.  Use short strokes similar to a mother cat grooming with her tongue.  Make sure each kitten is clean and fully dry before returning it to the enclosure with its litter mates.

Kittens under 3 weeks of age will also need to be stimulated to urinate and defecate.  To do this, simply use a cotton ball dipped in warm water and gently rub the kitten’s lower abdomen, rectum, and genitals.  This should stimulate the kitten to urinate every time.  Kittens should also defecate at least once a day with stimulation.  Kittens under three weeks of age should be stimulated to urinate and defecate before and after every meal.  At three weeks of age, kittens will begin to urinate and defecate on their own and will no longer need stimulation.  At this point, you can place a small litter box with non-clumping litter in the kitten enclosure for the kittens to explore.

Keep them fed with proper nutrition

Never feed a kitten cow’s milk or goat’s milk – these do not have the right balance of nutrients for a growing kitten and may cause serious digestive upset.  Instead, feed your kittens 1 part KMR powder to 2 parts water.  The formula should be around 100 degrees Fahrenheit, which will feel warm to the touch but not hot.  Formula that is too hot can burn the kittens and cause injury, while formula that is too cold can be unappetizing and can slow digestion.  Always check the temperature of the formula prior to feeding your kittens.

Kittens need frequent feedings throughout the day in order to digest the formula properly.  For kittens under two weeks of age, formula should be fed at least every 2 hours.  Kittens 2-4 weeks of age can be fed every 3-4 hours.  Any kitten that is weak, ill, or not eating as much as the others should be fed more frequently to ensure adequate intake.  

To bottle feed a kitten, place the kitten on its belly on a blanket or towel.  Hold the bottle at a 45 degree angle and gently place the nipple in the kitten’s mouth.  It may take a few tries at first, but once the kitten understands that this is a source of milk, it should latch on and start suckling right away.  Never place a kitten on its back to bottle feed, as this can cause the kitten to aspirate.  This can potentially cause aspiration pneumonia, which can be fatal.  Always keep the kittens upright and leaning forward, as they would be when nursing from their mother.

To ensure your kittens are eating well and getting enough calories each day, monitor their daily weight gain.  This will tell you if you need to increase their daily feedings.  Kittens should be weighed at the same time every day for accuracy.  A healthy kitten will gain a half ounce per day or 4 ounces per week.  If any of your kittens aren’t gaining enough, you may need to increase the frequency of their feedings.  If they still aren’t putting on an appropriate amount of weight, it’s best to consult your veterinarian as there may be an underlying medical issue contributing to the problem.

Keep them mentally stimulated

Kittens are natural explorers and it’s extremely important for their development to have new experiences at a young age.  Socializing your kittens should begin at 3 weeks of age.  At this time, you can begin introducing the best kitten toys, different play surfaces, and new people.  Handling the kittens frequently is also important to ensure they will be friendly and outgoing when it comes time to adopt them out.  As they continue growing and learning about their environment, you can also begin to introduce household noises such as the TV and the vacuum cleaner, which will help them be more successful at settling into their new homes when they are adopted.  If you choose to introduce other pets to the kittens, this should be done very gradually and under direct supervision at all times to reduce the risk of a fight.

How soon can you touch newborn kittens?

"It can be really tempting to touch and cuddle newborn kittens, but for the first two weeks of their life, you should avoid this as much as possible unless you are weighing them or there is an emergency," MacMillan advises. 

"Mother cats are very focused on their kittens during this time, and if you handle them too much it could lead to issues with bonding or cause her to become aggressive towards you. After two weeks, however, it should be fine to touch them and at this point, it will help them with their socialization towards humans."

When should I worry about newborn kittens?

"Signs that a newborn kitten is not doing well include weakness, difficulty feeding, and being a lower weight/noticeably smaller size than its litter mates. Other issues that should cause concern include vomiting up their milk, crying more than usual, pale or blue-colored gums, and abandonment from their mother. If you have any concerns about a newborn kitten, then contact your vet for advice," says MacMillan.

What not to do with newborn kittens

"As well as not excessively handling newborn kittens, you should also make sure they are not separated from their mother at any point. They rely on her for warmth, food and to help with toileting and cleaning," explains MacMillan. 

"If you do end up in a situation where you need to hand rear a kitten, then make sure you never give it goat or cow’s milk. You should always use a cat-specific milk replacement formula and ensure that the newborn receives a meal every 2 to 3 hours, both day and night. 

Never hold the kitten on its back like a baby to feed. They feed on all four feet normally so you should try and replicate this position to avoid milk accidentally going into their airways. If you are unsure of how to hand-rear a kitten, speak to your vet for advice."

Raising newborn kittens is a lot of work and they can definitely be a handful.  But the rewards are invaluable when you see your kittens grow and thrive.  With these four major tips, you’ll be able to get started raising your kittens so they’ll have a bright future ahead of them!

For more guidance to help you give your new fur friend the best start in life, be sure to check out our top kitten care tips that will ensure you meet both their physical and mental health needs. Or, learn how to make DIY kitten toys.

When can kittens eat dry food? It’s a question you may be asking if you’ve recently welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family. While every kitten is slightly different in terms of how soon they’ll be ready for solid food, there’s certainly plenty of guidance that can assist you in figuring out when they can be safely weaned off their mother’s milk.

It’s unanimously agreed by vets that the only source of food and fluid a kitten should consume up to the age of four weeks is their mother’s milk. After that, you can start to introduce the best kitten food in wet form in small amounts before moving on to dry food a few weeks later.

When it comes to how much food should a kitten eat, it’s important to introduce both wet and dry food slowly. Our youngest fur friends have super sensitive stomachs, so this will help avoid digestive upsets. In terms of portion size, think little and often — four to five small meals spread across the day is ideal.

To help ensure you feed your kitten the right amount of solid food at the right time, vet Dr. Sarah-Jane Mollier shares her expertise below, including how to wean your kitten and what food is best to feed them. 

When do kittens start eating food and drinking water?

For newborn kittens, their mother’s milk should be a kitten’s only source of nutrition from birth until four weeks of age. It’s important that all kittens suckle within two hours of birth, as this is when they receive vital colostrum, the first milk produced by mom. Colostrum provides essential nutrients as well as antibodies, which protect the kitten against diseases until they are able to produce their own. 

If a kitten is orphaned or cannot be with its mom, and no foster mom is available, then kitten formula is the next best thing. It’s important to note that kittens should never be given human or puppy formula. This won’t contain the right nutrition for them and can even be harmful. Only kitten formula is suitable.

Kittens can start eating food and drinking water from around four weeks of age. Some kittens may be ready after three weeks, but a kitten should never start weaning before three weeks of age. 

Tell-tale signs that a kitten is ready to start weaning include trying to steal some of mom’s food, or biting and chewing on the teat in bottle-fed kittens. The weaning process takes around two to four weeks, with the majority of kittens only eating solid food at eight weeks of age.

When can kittens eat dry food?

Kittens can eat dry food from four weeks old, but it’s sensible to wait until they are five to six weeks old to start offering kibble.

The guide below will help you know what to feed your kitten at each stage of the weaning process. 

What to feed kittens to wean them

You can start with wet or dry complete kitten food soaked in water or kitten milk. Starting with wet food is a good idea, as kittens will find this easier to eat and it tends to have a stronger smell, which will entice the kittens. 

Kittens must have free access to fresh water at all times during weaning. They will need to stay with mom until they are eight weeks old, so they can supplement feed from her while they get used to eating solid food. Staying with mom during this time is also crucial for their socialization. If they are bottle-fed, you will need to continue with some bottles until they are taking in enough nutrients from the solid food. 

How to wean kittens

Here are our top tips for successfully weaning kittens: 

• First, be patient. Weaning takes two to four weeks and there will be a LOT of mess in the early stages!
• Once your kittens reach four weeks old, you can start to introduce some solid food. It’s a good idea to start with wet kitten food, mixed with a little warm water or kitten milk.
• You can offer dry food soaked in warm water or kitten milk from four weeks if you choose to. Or, you can add it in starting at five to six weeks.
• You can offer a little food on the tip of your finger or a baby spoon, to tempt the kitten to try it. You should never smear it on their face or force their head into the bowl. They will try it when they are ready.
• Start by offering the food on a flat dish or plate, so there is no lip or rim in the kitten’s way. Be prepared to change the food regularly though, as the kittens will likely walk in it too!
• Over the next two to four weeks you can gradually decrease the amount of water or kitten milk you are adding until they are only eating the solid food.
• Ensure fresh drinking water is easily available at all times.

It’s important that you take your time and don’t try to rush weaning, as this will only cause stress to both the kittens and the mom.

How often to feed your kitten

Wondering how often to feed your kitten? Kittens need to eat little and often, so offer at least four small meals a day initially. It is very rare for kittens to over-eat, so they can also be fed ad-lib, as long as you change the food regularly to keep it fresh.

You should monitor your kitten’s weight daily, to be sure they are getting adequate nutrition. Kittens should gain at least 10 grams per day, on average. If your kitten’s weight gain is less than this or is dropping, contact your vet for advice as a kitten not eating can have huge health ramifications. 

Similarly, if their belly looks tucked in, they are crying excessively, or seem cold or weak, you should call your vet straight away.

What's the best type of food for kittens?

Kittens must be weaned on good quality, nutritionally complete kitten food. Kittens have specific calorie, protein, and calcium requirements for healthy growth. They also need adequate vitamins and minerals. 

Look for a manufacturer who employs board-certified veterinary nutritionists, or someone with a Ph.D. in animal nutrition, to work on their formula. Consider looking for a brand that is part of the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA). To be a member, the manufacturers have to meet higher quality standards than the legal minimum. You can find out more in our vet's guide to which kind of kitten food is best for your young cat.  

Weaning kittens is such an exciting time, but can also be a challenging one! Successful weaning takes patience, love, and a lot of mess! Now you know how to get started on weaning your kittens. Remember, if you aren’t sure, or have any concerns, then contact your vet for advice. And for more helpful guidance, check out these six kitten care tips to assist you in giving your little one the best start in life. 

You might also want to read: Can kittens eat watermelon?

Trying to figure out which kitten food is best when you welcome a new furball into your family is not as easy at it first seems. There is just so much choice on the market, with food makers claiming their meals to be the best. There are also lots of different types of kitten food, making a decision even harder.

When you’re simply looking for the best kitten food, that can pose something of a problem so our expert veterinarian Elizabeth Racine is here to help. She looks at the best option for cats on a case-by-case basis since there really is no one-meal-fits-all. In this guide, you will learn which kitten food is best in different scenarios, enabling you to choose an appropriate diet.

The importance of kitten food

Just like growing humans, kittens need an appropriate balance of nutrients to support their development. A kitten not eating will cause nutrient deficiency during this critical period of life and can have long-lasting effects on your kitten’s health. 

So, as well as getting to grips with the top six kitten feeding tips, you need to give your kitten a diet that has been specially formulated for their young bodies. The easiest way to do this is by buying commercially-prepared kitten foods. It’ll ensure your kitten is enjoying the correct balance of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.

Choose a kitten food

When choosing which kitten food is best, there are numerous factors to take into account – notably your kitten’s age, weight, body condition score, activity level, and overall health. Your veterinarian will help you choose an appropriate diet with these individual factors in mind but it’s always helpful to learn how to read a pet food label.

You should also check out guides from the World Small Animal Veterinary Association such as how to evaluate nutrition information on the internet and how to choose a pet food. And you can read more about kitten nutrition in the Veterinary Nursing Journal.

Transition your kitten to a new food

Whether you’re looking for the best wet cat food or the best dry cat food, you need to transition your kitten to them gradually (although you also need to know when can kittens eat dry food?).

Switching foods abruptly can lead to digestive upset, including vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite so transition to the new diet over the course of a week or two. Here are some steps:

1. Start by mixing your kitten’s meal as 75% of the old diet and 25% of the new diet.
2. Feed this for a few days.
3. If your kitten tolerates it well, you can progress to 50% of the old diet and 50% of the new diet.
4. Again, feed for a few days and monitor your kitten for any signs of GI upset.
5. Next transition to 25% old diet and 75% new diet.
6. Finally transition your kitten to 100% of the new diet.

This slow transition will ensure your kitten stays healthy and happy during the change, and he’ll learn to love his new food!

Start your kitten off well

Cats are texture-based eaters, meaning that the texture of their food is a big factor in whether or not they’ll choose to eat it. Because of this, it’s very important to expose your kitten to both the best wet cat food or the best dry cat food during kittenhood, so that he or she gets used to both textures. This will make life much easier later on, should you ever need to change your cat’s diet in adulthood!

Although many cats are natural grazers, it’s best not to get into the habit of leaving a bowl of food out all day. Doing so can lead to excess weight gain, resulting in obesity and associated health issues. Instead, offer your kitten measured portions of food at specific times of the day or use the best cat puzzle feeders, a snuffle mat, or hide bits of food around the house to give your kitten some extra exercise and mental stimulation!

Be sure to limit even the best cat treats or other snacks your kitten receives, too. A good rule of thumb is to have no more than 10% of your cat’s total daily calorie intake come from treats. If you’re not sure how much to feed your cat, ask your veterinarian to calculate your cat’s required daily calorie intake. You can ask, “how much should I feed my cat?” and “how often should I feed my kitten?”. Ultimately, you need to determine appropriate portion sizes and how many treats are acceptable to give daily.

Ask your veterinarian to help you choose the best kitten food

So which kitten food is best? Well, as we’ve seen, that depends on several factors and the best way to choose a diet for your kitten is to consult your veterinarian for product recommendations. The next big question is how long should cats eat kitten food for and while this varies from cat-to-cat, you generally continue to do so until they are around one-years-old. As your kitten grows and develops, your veterinarian can help you adjust the diet to meet your kitten’s changing needs. 

For more dietary advice for your feline friend, take a look at our guide to when can kittens eat dry food? 

If you’ve just welcomed a new fur friend into your family, you may be wondering how to socialize a kitten — and perhaps, why it’s so important. 

Often we can get so excited about adopting a kitten that we spend all of our time shopping for the best kitten food, toys and other supplies that we may not initially give socialization much thought. However, this process is incredibly important when it comes to ensuring you end up with a friendly and adaptable cat.

Socialization is a crucial step in your kitten’s development and begins long before they leave their mom. But while a lot of this process will occur while they’re with their littermates, you’ll also have an important role to play in helping your kitty learn how to interact appropriately with other cats and humans and prevent some of the most common kitten behavior problems. 

While figuring out how to socialize a kitten may feel daunting at first, rest assured the process isn’t as complicated as it might seem. To help you and your feline friend get off on the right footing, we spoke to vet Dr. Rebecca MacMillan to get her expert advice on the best way to go about socializing your kitten with both people and other cats. Here’s what she had to say…

When to socialize kittens

"Kittens are most open to socialization at two to seven weeks of age, so it is important to pick a breeder or rescue center that understands this," explains MacMillan. "Very young kittens should be gently exposed to a variety of people, animals, sounds, and smells in their first home environment. That will give you the best foundation to build on. 

Most owners don’t collect their kittens until eight weeks onwards, but you can continue working on their socialization, by keeping any new experiences calm and positive. The more good experiences a kitten has with something at a young age the more likely they are to be comfortable with it in the future."

Make sure you go and see a kitten in its home before agreeing to buy or adopt. If you find that the kitten runs up to you and craves attention, there’s a good chance that it has already been well socialized and will be a happy cat. If however they exhibit shyness and are fearful, you might have a steeper learning curve ahead of you both. 

Alongside continuing to socialize your kitten after you've brought them home, these five essential kitten training tips is a great idea way of helping your kitty master the skills and behaviors they need to thrive.

How to socialize a kitten with humans

Happy kittens tend to seek affection from humans which come to visit them in a familiar environment, but remember it can be overwhelming for new kittens as soon as they enter a new home - so don’t be surprised if they revert to being a bit shy at first. 

"When interacting with a new kitten it is important to let them come to you," says MacMillan. "This means fighting the urge to rush in and cuddle them! Sit calmly in the same room as your kitten and allow them to approach you. You could encourage this with some treats, food, or toys. If your kitten seems happy, start by gently stroking them and see how they respond. If at any point your kitten seems scared, then give them some space until they appear calmer again. 

Children should always be supervised around kittens. They are less good at reading body language and are more likely to get scratched, due to overexcitement or rough handling. Any new person who meets the kitten should take the same slow approach the first few times to gain their trust."

It’s important to give your new cat the time and space they need to progress from being a kitten up to adulthood, by not rushing the socialization process. Play close attention to how your cat behaves, and if you think you’re introducing too much too soon, scale your efforts back. 

How to socialize a kitten with other cats

"The first thing to remember is that cats are very territorial animals, and many are also solitary, meaning they are quite happy in their own company. It could take time for any existing cats in the household to get used to a kitten, so this introduction should be done slowly," MacMillan explains.

"Your new kitten should be kept confined in one area of the house to begin with. Only allow it to explore the rest of the house while your other cat is out or shut away in another room. This will allow your kitten to smell your other cat in its surroundings and vice versa. You could also allow them to sniff blankets that have been gently rubbed on the other cat. 

"The next step is to introduce them with a physical barrier in place, like a glass door, before moving onto a mesh barrier or baby gate that they can smell each other through," says MacMillan. "Once they have done lots of interactions like this you can try a face-to-face one. Just make sure that both the cat and the kitten have space to run away if they need to."

"Living and socializing with other cats will go much better if each cat (and kitten) always has their own set of food/water bowls, bed, and litter tray to reduce competition for resources. Using calming appeasing pheromone products can also help reduce stress in cats making introductions easier."

Make sure to read our guide on how to introduce a new kitten to a cat for more detailed information on this kind of socialization. 

How to socialize a scared kitten

Some cats are naturally more fearful than others, while if you've rescued a kitten that hasn’t been properly socialized, you might be starting with a scared kitten. Don’t panic, there’s still plenty you can do to help transform your scaredy cat into a happy and loving adult. 

"Scared kittens will need a bit of extra time and patience," says MacMillan. "Sometimes being scared is due to a lack of socialization in those very early weeks but it could also just be their personality type. Either way, you can still do all the normal kitten socialization steps but just allow for everything to take a bit longer. 

You can also help your scared kitten by making sure they have plenty of hiding places where they won’t be disturbed, and by ensuring they are not overwhelmed by lots of visitors when they are settling in. Never try and force a scared kitten to do anything it is not comfortable with as this could make them even more fearful in the long run."

The key thing here is to remain calm and show a huge amount of patience. Don’t expect a transformation quickly, and work at the pace your cat seems to be comfortable with. 

Finding training your fur baby a challenge? We share our tips for how to fix the most common kitten behavior problems. 

Do kittens sleep a lot? It’s a question you may be asking if you’ve just added a little feline friend to your family and discovered they spend more time with their eyes closed than they do with them open. While all that beauty sleep may seem worrying, rest assured it’s completely normal. 

For the first three months of their lives, kittens sleep for a minimum of 18 hours a day with more than 20 hours typically being the norm. They’ll wake to indulge in a portion of the best kitten food or to play a game or two and then will usually go right back to sleep. 

Kittens need all of this sleep to help their bodies grow and develop, so unless you notice that they’re low on energy or lethargic during the brief periods they’re awake or you have a kitten not eating, your little one sleeping most of the day isn’t a cause for alarm. 

Below, we spoke to Dr. Hannah Godfrey to get her thoughts on whether it’s okay to let your kitten sleep all day, where the best place is for them to sleep, and how to get a kitten to sleep at night if they won’t stop crying.

How much sleep does a kitten need?

"Growing and developing rapidly like kittens do requires lots of sleep, so young kittens can nap for up to 20 hours in a day!," explains Godfrey.

However, from the age of around 8-12 weeks, you should find that that has reduced a little to around 18 hours a day. This is the same kind of pattern you can expect your feline friend to follow right into adulthood too.

Although it’s not necessarily a concern if a kitten or cat is asleep pretty much all of the time, (if that is normal for them and as long as they are easily rousable), if you notice that they are lethargic or low in energy when they are awake, then this can be a sign of concern - keep an eye on them and of course take them to a vet if you are particularly worried.

Should I let my kitten sleep all day?

Why do cats sleep so much? It's a question you may find yourself pondering as you watch your fur friend snooze the day away. But rest assured, kittens really do need their sleep, and just like human babies, they need it even more than adult cats do. 

"Generally, you don’t need to worry about your kitten sleeping too much, but if they are hard to rouse or showing signs of being unwell you should contact your vet for a check up," Godfrey advises.

Try not to wake your sleeping kitten if you can avoid it, unless you are concerned about them. This is especially important when the cat is new to your home as disturbing their sleep can cause anxiety and fear when they’re still settling in. 

When you’re still trying to get your kitten used to you and your home, it can be a good idea to stay in the same room as the sleeping kitten, but doing something calm and quiet so as not to disturb them. Something like watching TV at a low volume, or reading, gives them the opportunity to snooze and nap while you’re still there, which helps build your bond. 

When they wake up, use it as an opportunity for play time and affection. Spending time on the floor with your kitten also gets you down to their level and helps to build up extra trust. 

Should I ignore my kitten crying at night?

Cat meowing at night? There are lots of reasons why your kitten may be crying at night and one of the big questions that new kitten owners have is whether it’s safe to ignore it. 

"If your kitten is settling in, it’s normal for them to cry at night. However, if your kitten has previously been settled and quiet and you hear them crying overnight out of the blue, it’s a good idea to check on them," Godfrey explains.

As with lots of pet training, the key to getting your new cat used to being in your home is consistency. So any changes should be made gradually. If you’re finding crying to be a problem, something you might like to try is putting their bed in or close to your bedroom, then slowly moving it further away every couple of days until they are in the place you actually want them to sleep. 

Where should kittens sleep at night?

Most cats (and let’s face it humans too) just want somewhere warm and cozy to snuggle up in at night. 

Look for a suitable spot to set up their bed before you bring your kitten home for the first time. Somewhere out of the way of draughts, away from doors and corridors, where they can feel safe and secure is generally a good option. 

Again, if you want to place your kitten near to your bed for the first few nights with the ultimate aim of moving to them to a different spot, try and find somewhere close by that isn’t at risk of them being trodden on or otherwise being in the way. 

It’s also perfectly fine to leave your kitten to sleep alone or in a completely different room, even when they are very young.

"Where your kitten sleeps at night, to an extent, is up to you," confirms Godfrey. "Some pet parents prefer their kitten to initially be in the same room as them, then they gradually move them further away once they’re settled. However, there’s nothing wrong with letting your cat sleep alone in another room away from you as long as they’re safe from dangers."

At what age do kittens sleep through the night?

When you first bring your kitten home, you should be prepared for a couple of sleepless nights. Although cats do indeed love to sleep, when they’re still settling into unfamiliar environments and getting to know their new home, it’s pretty common for them to have some disturbed sleep - and to wake you up in the process.

On top of that, they’re also crepuscular, meaning that they are often at their most active at dawn and dusk - in the wild that’s the best time for hunting. As such, you might find that you’ve got an early riser on your hands, or that they enjoy late night zoomies.

"The bad news is that many kittens and cats don’t sleep through the night - it’s just not natural for them. However, that doesn’t mean they’ll disturb you much. After a few weeks you should find that your kitten sleeps a lot during the night, even if they potter about quietly to explore a bit and snooze in different places," explains Godfrey.

If you're lucky, your kitten will be sleeping longer at night and disturbing you less within a few weeks of bringing them home - but if you find that you’re struggling, make sure to speak to your vet to rule out any underlying problems that could be keeping them awake. 

How to get a kitten to sleep at night

If you’re keen to make sure that both you and your feline friend get a good night’s sleep, there are a few straightforward techniques you can try to make sure they’re fully prepared for bedtime. These include the following: 

1. Alter their food schedule  

It can be helpful to feed your cat later at night in order to make them sleepy right before bedtime. You might also want to avoid feeding them as soon as you wake up - otherwise they might think all they need to do get food is to wake you up. 

2. Make sure they’re getting plenty of exercise and play 

Although cats love sleep, dozes and naps, when they are awake, you’ll find that they’re pretty active. Make sure you’re providing them with enough mental and physical stimulation in the way of toys and exercise to tire them out for night time. 

3. Provide comforting objects 

When your kitten is new to your home, bring something along from the breeder or their previous home - such as a blanket to help provide comfort, stability and reassurance.  

4. Don’t reward nighttime behavior  

Although it’s important to rule out any problems that require attention (such as medical issues), it’s also crucial not to overly reward nighttime crying, too. Don’t immediately rush to your cat should you hear it crying, and be firm and consistent in your approach to responding to cries. 

5. Make sure their basic needs are met 

Ensuring your cat has access to a litter tray and a bowl of water overnight can be all it takes to stop the night time crying. If you find you have a dawn riser, you might also want to leave them the best cat puzzle feeder to keep them occupied until you want to get up. 

If you've just welcomed a new bundle of fluff into your family, check out our vet's top six kitten care tips to ensure they thrive in their first year of life. Or, discover the answer to: why do cats play at night?

Discovering a kitten not eating is a great concern. Will the poor little furbaby become really hungry or suffer ill-health and is it a symptom of something serious? In general, a healthy kitten should be eating at least three or four times a day so anything less can lead to problems. The key is knowing when to spot the signs early and when you need to seek veterinary assistance.

If a kitten does not eat for more than 24 hours, they run the risk of becoming dehydrated and malnourished. They may also begin to suffer other health complications. Early signs tend to be a change in normal behavior. You may spot your kitten pacing or howling more than usual or discover they’ve lost interest in the best cat toys.

Sometimes kittens can be more sleepy or show stark signs of ill-health such as an upset stomach presenting as vomiting or diarrhea. In some cases, a cat is throwing up food after eating. If this is happening, then a trip to the vet is usually the best way forward since a physical examination and blood and stool tests can get to the root of the problem.

So let’s explore the issue of a kitten not eating in greater detail with the help of vets Elizabeth Racine and Diana Hasler as well as certified animal behaviorist Caroline Wilkinson. They explore how much food should a kitten eat?, share thoughts about why your kitten may have stopped eating and give top tips to get them back to the bowl.

What to do if your kitten won't eat

Making adjustments to a kitten’s food or environment can help, the idea being that you’re looking to entice your kitty to eat. With a set of kitten feeding tips to hand, you may be able to get your beloved bundle eating once more.

1. Try offering different foods

Offering a mix of wet and dry food, including different flavors and textures, can entice your kitten to eat. It’s worth following our two vets’ guide to the 12 best kitten foods for an idea of the types of meals and kibble you should be looking out for. But, in general, you may find your kitten loves pate food or will only eat if the food has gravy. You could also try warming food up in the microwave, being careful not to make it too hot. Use your finger for hot spots which could burn your kitten’s mouth. You can also try foods kittens can eat besides cat food.

2. Feed your kitten in a quiet space

Consider feeding your kitten alone in a quiet room or leaving food out overnight. Some cats are nervous or shy and may not eat with people or other animals around. You may find that once everyone is asleep and the house is quiet, she will venture out to eat by herself.

3. Ensure their food bowl is clean

Leftover food bits can quickly grow bacteria and mold, making for a very unappetizing meal! Consider buying the best cat food bowl – one that’s wide and shallow so it will be easy for your kitten to access. Wash it with dish soap and warm water after each meal.

When to worry about a kitten not eating

It's vital that you contact your vet if your kitten does not eat within 24 hours, even if water is being consumed. If your kitten is under six-weeks-old, has stopped eating and shows signs of illness, contact your veterinarian immediately. They are at particular risk of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar at that age, if they do not eat regularly.

Signs of hypoglycemia include loss of appetite, weakness, stumbling, falling over, disorientation, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and death. If you suspect your kitten may be hypoglycemic, rub some karo syrup, honey, or even maple syrup onto your kitten’s gums and take her to a veterinarian immediately. 

“Proper nutrition is important throughout a cat’s life and is especially critical during kittenhood,” according to the MSD Veterinary Manual. “Growing kittens need more calories, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals to meet their needs for rapid growth and development”. 

But how often should I feed my kitten? Well, the answer is multiple times per day so if your kitten is failing to eat any of those meals over a 24-hour period, it’s a good indication of a problem – more so if your kitten, of any age, has any other symptoms of illness, such as vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or abdominal pain.

Diagnosing your kitten

Your veterinarian will perform a full physical examination, including listening to your kitten’s heart and lungs and palpating your kitten’s abdomen to feel for any abnormalities. Your veterinarian will likely also want to perform some diagnostic tests such as blood work, radiographs (x-rays) of your kitten’s abdomen, or evaluation of a fecal sample to rule out parasites. 

This will help your veterinarian rule out common causes for your kitten to stop eating. If an underlying cause for your kitten’s loss of appetite is identified, your veterinarian will prescribe an appropriate treatment plan to help get your kitten back on track.

Sometimes, no underlying cause is identified to explain your kitten’s change in appetite. In this case, your veterinarian may prescribe medication to address the symptoms. This may include a medication to alleviate nausea, an appetite stimulant, an antacid, or even intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SQ) fluids to help keep your kitten hydrated. Be sure to follow your veterinarian’s instructions closely, and let your vet know if your kitten does not improve on the medications.

Treating your kitten at home

Although it may be tempting to try home remedies or over-the-counter medications for your kitten, this is not a good idea. Many of these “treatments” are unhelpful at best and toxic at worst. Your kitten is fragile and cannot tolerate new supplements at this time. Many over-the-counter and other human medications are also toxic to cats and can be very dangerous to your kitten. In general, you should never use a home remedy or medication without first consulting your veterinarian.

With your veterinarian’s help – and maybe a little trial and error – you’ll hopefully see your kitten back at the food dish in no time. Remember that too many diet changes can cause an upset stomach, so transition gradually if you're going to be changing cat food.  Be sure to keep an eye on your kitten’s appetite, and see your veterinarian if any further episodes of not eating occur.  Most importantly, enjoy all the fun there is to be had during kittenhood! 

Read next: Why is my kitten always hungry?

Want to learn more about kitten appetites? Discover how long should cats eat for? and how to stop your kitten eating litter.

You need to know the basics of kitten care if you’re introducing one as a pet into your home. While kittens (and cats come to that) are known to be independent creatures, you still need to nurture and look after them.

That means going way beyond merely feeding them the best kitten food (as important as that is). It involves ensuring kittens are socialized, given medical care as and when required and lavished with attention – which means it’s time to splash some cash on the best kitten toys.

To help your kitten get off to a flying start, we asked expert vet Dr Catherine Barnette for some kitten care tips. Here she explains why it’s vital to understand your kitten’s physical and psychological needs while discussing the adjustments you need to make to ensure your pet feels at home in your house.

Top six kitten care tips: A vet's guide

1. Work with your vet

Don’t feel as if you’re alone when it comes to caring for your kitten. As well as being able to take on board heaps of advice from the team here at PetsRadar, you should also have a valuable resource close to home to help you with kitten preventative care needs.

We’re talking, of course, about your vet. “Veterinary care is essential to ensure that your cat receives necessary disease-preventing vaccines, parasite prevention, and deworming – as well as to help you solve problems, such as a kitten not eating,” Dr Barnette says.

You should schedule your kitten’s first veterinary visit within the first few days of bringing your pet home. “Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, looking for signs of illness and underlying health issues,” Dr Barnette adds. “Your veterinarian will also review your kitten’s medical records, to determine what medical care your cat needs. Depending on your kitten’s medical history, your veterinarian may recommend vaccines, a fecal parasite exam, and/or infectious disease testing.”

2. Don’t skimp on vaccines

It’s important to keep up-to-date with cat and kitten vaccinations. “Kittens typically visit the veterinarian every three to four weeks, from eight to sixteen weeks of age,” Dr Barnette says. “After the initial kitten vaccine series, vaccinations will decrease in frequency to once every one to three years.”

The initial series of kitten vaccines will protect your kitten against several feline viral illnesses, including rhinotracheitis (feline herpes virus), calicivirus, panleukopenia, feline leukemia virus, and rabies.

“While it may seem challenging to fit these frequent kitten vaccine visits into your hectic schedule, it’s important to set aside the time to do so,” Dr Barnette adds. “Missing vaccine visits can put your kitten at risk for serious and potentially fatal viral infections.”

3. Have your kitten spayed or neutered before six months of age

Unless you want many more kittens on your hands in the future (and chances are you don’t), ensure your kitten is spayed or neutered before they reach reproductive maturity. This will prevent accidental breeding and avoid contributing to pet overpopulation.

To that end learn more about neutering your pet. “Spay/neuter surgery can directly benefit you and your kitten,” Dr Barnette explains. “Cats in heat can be difficult to be around, vocalizing loudly and attempting to escape the house while intact males may urine mark inside the home, as well as attempting to escape in search of in-heat females.”

Spay/neuter surgery makes cats more pleasant while reducing the likelihood that your kitten will be injured while out roaming. “Spaying and neutering also reduces the likelihood of your cat developing certain types of cancers and has been shown to increase a cat’s lifespan,” Dr Barnette adds.

4. Use a prescription product to prevent parasites

Parasites, such as fleas, intestinal worms, and heartworms, pose a serious risk to cats and they’re among 32 of the most common illnesses in cats. Fleas aren’t just disgusting and annoying; they can spread serious viral infections. Intestinal worms can trigger vomiting and diarrhea, while heartworms can be deadly.

It’s wise, then, to learn how to treat a kitten with worms and to give your pet a veterinarian-recommended parasite preventative treatment (beginning in kittenhood and continuing throughout the remainder of your cat’s life) is widely advised by vets.

“Although over-the-counter flea preventatives are available in many pet supply stores, these products do not protect against heartworms or intestinal worms,” Dr Barnette says. “They also tend to be less effective than prescription parasite preventatives, with a higher risk of side effects.”

And don’t ignore this advice if you have an indoor cat. Ves tcommonly diagnose parasites in indoor cats, too. “Talk to your veterinarian about the best parasite prevention plan for your kitten,” Dr Barnette adds.

5. Provide your kitten with healthy outlets for play and exercise

Kittens have a lot of energy and it’s important to provide them with plenty of healthy opportunities for play. As well as improving your cat’s mental well-being, it will decrease the likelihood of your cat developing bad habits, such as attacking you or chewing on your hands.

“Experiment with your kitten to determine which toys she prefers – take a look at our guide to the best kitten toys for some ideas,” Dr Barnette says. “There are a number of available options, including fake mice, balls (with or without bells or other noisemakers inside), and teaser wands (toys that have a feather or other small toy on the end of a string, attached to a long handle).”

We have a helpful guide on how to play with a kitten if you're unsure where to start.

6. “Kitten-proof” your home carefully

Curiosity killed the cat – and you definitely don’t want that to happen! So risk assess your home and figure out if your kitten’s playful nature is likely to get them into trouble. “Just like you would baby-proof your home for a toddler, it’s important to kitten-proof your home for your new kitten,” says Dr Barnette. “Take the time to walk (or even better, crawl) around your home, looking for potential kitten hazards and removing them before they present a problem.

Looking for some great training tips? You’ll find them in our guide to the most common kitten behavior problems and how to fix them. You might also want to leanr about why your kitten is always hungry.

Worried about kitten constipation? If you’ve noticed your little fur friend isn’t pooping as frequently as they once were or they’ve stopped producing stools altogether, you may be wondering what’s going on.

Kitten constipation can occur for any number of reasons. It could be that your kitten isn’t drinking enough water and is dehydrated or they have an intestinal parasite that’s blocking the movement of feces through the intestines. The best kitten food may also be a culprit if there’s something in the ingredient list that doesn’t agree with your kitty’s delicate digestive system.

Just like diarrhea in cats, you’ll want to pay attention if you have a constipated kitten on your hands. If your little one is defecating less than usual but is showing no other signs of illness, you may be able to resolve their constipation at home.

We understand how easy it can be to worry when your little one is unwell, so to help you figure out whether your kitten needs a trip to the vet, we spoke to Dr. Catherine Barnette. Below, she explains the symptoms of constipation, the most common causes, what you can do to prevent it and when it’s time to seek medical attention. Plus, Dr. Hannah Godfrey shares her thoughts on the fastest way to relieve kitten constipation and how you can stimulate your kitten's bowels at home.

Symptoms of kitten constipation

It’s not uncommon for young kittens to have slightly irregular bowel habits. You may not find feces in your kitten’s litter box every single day, and this doesn’t always mean that there is a problem. However, it’s important to be able to recognize constipation when it does occur, so you can address the problem before it becomes too serious.

In addition a lack of feces, other signs of constipation in kittens may include:

• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting
• Straining to defecate
• Vocalizing in the litter box
• Accidents outside the litter box

If you are bottle-feeding a very young or newborn kitten, you will need to stimulate your kitten to defecate. Kittens under one month old are stimulated when their mother licks the area around their anus, and you can create a similar effect by stimulating your kitten with a moist, warm washcloth. You should stimulate your kitten before every feeding, and they should produce a small amount of stool. If your kitten has gone several feedings without defecating, this suggests possible constipation.

Finally, some constipated kittens can still produce small amounts of feces. Small amounts of liquid feces may be able to pass around a large ball of dried feces that is trapped within the colon. If your kitten seems to be having trouble defecating, even if they are still passing small amounts of stool, they could potentially be constipated.

Causes of kitten constipation

Dehydration in cats is a common cause of constipation. Without adequate water intake, kittens can become dehydrated. In an effort to remain hydrated, they will reabsorb large amounts of water from their stool. Dry stool cannot be moved through the intestinal tract as effectively, leading to constipation.

An improper diet can also be associated with constipation, if the diet leads to stool that is difficult to transport through the intestines. Heavy intestinal parasite infections can block the movement of feces through the intestines, as can foreign body obstructions (a toy or string lodged in the intestines).

Less commonly, birth defects can make it difficult or impossible for a kitten to defecate, leading to constipation. In atresia ani, for example, kittens are born without an anus and therefore they are unable to defecate.

Treating kitten constipation at home

If your kitten is defecating less often than usual, but otherwise acting normal (eating, playing, and active), you can attempt basic home care.

First, ensure that your kitten is receiving plenty of water. If your kitten eats dry food, feed a canned diet or add water to your kitten’s food. In many cases, boosting your kitten’s fluid intake is all that’s needed to alleviate mild constipation.

Avoid giving your young feline milk because then you'll be trying to figure out how to help a kitten with diarrhea — the opposite issue to what you're facing at the moment.

Unless your cat is under a month old, you should not need to stimulate your cat to defecate. However, a gentle belly rub or vigorous play session can sometimes help trigger a bowel movement.

How do you stimulate a kitten’s bowels?

"Depending on your kitten’s age and whether they are weaned, high-fiber foods can be given to draw water into your kitten's guts and help the poop move through," explains Godfrey. "However, this will only help if your kitten is very well-hydrated and continues to drink well, otherwise, it could make the problem worse. Therefore, if you think your kitten is constipated, it's a good idea to speak to your vet about using lactulose, which helps to lubricate the feces.

It’s also worth noting that very young kittens need to be stimulated to pass poop. This is usually done by their mother who licks their rear end to help them toilet. However, if you are handrearing a kitten you may need to stimulate their bowels by rubbing wet cotton wool on their rear end from their belly to their tail."

What is the fastest way to relieve constipation in a kitten?

"Firstly, if your kitten hasn’t passed feces for a few days and is straining, distressed, or unwell, or if there’s a chance they’ve eaten something inedible that could have caused a gut blockage, it’s best to take them to the veterinary clinic for an appointment," Godfrey advises.

"The veterinarian can assess the extent of the constipation and decide whether they need oral treatment like lactulose, a drip to rehydrate them, or an enema. If your kitten is still passing feces but the feces is firm or they’re just not passing feces as easily or regularly, increasing their water intake via a water fountain or adding water to their food could help. This is because the guts are not well lubricated if your cat isn’t well hydrated."

When to see a veterinarian

If your kitten is lethargic, reluctant to eat, or vomiting, you need to see a veterinarian — this is one of the most important kitten care tips we can share with you. Constipation is often associated with dehydration; left untreated, this can be very serious for your kitten. Additionally, untreated constipation can permanently stretch your kitten’s colon, making your cat more prone to future bouts of constipation.

Your veterinarian will begin by performing a thorough physical exam, taking special care to palpate your kitten’s abdomen and feel for signs of feces accumulation. A fecal parasite examination may be performed to look for intestinal worms, and abdominal radiographs (x-rays) may be taken to assess the amount of feces present in your kitten’s colon. Your veterinarian may also recommend bloodwork or other tests, especially if your kitten appears seriously ill.

What do vets give cats for constipation?

Many cases of constipation are caused by dehydration. If your veterinarian feels that dehydration is causing your kitten’s constipation, they may administer intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (under the skin) fluids to rehydrate your kitten. Fluid therapy alone may be adequate to help your kitten’s bowel movements return to normal.

Your veterinarian may also prescribe a laxative for your kitten. These medications are designed to help feces move through the digestive tract and be eliminated. In more severe cases, an enema may also be recommended, which may be performed under sedation or anesthesia.

Preventing constipation in kittens

Preventing constipation in kittens is largely focused on ensuring that you are feeding an appropriate diet and providing adequate amounts of water. If your kitten has had episodes of constipation in the past, feeding a high-moisture canned diet may prevent future problems. You can also add a small amount of water to your kitten’s food, in order to increase the moisture content of the diet.

Your veterinarian may also recommend a high-fiber diet, to increase the bulk of your kitten’s feces. In some cases, small amounts of canned pumpkin or other high-fiber additives may be recommended.

While you may be able to treat a mildly constipated kitten with home care, severe cases require veterinary attention. Ensure that your kitten is receiving adequate water; if necessary, you can feed a canned diet with water added. If your kitten does not respond to a diet change or shows other signs of illness, contact your veterinarian.

Enjoy this piece and looking for more great kitty content? The be sure to check out our guide to how to litter train a kitten. If you're concerned about an older feline, read our advice on cat constipation. Noticed blood in cat stool? Our guide is here to help.

If you have a kitten drinking a lot of water, it’s understandable that you’re concerned — after all, while staying hydrated is important, you can certainly have too much of a good thing. So, how do you know if your kitten’s fluid intake is normal or if it’s a cause for concern?

The first thing that’s worth pointing out is that kittens need around 50ml of water per kilo of body weight. That means that a 4kg cat requires 200ml of water every day in order to ensure they don’t become dehydrated. Because many cat owners choose to feed their little one the best kitten food in wet form, a lot of their daily fluid intake will be met through that.

However, if on top of a wet food diet (or a dry food one with plenty of access to fresh water), they’re emptying out their water bowl faster than you can refill it, or they’re drinking excessively from places like faucets and puddles, it’s time to consult a vet. They will be able to rule out any health-related reasons that could be causing your kitten to be extra thirsty.

Whether it’s a kitten not eating or a kitten drinking a lot, any behavior that seems out of the ordinary to you warrants a check up. To help you understand why your kitten might be drinking more water than they need to, we spoke to expert vet Dr. Lynne James to get her thoughts on the potential health issues that could cause a kitten to overdrink and what you should do about it.

How much water does a kitten need to drink?

We spoke to PDSA vet Lynne James, who told us that just like the answer to how much food should a kitten eat, how much fluid a kitten should consume can differ: "The amount of water a kitten drinks can vary depending on a number of things, including their diet, the temperature of their home, the amount of exercise they do, and how they like to drink.

"Cats tend to drink no more than 50ml of water per kg of their body weight (i.e. 200ml for a 4kg cat), so if you find that your kitten is regularly drinking more than this, or you notice a change in the amount they drink, then it’s important to speak to your vet.

"Other signs of excessive drinking include being thirsty all the time, their water bowl emptying quicker than usual, drinking from places that they normally don't, and visiting their litter tray more often."

For more guidance, read our guide that answers 'do kittens drink water?'

Why might a kitten drink a lot of water?

There are plenty of health-related reasons why a kitten or cat may be drinking a lot of water, but before we come to those, let's take a look at some less worrying reasons.

The most likely explanation, says Lynne James, is dietary. "Kittens fed a wet diet tend to get most of the water they need from their food," she says, "whereas those eating dry food often need to drink more." So if you'd like your kitten to drink less, the simple solution is to add more wet food to your kitten's diet. Obviously a bit of dry food on the side is good for your kitten's teeth, so don't ditch it completely, but a main dish of wet food will largely cover your kitten's fluid needs, leaving it requiring the occasional top-up from the water bowl.

Another thing to bear in mind is that kittens are going to be kittens, and that means a lot of tearing around the place, which in turn can leave them needing to drink more water. So again, if your kitten needs a long drink after an energetic play session with the best interactive cat toys, that shouldn't be any cause for concern.

On a similar note, an upwards change in temperature can result in your kitten needing to drink more water. It could be that the weather's heated up in the summer, or alternatively it might be really cold out so you have the heating turned up in doors, and either of these changes can leave your kitten feeling a bit dried out and in need of extra fluids.

Alternatively, it could just be that your kitten really enjoys drinking water. Lynne James tells us, "If your kitten likes flowing water from a tap or water fountain, you may find that they drink more when this is available to them, especially if they like to play with it at the same time!"

Potential health issues

Of course, there are a number of health-related issues that can explain why a kitten might be drinking a lot of water. With older cats there are a few obvious likely causes, as Lynne James explains: "As a cat gets older, increased thirst can be an indicator of a number of serious conditions, such as kidney disease, an overactive thyroid, liver disease and diabetes in cats – which is why it’s so important to be aware of how much water your cat drinks through their life. The good news is that early diagnosis and treatment greatly improves the prognosis for most of these conditions."

In the case of kittens, however, these are less likely to be the cause of excess water consumption, although they can't be ruled out entirely. A more likely explanation is some kind of low-grade fever that you'd want to keep an eye on but which would clear itself within a few days. There's a slim possibility that your kitten has a form of early-onset diabetes; similarly metabolic and endocrine disorders might result in poor metabolism of water, leading to excessive drinking. The chances of these are pretty low, though.

If you're concerned about your kitten drinking a lot of water, Lynne James advises that the best place to start is to check exactly how much they are having each day. "To do this," she explains, "ensure their water bowl and any other water sources are empty and measure out a set amount of water in a jug. Put this water in their water bowls and note the time. 24 hours later, measure the remaining amount of water to see how much your pet has consumed – repeat over a few days so that you can calculate an average amount per day."

If you're concerned that your kitten's seriously over-drinking, or if it's displaying any symptoms of ill health, contact your vet for advice.

Most of the explanations as to why a kitten might be drinking a lot of water are, thankfully, pretty benign. It's more likely to do with its diet, the current temperature or the amount of activity it's up to, than something linked to your kitten's health. So while naturally you'll want to keep an eye on your kitten's drinking habits if they seem a little over the top, watch out for other warning signs and call your vet if you're concerned for your kitten's health.

Thanks to PDSA vet Lynne James. Vet charity PDSA provides free and low-cost vet care for those who struggle to pay treatment costs for their sick and injured pets.

Now that you know how much fluid your little one should be consuming on a daily basis, you might be keen to learn about their food intake. Our guide to ‘how often should I feed my kitten?’ has the answers. You might also want to read how long cats can go without water.