The second-largest continent in the world is home to many African dog breeds that have since been exported all over the world.
Most African dog breeds were originally working dogs, which is something to bear in mind as they are large, muscular, and strong
"This means they can be high energy with an independent streak, and are not necessarily suitable for a novice pet owner," says vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.
African dog breeds
1. Rhodesian Ridgeback
The Rhodesian Ridgeback is known for its distinctive ridge of hair that grows along its back.
Originally bred for hunting and guarding, this is a powerful and agile large breed dog that needs around two hours of exercise each day. This is a very intelligent breed, but has a stubborn streak. Due to this – and their size – they are better suited to more experienced owners and handlers.
Rhodesian Ridgebacks are friendly, although they can be wary of strangers and other unknown dogs. It is important to socialize them from pups to help with this.
2. Boerboel
The Boerboel certainly stands out from the crowd thanks to their stocky build. They stand between 24–27 inches and can weigh up to 180lbs! They are one of the best guard dog breeds and are extremely protective of their pet parents and family.
This breed needs about an hour of exercise each day to stay happy. You'll want to be sure they have plenty of outdoor space to run around and stretch their legs.
3. Basenji
The basenji is a super intelligent pup, known for their distinctive yowling. This is a high energy breed that needs at least an hour per day of exercise. Basenjis are scent hounds and have a high prey drive, so they will do best in homes that don't have other smaller pets.
Basenjis have a strong independent streak and often struggle with recall training. Due to this, training can be a little harder, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. With plenty of the best dog treats and tons of positive reinforcement, basenjis can easily learn new skills.
4. Sloughi
A sighthound that originates from Northern Africa, the Sloughi is one of the fastest dog breeds that can reach speeds up to 42mph. They were originally bred for hunting and still maintain a high prey drive, so it’s best to keep them on a leash while out and about.
5. Aidi
You wouldn't guess it by looking at their thick coats but yes, the aidi originated in Morocco, where they were bred as guard dogs to protect against predators in the mountain regions.
Aidis are smart and loyal pups. While this breed is not officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is recognized by other organizations around the world.
6. Azawakh
The Azawakh is one of the rarest dog breeds around. They could easily be mistaken for a whippet due to their tall and slim frames. This breed was used to guard livestock, and they still carry their protective genes today.
They are incredibly loyal and loving dogs, but are not so trusting of strangers. Socialization can help them feel more comfortable around new people and dogs.
Caring for African dog breeds
You may have noticed a pattern by now – African dog breeds are typically high-energy and were originally bred for working purposes, so these dogs are going to do best when they are kept busy or given a job to do.
Dr MacMillan says, "Owners of large guarding and hunting breeds in particular, like the Rhodesian Ridgeback and boerboel, need to make sure their dogs receive early socialisation to avoid behavioural issues."
She also notes that these breeds will need just as much mental stimulation as physical to avoid boredom. Brain games for dogs and the best dog puzzle toys will go a long way in this department.
Read next: Unusual dog breeds
Rebecca is a veterinary surgeon who graduated from the Royal Veterinary Collegein London in 2009. She enjoys medicine in particular and she is proud to have achieved a BSAVA postgraduate certificate in small animal medicine (with commendation) from Nottingham Trent University in 2021.
She has a wealth of experience in first opinion small animal practice, having done a mixture of day-to-day routine work, on-call emergency duties and managerial roles since 2009.
She writes on various feline and canine topics for the Veterinary Content Company and a freelance basis, including behavior, nutrition, and health. Outside of work and writing she enjoys walking her own dog, spending time with her young family and baking!
Edited by Georgia Guerin and Megan Milstead.
Last updated in July 2025.
